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DARTMOUTH. 


THE   HISTORY 


OP 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE 


BY 

BAXTER  PERRY  SMITH. 


BOSTON: 
HOUGHTON,  OSGOOD   AND    COMPANY. 


1878. 


COPYRIGHT, 1878, 
BY  BAXTER  PERRY  SMITH. 


The  Riverside  Press,  Cambridge  : 
Printed  by  H.  O.  Houghton  and  Company. 


PREFACE. 


IN"  the  preparation  of  this  work  the  writer  has  deemed  it 
better  to  let  history,  as  far  as  possible,  tell  its  own  story,  re- 
garding reliability  as  preferable  to  unity  of  style. 

The  imperfect  ^records  of  all  our  older  literary  institutions, 
limit  their  written  history,  in  large  measure,  to  a  record  of 
the  lives  and  labors  of  their  teachers. 

To  the  many  friends  of  the  college,  and  others,  who  have 
kindly  given  their  aid,  the  writer  is  under  large  obligations. 

The  following  names  deserve  especial  notice  :  Hon.  Robert 
C.  Winthrop,  Hon.  Charles  L.  Woodbury,  Hon.  R.  R.  Bishop, 
Wm.  H.  Duncan,  Esq.,  Richard  B.  Kimball,  Esq.,  Rev.  Eden 
B.  Foster,  D.  D.,  Hon.  James  Barrett,  N.  C.  Berry,  Esq., 
Dr.  F.  E.  Oliver,  Hon.  J.  E.  Sargent,  Dr.  C.  A.  Walker, 
Hon.  A.  O.  Brewster,  Hon.  A.  A.  Ranney,  Dr.  W.  M.  Cham- 
berlain, Hon.  James  W.  Patterson,  Rev.  Carlos  Slafter,  Hon. 
J.  B.  D.  Cogswell,  Gen.  John  Eaton,  Rev.  H.  A.  Hazen, 
Rev.  S.  L.  B.  Speare,  H.  N.  Twombly,  Esq.,  Caleb  Blodgett, 
Esq.,  Hon.  Benj.  F.  Prescott,  Dr.  C.  H.  Spring,  Prof.  C.  O. 
Thompson,  Hon.  Frederic  Chase,  Rev.  W.  J.  Tucker,  D.  D., 
L.  G.  Farmer,  Esq.,  and  N.  W.  Ladd,  Esq. 

With  profound  gratitude  he  mentions  also  the  name  of  Hon. 
Nathan  Crosby,  but  for  whose  valuable  pecuniary  aid  the 
publication  of  the  work  must  have  been  delayed ;  and  the 
names  of  Hon.  Joel  Parker,  Hon.  William  P.  Haines,  Hon. 
John  P.  Healy,  Hon.  Lincoln  F.  Brigham,  John  D.  Philbrick, 

M123188 


IV  PREFACE. 

Esq.,  Dr.  Jabez  B.  Upham,  Hon.  Harvey  Jewell,  and  Hon. 
Walbridge  A.  Field,  who  have  aided   in  a  similar  manner. 
Particular  mention  should  also  be  made  of  the  kindness  of 
gentlemen  connected  with  numerous  libraries,  especially  that 
of  Mr.  John  Ward  Deane,  and  Mr.  Albert  H.  Hoyt,  and  the 
late  J.  Wingate  Thornton,  Esq.,  of  the  New  England  Historic- 
Genealogical  Society,  by  whose  kindness  the  writer  was  fur- 
nished with  the  valuable  letter  from  David  McClure  to  Gen- 
eral Knox,  and  Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  D.  D.,  and  Dr.  Samuel 
A.  Green,  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  to  whom 
he  is  indebted  for  the  invaluable  list  of  English  donations 
given  in  the  Appendix.     Valuable  aid  has  been  rendered  also 
by  Messrs.  Kimball  and  Secor,  of  the  New  Hampshire  State 
and  State  Historical  Society  Libraries,  at  Concord.     In  this 
connection  the  well  known  names  of  W.  S.  Butler,  Prof.  F.  B. 
Dexter,  Hon.  C.  J.  Hoadley,  F.  B.  Perkins,  Hon.  J.  Ham- 
mond Trumbull,  and  Hon.  E.  P.  Walton  also  deserve  notice. 
The  writer  is  deeply  indebted  to  Hon.  John  Wentworth,  of 
Chicago,  for  his  kindness  in  examining  the  more  important 
portions  of  the  work  previous  to  its  publication. 

For  the  carefully-prepared  draught  of  the  original  college 
edifice,  the  writer  is  indebted  to  the  artistic  skill  of  Mr.  Ar- 
thur Bruce  Colburn. 

In  closing,  especial  mention  should  be  made  of  the  kind- 
ness of  Prof.  Charles  Hammond,  Marcus  D.  Gilman,  Esq., 
and  others  representing  the  family  of  the  founder,  of  the 
family  of  Hon.  Elisha  Payne,  an  early  and  honored  Trustee, 
of  the  Trustees  and  Faculty  of  the  college,  and  the  courteous 
liberality  of  the  publishers. 

BAXTER  P.  SMITH. 

BROOKLLNE,  MASS.,  June,  1878. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

PAGE 

INTRODUCTION 1 

CHAPTER  II. 

ANCESTRY  AND  EARLY  LIFE  OF  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK.  —  His  SETTLE- 
MENT AT  LEBANON.  —  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  INDIAN  CHARITY 
SCHOOL.  —  MR,  JOSHUA  MORE 6 

CHAPTER  III. 

EDUCATION  IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  —  ACTION  IN  REGARD  TO  A  COL- 
LEGE.—  TESTIMONIAL  OF  CONNECTICUT  CLERGYMEN.  —  LEGISLATIVE 
GRANT  TO  MR.  WHEELOCK 15 

CHAPTER  IV. 

A  COLLEGE  CONTEMPLATED  BY  MR.  WHEELOCK.  —  LORD  DART- 
MOUTH.—  OCCOM  AND  WHITAKER  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN  .  .  23 

CHAPTER  V. 

SIR  WILLIAM  JOHNSON.  —  EXPLORATIONS  FOR  A  LOCATION.  —  ADVICE 
OF  ENGLISH  TRUSTEES 29 

CHAPTER  VI. 
A  COLLEGE  CHARTER 40 

CHAPTER  VII. 

PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK'S  PERSONAL  EXPLORATIONS  IN  NEW  HAMP- 
SHIRE. —  LOCATION  AT  HANOVER 49 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

COMMENCEMENT  OF  OPERATIONS.  —  COURSE  OF  STUDY.  —  POLICY  OF 
ADMINISTRATION 57 

CHAPTER  IX. 

PROGRESS  TO  THE  DEATH  OF  PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK. — PROMINENT 
FEATURES  OF  HIS  CHARACTER  .  65 


VI  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  X. 

PROGRESS  DURING  THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  SECOND  PRESIDENT, 
JOHN  WHEELOCK 76 

CHAPTER  XL 

LACK  OP  HARMONY  BETWEEN  PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK  AND  OTHER 
TRUSTEES. — REMOVAL  OP  THE  PRESIDENT  PROM  OFPICE. — ESTI- 
MATE OP  HIS  CHARACTER 88 

CHAPTER  XII. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  PRESIDENT  BROWN.  —  CONTEST  BETWEEN  THE 
COLLEGE  AND  THE  STATE.  —  TRIUMPH  OF  THE  COLLEGE  .  .  .  100 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

CHARACTER  OP  PRESIDENT  BROWN.  —  TRIBUTES  BY  PROFESSOR  HAD- 
DOCK AND  RUPUS  CHOATE 117 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

PROGRESS  PROM  1820  TO  1828.  —  ADMINISTRATIONS  OF  PRESIDENT 
DANA  AND  PRESIDENT  TYLER 126 

CHAPTER  XV. 
INAUGURATION  OF  PRESIDENT  LORD 143 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

THE  POLICY  OP  THE  COLLEGE,  ITS  PROGRESS  AND  ENLARGEMENT 
UNDER  PRESIDENT  LORD'S  ADMINISTRATION  PROM  1828  TO  1863  .  157 

CHAPTER  XVII, 
CHARACTER  OP  PRESIDENT  LORD 168 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 
ADMINISTRATION  OF  PRESIDENT  SMITH 177 

.CHAPTER  XIX. 
INAUGURATION  OF  PRESIDENT  BARTLETT 190 

CHAPTER  XX. 

PROF.  JOHN  SMITH.  —  PROP.  SYLVANUS  RIPLEY.  —  PROF.  BEZALEEL 
WOODWARD 211 

CHAPTER  XXI. 
PROP.  JOHN  HUBBARD.  —  PROP.  ROSWELL  SHURTLEFP    ....  225 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

PROF.  EBENEZER  ADAMS.  —  PROF.  ZEPHANIAH  S.  MOORE.  —  PROF. 
CHARLES  B.  HADDOCK .241 


CONTENTS.  vii 

CHAPTER  XXIII. 

PROF.  WILLIAM  CHAMBERLAIN.  —  PROF.  DANIEL  OLIVER.  —  PROF. 
JAMES  FREEMAN  DANA 256 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

PROF.  BENJAMIN  HALE.  —  PROF.  ALPHEUS  CROSBY.  —  PROF.  IRA 
YOUNG 276 

CHAPTER  XXV. 

PROF.  STEPHEN  CHASE. — PROF.  DAVII>  PEABODT. — PROF.  WILLIAM 
COGSWELL 298 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 

PROF.  JOHN  NEWTON  PUTNAM.  —  PROF.  JOHN  S.  WOODMAN.  —  PROF. 
CLEMENT  LONG.  —  OTHER  TEACHERS 316 

CHAPTER  XXVII. 

MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  —  PROFESSORS  NATHAN  SMITH,  REUBEN  D. 
MUSSEY,  DIXI  CROSBY,  EDMUND  R.  PEASLEE,  ALBERT  SMITH,  AND 
ALPHEUS  B.  CROSBY  —  OTHER  TEACHERS 339 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

THE  CHANDLER  SCIENTIFIC  DEPARTMENT.  —  THE  AGRICULTURAL  DE- 
PARTMENT.—  THE  THAYER  DEPARTMENT  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERING  .  367 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 
BENEFACTORS.  —  TRUSTEES 380 

CHAPTER  XXX. 
LABORS  OF  DARTMOUTH  ALUMNI.  —  CONCLUSION 395 


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DARTMOUTH    COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER   I. 

INTRODUCTION. 

THE  most  valuable  part  of  a  nation's  history  portrays  its 
institutions  of  learning  and  religion. 

The  alumni  of  a  college  which  has  moulded  the  intellectual 
and  moral  character  of  not  a  few  of  the  illustrious  living,  or 
the  more  illustrious  dead,  —  the  oldest  college  in  the  valley  of 
the  Connecticut,  and  the  only  college  in  an  ancient  and  hon- 
ored State,  —  would  neglect  a  most  fitting  and  beautiful  ser- 
vice, should  they  suffer  the  cycles  of  a  century  to  pass,  with- 
out gathering  in  some  modest  urn  the  ashes  of  its  revered 
founders,  or  writing  on  some  modest  tablet  the  names  of  its 
most  distinguished  sons. 

The  germ  of  Dartmouth  College  was  a  deep-seated  and 
long-cherished  desire,  of  the  foremost  of  its  founders,  to  ele- 
vate the  Indian  race  in  America. 

The  Christian  fathers  of  New  England  were  not  unmind- 
ful of  the  claims  of  the  Aborigines.  The  well-directed, 
patient,  and  successful  labors  of  the  Eliots,  Cotton,  and  the 
Mayhews,  and  the  scarcely  less  valuable  labors  of  Treat  and 
others,  fill  a  bright  page  in  the  religious  history  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  To  numerous  congregations  of  red  men 
the  gospel  was  preached;  many  were  converted;  churches 
were  gathered,  and  the  whole  Bible  —  the  first  printed  in 
America  —  was  given  them  in  their  own  language. 

This  interest  in  the  Indian  was  not  confined  to  our  own 
country,  in  the  earlier  periods  of  our  history.  In  Great 
Britain,  sovereigns,  ecclesiastics,  and  philosophers  recognized 
i 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

providentially  imposed  upon  them,  to  aid 
a$  giving  a  Christian  civilization  to  their  swarthy  breth- 
/relv  who  were  \sjttting  in  the  thickest  darkness  of  heathen- 
ism in  the  primeval  forests  of  the  New  World.  Societies, 
as  well  as  individuals,  manifested  a  deep  and  practical  interest 
in  the  work. 

We  can  only  touch  upon  some  of  the  more  salient  points  of 
this  subject.  But  it  is  especially  worthy  of  note,  that  the  ele- 
vation of  the  Indian  race,  by  the  education  of  its  youth,  was 
not  an  idea  of  New  England,  nor  indeed  of  American,  birth. 

In  Stith's  "  History  of  Virginia  "  (p.  162),  we  find  in  sub- 
stance the  following  statements  :  At  an  early  period  in  the 
history  of  this  State,  attempts  were  made  to  establish  an  in- 
stitution of  learning  of  a  high  order.  In  1619,  the  treasurer 
of  the  Virginia  Company,  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  received  from 
an  unknown  hand  five  hundred  pounds,  to  be  applied  by  the 
Company  to  the  education  of  a  certain  number  of  Indian 
youths  in  the  English  language  and  in  the  Christian  religion. 
Other  sums  of  money  were  also  procured,  and  there  was  a 
prospect  of  being  able  to  raise  four  or  five  thousand  pounds, 
for  the  endowment  of  a  college.  The  king  favored  the  design, 
and  recommended  to  the  bishops  to  have  collections  made  in 
their  dioceses,  and  some  fifteen  hundred  pounds  were  gathered 
on  this  recommendation.  The  college  was  designed  for  the 
instruction  of  English,  as  well  as  Indian,  youths.  The  Com- 
pany appropriated  ten  thousand  acres  of  land  to  this  purpose, 
at  Henrico,  on  James  River,  a  little  below  the  present  site  of 
Richmond.  The  plan  of  the  college  was,  to  place  tenants  at 
halves  on  these  lands,  and  to  derive  its  income  from  the  profits. 
The  enterprise  was  abandoned  in  consequence  of  the  great 
Indian  massacre,  in  1622,  although  operations  had  been  com- 
menced, and  a  competent  person  had  been  secured  to  act  as 
president.  This  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  effort  to 
found  a  college  in  America. 

Passing  to  the  middle  of  the  century,  we  find  the  distin- 
guished Christian  philosopher,  Robert  Boyle,  appointed  gov- 
ernor of  "  a  company  incorporated  for  the  propagation  of  the 
gospel  among  the  heathen  natives  of  New  England,  and  the 
parts  adjacent  in  America,"  and  that,  after  his  decease,  in 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  3 

1691,  a  portion  of  his  estate  was  given,  by  the  executors  of 
his  will,  to  William  and  Mary's  College,  which  was  possibly, 
in  a  measure,  the  outgrowth  of  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Sandys  and 
his  coadjutors,  for  the  support  of  Indian  students. 

In  1728,  Col.  William  Byrd,  in  writing  upon  this  subject, 
laments  "  the  bad  success  Mr.  Boyle's  charity  has  had  in  con- 
verting the  natives,"  which  was  owing  in  part,  at  least,  to  the 
fact,  that  the  interest  of  their  white  brethren  in  their  welfare 
was  confined  chiefly  to  their  residence  at  college. 

Pursuing  these  researches,  we  come  to  the  name  of  another 
distinguished  British  scholar  and  divine,  George  Berkeley,  who 
has  been  styled  "  the  philosopher  "  of  the  reign  of  George  II. 

We  quote  a  portion  of  a  letter  relating  to  his  educational 
plans,  from  Dean  Swift  to  Lord  Carteret,  Lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land, dated  Sept.  3,  1724,  in  which  he  says : 

"  He  showed  me  a  little  tract  which  he  designs  to  publish, 
and  there  your  Excellency  will  see  his  whole  scheme  of  a  life 
academico-philosophic,  of  a  college  at  Bermuda  for  Indian 
scholars  and  missionaries.  I  discourage  him  by  the  coldness 
of  courts  and  ministers,  who  will  interpret  all  this  as  impos- 
sible and  a  vision,  but  nothing  will  do.  And  therefore  I  do 
humbly  entreat  your  Excellency  either  to  use  such  persua- 
sions as  will  keep  one  of  the  first  men  in  this  kingdom  for 
learning  and  virtue  quiet  at  home,  or  assist  him  by  your  credit 
to  compass  his  romantic  design,  which,  however,  is  very  noble 
and  generous,  and  directly  proper  for  a  great  person  of  your 
excellent  education  to  encourage." 

The  pamphlet  alluded  to  begins,  as  one  of  his  biographers 
informs  us,  by  lamenting  u  that  there  is  at  this  day  little  sense 
of  religion  and  a  most  notorious  corruption  of  manners  in  the 
English  colonies  settled  on  the  continent  of  America,  and  the 
islands,"  and  that  "  the  Gospel  hath  hitherto  made  but  very 
inconsiderable  progress  among  the  neighboring  Americans,  who 
still  continue  in  much  the  same  ignorance  and  barbarism  in 
which  we  found  them  above  a  hundred  years  ago."  After 
stating  what  he  believes  to  be  the  causes  of  this  state  of  things, 
he  propounds  his  plan  of  training  young  natives,  as  missionaries 
to  their  countrymen,  and  educating  "the  youth  of  our  English 
plantations,"  to  fill  the  pulpits  of  the  colonial  churches.  His 


4  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

biographer  is  doubtless  correct  in  the  opinion,  that  "  it  was  on 
the  savages,  evidently,  that  he  had  his  heart." 

He  obtained  a  charter  from  the  crown  for  his  proposed  col- 
lege, and  a  promise,  never  fulfilled,  of  large  pecuniary  aid 
from  the  government,  and  early  in  1729  he  arrived  in  America, 
settling  temporarily  at  Newport,  R.  I.  Failing  to  accomplish 
his  purpose,  he  remained  in  this  country  but  two  or  three 
years,  yet  long  enough  to  form  the  acquaintance  of  many 
eminent  men,  and  among  them  President  Williams,  of  Yale 
College. 

Finding  that  there  was  no  prospect  of  receiving  the  promised 
aid  for  his  college,  Berkeley  returned  to  England  in  1731. 
Soon  after,  in  addition  to  a  large  and  valuable  donation  of 
books  for  the  library,  he  sent  as  a  gift,  to  Yale,  a  deed  of 
his  farm  in  Rhode  Island,  the  rents  of  which  he  directed  to 
be  appropriated  to  the  maintenance  or  aid  of  meritorious  resi- 
dent graduates  or  under-graduates. 

Although  he  failed  to  carry  out  his  plan  of  establishing  a 
college  himself,  in  America,  perhaps  he  "  builded  better  than 
he  knew."  Most  fitting  is  it,  as  we  shall  see  hereafter,  for 
the  current  literature  of  our  day  to  place  in  intimate  associa- 
tion, the  names  of  Boyle,  Berkeley,  and  Dartmouth. 

Passing  to  1734,  we  find  Rev.  John  Sergeant  commencing 
missionary  labor  among  the  Indians  at  Stockbridge,  Mass. 
After  a  trial  of  a  few  years,  he  writes  in  a  manner  showing 
very  plainly  that  he  believes  civilization  essential  to  any  per- 
manent success.  In  one  of  his  letters  to  Rev.  Dr.  Colman, 
of  Boston,  he  says :  "  What  I  propose,  in  general,  is,  to  take 
such  a  method  in  the  education  of  our  Indian  children  as 
shall  in  the  most  effectual  manner  change  their  whole  manner 
of  thinking  and  acting,  and  raise  them  as  far  as  possible  into 
the  condition  of  a  civil,  industrious,  and  polished  people,  while 
at  the  same  time  the  principles  of  virtue  and  piety  shall  be 
instilled  into  their  minds  in  a  way  that  will  make  the  most 
lasting  impression,  and  withal  to  introduce  the  English  lan- 
guage among  them  instead  of  their  own  barbarous  dialect." 

"  And  now  to  accomplish  this  design,  I  propose  to  procure 
an  accommodation  of  200  acres  of  land  in  this  place  (which 
may  be  had  gratis  of  the  Indian  proprietors),  and  to  erect  a 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  5 

house  on  it  such  as  shall  be  thought  convenient  for  a  begin- 
ning, and  in  it  to  maintain  a  number  of  children  and  youth." 
He  proposes  "  to  have  their  time  so  divided  between  study 
and  labor  that  one  shall  be  the  diversion  of  the  other,  so  that 
as  little  time  as  possible  may  be  lost  in  idleness,"  and,  "  to 
take  into  the  number,  upon  certain  conditions,  youths  from 
any  of  the  other  tribes  around."  His  plan  included  both  sexes. 
Mr.  Sergeant  died  in  1749.  Besides  accomplishing  much  him- 
self, he  laid  the  foundations  for  the  subsequent  labors  of  Jon- 
athan Edwards. 

This  rapid  glance  at  the  earlier  efforts  in  behalf  of  the 
Aborigines  of  our  country,  shows  that  the  next  actor  upon  the 
stage,  undaunted  by  any  lack  of  success  on  their  part,  meas- 
urably followed  in  the  footsteps  of  learned  and  philanthropic 
predecessors. 


CHAPTER   II. 

ANCESTRY  AND  EARLY  LIFE  OF  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK.  — 
HIS  SETTLEMENT  AT  LEBANON,  CONN.  — ESTABLISHMENT 
OF  THE  INDIAN  CHARITY  SCHOOL.  — MR.  JOSHUA  MORE. 

ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK,  the  leading  founder  of  Dartmouth 
College,  was  a  great-grandson  of  Ralph  Wheelock,  a  native  of 
Shropshire,  in  England,  through  whom  Dartmouth  traces  her 
academic  ancestry  to  the  ancient  and  venerable  Clare  Hall,  at 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  in  1626,  the  contemporary 
of  Thomas  Dudley,  Samuel  Eaton,  John  Milton,  John  Norton, 
Thomas  Shepard,  and  Samuel  Stone. 

Coming  a  few  years  later  to  this  country,  he  became  a  use- 
ful and  an  honored  citizen  of  the  then  new,  but  now  old, 
historic  town  of  Dedham,  from  which  place  he  removed  to 
Medfield,  being  styled  "  founder  "  of  that  town,  where  he  re- 
mained till  his  death.  He  devoted  his  time  largely  to  teach- 
ing, although,  having  been  educated  for  the  ministry,  he  ren- 
dered valuable  service  to  the  infant  community  as  an  occasional 
preacher.  His  name  is  also  conspicuous  among  the  magis- 
trates and  legislators  of  that  period.1 

In  the  character  of  his  son,  Eleazar  Wheelock,  of  Mendon, 
we  are  told  there  was  a  union  of  "  the  Christian  and  the 
soldier."  Having  command  of  a  corps  of  cavalry,  he  was 
"  very  successful  in  repelling  the  irruptions  of  the  Indians," 
although  he  treated  them  with  "  great  kindness,"  in  times  of 
peace.  From  him,  his  grandson  and  namesake  received  u  a 
handsome  legacy  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  his  public 
education,"  and  from  him,  too,  he  doubtless  acquired,  in  some 

1  His  daughter  Rebecca  married  John  Craft,  whose  birth  is  the  earliest  on 
record  among  the  pioneer  settlers  at  Roxbury.  Some  of  his  descendants  (by  an- 
other marriage)  are  conspicuous  in  history  Medfield  records  connect  the  names 
of  Fuller,  Chenery,  and  Morse  with  the  Wheelock  family. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  7 

measure,  that  peculiar  interest  in  the  Indian  race  which  so 
largely  moulded  his  character  and  guided  the  labors  of  his 
life. 

Near  the  time  of  Ralph  Wheelock's  arrival  in  America, 
were  two  other  arrivals  worthy  of  notice  :  that  of  Thomas 
Hooker,  at  Cambridge,  "  the  one  rich  pearl  with  which 
Europe  more  than  repaid  America  for  the  treasures  from 
her  coasts,"  and  that  of  the  widowed  Margaret  Huntington, 
at  Roxbury,  of  which  there  is  still  a  well-preserved  record, 
in  the  handwriting  of  John  Eliot.  The  guiding  and  control- 
ling influence  of  Hooker's  masterly  mind  upon  all,  whether 
laymen  or  divines,  with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  must  be 
apparent  to  those  who  are  familiar  with  the  biography  of  one, 
to  whom  the  learned  and  religious  institutions  of  New  Eng- 
land are  more  indebted,  perhaps,  than  to  any  other  single 
person.  Hooker's  settlement  at  Hartford  is  fitly  styled  "  the 
founding  of  Connecticut." 

When  a  little  later  the  family  of  Margaret  Huntington  set- 
tled at  Say  brook,  their  youthful  pastor,  who  was  just  gather- 
ing a  church,  was  James  Fitch,  a  worthy  pupil  of  Thomas 
Hooker.  Not  satisfied  with  their  location,  pastor  and  people 
sought  an  inland  home,  and  in  1660  laid  the  foundations  of- 
what  is  now  the  large  and  flourishing  town  of  Norwich. 
From  this  time  Huntington  and  Fitch  are  honored  names 
in  the  history  of  Connecticut. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  after  the  settlement  of  Norwich, 
an  English  refugee  from  religious  oppression  began  the  settle- 
ment of  the  neighboring  town  of  Windham.  To  this  place, 
Ralph  Wheelock  the  younger,  a  grandson  of  the  Dedham 
teacher  and  preacher,  was  attracted,  marrying  about  the  same 
time,  Ruth,  daughter  of  Dea.  Christopher  Huntington,  of  Nor- 
wich. Mr.  Ralph  Wheelock  was  a  respectable  farmer,  uni- 
versally esteemed  for  his  hospitality,  his  piety,  and  the  vir- 
tues that  adorn  the  Christian  character,  and  in  his  later  years 
was  an  officer  of  the  church. 

Of  Mrs.  Wheelock,  it  is  said  :  l  "  Every  tradition  respecting 
her  makes  her  a  woman  of  unusual  intelligence  and  rare  piety. 
Her  home,  the  main  theatre  of  her  life,  was  blessed  equally  by 
her  timely  instructions,  her  holy  example,  and  the  administra- 

1  Huntington  Family  Memoir,  p.  78. 


8  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

tion  of  a  gentle  yet  firm  discipline."  Their  son  Eleazar  was 
born  at  Windham,  April  22,  1711. 

The  first  minister  of  this  honored  town  was  Rev.  Samuel 
Whiting,  a  native  of  Hartford,  and  trained  in  the  "  Hooker 
School."  For  a  helpmeet  he  had  secured  a  lineal  descendant 
of  that  noble  and  revered  puritan,  Gov.  Wm.  Bradford.  The 
labors  of  this -worthy  pair  were  largely  blessed  to  their  people. 
At  one  period,  in  a  population  of  hundreds,  it  is  said  "the 
town  did  not  contain  a  single  prayerless  family." 

Thus  kindly  and  wisely  did  the  Master  arrange,  by  long 
and  closely  blended  lines  of  events,  that  the  most  genial  influ- 
ences should  surround  the  cradle  of  one  for  whom  He  de- 
signed eminent  service  and  peculiar  honor. 

The  mother  of  Eleazar  Wheelock  having  died  in  1725,  for 
a  second  wife  his  father  married  a  lady  named  Standish,  a  de- 
scendant of  Myles  Standish,  whose  heroic  character  she  per- 
haps impressed,  in  some  measure,  upon  her  adopted  son. 
"  Being  an  only  son,"  says  his  biographer,1  "  and  discovering, 
at  an  early  age,  a  lively  genius,  a  taste  for  learning,  with  a 
very  amiable  disposition,  he  was  placed  by  his  father  under 
the  best  instructors  that  could  then  be  obtained."  At  "  about 
the  age  of  sixteen,  while  qualifying  himself  for  admission 
to  college,  it  pleased  God  to  impress  his  mind  with  serious  con- 
cern for  his  salvation.  After  earnest,  prayerful  inquiry,  he 
was  enlightened  and  comforted  with  that  hope  in  the  Saviour, 
which  afterwards  proved  the  animating  spring  of  his  abundant 
labors  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  mankind."  At  the 
time  of  his  admission  to  the  Windham  church,  the  distin- 
guished Thomas  Clap  was  its  pastor. 

Having  made  the  requisite  preparation,  he  entered  Yale 
College,  of  which  President  Williams  was  then  at  the  head, 
"  with  a  resolution  to  devote  himself  to  the  work  of  the  Gospel 
ministry."  Among  his  college  contemporaries  were  Joseph 
Bellamy  and  President  Aaron  Burr. 

"  His  proficiency  in  study,  and  his  exemplary  deportment, 
engaged  the  notice  and  esteem  of  the  rector  and  instructors, 
and  the  love  of  the  students.  He  and  his  future  brother-in- 
law,  the  late  Rev.  Doctor  Pomeroy  of  Hebron,  in  Connecticut, 
were  the  first  who  received  the  interest  of  the  legacy,  gen- 
1  Memoirs  of  Wheelock,  by  McClure  and  Parish. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  9 

erously  given  by  the  Rev.  Dean  Berkeley,"  for  excellence  in 
classical  scholarship. 

Soon  after  his  graduation,  in  1733,  he  commenced  preaching. 
Having  declined  a  call  from  Long  Island,  to  settle  in  the 
ministry,  he  accepted  a  unanimous  invitation  from  the  Second 
Congregational  Society  in  Lebanon,  Connecticut,  and  was  or- 
dained in  June,  1735. 

This  town  occupies  a  conspicuous  place  in  American  history  ; 
for,  whoever  traces  the  lineage  of  some  of  the  most  illus- 
trious names  that  grace  its  pages,  finds  his  path  lying  to  or 
through  this  "  valley  of  cedars,"  in  Eastern  Connecticut.  Here 
the  patient,  heroic  Huguenot  aided  in  laying  foundations  for 
all  good  institutions.  Here  the  learned,  indefatigable  Tis- 
dale  taught  with  distinguished  success.  Here  lived  those 
eminent  patriots,  the  Trumbulls.  By  birth  or  ancestry,  the 
honored  names  of  Sm alley,  Ticknor,  Marsh,  and  Mason,  are 
associated  with  this  venerable  town. 

Mr.  Wheelock's  parish  was  in  the  northern  and  most  re- 
tired part  of  the  town,  and  the  least  inviting,  perhaps,  in  its 
physical  aspects  and  natural  resources.  The  products  of  a 
rugged  soil  furnished  the  industrious  inhabitants  with  a  com- 
fortable subsistence,  but  left  nothing  for  luxury.  It  was  at 
that  period  a  quiet  agricultural  community,  living  largely 
within  itself.  As  at  the  present  day,  there  was  but  one  church 
within  the  territorial  limits  of  the  parish.  The  "  council  of 
nine,"  selected  from  the  more  discreet  of  the  male  members, 
somewhat  in  accordance  with  Presbyterian  usage,  aided  in 
the  administration  of  a  careful  and  thorough  discipline. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Mr.  Wheelock  was  accounted 
one  of  the  leading  preachers  and  divines  of  his  day.  Both  as 
a  pastor,  and  the  associate  of  the  eminent  men  who  were 
prominent  in  the  great  revival  which  marked  the  middle  of 
the  last  century,  his  labors  were  crowned  with  large  success. 
Rev.  Dr.  Burroughs,  who  knew  him  intimately,  says  :  "  As  a 
preacher,  his  aim  was  to  reach  the  conscience.  He  studied 
great  plainness  of  speech,  and  adapted  his  discourse  to  every 
capacity,  that  he  might  be  understood  by  all."  His  pupil,  Dr. 
Trumbull,  the  historian,  says  :  "  He  was  a  gentleman  of  a 
comety  figure,  of  a  mild  and  winning  aspect,  his  voice  smooth 


10  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

and  harmonious,  the  best  by  far  that  I  ever  heard.  He  had 
the  entire  command  of  it.  His  gesture  was  natural,  but  not 
redundant.  His  preaching  and  addresses  were  close  and  pun- 
gent, and  yet  winning  beyond  almost  all  comparison."  1  By 
an  intermarriage  of  their  relatives,  he  was  allied  to  the  family 
of  Jonathan  Edwards,  whose  high  regard  for  him  is  sufficiently 
indicated  in  a  letter  dated  Northampton,  June  9,  1741,  from 
which  we  make  brief  extracts.  "  There  has  been  a  reviving 
of  religion  of  late  amongst  us,  but  your  labors  have  been  much 
more  remarkably  blessed  than  mine.  May  God  send  you 
hither  with  the  like  blessing  as  He  has  sent  you  to  some  other 
places,  and  may  ybur  coming  be  a  means  to  humble  me  for  my 
barrenness  and  unprofitableness,  and  a  means  of  my  instruc- 
tion and  enlivening.  I  want  an  opportunity  to  concert  meas- 
ures with  you,  for  the  advancement  of  the  kingdom  and  glory 
of  the  Redeemer." 

We  are  fortunate  in  having  the  testimony  of  a  member  of 
his  own  family,  in  regard  to  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Wheelock's 
more  practical  interest  in  the  unfortunate  Aborigines.  His 
grandson,  Rev.  William  Patten,  D.  D.,  says,2  "  One  evening 
after  a  religious  conference  with  a  number  of  his  people  at 
Lebanon,  he  walked  out,  as  he  usually  did  on  summer  even- 
ings, for  meditation  and  prayer;  and  in  his  retirement  his 
attention  was  led  to  the  neglect  [from  lack  of  means]  of  his 
people  in  providing  for  his  support.  It  occurred  to  him,  with 
peculiar  clearness,  that  if  they  furnished  him  with  but  half  a 
living,  they  were  entitled  to  no  more  than  half  his  labors. 
And  he  concluded  that  they  were  left  to  such  neglect,  to  teach 
him  that  part  of  his  labors  ought  to  be  directed  to  other  ob- 
jects. He  then  inquired  what  -objects  were  most  in  want  of 
assistance.  And  it  occurred  to  him,  almost  instantaneously, 
that  the  Indians  were  the  most  proper  objects  of  the  charita- 
ble attention  of  Christians.  He  then  determined  to  devote 
half  of  his  time  to  them." 

We  will  now  allow  this  eminent  Christian  philanthropist  to 
speak  for  himself.  In  his  "  Narrative,"  for  the  period  ending 

1  The  venerable  Prof.  Stowe  states  that,  when  a  professor  in  the  College,  he  was 
informed  by  an  aged  man,  living  in  the  vicinity,  that  President  Wheelock's  earnest- 
ness in  preaching  at  times  led  him  to  leave  the  pulpit,  and  appeal  to  individuals 
in  his  audience. 

2  Memoirs  of  Wheelock,  p.  177. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  11 

in  1762,  after  referring  to  the  too  general  lack  of  interest  in 
the  Indian,  he  says  : 

"  It  has  seemed  to  me,  he  must  be  stupidly  indifferent  to 
the  Redeemer's  cause  and  interest  in  the  world,  and  criminally 
deaf  and  blind  to  the  intimations  of  the  favor  and  displeasure 
of  God  in  the  dispensations  of  His  Providence,  who  could  not 
perceive  plain  intimations  of  God's  displeasure  against  us  for 
this  neglect,  inscribed  in  capitals,  on  the  very  front  of  divine 
dispensations,  from  year  to  year,  in  permitting  the  savages  to 
be  such  a  sore  scourge  to  our  land,  and  make  such  depreda- 
tions on  our  frontiers,  inhumanly  butchering  and  captivating 
our  people,  not  only  in  a  time  of  war,  but  when  we  had  good 
reason  to  think  (if  ever  we  had)  that  we  dwelt  safely  by  them. 
And  there  is  good  reason  to  think  that  if  one  half  which 
has  been  expended  for  so  many  years  past  in  building  forts, 
manning,  and  supporting  them,  had  been  prudently  laid  out 
in  supporting  faithful  missionaries  and  schoolmasters  among 
them,  the  instructed  and  civilized  party  would  have  been  a 
far  better  defence  than  all  our  expensive  fortresses,  and  pre- 
vented the  laying  waste  so  many  towns  and  villages  ;  witness 
the  consequence  of  sending  Mr.  Sergeant  to  Stockbridge, 
which  was  in  the  very  road  by  which  they  most  usually  came 
upon  our  people,  and  by  which  there  has  never  been  one  at- 
tack made  upon  us  since  his  going  there."  After  referring 
to  the  ordinary  obligations  of  humanity,  patriotism,  and  re- 
ligion, he  says  : 

"  As  there  were  few  or  none  who  seemed  to  lay  the  neces- 
sity and  importance  of  Christianizing  the  natives  so  much  to 
heart  as  to  exert  themselves  in  earnest  and  lead  the  way 
therein,  I  was  naturally  put  upon  consideration  and  inquiry 
what  methods  might  have  the  greatest  probability  of  success ; 
and  upon  the  whole  was  fully  persuaded  that  this,  which  I  have 
been  pursuing,  had  by  far  the  greatest  probability  of  any  that 
had  been  proposed,  viz.  :  by  the  mission  of  their  own  [educated] 
sons  in  conjunction  with  the  English  ;  and  that  a  number  of 
girls  should  also  be  instructed  in  whatever  should  be  neces- 
sary to  render  them  fit  to  perform  the  female  part,  as  house- 
wives, school-mistresses,  and  tailoresses.  The  influence  of 
their  own  sons  among  them  will  likely  be  much  greater  than 


12  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

of  any  Englishmen  whatsoever.  There  is  no  such  thing  as 
sending  English  missionaries,  or  setting  up  English  schools 
among  them,  to  any  good  purpose,  in  most  places,  as  their 
temper,  state,  and  condition  have  been  and  still  are."  In  il- 
lustration of  his  theory,  he  refers  to  the  education,  by  the 
assistance  of  the  u  Honorable  London  Commissioners,"  1  of  Mr. 
Samson  Occom,  "  one  of  the  Mohegan  tribe,  who  has  several 
years  been  a  useful  school-master  and  successful  preacher  of 
the  Gospel."  2 

"After  seeing  the  success  of  this  attempt,"  he  continues, 
"  I  was  more  encouraged  to  hope  that  such  a  method  might 
be  very  successful,  and  above  eight  years  ago  I  wrote  to  Rev. 
John  Brainerd  [brother  of  the  distinguished  David  Brainerd], 
missionary  in  New  Jersey,  desiring  him  to  send  me  two  likely 
boys  for  this  purpose,  of  the  Delaware  tribe.  He  accordingly 
sent  me  John  Pumpshire  in  the  fourteenth,  and  Jacob  Wool- 
ley  in  the  eleventh  years  of  their  age.  They  arrived  Decem- 
ber 18,  1754. 

"  Sometime  after  these  boys  came,  the  affair  appearing  with 
an  agreeable  aspect,  I  represented  it  to  Col.  Elisha  Williams, 
late  Rector  of  Yale  College,  and  Rev.  Messrs.  Samuel  Mose- 
ley,  of  Windham,  and  Benjamin  Pomeroy,  of  Hebron,  and  in- 
vite'd  them  to  join  me.  They  readily  accepted  the  invitation. 
And  Mr.  Joshua  Moor,3  late  of  Mansfield,  deceased,  appeared, 
to  give  a  small  tenement  in  this  place  [Lebanon],  for  the- 
foundation,  use  and  support  of  a  charity  school,  for  the  edu- 
cation of  Indian  youth,  etc."  Mr.  More's  grant  contained 
"  about  two  acres  of  pasturing,  and  a  small  house  and  shop," 
near  Mr.  Wheelock's  residence. 

This  gentleman  was  one  of  the  more  prominent  of  the  early 
settlers  at  Mansfield.  He  owned  and  resided  upon  a  large 
estate  on  the  Willimantic  river,  a  few  miles  north  of  the 
present  site  of  the  village  bearing  that  name.  There  is  suffi- 
cient evidence  to  warrant  the  belief,  that  the  first  husband  of 
Mr.  More's  mother  was  Mr.  Thomas  Howard  (or  Harwood), 

1  Agents  of  the  Corporation  in  London  referred  to  on  page  2,  of  which  Robert 
Boyle  was  governor. 

2  See  Appendix. 

3  Mr.  M.'s  own  orthography  is  More. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  13 

of  Norwich,  who  was  slain  in  the  memorable  fight  at  Narra- 
gansett  Fort,  in  December,  1675,  and  that  her  maiden  name 
was  Mary  Well  man.  From  the  church  records,  he  appears 
to  have  been  of  a  professedly  religious  character,  as  early  as 
1721.  As  his  residence  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mr. 
Wheelock's  early  home,  and  but  little  farther  removed  from 
Lebanon  "  Crank,"  as  the  north  parish'  in  that  town  was 
styled,  Mr.  More  had  ample  opportunities  for  a  thorough  ac- 
quaintance with'  the  person  to  whom  he  now  generously  ex- 
tended a  helping  hand.  It  is  not  known  that  this  worthy 
man  left  any  posterity,  to  perpetuate  a  name  which  will  be 
cherished  with  tender  regard,  so  long  as  the  institution  to 
which  he  furnished  a  home,  in  its  infancy,  shall  have  an  ex- 
istence. 

In  a  summary  of  his  work  for  the  eight  years,  Mr.  Whee- 
lock  says  :  "  I  have  had  two  upon  my  hands  since  1754,  four 
since  April,  1757,  five  since  April,  1759,  seven  since  Novem- 
ber, 1760,  and  eleven  since  August,  1761.  And  for  some 
time  I  have  had  twenty-five,  three  of  the  number  English 
youth.  One  of  the  Indian  lads,  Jacob  Woolley,  is  now  in  his 
last  year  at  New  Jersey  College." 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  Occom  would  have  taken  a 
collegiate  course,  but  for  the  partial  failure  of  his  health.  On 
the  whole,  we  are  fully  warranted  in  the  opinion  that,  from 
the  outset,  Mr.  Wheelock  designed  to  have  all  his  missiona- 
ries, whether  Indian  or  English,  "  thoroughly  furnished  "  for 
their  work. 

Before  closing  the  u  Narrative,"  he  gives  an  interesting  ac- 
count of  material  resources. 

u  The  Honorable  London  Commissioners,  hearing  of  the 
design,  inquired  into  it,  and  encouraged  it  by  an  allowance  of 
£12  lawful  money,  by  their  vote  November  12,  1756.  And 
again  in  the  year  1758  they  allowed  me  X20;  and  in  Novem- 
ber 4,  1760,  granted  me  an  annual  allowance  of  ,£20  for  my 
assistance;  and  in  October  8,  1761,  they  granted  me  .£12 
towards  the  support  of  Isaiah  Uncas,  son  of  the  Sachem  of 
Mohegan,  and  <£10  more  for  his  support  the  following  year. 
In  October,  1756,  I  received  a  legacy  of  fifty-nine  dollars  of 
Mrs.  Ann  Bingham,  of  Windham.  In  July,  1761,  I  received 


14  DAKTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

a  generous  donation  of  fifty  pounds  sterling  from  the  Right 
Hon.  William,  Marquis  of  Lothian  ;  and  in  November,  1761, 
a  donation  of  £25  sterling  from  Mr.  Hardy,  of  London  ;  and 
in  May,  1762,  a  second  donation  of  £50  sterling  from  that 
most  honorable  and  noble  lord,  the  Marquis  of  Lothian  ;  and, 
at  the  same  time,  ,£20  sterling  from  Mr.  Samuel  Savage,  mer- 
chant in  London  ;  and  a  collection  of  ten  guineas  from  the 
Rev.  Dr.  A.  Gifford,  in  London  ;  and  £10  sterling  more 
from  a  lady  in  London,  unknown,  which  is  still  in  the  hands 
of  a  friend,  and  to  be  remitted  with  some  additional  advan- 
tage, and  to  be  accounted  for  when  received.  And,  also,  for 
seven  years  past,  I  have,  one  year  with  another,  received  about 
£11  lawful  money,  annually,  interest  of  subscriptions.  And  in 
my  journey  to  Portsmouth  last  June,  I  received,  in  private 
donations,  £66  17s.  7  c?.,  lawful  money.  I  also  received,  for 
the  use  of  this  school,  a  bell  of  about  80  Ib.  weight,  from  a 
gentleman  in  London.  The  Honorable  Scotch  Commissioners,1 
in  and  near  Boston,  understanding  and  approving  of  the  de- 
sign of  sending  for  Indian  children  of  remote  tribes  to  be  edu- 
cated here,  were  the  first  body,  or  society,  who  have  led 
the  way  in  making  an  attempt  for  that  purpose.  While  I 
was  in  Boston  they  passed  a  vote,  May  7,  1761,  '  that  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Wheelock,  of  Lebanon,  be  desired  to  fit  out 
David  Fowler,  an  Indian  youth,  to  accompany  Mr.  Samson 
Occom,  going  on  a  mission  to  the  Oneidas;  that  said  David 
be  supported  on  said  mission  for  a  term  not  exceeding  four 
months  ;  and  that  he  endeavor,  on  his  return,  to  bring  with 
him  a  number  of  Indian  boys,  not  exceeding  three,  to  be  put 
under  Mr.  Wheelock's  care  and  instruction,  and  that  £20  be 
put  into  Mr.  Wheelock's  hands  to  carry  this  design  into  ex- 
ecution.' In  November,  1761,  the  Great  and  General  Court 
or  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  voted 
that  I  should  be  allowed  to  take  under  my  care  six  children  of 
the  Six  Nations,  for  education,  clothing,  and  boarding,  and  be 
allowed  for  that  purpose,  for  each  of  said  children,  £12  per 
annum  for  one  year."  2 

1  Agents  of  the  Scotch  "  Society  for  Propagating  Christian  Knowledge." 

2  For  tribes  represented  in  the  school,  and  other  donors  to  the  school  and  col- 
lege, see  Appendix. 


CHAPTER  III. 

EDUCATION  IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  — ACTION  IN  REGARD  TO  A 
COLLEGE.  — TESTIMONIAL  OF  CONNECTICUT  CLERGYMEN.— 
LEGISLATIVE  GRANT  TO  MR.  WHEELOCK. 

THE  importance  of  education  to  the  welfare  of  any  com- 
munity, has  been  duly  appreciated  by  the  people  of  New 
Hampshire  from  the  earliest  periods  of  her  history. 

Such  an  item  as  the  following  is  worthy  of  notice : 

"  At  a  publique  Town  Meeting  held  the  5 :  2  mo.  58  [1658,] 
It  is  agreed  that  Twenty  pounds  pr  annum  shall  be  yearly 
rayzed  for  the  mayntenance  of  a  School-master  in  the  Town 
of  Dover."1  Harvard  College  being  in  need  of  a  new  build- 
ing in  1669,  the  inhabitants  of  Portsmouth  "  subscribed  sixty 
pounds,  which  sum  they  agreed  to  pay  annually  for  seven 
years  to  the  overseers  of  Harvard  College.  Dover  gave  thirty- 
two  pounds,  and  Exeter  ten  pounds  for  the  same  purpose."  2 
Very  few  towns  at  the  present  day  are  as  liberal,  in  proportion 
to  their  ability. 

Classical  schools  were  established  in  all  the  more  populous 
towns,  and  these  were  furnished  with  competent  teachers,  who 
were  graduates  of  Harvard  College,  or  European  universities. 

In  1T58,  in  the  midst  of  the  din  and  tumult  of  the  French 
war,  we  find  the  clergy  —  ever  among  the  foremost  in  laudable 
enterprise  —  making  an  earnest  effort  for  increased  facilities 
for  liberal  education. 

We  give  official  records  : 

"  The  Convention  of  the  Congregational  Ministers  in  the 
Province  of  New  Hampshire,  being  held  at  the  house  of  the 

1  Dover  Town  Records. 

2  Adams's  Annals  of  Portsmouth,  p.  50. 


16  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Rev.  Mr.  Pike  in  Somers worth  on  the  26th  day  of  Sept.  1758 : 
The  Rev.  Joseph  Adams  was  chosen  Moderator."  After  the 
sermon  and  transaction  of  some  business : 

44  The  Convention  then  taking  into  consideration  the  great 
advantages  which  may  arise,  both  to  the  Churches  and  State 
from  the  erecting  [an]  Academy  or  College  in  this  Province, 
unanimously  Voted  that  the  following  Petition  shall  be  pre- 
ferred to  the  Governor,  desiring  him  to  grant  a  Charter  for 
said  purpose : 

44  To  his  Excellency,  Benning  Wentworth,  Esq.,  Capt.-Gen- 
eral  and  Governor-in-Chief  in  and  over  his  Majesty's  Prov- 
ince of  New  Hampshire  in  New  England.  May  it  please 
your  Excellency,  — 

44  We,  the  Ministers  of  the  Congregational  Churches  in  this 
Province  of  New  Hampshire  under  your  Excellency's  Govern- 
ment now  assembled  in  an  Annual  Convention  in  Somers- 
worth,  as  has  been  our  custom  for  several  years  past,  the 
design  of  which  is  to  pray  together  for  his  Majesty  and  Gov- 
ernment, and  to  consult  the  interests  of  religion  and  virtue, 
for  our  mutual  assistance  and  encouragement  in  our  proper 
business :  Beg  leave  to  present  a  request  to  your  Excellency  in 
behalf  of  literature,  which  proceeds,  not  from  any  private  or 
party  views  in  us,  but  our  desire  to  serve  the  Government 
and  religion  by  laying  a  foundation  for  the  best  instruction  of 
youth.  We  doubt  not  your  Excellency  is  sensible  of  the  great 
advantages  of  learning,  and  the  difficulties  which  attend  the 
education  of  youth  in  this  Province,  by  reason  of  our  distance 
from  any  of  the  seats  of  learning,  the  discredit  of  our  medium, 
etc.  We  have  reason  to  hope  that  by  an  interest  among  our 
people,  and  some  favor  from  the  Government,  we  may  be  able 
in  a  little  time  to  raise  a  sufficient  fund  for  erecting  and  carry- 
ing on  an  Academy  or  College  within  this  Province,  without 
prejudice  to  any  other  such  seminary  in  neighboring  Colonies, 
provided  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  grant  to  us,  a 
number  of  us,  or  any  other  trustees,  whom  your  Excellency 
shall  think  proper  to  appoint,  a  good  and  sufficient  charter, 
by  which  they  may  be  empowered  to  choose  a  President,  Pro- 
fessors, Tutors,  or  other  officers,  and  regulate  all  matters  be- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  17 

longing  to  such  a  society.  We  therefore  now  humbly  petition 
your  Excellency  to  grant  such  a  charter  as  may,  in  the  best 
manner,  answer  such  a  design  and  intrust  it  with  our  Com- 
mittee, viz. :  Messrs.  Joseph  Adams,  James  Pike,  John  Moody, 
Ward  Cotton,  Nathaniel  Gookin,  Wood  bridge  Odlin,  Samuel 
Langdon,  and  Samuel  Haven,  our  brethren,  whom  we  have 
now  chosen  to  wait  upon  your  Excellency  with  this  our  peti- 
tion, that  we  may  use  our  influence  with  our  people  to  pro- 
mote so  good  a  design,  by  generous  subscriptions,  and  that  we 
may  farther  petition  the  General  Court  for  such  assistance,  as 
they  shall  think  necessary.  We  are  persuaded,  if  your  Excel- 
lency will  first  of  all  favor  us  with  such  a  charter,  we  shall  be 
able  soon  to  make  use  of  it  for  the  public  benefit ;  and  that 
your  Excellency's  name  will  forever  be  remembered  with 
honor.  If,  after  trial,  we  cannot  accomplish  it,  we  promise 
to  return  the  charter  with  all  thankfulness  for  your  Excel- 
lency's good  disposition.  It  is  our  constant  prayer  that  God 
would  prosper  your  Excellency's  administration,  and  we  beg 
leave  to  subscribe  ourselves  your  Excellency's  most  obedient 
servants.  JOSEPH  ADAMS,  Moderator. 

"  Proceedings  attested  by     SAMUEL  HAVEN,  Clerk." 

"  The  Convention  of  Congregational  Ministers  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  New  Hampshire  being  held  at  the  house  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Joseph  Adams  in  Newington  on  the  25th  of  September, 
1759,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Adams  was  chosen  Moderator.  We  then 
went  to  the  house  of  God.  After  prayer  and  a  sermon  : 

"  A  draught  of  a  charter  for  a  college  in  this  Province  being 
read :  Voted,  That  the  said  charter  is  for  substance  agreeable 
to  the  mind  of  the  Convention.  Whereas  a  committee  chosen 
last  year  to  prefer  a  petition  to  his  Excellency  the  Governor 
for  a  charter  of  a  college  in  this  Province  have  given  a  verbal 
account  to  this  Convention  of  their  proceedings  and  conver- 
sation with  the  Governor  upon  said  affair,  by  which,  not- 
withstanding the  Governor  manifests  some  unwillingness,  at 
present,  to  grant  a  charter  agreeable  to  the  Convention,  yet 
there  remains  some  hope,  that  after  maturer  consideration  and 
advice  of  Council,  his  Excellency  will  grant  such  a  charter  as 
will  be  agreeable  to  us  and  our  people,  therefore,  Voted,  that 


18  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Rev.  Messrs.  Joseph  Adams,  James  Pike, Ward  Cotton,  Sam- 
uel Parsons,  Nathaniel  Gookin,  Samuel  Langdon,  and  Samuel 
Haven,  or  a  major  part  of  them,  be  and  hereby  are  a  Commit- 
tee of  this  Convention,  to  do  everything  which  to  them  shall 
appear  necessary,  in  the  aforesaid  affair,  in  behalf  of  this 
Convention  ;  and,  moreover,  to  consult  upon  any  other  meas- 
ures for  promoting  the  education  of  youth,  and  advancing 
good  literature  in  the  Province,  and  make  report  to  the  next 
Convention.  Attested  by  SAMUEL  HAVEN,  Clerk." 

The  Convention  was  holden  at  Portsmouth,  September  30, 
1760,  and  at  the  same  place  in  September,  1761,  but  nothing 
appears  in  the  proceedings  of  those  years  concerning  the  char- 
ter. But  at  the  convention  held  at  Portsmouth,  September 
28,  1762,  the  Rev.  Mr.  John  Rogers  having  been  chosen  mod- 
erator, after  prayer  and  sermon,  the  following  testimonial  was 
laid  before  the  Convention : 

"CHELSEA,  NORWICH,  July  10,  1762. 

"  "We  ministers  of  the  gospel  and  pastors  of  churches  here- 
after mentioned  with  our  names,  having,  for  a  number  of 
years  past,  heard  of  or  seen  with  pleasure  the  zeal,  courage, 
and  firm  resolution  of  the  Rev.  Eleazar  Wheelock  of  Lebanon, 
to  prosecute  to  effect  a  design  of  spreading  the  gospel  among 
the  natives  in  the  wilds  of  our  America,  and  especially  his 
perseverance  in  it,  amidst  the  many  peculiar  discouragements 
he  had  to  encounter  during  the  late  years  of  the  war  here, 
and  upon  a  plan  which  appears  to  us  to  have  the  greatest 
probability  of  success,  namely,  by  a  mission  of  their  own 
sons ;  and  as  we  are  verily  persuaded  that  the  smiles  of 
Divine  Providence  upon  his  school,  and  the  success  of  his 
endeavors  hitherto  justly  may,  and  ought,  to  encourage  him 
and  all  to  believe  it  to  be  of  God,  and  that  which  he  will  own 
and  succeed  for  the  glory  of  his  great  name  in  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  kingdom  of  our  divine  Redeemer,  as  well  as  for 
the  great  benefit  of  the  crown  of  Great  Britain,  and  especially 
of  his  Majesty's  dominions  in  America ;  so  we  apprehend  the 
present  openings  in  Providence  ought  to  invite  Christians  of 
every  denomination  to  unite  their  endeavors  and  to  lend  a 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  19 

helping  hand  in  carrying  on  so  charitable  a  design  ;  and  we  are 
heartily  sorry  if  party  spirit  and  party  differences  shall  at  all 
obstruct  the  progress  of  it ;  or  the  old  leaven  of  this  land  fer- 
ment upon  this  occasion,  and  give  a  watchful  adversary  oppor- 
tunity so  to  turn  the  course  of  endeavors  into  another  channel 
as  to  defeat  the  design  of  spreading  the  gospel  among  the 
heathen.  To  prevent  which,  and  encourage  unanimity  and 
zeal  in  prosecuting  the  design,  we  look  upon  it  our  duty  as 
Christians,  and  especially  as  ministers  of  the  gospel,  to  give 
our  testimony  that,  as  we  verily  believe,  a  disinterested  regard 
to  the  advancement  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  and  the  good 
will  of  His  Majesty's  dominions  in  America,  were  the  govern- 
ing motives  which  at  first  induced  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wheelock  to 
enter  upon  the  great  affair,  and  to  risk  his  own  private 
interest,  as  he  has  done  since,  in  carrying  it  on ;  so  we  esteem 
his  plan  to  be  good,  his  measures  to  be  prudently  and  well 
concerted,  his  endowments  |>fcculiar,  his  zeal  fervent,  his  en- 
deavors indefatigable,  for  the  accomplishing  this  design,  and 
we  know  no  man,  like  minded,  who  will  naturally  care  for 
their  state.  May  God  prolong  his  life,  and  make  him  ex- 
tensively useful  in  the  kingdom  of  Christ.  We  have  also, 
some  of  us,  at  his  desire  examined  his  accounts,  and  we  find 
that,  besides  giving  in  all  his  own  labour  and  trouble  in  the 
affair,  he  has  charged  for  the  support,  schooling,  etc.,  of  the 
youth,  at  the  lowest  rate  it  could  be  done  for,  as  the  price  of 
things  have  been  and  still  are  among  us ;  and  we  apprehend 
the  generous  donations  already  made  have  been  and  we  are 
confident  will  be  laid  out  in  the  most  prudent  manner,  and 
with  the  best  advice  for  the  furtherance  of  the  important 
design  :  and  we  pray  God  abundantly  to  reward  the  liberality 
of  many  upon  this  occasion.  And  we  hope  the  generosity, 
especially  of  persons  of  distinction  and  note,  will  be  a  happy 
lead  and  inducement  to  still  greater  liberalities,  and  that  in 
consequence  thereof  the  wide-extended  wilderness  of  America 
will  blossom  as  the  rose,  habitations  of  cruelty  become  dwell- 
ing places  of  righteousness  and  the  blessing  of  thousands 
ready  to  perish  come  upon  all  those  whose  love  to  Christ  and 
charity  to  them  has  been  shown  upon  this  occasion.  Which 


20  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

is  the  hearty  prayer  of  your  most  sincere  friends  and  humble 
servants : 

EBENEZER  ROSETTER  Pastor  of  ye  1st  Chh :  in  Stonington. 
JOSEPH  FISH  Pastor  of  ye  2d  Chh:  in  Stonington. 
NATHL  WHITAKER  Pastor  of  ye  Chh :  in  Chelsea  in  Norwich. 
BENJA  POMEROY  Pastor  of  ye  1st  Chh  :  in  Hebron. 
ELIJAH  LOTHROP  Pastor  of  ye  Chh :  of  Gilead  in  Hebron. 
NATHL  EELLS  Pastor  of  a  Chh:  in  Stonington. 
MATHER  BYLES  Pastor  of  ye  first  Chh:  in  New  London. 
JONA.  BARBER  Pastor  of  a  Chh :  in  Groton. 
MATT.  GRAVES  Missionary  in  New  London. 
PETER  POWERS  Pastor  of  the  Chh :  at  Newent  in  Norwich. 
DANIEL   KIRTLAND  former  Pastor  of  ye  Chh :  in  Newent  Nor- 
wich. 

ASHER  ROSETTER  Pastor  of  ye  1st  Chh:  in  Preston. 
JABEZ  WIGHT  Pastor  of  ye  4  Chh :  in  Norwich. 
DAVID  JEWETT  Pastor  of  a  Chh :  in  New  London. 
BENJA  THROOP  Pastor  of  a  Chh:  in  Norwich. 
SAML  MOSELEY  Pastor  of  a  Chh:  in  Windham. 
STEPHEN  WHITE  Pastor  of  a  Chh :  in  Windham. 
RICHARD  SALTER  Pastor  of  a  Chh :  in  Mansfield. 
TIMOTHY  ALLEN  Pastor  of  ye  Chh:  in  Ashford. 
EPHRAIM  LITTLE  Pastor  of  ye  1st  Chh  :  in  Colchester. 
HOBART  ESTABROOK  Pastor  of  a  Chh:  in  East  Haddam. 
JOSEPH  FOWLER  Pastor  of  a  Chh  :  in  East  Haddam. 
BENJA  BOARDMAN  Pastor  of  a  Chh :  in  Middletown. 
JOHN  NORTON  Pastor  of  a  Chh:  of  Christ  in  Middletown. 
BENJA  DUNNING  Pastor  of  a  Chh  :  of  Christ  in  Marlborough." 

"Voted,  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Moody,  Langdon,  Haven,  and 
Foster  be  a  Committee  of  this  Convention  to  consider  and  re- 
port on  the  above.  Said  committee  laid  the  following  draft 
before  the  Convention,  which  was  unanimously  voted  and 
signed  by  the  moderator  : 

"  We,  a  Convention  of  Congregational  Ministers  assembled 
at  Portsmouth,  September  28,  1762,  having  read  and  consid- 
ered the  foregoing  attestation  from  a  number  of  reverend  gen- 
tlemen in  Connecticut,  taking  into  consideration  the  many 
obligations  the  Supreme  Ruler  has  laid  upon  Christian 
churches  to  promote  his  cause  and  enlarge  the  borders  of  his 


DAETMOUTH   COLLEGE.  21 

kingdom  in  this  land,  the  signal  victories  he  has  granted  to 
our  troops,  the  entire  reduction  of  all  Canada,  so  that  a  way 
is  now  open  for  the  spreading  of  the  light  and  purity  of  the 
gospel  among  distant  savage  tribes,  and  a  large  field,  white 
unto  the  harvest,  is  presented  before  us ;  considering  the  in- 
finite worth  of  the  souls  of  men,  the  importance  of  the  gospel 
to  their  present  and  everlasting  happiness,  and  the  hopeful 
prospect  that  the  aboriginal  natives  will  now  listen  to  Chris- 
tian instruction  ;  considering  also  the  great  expense  which 
must  unavoidably  attend  the  prosecution  of  this  great  design, 
think  ourselves  obliged  to  recommend,  in  the  warmest  man- 
ner, this  subject  to  the  serious  consideration  of  our  Christian 
brethren  and  the  public.  It  is  with  gratitude  to  the  Great 
Head  of  the  Church,  who  has  the  hearts  of  all  in  his  hands, 
that  we  observe  some  hopeful  steps  taken  by  the  societies 
founded  for  the  gospelizing  the  Indians,  and  the  hearts  of  such 
numbers,  both  at  home  and  in  this  land,  have  been  disposed 
to  bestow  their  liberalities  to  enable  such  useful  societies  to 
effect  the  great  ends  for  which  they  are  founded.  But  as  we 
wish  to  see  every  probable  method  taken  to  forward  so  benev- 
olent and  Christian  a  design,  we,  therefore,  rejoice  to  find  that 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Wheelock  has  such  a  number  of  Indian  youths 
under  his  care  and  tuition  ;  and  in  that  abundant  testimony 
which  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  have  borne  to  his  abilities 
for,  and  zeal  and  faithfulness  in,  this  important  undertaking. 
And  we  do  hereby  declare  our  hearty  approbation  of  it,  as  far 
as  we  are  capable  of  judging  of  an  affair  carried  on  at  such  a 
distance  ;  and  think  it  our  duty  to  encourage  and  exhort  all 
Christians  to  lend  a  helping  hand  towards  so  great  and  gen- 
erous an  undertaking.  We  would  not,  indeed,  absolutely 
dictate  this,  or  any  other  particular  scheme,  for  civilizing  and 
spreading  the  gospel  among  the  Indians ;  but  we  are  per- 
suaded that  God  demands  of  the  inhabitants  of  these  colonies 
some  returns  of  gratitude,  in  this  way,  for  the  remarkable  suc- 
cess of  our  arms  against  Canada,  and  that  peace  and  security 
which  he  has  now  given  us  ;  we  must,  therefore,  rely  on  the 
wisdom  and  prudence  of  the  civil  authority  to  think  of  it  as  a 
matter  in  which  our  political  interests  as  well  as  the  glory  of 
God  are  deeply  concerned  ;  and  we  refer  to  our  churches  and 


22  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

all  private  Christians  as  peculiarly  called  to  promote  the  Re- 
deemer's kingdom  everywhere,  to  determine  what  will  be  the 
most  effectual  methods  of  forwarding  so  noble  and  pious  a  de- 
sign, and  to  contribute,  to  the  utmost  of  their  power,  either 
towards  the  execution  of  the  plan  which  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Wheelock  is  pursuing,  or  that  of  the  corporation  erected  in 
the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  or  any  other  which  may 
be  thought  of  here  or  elsewhere,  for  the  same  laudable  pur- 
pose. JOHN  ROGERS,  Moderator." 

The  first  Legislative  action  in  New  Hampshire  relative  to 
Mr.  Wheelock's  work  is  also  worthy  of  notice.  The  following 
is  from  the  Journal  of  the  House  of  Representatives : 

"  June  17,  1762,  Voted,  that  the  Hon.  Henry  Sherburne 
and  Mishech  Weare,  Esquires,  Peter  Oilman,  Clement  March, 
Esq.,  Capt.  Thomas  W.  Waldron,  and  Capt.  John  Wentworth 
be  a  committee  to  consider  of  the  subject-matter  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Eleazar  Wheelock's  memorial  for  aid  for  his  school."  This 
committee  made  a  favorable  report,  saying :  "  We  think  it 
incumbent  on  this  province  to  do  something  towards  promot- 
ing so  good  an  undertaking,"  and  recommending  a  grant  of 
fifty  pounds  sterling  per  annum  for  five  years.  The  action  of 
the  Legislature  was  in  accordance  with  this  report.  Later 
records,  however,  indicate  that  the  grant  was  not  continued 
after  the  first,  or  possibly  the  second,  year.  Gov.  Benning 
Wentworth,  after  careful  investigation,  gave  his  official  sanc- 
tion to  the  action  of  his  associates,  in  aid  of  Mr.  Wheelock. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

A    COLLEGE     CONTEMPLATED     BY    MR.    WHEELOCK.  —  LORD 
DARTMOUTH.  —  OCCOM  AND  WHITAKER  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

MB.  WHEELOCK  held  relations  more  or  less  intimate  with 
the  leading  educational  institutions  of  the  country.  But  his 
favorite  college  was  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  far  removed 
from  his  own  residence.  A  warm  friendship  subsisted  be- 
tween him  and  many  of  its  officers,  and  thither  he  sent  most 
of  his  students  for  a  considerable  period.  The  inconvenience 
of  doing  this,  may  have  suggested  the  idea  of  a  college  in 
connection  with  his  school.  However  this  may  have  been, 
nothing  short  of  a  college  could  satisfy  him.  The  following 
letter,  written  in  April,  1763,  needs  no  further  preface  : 

"  TO  HIS  EXCELLENCY  GENERAL  JEFFREY  AMHERST,  BARONET. 

"  May  it  please  your  Excellency,  —  The  narrative  herewith 
inclosed,  gives  your  Excellency  some  short  account  of  the  suc- 
cess of  my  feeble  endeavors,  through  the  blessing  of  God  upon 
them,  in  the  affair  there  related. 

"  Your  Excellency  will  easily  see,  that  if  the  number  of 
youth  in  this  school  continues  to  increase,  as  it  has  done,  and 
as  our  prospects  are  that  it  will  do,  we  shall  soon  be  obliged  to 
build  to  accommodate  them  and  accordingly  to  determine  upon 
the  place  where  to  fix  it,  and  I  would  humbly  submit  to  your 
Excellency's  consideration  the  following  proposal,  viz. :  That  a 
tract  of  land,  about  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  square,  or  so  much 
as  shall  be  sufficient  for  four  townships,  on  the  west  side  of 
Susquehannah  river,  or  in  some  other  place  more  convenient  in 
the  heart  of  the  Indian  country,  be  granted  in  favor  of  this 
school :  That  said  townships  be  peopled  with  a  chosen  number 
of  inhabitants  of  known  honesty,  integrity,  and  such  as  love 
and  will  be  kind  to,  and  honest  in  their  dealings  with  Indians. 
That  a  thousand  acres  of,  and  within  said  grant,  be  given  to 


24  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

this  school,  and  that  the  school  be  an  academy  for  all  parts  of 
useful  learning ;  part  of  it  to  be  a  college  for  the  education  of 
missionaries,  interpreters,  schoolmasters,  etc. ;  and  part  of  it  a 
school  to  teach  reading,  writing,  etc.,  and  that  there  be  man- 
ufactures for  the  instruction  both  of  males  and  females,  in 
whatever  shall  be  necessary  in  life,  and  proper  tutors,  masters, 
and  mistresses  be  provided  for  the  same.  That  those  towns 
be  furnished  with  ministers  of  the  best  characters,  and  such 
as  are  of  ability,  when  incorporated  with  a  number  of  the 
most  understanding  of  the  inhabitants,  to  conduct  the  affairs 
of  the  school,  and  of  such  missions  as  they  shall  have  occasion 
and  ability  for,  from  time  to  time.  That  there  be  a  sufficient 
number  of  laborers  upon  the  lands  belonging  to  the  school ; 
and  that  the  students  be  obliged  to  labor  with  them,  and 
under  their  direction  and  conduct,  so  much  as  shall  be  neces- 
sary for  their  health,  and  to  give  them  an  understanding  of 
husbandry ;  and  those  who  are  designed  for  farmers,  after  they 
have  got  a  sufficient  degree  of  school  learning,  to  labor  con- 
stantly, and  the  school  to  have  all  the  benefit  of  their  labor, 
and  they  the  benefit  of  being  instructed  therein,  till  they  are 
of  an  age  and  understanding  sufficient  to  set  up  for  them- 
selves, and  introduce  husbandry  among  their  respective  tribes  ; 
and  that  there  be  a  moderate  tax  upon  all  the  granted  lands, 
after  the  first  ten  or  fifteen  years,  and  also  some  duty  upon 
mills,  etc.,  which  shall  not  be  burdensome  to  the  inhabitants, 
for  the  support  of  the  school,  or  missionaries  among  the  In- 
dians, etc.  By  this  means  much  expense,  and  many  incon- 
veniences occasioned  by  our  great  distance  from  them,  would 
be  prevented,  our  missionaries  be  much  better  supported  and 
provided  for,  especially  in  case  of  sickness,  etc.  Parents  and 
children  would  be  more  contented,  being  nearer  to  one  an- 
other, and  likely  many  would  be  persuaded  to  send  their  chil- 
dren for  an  education,  who  are  now  dissuaded  from  it  only  on 
account  of  the  great  distance  of  the  school  from  them. 

"  The  bearer,  Mr.  C.  J.  S.,1  is  able,  if  your  Excellency 
desires  it,  to  give  you  a  more  full  and  particular  account  of 
the  present  state  of  this  school,  having  been  for  some  time  the 
master  and  instructor  of  it,  and  is  now  designed,  with  the 
leave  of  Providence,  the  ensuing  summer,  to  make  an  excur- 
i  Charles  J.  Smith. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  25 

sion  as  a  missionary  among  the  Indians,  with  an  interpreter 
from  this  school. 

"  And  by  him  your  Excellency  may  favor  me  with  your 
thoughts  on  what  I  have  proposed. 

"  I  am,  with  sincerest  duty  and  esteem,  may  it  please  your 
Excellency,  your  Excellency's  most  obedient  and  humble  ser- 
vant, ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK." 

In  1764,  the  Scotch  Society,  already  referred  to,  manifested 
increasing  interest  in  Mr.  Wheelock's  work,  by  appointing  a 
Board  of  Correspondents,  selected  from  gentlemen  of  high 
standing,  in  Connecticut,  to  cooperate  with  him. 

We  here  insert  entire,  Mr.  Wheelock's  first  letter  to  Lord 
Dartmouth : 

"  TO    THE    RIGHT    HON.    THE     EARL    OF    DARTMOUTH. 

"LEBANON,  CONNECTICUT,  NEW  ENGLAND,  March  1,  1764. 
"  May  it  please  your  Lordship,  — 

"  It  must  be  counted  amongst  the  greatest  favors  of  God  to 
a  wretched  world,  and  that  which  gives  abundant  joy  to  the 
friends  of  Zion,  that  among  earthly  dignities  there  are  those 
who  cheerfully  espouse  the  sinking  cause  of  the  great  Re- 
deemer, and  Avhose  hearts  and  hands  are  open  to  minister 
supplies  for  the  support  and  enlargement  of  His  kingdom  in 
the  world. 

"  As  your  Lordship  has  been  frequently  mentioned  with 
pleasure  by  the  lovers  of  Christ  in  this  wilderness,  and  having 
fresh  assurance  of  the  truth  of  that  fame  of  yours,  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Whitefield,  from  his  own  acquaintance  with  your  person 
and  character,  and  being  encouraged  and  moved  thereto  by 
him,  I  am  now  emboldened,  without  any  other  apology  for 
myself  than  that  which  the  nature  of  the  case  itself  carries  in 
its  very  front,  to  solicit  your  Lordship's  favorable  notice  of, 
and  friendship  towards,  a  feeble  attempt  to  save  the  swarms 
of  Indian  natives  in  this  land  from  final  and  eternal  ruin, 
which  must  unavoidably  be  the  issue  of  those  poor,  miserable 
creatures,  unless  God  shall  mercifully  interpose  with  His  bless- 
ing upon  endeavors  to  prevent  it. 

"  The  Indian  Charity  School,  under  my  care  (a  narrative 
of  which,  herewith  transmitted,  humbly  begs  your  Lordship's 


26  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

acceptance),  has  met  with  such  approbation  and  encourage- 
ment from  gentlemen  of  character  and  ability,  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  such  has  been  the  success  of  endeavors  hitherto 
used  therein,  as  persuade  us  more  and  more  that  it  is  of  God, 
and  a  device  and  plan  which,  under  his  blessing,  has  a  greater 
probability  of  success  than  any  that  has  yet  been  attempted. 
By  the  blessing  and  continual  care  of  heaven,  it  has  lived, 
and  does  still  live  and  flourish,  without  any  other  fund  appro- 
priated to  its  support  than  that  great  one,  in  the  hands  of 
Him,  whose  the  earth  is,  and  the  fullness  thereof. 

"  And  I  trust  there  is  no  need  to  mention  any  other  con- 
siderations to  prove  your  Lordship's  compassions,  or  invite 
your  liberality  on  this  occasion,  than  those  which  their  piteous 
and  perishing  case  does  of  itself  suggest,  when  once  your 
Lordship  shall  be  well  satisfied  of  a  proper  and  probable  way 
to  manifest  and  express  the  same  with  success.  Which  I  do 
with  the  utmost  cheerfulness  submit  to  your  Lordship,  believ- 
ing your  determination  therein  to  be  under  the  direction  of 
Him  who  does  all  things  well.  And,  if  the  nature  and  im- 
portance of  the  case  be  not  esteemed  sufficient  excuse  for  the 
freedom  and  boldness  I  have  assumed,  I  must  rely  upon  your 
Lordship's  innate  goodness  to  pardon  him  who  is,  with  the 
greatest  duty  and  esteem,  my  lord, 

"  Your  Lordship's  most  obedient, 

"  And  most  humble  servant, 

"  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK." 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  here  the  agency  of  Mr.  Wheel- 
ock's  old  and  intimate  friend,  Whitefield.  As  early  as  1760, 
after  alluding  to  efforts  in  his  behalf  in  Great  Britain,  he 
wrote  to  Mr.  Wheelock : 

"  Had  I  a  converted  Indian  scholar,  that  could  preach  and 
pray  in  English,  something  might  be  done  to  purpose." 

After  much  deliberation,  Mr.  Wheelock  determined  to  send 
Mr.  Occom  and  Rev.  Nathaniel  Whitaker  of  Norwich,  who 
was  deeply  interested  in  his  work,  to  solicit  the  charities  of 
British  Christians,  with  a  purpose  of  more  extended  operations. 

They  left  this  country  late  in  1765,  carrying  testimonials 
from  a  large  number  of  eminent  civilians  and  divines. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  27 

The  following  letter  indicates  that  they  were  cordially  wel- 
comed in  England  : 

"LONDON,  February  2,  1766. 

MY  DEAR  ME.  WHEELOCK, — This  day  three  weeks  I 
had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  Mr.  Whitaker  and  Mr.  Occom. 
On  their  account,  I  have  deferred  my  intended  journey  into 
the  country  all  next  week.  They  have  been  introduced  to, 
and  dined  with  the  Daniel  of  the  age,  viz.,  the  truly  noble 
Lord  Dartmouth.  Mr.  Occom  is  also  to  be  introduced  by 
him  to  his  Majesty,  who  intends  to  favor  their  design  with  his 
bounty.  A  short  memorial  for  the  public  is  drawn,  which  is 
to  be  followed  with  a  smajl  pamphlet.  All  denominations 
are  to  be  applied  to,  and  therefore  no  mention  is  made  of  any 
particular  commissioners  or  corresponding  committees  what- 
soever. It  would  damp  the  thing  entirely.  Cashiers  are  to 
be  named,  and  the  moneys  collected  are  to  be  deposited  with 
them  till  drawn  for  by  yourself.  Mr.  Occom  hath  preached 
for  me  with  acceptance,  and  also  Mr.  Whitaker.  They  are 
to  go  round  the  other  denominations  in  a  proper  rotation. 
As  yet  everything  looks  with  a  promising  aspect.  I  have 
procured  them  suitable  lodgings.  I  shall  continue  to  do 
everything  that  lies  in  my  power.  Mr.  S.1  is  providentially 
here,  —  a  fast  friend  to  your  plan  and  his  dear  country. 

"  I  wish  you  joy  of  the  long  wished  for,  long  prayed  for  re- 
peal, and  am,  my  dear  Mr.  Wheelock, 

"  Yours,  etc.,  in  our  glorious  Head, 

"GEORGE  WHITEFIELD." 

We  are  now  introduced  to  Mr.  Wheelock's  most  valuable 
coadjutor,  the  son  of  Mark  Hunking  Wentworth,  —  another 
active  and  earnest  friend  : 

"BRISTOL,  [ENGLAND,]  16th  Dec.,  1766. 

"  The  Rev.  Mr.  Whitaker  having  requested  my  testimony 
of  an  institution  forming  in  America,  under  the  name  of  an 
INDIAN  SCHOOL,  for  which  purpose  many  persons  on  that  con- 
tinent and  in  Europe  have  liberally  contributed,  and  he  is 
now  soliciting  the  further  aid  of  all  denominations  of  people 
in  this  kingdom  to  complete  the  proposed  plan,  I  do  there- 

1  Mr.  John  Smith,  of  Boston. 


28  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

fore  certify,  whomsoever  it  may  concern,  that  the  said  INDIAN 
SCHOOL  appears  to  me  to  be  formed  upon  principles  of  ex- 
tensive benevolence  and  unfeigned  piety  ;  that  the  moneys 
already  collected  have  been  justly  applied  to  this  and  no 
other  use.  From  repeated  information  of  many  principal  gen- 
tlemen in  America,  and  from  my  own  particular  knowledge 
of  local  circumstances,  I  am  well  convinced  that  the  char- 
itable contributions  afforded  to  this  design  will  be  honestly 
and  successfully  applied  to  civilize  and  recover  the  savages  of 
America  from  their  present  barbarous  paganism. 

"J.  WENTWORTH, 
"  Governor  of  New  Hampshire." 

The  annals  of  philanthropy  unfold  few  things  bolder  or  more 
romantic  in  conception,  or  grander  in  execution,  or  sublimer 
in  results  than  this  most  memorable,  most  successful  pilgrim- 
age. The  unique,  but  magnetic,  marvelous  eloquence  of  this 
regenerated  son  of  the  forest,  as  he  passed  from  town  to  town, 
and  city  to  city,  over  England  and  Scotland,  engaged  the  at- 
tention and  opened  the  hearts  of  all  classes  —  the  clergy,  the 
nobility,  and  the  peasantry.  The  names  of  the  men  and 
women  and  children,  who  gave  of  their  abundance  or  their 
poverty,  primarily  and  apparently  to  civilize  and  evangelize 
their  wild  and  savage  brethren  across  the  sea,  but  ultimately 
and  really  to  found  one  of  the  most  solid  and  beautiful  temples 
of  Christian  and  secular  learning,  in  the  Western  hemisphere, 
deserve  affectionate  and  perpetual  remembrance,  along  with 
those  of  their  kindred,  who  in  a  preceding  century  dedicated 
their  whole  treasure  upon  Plymouth  Rock. 

With  sincere  regret  that  we  have  not  the  name  of  every 
donor,  yet  with  devout  gratitude  for  the  preservation  of  so  full 
a  record,  we  append  the  original  list  of  donors  in  England,  as 
prepared  and  published  at  the  time,  by  Lord  Dartmouth  and 
his  associates.1 

Never  was  more  timely  aid  given  to  a  worthy  cause.  When 
Mr.  Wheelock's  agents  went  abroad  he  had  a  school  of  about 
thirty,  and  an  empty  treasury.  These  funds  gave  him  present 
comfort,  and  enabled  him  to  effect  the  long-desired  removal. 

1  See  Appendix. 


CHAPTER  V. 

SIR  WILLIAM    JOHNSON.  — EXPLORATIONS  FOR  A  LOCATION. 
ADVICE   OF  ENGLISH  TRUSTEES. 

ME.  WHEELOCK  was  in  friendly  correspondence,  for  several 
years,  with  Sir  William  Johnson,  the  distinguished  Indian 
agent  and  superintendent,  who  resided  in  the  province  of 
New  York,  near  the  Six  Nations.  Through  his  agency,  the 
famous  Mohawk,  Joseph  Brant,  was  sent  to  Mr.  Wheelock's 
school.  After  enjoying  some  opportunities  for  an  estimate 
of  his  abilities  and  character,  Mr.  Wheelock  speaks  of  him  in 
highly  complimentary  terms,  as  a  gentleman,  "  whose  under- 
standing and  influence  in  Indian  affairs,  is,  I  suppose,  greater 
than  any  other  man's,  and  to  whose  indefatigable  and  suc- 
cessful labors  to  settle  and  secure  a  peace  with  the  several 
tribes,  who  have  been  at  war  with  us,  our  land  and  nation 
are  under  God  chiefly  indebted." 

In  September,  1762,  Mr.  Wheelock  writes  to  Sir  William : 
"  I  understand  that  some  of  our  people  are  about  to  settle  on 
a  new  purchase  on  Susquehannah  river.  It  may  be  a  door 
may  open  for  my  design  on  that  purchase."  He  also  inti- 
mates that  he  desires  to  set  up  the  school  in  his  neighbor- 
hood. This  plan  does  not  meet  Sir  William's  approval,  but 
in  January,  1763,  Mr.  Wheelock  addresses  him  again,  saying: 
"  Gov.  Wentworth  has  offered  a  tract  of  land  in  the  western 
part  of  the  province  of  New  Hampshire  which  he  is  now  set- 
tling, for  the  use  of  the  school  if  we  will  fix  it  there,  and 
there  has  been  some  talk  of  fixing  it  in  one  of  the  new  town- 
ships in  the  province  of  the  Massachusetts  which  lie  upon  New 
York  line  near  Albany.  I  much  want  to  consult  your  Honor 
in  the  affair."  Mr.  Wheelock's  confidence  in  his  friend  hav- 
ing been  strengthened  by  the  receipt  of  several  cordial  letters, 


30  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

and  other  circumstances,  he  writes  to  him,  July  4,  1766 :  "  I 
apprehend  you  are  able  above  any  man  in  this  land  to  serve 
the  grand  design  in  view,"  desiring  to  "  act  in  every  step  " 
agreeable  to  his  mind,  and  informing  him  that  he  has  sent  his 
son,  with  Dr.  Pomeroy,  to  confer  with  him  about  a  location 
for  the  school.  He  also  refers  to  "  arguments  offered  to  carry 
it  into  the  Southern  governments."  But  Mr.  Johnson  did  not 
see  fit  to  invite  the  settlement  of  the  school  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Six  Nations,  deeming  it  unwise,  apparently,  to 
encourage  a  movement  which  might  be  regarded  by  them  as 
an  invasion  of  their  territory,  especially  if  they  were  asked 
to  give  lands  to  the  school.  This  decision  virtually  deter- 
mined the  location.  If  Mr.  Wheelock  could  not  follow  his  old 
neighbors  and  friends  to  the  westward,  and  plant  himself  be- 
side the  great  Indian  Confederacy,  he  must  turn  his  attention 
to  the  northward,  where  other  neighbors  and  friends  were  set- 
tling within  easy  reach  of  the  far-extended  Indian  tribes  of 
Canada.  Other  localities,  as  we  shall  see  hereafter,  presented 
some  inducements,  but  they  were  all  of  minor  importance. 
Hence,  when  his  agents  returned  from  Great  Britain  placing 
the  long-desired  funds  for  the  accomplishment  of  his  purposes 
in  his  hands,  we  may  well  imagine  that  Mr.  Wheelock  gladly 
turned  toward  that  worthy  magistrate,  who  had  already 
shown  ua  willing  heart,"  for  more  aid. 

In  the  meantime,  Mr.  Wheelock  was  giving  the  matter  of 
a  location  his  most  earnest  and  careful  attention.  In. a  letter 
to  Mr.  Whitefield,  dated  September  4,  1766,  he  says :  "  We 
cannot  get  land  enough  on  Hudson  river."  Nor  has  he  any 
more  hope  of  success  on  the  Mohawk.  "  Large  offers  have 
been  made  in  the  new  settlements  on  Connecticut  river.  It 
is  likely  that  near  twenty  thousand  acres  would  be  given  in 
their  several  towns."  After  stating  that  "  Col.  Willard  "  has 
made  generous  offers  of  lands,  "  on  Sugar  river,"  he  says : 
"  that  location  would  be  the  most  inviting  of  any  part  of  that 
country.  Samuel  Stevens,  Esq.,  offers  two  thousand  acres  to 
have  it  at  No.  4.  Col.  Chandler  offers  two  thousand  acres  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  of  Chester,  opposite  to  No.  4,  nine 
miles  from  the  River.  The  situation  of  Wyoming,  on  Sus- 
quehannah  river,  is  very  convenient."  :  A  few  months  later, 

1  See  Appendix. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  31 

General  Schuyler  earnestly  advocated  the  claims  of  Albany  as 
a  favorable  location. 

But  Mr.  Wheelock's  friends  were  very  unwilling  that  he 
should  leave  Connecticut.  Windham  and  Hebron1  made 
earnest  efforts  to  obtain  the  school.  We  quote  from  Lebanon 
parish  records : 

"  At  a  legal  and  full  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants,  legal 
voters  of  the  second  society  in  Lebanon  [now  Columbia],  in 
Connecticut,  held  in  said  society  on  the  29th  day  of  June, 
Anno  Domini  1767,  We  made  choice  of  Mr.  James  Pinneo 
to  be  moderator  of  said  meeting,  and  passed  the  following 
votes,  nemine  contradicente  : 

"  1.  That  we  desire  the  Indian  Charity  School  now  under 
the  care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Eleazar  Wheelock,  may  be  fixed  to 
continue  in  this  society  :  provided  it  may  consist  with  the 
interest  and  prosperity  of  said  School. 

"  2.  That  as  we  have  a  large  and  convenient  house  for  pub- 
lic and  divine  Worship,  we  will  accommodate  the  members 
of  said  school  with  such  convenient  seats  in  said  house  as  we 
shall  be  able. 

"  3.  That  the  following  letter  be  presented  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Eleazar  Wheelock,  by  Messrs.  Israel  Woodward,  James  Pin- 
neo, and  Asahel  Clark,  Jun.,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  this 
society ;  and  that  they  desire  him  to  transmit  a  copy  of  the 
same,  with  the  votes  foregoing,  to  the  Right  Honorable  the 
Earl  of  Dartmouth,  and  the  rest  of  those  Honorable  and 
Worthy  Gentlemen  in  England  who  have  condescended  to 
patronize  said  school ;  and  to  whom  the  establishment  of  the 
same  is  committed. 

"  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  SECOND  SOCIETY  IN  LEBANON  IN  CONNECTICUT 
TO  THE  REV.  MR.  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK,  PASTOR  OF  SAID  SOCIETY. 

"  Rev.  and  ever  dear  Pastor,  —  As  you  are  witness  to  our 
past  care  and  concern  for  the  success  of  your  most  pious  and 
charitable  undertaking  in  favor  of  the  poor  perishing  Indians 
on  this  continent,  we  are  confident  you  will  not  be  displeased 
at  our  addressing  you  on  this  occasion  ;  but  that  you  would 
rather  think  it  strange  if  we  should  altogether  hold  our  peace 

1  See  Appendix. 


82  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

at  such  a  time  as  this  ;  when  we  understand  it  is  still  in  doubt 
both  with  yourself  and  friends  where  to  fix  your  school ; 
whether  at  Albany  or  more  remote  among  the  Indian  tribes, 
in  this  society  where  it  was  first  planted,  or  in  some  other 
part  of  this  colony  proposed  for  its  accommodation. 

u  We  have  some  of  us  heard  most  of  the  arguments  offered 
for  its  removal,  and  however  plausible  they  appear  we  are  not 
at  all  convinced  of  their  force,  or  that  it  is  expedient,  every- 
thing considered,  it  should  be  removed,  nor  do  we  think  we 
have  great  reason  to  fear  the  event,  only  we  would  not  be 
wanting  as  to  our  duty  in  giving  such  hints  in  favor  of  its 
continuance  here  as  naturally  and  easily  occur  to  our  minds, 
for  we  have  that  confidence  in  you  and  the  friends  of  the  de- 
sign, that  you  will  not  be  easily  carried  away  with  appear- 
ances :  but  will  critically  observe  the  secret  springs  of  those 
generous  offers,  made  in  one  place  and  another,  (some  of 
which  are  beyond  what  we  can  pretend  to,)  whether  some 
prospect  of  private  emolument  be  not  at  the  bottom;  or 
whether  they  will  finally  prove  more  kind  to  your  pious  insti- 
tution as  such  considered,  (whatever  their  pretenses  may  be,) 
than  they  have  been  or  at  present  appear  to  be  to  the  Re- 
deemer's Kingdom  in  general.  We  trust  this  institution,  so 
well  calculated  to  the  advancement  of  its  interest,  will  flourish 
best  among  the  Redeemer's  friends ;  and  although  with  re- 
spect to  ourselves  we  have  little  to  boast  as  to  friendship  to 
our  divine  Redeemer  or  his  interest,  yet  this  we  are  sure  of, 
that  he  has  been  very  kind  to  us,  in  times  past,  and  we  trust 
has  made  you  the  instrument  of  much  good  to  us,  and  to  lay 
a  foundation  for  it  to  succeeding  generations;  we  humbly 
hope  God  has  been  preparing  an  habitation  for  himself  here, 
and  has  said  of  it,  this  is  my  resting  place,  here  will  I  dwell 
forever,  (not  because  they  deserved  it,)  but  because  I  have  de- 
sired it,  and  where  God  is  pleased  to  dwell,  under  his  influence 
your  institution  (which  we  trust  is  of  Him)  may  expect  to  live 
and  thrive.  We  desire  it  may  be  considered  that  this  is  its 
birth  place,  here  it  was  kindly  received,  and  nourished  when 
no  other  door  was  set  open  to  it  —  here  it  found  friends  when 
almost  friendless,  yea  when  despised  and  contemned  abroad  — 
its  friends  are  now  increased  here  as  well  as  elsewhere,  and 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  33 

although  by  reason  of  our  poverty  and  the  hardness  of  the 
times,  our  subscriptions  afe  small  compared  with  what  some 
others  may  boast,  being  at  present  but  about  <£810  lawful 
money,  yet  there  are  here  some  other  privileges  which  we 
think  very  valuable  and  serviceable  to  the  design,  viz.  400 
acres  of  very  fertile  and  good  land,  about  forty  acres  of  which 
are  under  improvement,  and  the  remainder  well  set  with 
choice  timber  and  fuel,  and  is  suitably  proportioned  for  the 
various  branches  of  Husbandry  which  will  much  accommodate 
the  design  as  said  land  is  situated  within  about  half  a  mile  of 
our  Meeting  House,  and  may  be  purchased  for  fifty  shillings 
lawful  money  per  acre.  There  is  also  several  other  small  par- 
cels of  land  suitably  situate  for  building  places  for  the  use  of 
the  school  to  be  sold  at  a  reasonable  rate.  We  have  also  a 
beautiful  building  place  for  said  school  within  a  few  rods  of 
said  meeting  house,  adjacent  to  which  is  a  large  and  pleasant 
Green  :  and  we  are  confident  that  wood,  provisions,  and  cloth- 
ing, etc.,  which  will  be  necessary  for  the  school,  may  be  had 
here  not  only  now,  but  in  future  years,  at  as  low  a  rate  as  in 
any  place  in  the  colony,  or  in  any  other  place  where  it  has 
been  proposed  to  settle  your  school.  These  privileges,  we 
think,  are  valuable  and  worthy  your  consideration,  and  also  of 
those  honourable  and  worthy  gentlemen  in  England  to  whom 
you  have  committed  the  decision  of  the  affair,  and  from  the 
friendly  disposition  which  has  so  many  years  past  and  does 
still  reign  in  our  breasts  towards  it,  we  think  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed we  shall  from  time  to  time  be  ready  to  minister  to  its 
support  as  occasion  shall  require  and  our  circumstances  permit. 
We  take  the  liberty  further  to  observe  that  such  has  hitherto 
been  the  peace  and  good  order  (greatly  through  your  instru- 
mentality), obtaining  among  us  that  the  members  of  your 
school  have  all  along  been  as  free  from  temptations  to  any 
vicious  courses  or  danger  of  fatal  error  as  perhaps  might  be 
expected  they  would  be  on  any  spot  of  this  universally  pol- 
luted globe. 

"  Here,  dear  sir,  your  school  has  flourished  remarkably.     It 
has  grown  apace  ;  from,  small  beginnings  how  very  consider- 
able has  it  become ;  an  evidence  that  the  soil  and  climate  suit 
the  institution  —  if  you  transplant  it  you  run  a  risk  of  stinting 
3 


34  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

•  its  growth,  perhaps  of  destroying  its  very  life,  or  at  least  of 
changing  its  nature  and  missing  the  pious  aim  you  have  all 
along  had  in  view ;  a  danger  which  scarce  needs  to  be  hinted, 
as  you  are  sensible  it  has  been  the  common  fate  of  institutions 
of  this  kind  that  charitable  donations  have  been  misapplied 
and  perverted  to  serve  purposes  very  far  from  or  contrary  to 
those  the  pious  donors  had  in  view ;  such  is  the  subtilty  of  the 
old  serpent  that  he  will  turn  all  our  weapons  against  ourselves 
if  possible.  Aware  of  this,  you  have  all  along  appeared  to 
decline  and  even  detest  all  such  alliances  and  proposals  as  were 
calculated  for,  or  seemed  to  promise  any  private  emolument  to 
your  self  or  your  friends.  This,  we  trust,  is  still  your  prevail- 
ing temper,  and  rejoice  to  hear  that  your  friends  and  those 
who  are  intrusted  with  the  affair  in  England  are  exactly  in 
the  same  sentiments,  happy  presage  not  only  of  the  contin- 
uance of  the  institution  itself  but  we  hope  of  its  immutability 
as  to  place.  One  thing  more  we  beg  leave  to  mention  (not 
to  tire  your  patience  with  the  many  that  occur),  viz.  if 
you  remove  the  school  from  us,  you,  at  the  same  time,  take 
away  our  Minister,  the  light  of  our  eyes  and  joy  of  our  hearts, 
under  whose  ministrations  we  have  sat  with  great  delight  ; 
whose  labors  have  been  so  acceptable,  and  we  trust  profitable, 
for  a  long  time ;  must,  then,  our  dear  and  worthy  Pastor  and 
his  pious  institution  go  from  us  together  ?  Alas,  shall  we  be 
deprived  of  both  in  one  day  ?  We  are  sensible  that  we  have 
abused  such  privileges  and  have  forfeited  them  ;  and  at  God's 
bar  we  plead  guilty  —  we  pray  Him  to  give  us  repentance  and 
reformation,  and  to  lengthen  out  our  happy  state  ;  we  own 
the  justice  of  God  in  so  heavy  losses,  if  they  must  be  inflicted  ; 
and  even  in  the  removal  of  our  Candlestick  out  of  its  place, 
but  we  can't  bear  the  thought  that  you  our  Dear  Pastor  and 
the  dear  friends  to  your  pious  institution  should  become  the 
executioners  of  such  a  vengeance.  However,  we  leave  the 
matter  with  you,  and  are  with  much  duty  and  filial  regard, 
dear  sir,  Your  very  humble  servants  or  rather  obedient  chil- 
dren. 

u  By  order  of  said  Society,  ISEAEL  WOODWARD, 

JAMES  PINNEO, 
ASAHEL  CLARK,  JR." 

"June  29.  1767." 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  35 

Tliis  interesting  document  bears  the  same  date  with  Mr. 
Wheelock's  Doctorate  in  Divinity,  from  the  University  of 
Edinburgh. 

Dr.  Wheelock,  appreciating  the  importance  of  a  better 
knowledge  of  the  comparative  advantages  of  the  various  pro- 
posed locations,  finally  determined  to  commission  trustworthy 
agents,  to  make  thorough  explorations.  We  give  his  lan- 
guage, in  substance  : 

"  LEBANON,  CONNECTICUT,  July  20,  1768. 

"  .Whereas  the  number  in  my  Indian  Charity  School  is  now, 
by  the  blessing  of  God,  become  so  large  as  that  it  is  necessary 
the  place  where  to  fix  it  should  be  speedily  determined,  and 
so  many  and  generous  have  been  the  offers  made  for  that  pur- 
pose by  gentlemen  of  character  and  distinction  in  several 
neighboring  governments,  I  do,  therefore,  hereby  authorize 
and  appoint  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ebenezer  Cleaveland,  of  Gloucester, 
in  the  province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  my  son,  Ralph 
Wheelock  (while  the  Rev.  Dr.  Whitaker  is  performing  the 
like  part  in  Pennsylvania)  in  my  name  and  stead,  to  wait 
upon  his  Excellency  John  Went  worth,  Esq.,  Governor  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  his  associates  in  office,  to  know  what 
countenance  and  encouragement  they  will  give  to  accommo- 
date and  endow  said  school,  in  case  it  should  be  fixed  in  the 
western  part  of  that  province." 

Deep  interest  in  Dr.  Wheelock's  work  being  manifested  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Allen  and  others,  at  Pittsfield ;  Timothy  Wood- 
bridge  and  others,  at  Stockbridge;1  and  Abraham  J.  Lansing, 
the  founder  of  Lansingburg,2  and  many  others  in  that  Prov- 
ince, they  were  also  instructed  to  extend  their  explorations 
to  Western  Massachusetts  and  to  New  York. 

The  following  is  the  material  portion  of  Mr.  Cleaveland's 
report : 

" 1  waited  upon  his  Excellency   John  Wentworth,  Esq., 

Governor  of  New  Hampshire.     He  appeared  very  friendly  to 

the  design  —  promised  to  grant  a  township,  six  miles  square, 

to  the  use  of  the  school,  provided  it  should  be  fixed  in  that 

1  See  Appendix.  2  See  Appendix. 


86  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

Province,  and  that  he  would  use  his  influence  that  his  Majesty 
should  give  the  quit-rents  to  the  school,  to  be  free  from  charge 
of  fees  except  for  surveying.  Esquire  Whiting,  the  Deputy 
Surveyor,  being  present,  offered  his  assistance  to  look  out  the 
township  and  survey  it,  and  give  the  service  to  the  school. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor  recommended  him  to  me  for  that 
purpose  (since  which,  we  found  Landaff,  a  good  township,  to 
have  forfeited  the  charter,  of  which  we  advised  the  Governor, 
and  were  informed  [that]  he  promised  to  reserve  it  for  the 
school).  After  spending  a  few  days  on  our  way  with  gentle- 
men of  the  lower  towns,  who  appeared  universally  desirous 
that  the  school  should  come  into  that  Province,  and  were 
generous  in  their  offers  to  encourage  the  same,  but  proposed 
their  donations,  generally,  where  their  interests  in  land  lay 
we  proceeded  to  Plymouth,  Romney,  and  Compton,  where 
Mr.  Whiting  left  me.  Five  thousand  acres  of  land  were  pro- 
posed to  be  given,  on  condition  the  school  be  fixed  in  either  qf 
these  towns.  Seventy-five  pounds  sterling  and  twenty  thou- 
sand feet  of  boards  (besides  land)  are  offered  on  condition  it 
should  be  fixed  in  Compton.  The  arguments  used  for  fixing 
the  school  here  are  —  't  is  the  centre  of  that  province  ;  good 
and  easy  portage  by  land  and  water  to  Portsmouth  and  New- 
bury  ;  but  twenty-seven  miles  further  than  Connecticut  river 
from  the  Indians. 

u  From  thence  I  travelled  to  Cohos,  on  Connecticut  river  ; 
the  inhabitants  of  that  new  country  were  universally  much 
engaged  to  have  the  school  fixed  there,  both  from  a  respect  to 
Dr.  Wheelock's  person  and  a  regard  to  the  general  design ;  it 
would  be  too  lengthy  to  mention  the  particular  offers  that  were 
generously  made.  Besides  what  has  been  already  mentioned, 
upwards  of  sixteen 'thousand  acres  are  already  subscribed, 
chiefly  by  gentlemen  of  the  most  noted  and  public  characters 
in  the  Province  of  New  Hampshire  ;  and  more  is  subscrib- 
ing to  have  it  fixed  in  the  country  of  Cohos.  Besides  which, 
large  subscriptions  have  been  made  and  are  still  making  which 
centre  in  particular  towns,  the  principal  of  which  and  those 
where  I  was  advised,  and  thought  proper  to  take  the  most  par- 
ticular view,  were  Haverhill  and  Orford.  These  places  are 
about  equally  distant  from  Portsmouth,  ninety -two  miles, 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  37 

thirty  of  which  is  good  water  carriage,  the  rest  may  be  made 
a  good  wagon  road.  In  this  new  country  there  are  more  than 
two  hundre'd  towns  chartered,  settled,  and  about  to  settle,  and' 
generally  of  a  religious  people,  which  do,  and  soon  will,  want 
ministers ;  and  they  have  no  college  or  public  seminary  of 
learning  for  that  purpose  in  that  Province,  which  want  they 
apprehend  may  be  supplied  by  this  school  without  any  disad- 
vantage to,  or  interfering  in  the  least,  with  the  general  design 
of  it.  These  places  are  situate  about  forty  miles  nearer  to 
the  Six  Nations  than  the  place  where  the  school  now  is  ;  they 
are  about  one  hundred  miles  from  Mount  Royal  and  about 
sixty  from  Crown  Point ;  and,  perhaps,  about  sixty  from  the 
Indians  at  St.  Francis,  to  whom  there  is  water  portage  by 
Connecticut  and  St.  Francis  Rivers,  except  a  mile  or  two ; 
there  is  also  water  carriage  from  hence  by  the  Lakes  and  St. 
Lawrence  River,  etc.,  by  the  Six  Nations  and  the  tribes  many  • 
hundred  miles  west,  except  very  small  land  carriages.  Pop- 
ulation in  this  new  country  is  very  rapid,  and  will  doubtless 
be  much  more  so  if  the  Doctor  should  remove  there  with  his 
school,  and  their  lands  will  soon  bear  a  great  price.  From 
hence  I  went  with  Mr.  John  Wright  (whom  the  Doctor  sent 
to  accompany  me  in  my  further  inquiry)  to  Hatfield,  in  the 
Province  of. the  Massachusetts;  and  found  gentlemen  there 
universally  desirous  to  have  the  school  fixed  in  Berkshire 
County  in  the  western  part  of  that  Province." 

This  region  was  visited  by  them,  as  well  as  New  York. 
During  the  autumn  of  1768,  by  commission  of  Dr.  Wheelock, 
Mr.  Cleaveland,  in  company  with  Mr.  Allen  Mather,  also  at- 
tended a  large  "  Congress  "  of  several  Indian  tribes,  at  Fort 
Stanwix.  In  his  report,  after  referring  to  friendly  conference 
with  other  chiefs,  he  says :  u  I  also  saw  one  from  Caghnawaga 
near  Montreal,  who  desired  to  know  if  he  could  get  his  son 
into  Dr.  Wheelock's  school,  and  manifested  a  great  desire  to 
send  him.  I  told  him  there  was  talk  of  the  school's  going  to 
Cohos.  He  said  if  it  should  be  fixed  there,  he  believed  that 
many  of  that  tribe  would  send  their  children  to  it."  *  This 
Canadian  chief's  statement  was  considered,  most  carefully, 
by  Dr.  Wheelock.  The  proper  documents  were  forwarded 

1  See  Appendix. 


38  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

with  the  least  practicable  delay  to  the  English  Trustees,  and 
elicited  the  following  response  : 

"  LONDON,  3d  April,  1769. 

44  REVEREND  SIR  :  —  Last  week  we  received  your  letters  of 
the  22d  and  23d  December,  1768,  and  10th  of  January, 
1769 ;  and  being  convinced  how  necessary  it  is  for  the  pros- 
perity of  your  pious  institution,  as  well  as  for  the  peace  of 
your  own  mind,  that  a  place  should  be  fixed  upon  for  the 
future  establishment  of  your  school  as  soon  as  possible,  we 
have  .  attentively  considered  the  report  of  Mr.  Ebenezer 
Cleaveland,  whom  you  employed  to  take  a  view  of  the  sev- 
eral spots  proposed  for  that  purpose,  together  with  the  other 
papers  which  have  now  and  heretofore  been  transmitted  to  us 
relative  to  that  matter ;  and,  upon  weighing  the  several  gen- 
erous offers  and  proposals  that  have  been  made  to  you  by 
gentlemen  of  different  governments  for  the  benevolent  pur- 
pose of  promoting  the  important  design  of  your  institution, 
and  the  reasons  that  have  been  offered  or  have  occurred  to  us 
in  support  of  each,  we  are  unanimously  of  opinion  that  the 
most  advantageous  situation  for  carrying  on  the  great  pur- 
poses of  your  school,  will  be  in  one  of  the  townships  belong- 
ing to  the  District  of  Cowas,  in  the  Government  of  New 
Hampshire,  agreeable  to  the  proposal  of  Governor  Went- 
worth  and  the  gentlemen  who  have  generously  expressed  their 
intention  of  contributing  to  that  design ;  but  whether  Haver- 
hill  or  Orford  may  be  the  most  eligible  for  this  purpose,  we 
must  leave  to  your  judgment  to 'determine.  According  to  the 
best  information  we  can  procure  of  the  state  of  those  towns, 
we  think  you  may  possibly  give  the  preference  to  the  former, 
especially  if  the  farm  which  you  mention  as  very  convenient 
for  an  immediate  supply  of  provisions,  can  be  procured  upon 
reasonable  terms. 

"  We  found  our  opinion,  principally,  upon  this  reason,  that  it 
appears  to  us  that  Cowas  is  the  most  central  of  the  situations 
that  have  been  proposed  between  the  Indians  of  the  Six  Na- 
tions, on  the  one  hand,  and  those  of  St.  Francis  and  of  the 
other  tribes  to  the  eastward,  on  the  other ;  and  that  it  is  not 
inferior  to  any  of  the  rest  in  other  respects.  For  this  reason, 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  39 

we  cannot  but  recommend  to  you  to  accept  the  offers  of  Gov- 
ernor Wentworth  and  the  Gentlemen  in  New  Hampshire. 
And  we  heartily  pray  that  the  same  good  Providence  which 
has  so  remarkably  blessed  your  undertaking  hitherto,  may 
continue  to  protect  and  prosper  it  in  its  farther  progress,  and 
may  prolong  your  life,  that  you  may  have  the  satisfaction  to 
see  it  fixed  upon  such  a  plan  as  may  afford  a  reasonable  hope 
of  answering  all  the  good  purposes  you  have  in  view. 
"  We  are,  Reverend  Sir, 

"  Your  most  obedient  servants, 

DARTMOUTH, 
S.  S.  SMYTHE, 
SAMUEL  ROFFEY, 
JOHN  THORNTON, 
DANIEL  WEST, 
CHARLES  HARDY, 
SAMUEL  SAVAGE, 
Jos.  ROB  ARTS, 
ROBERT  KEEN." 

"  RECEIVED  August  10,  1769." 


CHAPTER  VI. 

A   COLLEGE   CHABTEE. 

THE  long-protracted  efforts  of  Mr.  Wheelock,1  to  provide 
legal  safeguards  for  donations  in  aid  of  his  great  work,  now 
demand  careful  attention. 

The  deed  of  Mr.  Joshua  More,  conveying  two  acres  of  land 
with  buildings  attached,  was  dated  July  17,  1755,  a  short  time 
previous  to  his  death.  Mr.  Wheelock  now  placed  himself 
in  confidential  relations  with  two  eminent  lawyers  in  New 
York,  William  Smith,  and  his  son  William  Smith,  Jr.,  the 
latter  of  whom,  perhaps,  may  be  said  to  have  left  his  impress 
upon  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  through  his  dis- 
tinguished pupil,  Gouverneur  Morris.  The  correspondence,  at 
first,  seems  to  have  been  chiefly  with  Mr.  Smith,  Senior. 
August  6,  1755,  he  writes  to  Mr.  Wheelock  :  "  The  means  for 
the  accomplishment  of  so  charitable  a  design  seem  at  present 
very  imperfect."  He  suggests,  that  there  is  "  no  incorpora- 
tion "  of  Mr.  Wheelock  and  the  other  gentlemen  to  whom  Mr. 
More  conveyed  the  property  ;  that  the  deed  contains  "  no 
consideration  ;  "  and  that  the  estate  is  at  most  only  "  for 
life."  He  advises  Mr.  Wheelock,  at  least,  to  procure  a  better 
deed,  which  was  afterwards  executed  by  Mrs.  More.  The 
death  of  Mr.  Wheelock's  most  influential  and  valuable  associ- 
ate trustee,  ex-President  Williams,  only  a  few  days  after  the 
conveyance  by  Mr.  More,  was  a  severe  loss,  and  a  temporary 
embarrassment  to  his  associates.  But  Mr.  Wheelock  deter- 
mined to  proceed  in  his  efforts  for  an  incorporation,  relying 
mainly  upon  the  dictates  of  his  own  judgment  for  direction. 
After  the  lapse  of  some  five  years,  in  February,  1760,  he 

1  It  will  be  observed  that  the  appropriate  title,  at  the  period  under  considera- 
ation,  is  given  to  the  founder  of  the  college  here  as  elsewhere  in  this  work. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  41 

gives  the  results  to  Mr.  Smith,  in  language  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  the  substance :  "  We  sent  home  some  years  ago  for 
the  royal  favor  of  a  Charter.  Lord  Halifax  approved  the 
design,  but  [to  save  expense]  advised,  instead  of  a  Charter, 
the  establishment  of  the  school  by  a  law  of  Connecticut  Col- 
ony, and  promised  that  when  sent  there  it  should  be  ratified 
in  Council,  which  he  supposed  would  be  as  sufficient  as  any 
act  there.  Hereupon  I  attended  our  Assembly,  in  May,  1758, 
with  a  memorial,  the  prayer  of  which  was  granted  by  the 
House  of  Representatives  ;  the  Governor  and  Council  nega- 
tived it,  upon  the  ground  that  their  action  would  not  be  valid, 
if  ratified  in  England,  beyond  this  Colony,  and  that  a  corpora- 
tion within  a  corporation  might  be  troublesome,  as  Yale  Col- 
lege had  sometimes  been.  I  am  since  informed  that  the  Earl 
of  Dartmouth  has  promised,  if  the  matter  shall  be  put  into  a 
proper  channel,  to  undertake  and  go  through  with  it  at  his 
own  expense." 

Thus  it  appears  that  Lord  Dartmouth  was  desirous  of  aid- 
ing Mr.  Wheelock  by  his  influence,  and  otherwise,  long  before 
being  asked  by  him  for  pecuniary  aid.  In  explanation  of  the 
governor's  objections,  it  should  be  stated,  that  Mr.  Wheelock 
desired  such  an  incorporation  as  would  enable  him  to  locate 
his  school  in  any  of  the  American  Colonies,  and  that  there  was 
just  at  that  period  an  earnest  contest  between  the  corporation 
of  Yale  College,  led  by  President  Clap,  and  the  Colonial 
government,  in  regard  to  the  control  of  that  institution. 

Nothing  having  been  accomplished  in  the  meantime,  Mr. 
Wheelock  writes  in  July,  1763,  to  his  friend,  Dr.  Erskine,  as 
follows :  "  Governor  Fitch  privately  proposes  my  removing 
my  prayer  for  an  incorporation  from  this  government  [Con- 
necticut]. It  is  likely  we  shall  delay  it  till  we  see  the  success 
of  our  suit  for  the  Royal  favor."  In  September  following,  he 
writes  to  his  friend,  Mr.  De  Berdt,  in  London,  that  he  has 
sent  to  him  "  materials,  by  General  Lyman l  and  Colonel 
Dyer,"  2  to  enable  him  to  "  make  application  for  an  incorpora- 
tion." Unsuccessful  as  before  in  England,  for  reasons  which 
will  become  more  apparent  hereafter,  in  May,  1764,  we  find 

1  The  distinguished  Gen.  Phineas  Lyman. 

2  Hon.  Eliphalet  Dyer,  of  Windham. 


42  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Mr.  Wheelock  petitioning  the  Connecticut  Assembly  "  to  in- 
corporate "  six  gentlemen  of  the  Colony,  including  George 
Wyllis,  of  Hartford,  and  himself,  as  legal  guardians  of  his 
school.  But  he  did  not  procure  the  long- desired  incorporation. 

In  1765,  being  about  to  send  solicitors  of  charity  6n  a  larger 
scale  to  England,  Mr.  Wheelock  decided  to  make  yet  one 
more  effort  there  for  an  act  of  incorporation.  A  letter  from 
Mr.  Smith,  written  evidently  about  this  time,  no  date  being 
attached,  contains  advice  to  Mr.  Wheelock  in  which  we  trace 
one  of  the  most  prominent  features  of  the  Charter.  He  pro- 
poses, in  substance :  "  an  application  to  the.  King  for  a  short 
Charter  incorporating,  First,  A  sett  of  gentlemen  in  the  Colo- 
nies near  Mr.  Wheelock,  who  shall  have  all  the  power  of  a  cor- 
poration, as  to  managing  estates,  supplying  vacancies,  etc. 
Second,  Another  sett  in  England  and  elsewhere  in  Europe, 
who  shall  be  correspondents  of  the  first  sett,  and  only  have 
the  general  power  of  securing  donations  to  be  transferred  to 
them." 

Lord  Dartmouth  and  the  other  gentlemen  in  England  who 
were  constituted,  by  Mr.  Wheelock,  a  Board  of  Trust  for  the 
moneys  collected  in  that  country,  by  Messrs.  Occom  and 
Whitaker,  seem  to  have  thought  this  private  incorporation 
amply  sufficient  for  the  security  of  these  funds.  In  writing  to 
Mr.  Keen,  in  November,  1767,  Mr.  (now  Dr.)  Wheelock  al- 
ludes to  the  fact  that  this  gentleman  had  expressed  an  opinion 
that  his  successor  should  be  "  in  all  respects  accountable  to  the 
present  Trust."  Although  dissenting  from  this  opinion,  Dr. 
Wheelock  seems' to  have  been  prudent  and  conciliatory  in  his 
intercourse  with  his  worthy  benefactors,  wisely  deeming  it  an 
object  of  primary  importance  to  raise  the  requisite  funds  for 
his  operations. 

Messrs.  Occom  and  Whitaker  having  fulfilled  their  mission 
abroad,  and  generous  promises  of  aid  having  been  made  by 
Governor  Wentworth,  we  find  Dr.  Wheelock,  in  October, 
1768,  writing  to  him  as  follows :  "  As  soon  as  the  place  to 
fix  the  school  shall  have  been  determined  to  be  in  your  Prov- 
ince, I  will  appoint  your  Excellency,  or  the  Governor  for  the 
time  being,  to  be  a  Trustee  on  this  side  the  water  till  a  legal 
incorporation  may  be  obtained."  This  shows  that  Dr. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  43 

Wheelock  was  not  averse  to  a  judicious  admixture  of  the 
clerical  and  lay  elements  in  the  Board  of  Trust,  although 
the  Trustees  named  in  his  will,  the  germ  of  the  charter,  were 
clergymen. 

The  suggestion  seems  to  have  been  most  kindly  received  by 
Governor  Wentworth.  Dr.  Wheelock  now  determined  to  avail 
himself  of  the  aid  of  his  firm  and  valuable  friend,  Rev.  Dr. 
Langdon,  of  Portsmouth.  A  letter  from  him  to  this  gentle- 
man is  as  follows  : 

"  LEBANON,  April  7,  1769. 

"REVEREND  AND  DEAR  SIR,  —  Yours  by  Captain  Gush- 
man  is  safe  arrived,  and  I  have  considered  the  contents.  And 
for  several  reasons  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  will  be  best  that 
the  Trustees  be  the  same  for  the  present,  as  I  have  already 
appointed  in  my  will,  which  I  have  made  at  the  desire  of  the 
Trust  in  England,  whose  names  were,,  with  the  will,  some  time 
ago  transmitted  to  them.  The  affair  is  very  delicate,  and  as 
such  must  be  conducted,  or  it  will  disgust  those  worthy  gen- 
tlemen, and  overset  all.  Their  sentiments  of  an  incorpora- 
tion have  been  differing  from  mine.  They  have  insisted  that 
I  should  conduct  the  whole  affair  without  one,  and  that  my 
successor  should  be  nominated  and  appointed  by  my  will. 
Experience,  they  think,  has  fully  taught  them  that,  by  means 
of  an  incorporation,  such  designs  become  jobs,  and  are  soon 
ruined  thereby.  ,  They  choose  to  hold  the  moneys  collected 
there  in  their  own  hands  for  this  purpose,  and  accordingly 
have  publicly  declared  their  Trust  of  the  same  under  their 
hands  and  seals,  and  have  disposed  of  it,  as  their  wisdom  di- 
rected, for  the  benefit  of  the  school.  I  have,  therefore,  after 
much  study  and  consultation  in  the  affair,  appointed  two  setts 
of  Trustees,  namely,  those  in  England  who  have  voluntarily 
condescended  to  make  themselves  so,  to  take  care  of  whatever 
concerns  the  object  in  view  on  that  side  the  water  ;  and  a  sett 
in  this  vicinity,  to  take  care  of  and  perform  whatever  shall 
concern  it  on  this  side.  I  have  appointed  a  successor,  to  take 
care  of  the  school,  etc.,  only  till  he  shall  be  approved  and 
confirmed  by  the  concurrence  of  both  setts  of  Trustees,  or 
till  they  all  agree  in  another,  nominated  by  either  and  ap- 
proved by  both,  each  sett  to  have  power  to  supply  vacancies 


44  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

in  their  Trust,  made  by  death  or  resignation,  by  the  major 
vote  of  the  survivors  ;  something  like  this  I  conceive  will  be 
most  agreeable  to  the  Right  Honorable,  Honorable,  and  gener- 
ous benefactors  who  have  accepted  the  Trust  in  England,  and 
I  apprehend  it  will  make  the  design  popular  and  respectable. 

"  The  Trustees  here  will  hold  and  have  the  disposal  of 
lands  given  in  America  for  this  use  ;  and  I  apprehend  it  will 
be  proper  for  his  Majesty's  Governor  of  the  Province  for  the 
time  being  to  be  a  Trustee,  but  at  present  I  have  not  light 
enough  to  determine  a  propriety  in  making  his  Majesty  him- 
self one  on  this  side  the  water. 

"  I  have  several  reasons,  which  appear  to  me  weighty,  for 
having  the  body  of  the  Trustees  first  incorporated  in  this  vi- 
cinity. 

"  1.  They  will  be  at  hand  to  conduct  the  affairs  of  the 
school-,  missionaries,  schoolmasters,  etc.,  till  I  can  get  settled 
in  the  wilderness,  which  will  be  impracticable,  if  they  are 
at  the  distance  of  Portsmouth. 

"  2.  Several  of  the  Trustees  talk  of  removing  with  me  to 
settle  in  that  vicinity ;  and  if  so,  they  may  for  a  time  act  as 
a  committee,  till  a  sufficient  number  suitable  for  that  Trust 
shall  be  settled  (as  you  will  observe  will  be  expedient)  near 
to  the  school. 

"  3.  Till  this  be  done,  my  connections  will  likely  be  such  as 
will  oblige  me  to  make  frequent  visits  to  these  parts,  where  we 
may  have  a  full  meeting  of  the  Board  without  any  expense. 

"  4.  Gentlemen  here  have  been  so  much  concerned  in  Indian 
affairs,  that  I  suppose  it  not  to  be  immodest  to  say  ceteris 
paribus,  they  are  at  present  better  qualified  to  act  therein 
than  those  who  will  have  to  encounter  a  thousand  dangers  and 
difficulties  before  unthought  of. 

"  5.  By  having  the  body  corporate  here,  I  can  claim  a  val- 
uable subscription  of  <£400  or  X500  for  the  use  and  support 
of  the  school,  payable  as  soon  as  it  becomes  a  body  corporate, 
besides  a  tenement  in  this  place,  given  for  the  same  purpose. 

"  If  the  school  should  once  be  settled  in  those  parts,  it  is 
likely  population  will  proceed  with  much  greater  rapidity 
than  ever,  and  the  whole  will  be  soon  effected. 

" 1  design  to  consult  some  gentlemen  of  the  law  relative  to 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  45 

an  incorporation,  and  get  a  rough  draught  made,  with  a  view 
to  save  time  if  the  School  should  be  fixed  in  your  Province. 
Please  to  discourse  his  Excellency  of  thoughts  I  have  here 
suggested,  and  transmit  such  remarks  as  he  shall  please  to 
make  thereon.  Please  to  commend  my  respects  suitably  to 
him,  and  accept  the  same  yourself  from,  reverend  and  dear 
sir,  Your  Friend  and  Brother,  etc., 

"  ELEAZAE,  WHEELOCK." 

"  Colonel  Wyllis  and  Esquire  Ledyard,"  of  Hartford,  were 
among  Dr.  Wheelock's  legal  advisers  in  1768,  and  probably 
at  this  period. 

June  7,  1769,  we  find  Dr.  Wheelock  addressing  Governor 
Went  worth  as  follows  : 

" 1  have  been  making  some  attempt  to  form  a  Charter,  in 
which  some  proper  respect  may  be  shown  to  those  generous 
benefactors  in  England  who  have  condescended  to  patronize 
this  school,  and  I  want  to  be  informed  whether  you  tliink  it 
consistent  to  make  the  Trust  in  England  a  distinct  corpora- 
tion, with  power  to  hold  real  estate,  etc.,  for  the  uses  and  pur- 
poses of  this  school." 

But  the  impress  of  Governor  Wentworth  does  not  appear 
till  a  somewhat  later  period.  August  22, 1769,  Dr.  Wheelock 
informs  him  that  he  is  about  to  present  him  a  "  rough 
draught "  of  a  Charter,  for  an  "  Academy,"  adding  this  some- 
what significant  postscript :  "  Sir,  if  you  think  proper  to  use 
the  word  College  instead  of  Academy  in  the  Charter,  I  shall 
be  well  pleased  with  it." 

Dr.  Wheelock's  son-in-law,  Mr.  Alexander  Phelps,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Whitaker  seem  to  have  been  the  principal  agents  to  con- 
fer with  Governor  Wentworth  in  regard  to  the  Charter. 

October  18,  1769,  he  gives  his  views  at  length,  in  a  letter 
to  Dr.  Wheelock,  advising  some  amendments.  Proposing 
some  additions  to  the  Board  of  Trust,  he  says :  "  The  nomi- 
nation of  the  Provincial  officers  I  strongly  recommend,  though 
I  do  not  insist  upon.  It  was  indeed  resolved  on  my  side  that 
the  Governor  should  be  one  "  of  the  Board.  "  That  I  did  not 
mention  any  other  than  the  Governor  can  by  no  means  be  pre- 
clusive.  Neither  did  I  so  intend  it.  The  three  Provincial 


46  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

officers  will  be  a  natural  defense,  honor  and  security  to  the 
institution." 

The  following  letter  indicates  that  Governor  Wentworth 
had  eminent  legal  counsel : 

"  REV.  SIB  :  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  conferring  with 
Colonel  Phelps  on  the  affair  of  the  College  proposed  to  be 
erected  here.  You  '11  find  some  alterations  in  the  scheme  and 
draft  of  the  Charter  ;  they  are  supposed  to  be  amendments, 
and  I  think  they,  to  say  the  least,  will  not  be  impediments. 
I  cannot  stay  to  enumerate  them  ;  the  Charter  will  show  them 
and  the  Colonel  will  be  able  to  explain  the  grounds  and  reasons 
of  them.  I  have  spent  some  considerable  time  with  the  Gov- 
ernor to  form  the  plan  in  such  a  manner  as  will  make  it  most 
beneficial,  and  to  prevail  on  him  to  make  such  concessions  as 
would  suit  the  gentlemen  with  you.  I  am  apt  to  think  the 
plan  will  be  more  serviceable  as  it  now  stands  than  as  it  was 
before. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  serve  the  cause,  and  have  persuaded 
Colonel  Phelps  to  communicate  it  before  the  finishing  stroke, 
though  it  will  cost  him  another  journey.  I  have  only  to  add 
that  I  am,  with  great  esteem, 

"  Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

"  WILLIAM  PARKER. 

"PORTSMOUTH,  October  28,   1769." 

Six  Connecticut  clergymen,  selected  by  Dr.  Wheelock, 
with  one  member  of  the  Connecticut  Colonial  government, 
GoVernor  Wentworth,  with  three  of  his  Council,  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  New  Hampshire  House  of  Representatives, 
were  constituted  the  first  Board  of  Trust.  This  arrangement, 
the  result  of  friendly  negotiation,  appears  to  have  been  satis- 
factory to  both  parties. 

October  25,  1769,  Dr.  Wheelock  writes  to  Governor  Went- 
worth, expressing  much  satisfaction  with  his  "  catholic  views," 
and  warm  .friendship,  as  indicated  by  his  letter  of  the  18th, 
and  says :  "  If  your  Excellency  shall  see  fit  in  your  wisdom 
and  goodness  to  complete  the  Charter  desired,  and  it  will  be 
the  least  satisfaction  to  you  to  christen  the  House  to  be  built 
after  your  own  name,  it  will  be  exceedingly  grateful  to  me, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  47 

and  I  believe  to  all  concerned."  He  deems  it  important  that 
the  public  should  understand,  "  that  the  benevolent  charities 
are  not  designed  to  be  applied  merely  and  exclusively  to  the 
advancement  of  sectaries,  with  a  fixed  view  to  discourage  the 
Established  Church  of  England."  It  should  here  be  remarked 
that  three  of  the  original  Trustees  of  the  College  were  .nomi- 
nally Episcopalians,  and  the  remaining  nine  were,  most  or  all, 
nominally  Congregationalists,  although  some  had  Presbyterian 
tendencies. 

In  writing  to  Lord  Dartmouth,  March  12,  1770,  after  re- 
ferring to  the  "  enclosed  copy  of  incorporation,"  which  was 
dated  December  13,  1769,  President  Wheelock  says :  "  Gov- 
ernor Wentworth  thought  best  to  reject  that  clause  in  my 
draught  of  the  Charter  which  gave  the  Honorable  Trust  in 
England  equal  power  with  the  Trustees  here  to  nominate  and 
appoint  the  president,  from  time  to  time,  apprehending  it 
would  make  the  body  too  unwieldy,  but  he  cheerfully  consented 
that  I  should  express  my  gratitude  and  duty  to  your  Lord- 
ship, by  christening  after  your  name ;  and  as  there  seemed  to 
be  danger  of  many  embarrassments,  in  many  ways,  in  the 
present  ruffled  and  distempered  state  of  the  kingdom,  I  thought 
prudent  to  embrace  the  first  opportunity  to  accomplish  it." 
The  letter  indicates  that  Dr.  Wheelock  determined  what 
should  be  the  name  of  the  institution  without  conferring  with 
his  distinguished  benefactor  on  that- point. 

That  the  English  Trustees  were  somewhat  dissatisfied,  tem- 
porarily, with  the  measure  of  responsibility  assumed  by  Dr. 
Wheelock,  there  is  no  doubt.  But  nearly  perfect  harmony 
was  restored,  by  the  prudence  of  that  excellent  diplomatist. 
In  writing  to  these  gentlemen,  June  20,  1771,  he  says  :  "  I 
am  confident  that,  had  you  been  upon  the  spot,  you  would 
have  approved  every  step  I  have  taken,  unless  it  was  my  at- 
tempt to  effect  so  great  an  affair  as  settling  in  this  wilderness 
in  so  short  a  time,  which  the  event  has  fully  justified,  although 
my  trials  have  been  very  great."  He  also  expresses  the 
opinion,  that,  if  they  will  compare  his  plan  proposed  in  his 
former  letters  with  his  procedure  since,  they  will  find  that  he 
has  "  invariably  kept  the  same  object  in  view."  Later  rec- 
ords indicate  that  President  Wheelock  still  numbered  Lord 


48  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

Dartmouth  and  others  of  the  English  Board  among  his  faith- 
ful friends.  Although  not  officially  connected  with  the  col- 
lege, they  evidently  cherished  an  abiding  interest  in  its  wel- 
fare. 

The  Charter,  so  remarkable  in  its  history,  is  a  valuable  and 
an  enduring  monument  to  the  genius,  skill,  and  learning  of 
its  distinguished  framers.1  Like  the  Charters  of  Harvard  and 
Yale,  it  indicates  that  the  clergy  were  regarded,  generally,  as 
the  best  depositaries  of  educational  trusts.  In  the  former 
case,  the  "teaching  elders"  of  the  "six  next  adjoining 
towns  "  were  ex-officio,  "  Overseers  ;  "  in  the  latter,  the  orig- 
inal Trustees  were  all  clergymen.  It  may  safely  be  asserted 
that,  of  the  large  number  of  eminent  gentlemen,  who,  as 
Trustees,  have  administered  the  affairs  of  Dartmouth  College, 
none  have  been  more  eminent  for  their  wisdom  or  fidelity 
than  the  reverend  clergy. 

1  See  Appendix. 


^*/  ^<^/2r^LzZ^A 


~t€fc,  £nt-~+~^  <*- tJuZ 


^  ^hf^C^i-^~^^A^i 

^£^ 


, 
. 


.  \'  !  V,  (I 


CHAPTER  VII. 

PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK'S  PERSONAL  EXPLORATIONS  IN  NEW 
HAMPSHIRE.  — LOCATION  AT  HANOVER. 

IN  his  "  Narrative  "  for  1771,  President  Wheelock  tells  the 
story  of  Dartmouth's  location  in  the  Granite  State  so  plainly 
and  satisfactorily,  that  we  can  do  no  better  than  to  give  his 
own  recapitulation  and  condensation  of  the  leading  facts. 

u  The  smiles  of  heaven  upon  this  school  were  such  that  it 
appeared  quite  necessary  to  build  to  accommodate  it ;  and  the 
plan  which  I  laid  for  this  purpose  was  to  secure  a  sufficient 
tract  of  good  land  for  the  only  use  and  benefit  of  the  school, 
and  that  the  English  charity  scholars  should  be  led  to  turn 
their  exercises  for  the  relaxation  of  their  minds  from  their 
studies,  and  for  the  preservation  of  health,  from  such  exercises 
as  have  been  frequently  used  by  students  for  these  purposes, 
to  such  manual  labor  as  might  be  subservient  to  the  support 
of  the  school,  thereby  effectually  removing  the  deep  preju- 
dices, so  universal  in  the  minds  of  the  Indians,  against  going 
into  the  business  of  husbandry." 

"  The  necessity  of  building,  and  also  that  I  proposed  to  fix 
it  at  any  distance  where  the  design  might  be  best  served  by 
it,  became  publicly  known,  whereupon  great  numbers  in 
Connecticut  and  in  neighboring  Provinces  made  generous 
offers  to  invite  the  settlement  of  it  in  their  respective  places. 
In  which  affair  I  employed  proper  agents  to  view  the  several 
situations  proposed,  and  hear  the  several  arguments  and 
reasons  that  might  be  offered  by  the  solicitors  for  it,  and 
make  a  faithful  report  of  the  same. 

"  The  magistracy  of  the  city  of  Albany  offered  an  interest 
estimated  at  .£2,300  sterling,  besides  private  donations,  which 
it  was  supposed  would  be  large,  to  fix  it  in  that  city.  Several 
other  generous  offers  were  made  to  fix  it  in  that  vicinity. 
His  Excellency,  Sir  Francis  Bernard,  Governor  of  the  Prov- 

4 


50  .DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

ince  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  company  with  two  others, 
offered  2,000  acres  of  good  land* in  a  central  town  1  in  the 
county  of  Berkshire  in  said  Province.  To  which  were  added 
several  other  donations,  amounting  in  the  whole  to  2,800  acres 
of  land,  and  a  subscription  said  to  be  about  .£800  sterling. 
Also  generous  offers  were  made  to  it  in  Stockbridge  and  other 
towns  in  that  Province.  Several  generous  offers  were  made 
by  particular  towns  and  parishes  in  the  Colony  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  particularly  to  continue  it  where  it  had  its  rise.  But 
the  country  being  so  filled  up  with  inhabitants,  it  was  not 
practicable  to  get  so  large  a  tract  of  lands  as  was  thought  to 
be  most  convenient  and  useful  for  it  in  those  old  settlements. 
The  Honorable  Trust  in  England  gave  the  preference  to  the 
western  part  of  the  Province  of  New  Hampshire,  on  Connecti- 
cut river,  as  the  site  of  the  school." 

Before  this  period  he  "  began  to  be  convinced  by  many 
weighty  reasons  that  a  greater  proportion  of  English  youth 
must  be  prepared  for  missionaries  to  take  entirely  the  lead  of 
the  affairs  in  the  wilderness."  He  also  was  deeply  impressed 
with  the  want  of  ministers  in  a  large  number  of  towns,  nearly 
two  hundred  in  all,  just  then  newly  settling  in  the  Connecti- 
cut valley.  In  view  of  all  the  circumstances,  and  especially 
the  fact  that  there  was  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  many 
young  men  who  had  the  ministry  in  view  to  seek  preparation 
for  it  elsewhere,  than  at  Yale  or  Harvard,  he  felt  it  his  duty 
to  adhere  to  his  plan  of  extension. 

"  As  neither  the  Honorable  Trust  in  England  nor  the  Char- 
ter had  fixed  upon  the  particular  town  or  spot  on  which  the 
buildings  should  be  erected,  wherefore  to  complete  the  matter, 
as  soon  as  the  ways  and  streams  would  allow,  I  took  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Pomeroy,  and  Esq.  [Samuel]  Gilbert  (a  gentleman  of 
known  ability  for  such  a  purpose)  with  me  to  examine  thor- 
oughly, and  compare  the  several  places  proposed,  within  the 
limits  prescribed  for  fifty  or  sixty  miles  on  or  near  said  River  ; 
and  to  hear  all  the  reasons  and  arguments  that  could  be  of- 
fered in  favor  of  each  of  them,  in  which  service  we  faithfully 
spent  eight  weeks.  And  in  consequence  of  our  report  and 
representation  of  facts,  the  Trustees  unanimously  agreed  that 
the  southwesterly  corner  of  Hanover  adjoining  upon  Lebanon 

i  Pittsfield. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  51 

was  the  place  above  any  to  fix  it  in  ;  and  that  for  many  rea- 
sons, namely,  it  is  most  central  on  the  River,  and  most  con- 
venient for  transportation  up  and  down  the  River ;  as  near  as 
any  to  the  Indians ;  convenient  for  communication  with 
Crown  Point  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  with  Canada.  The 
situation  is  on  a  beautiful  plain,  the  soil  fertile  and  easy  of 
cultivation.  The  tract  on  which  the  college  is  fixed,  lying 
mostly  in  one  body,  and  convenient  for  improvement,  in  the 
towns  of  Hanover  and  Lebanon,  contains  upwards  of  3,000 
acres." 

We  quote  from  official  records : 

"PORTSMOUTH,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  July  5,  1770. 
"  We,  the  subscribers  nominated  Trustees  of  Dartmouth 
College,  in  the  Charter  of  said  college,  and  being  duly  quali- 
fied as  directed  by  said  Charter,  have  taken  into  consideration 
the  places  whereon  said  college  might  be  situated  ;  and  do 
hereby  certify  that  it  is  our  advice,  opinion  and  vote  that  said 
Dartmouth  College  be  situated  and  erected  upon  lands  in  the 
township  of  Hanover  upon  Connecticut  river. in  the  Province 
aforesaid,  provided  the  lands,  moneys,  and  other  aids  subscribed 
for  the  use  of  said  Dartmouth*  College,  if  placed  in  Hanover 
aforesaid,  be  firmly  and  securely  conveyed  to  the  Trustees  of 
and  for  the  use  of  said  College.  And  also  that  the  said  town 
of  Hanover,  and  Lebanon,  previously  consent  and  petition  to 
the  Legislature  that  a  contiguous  parish  of  at  least  three  miles 
square,  in  and  adjoining  to  these  aforesaid  towns  of  Hanover 
and  Lebanon,  be  set  off  and  incorporated  into  a  separate  and 
distinct  parish  under  the  immediate  jurisdiction  of  the  afore- 
said Dartmouth  College. 

44  In  witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  signed  this  instru- 
ment for  placing  buildings  and  establishing  the  said  college 
in  Hanover  aforesaid,  upon  the  aforesaid  conditions. 

44  J.   WENTWORTH. 

44  THEODORE   ATKINSON. 

"ELEAZAII  WHEELOCK. 

44  GEORGE  JAFFREY. 

44  D.  PIERCE. 

44  P.  OILMAN. 

44  BENJ.  POMEROY." 


52  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"HARTFORD,  17th  July,   1770. 

"  We,  the  subscribers,  being  nominated  Trustees  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  being  duly  qualified  according  to  the  Char- 
ter of  such  college,  do  hereby  agree  to  the  situation  of  said 
college  as  determined  by  the  Trustees  as  above  signed ;  pro- 
vided (in  addition  to  the  conditions  they  have  specified),  that 
Dr.  Wheelock  may  be  accommodated  with  a  suitable  farm,  at 
or  near  the  college ;  apprehending  that  his  past  labors  and 
expenses,  and  his  present  connection  with  said  institution, 
justly  merit  such  consideration. 

"  WM.  PITKIN, 
"  JAMES  LOCKWOOD, 
"  TIMOTHY  PITKIN, 
"  JOHN  SMALLEY." 

The  "  Coos  "  region  now  demands  our  more  careful  atten- 
tion. 

While  southern  New  England  was  largely  occupied  by 
emigrants  from  the  Mother  Country,  and  their  descendants, 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  much  of  its  northern  portions, 
and  especially  the  rich  valley  of  the  upper  Connecticut,  was 
still  covered  with  the  virgin  forests.  As  early  as  1752,  Theo- 
dore Atkinson  (whose  name  will  become  more  familiar  to  us) 
and  others  in  Eastern  New  Hampshire,  had  formed  a  plan  for 
acquiring  and  colonizing  the  best  portion  of  this  unoccupied, 
but  fertile  and  inviting,  basin.  But  the  proud  and  lordly  In- 
dian disputed  their  right  to  invade  this  ancient  and  charming 
hunting-ground,  whose  meadows  almost  spontaneously  pro- 
duced the  choicest  corn,  and  they  desisted  from  their  pur- 
pose. 

The  immediate  occasion  of  the  settlement  of  this  part  of 
the  Connecticut  valley  was  the  French  war.  In  the  progress 
of  that  war,  the  New  England  troops  had  cut  a  road  from  the 
older  settlements  in  the  south  part  of  the  Province  through 
Charlestown,  then  called  No.  4,  to  Crown  Point.  The  soldiers 
in  passing  through  this  valley  became  acquainted  with  its  fer- 
tility and  value. 

The  soil  of  Eastern  Connecticut  being  exhausted  in  some 
measure,  her  hardy  and  enterprising  yeomanry  now  gladly 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  53 

turned  toward  a  region  where  honest  industry  would  find  a 
surer  and  better  reward.  Many  of  them  knew  the  value  of 
religion  by  a  vital  experience,  and  all  knew  the  value  of  sound 
learning  by  experience  or  close  observation. 

The  leading  founders  of  Hanover  were  of  the  highly  re- 
spectable Freeman  family,  of  Mansfield,  Conn.  The  early 
history  of  this  family  in  America  connects  it  with  the  Brad- 
ford and  Prince  families.  The  pioneer  settler  at  Hanover 
was  Edmund  Freeman.  Of  this  worthy  and  enterprising 
man,  sincere  Christian,  earnest  patriot,  and  valuable  coad- 
jutor of  President  Wheelock,  it  is  said :  "  Of  distinguished 
uprightness  and  integrity,  he  commanded  universal  respect 
and  esteem."  Hon.  Jonathan  Freeman  was  his  brother. 

Another  family  to  whom  Hanover  is  largely  indebted  for 
its  solid  foundations  bears  the  no  less  distinguished  name  of 
Storrs,  also  of  Mansfield,  the  old  ancestral  home  of  all,  or 
nearly  all,  of  that  name,  who  in  various  ways  have  been  con- 
spicuous in  giving  "  strength  and  beauty  "  to  American  insti- 
tutions. Of  Joseph  Storrs,  an  early  donor  to  Dartmouth,  it 
is  said :  "  He  was  the  younger  son  of  Samuel  Storrs  the  second, 
and  grandson  of  Samuel  Storrs  the  elder,  from  whom  all  of 
the  name  in  America  are  descended,  excepting  one  family 
near  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  board  of 
selectmen  of  the  town  of  Hanover." 

The  town  contained  about  twenty  families  at  the  period  of 
which  we  are  writing.  The  relations  of  some  other  early  set- 
tlers with  President  Wheelock  deserve  equally  careful  notice. 
John  Wright,  from  Lebanon,  Conn.,  was  a  man  of  marked 
ability  and  decided  religious  character.  He  was  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  new  college,  and  as  pioneer  explorer  and  artisan 
rendered  its  founder  invaluable  aid.  His  name  also  heads  the 
list  of  the  Hanover  donors  of  lands. 

David  Woodward,  formerly  a  parishioner  of  President  Whee- 
lock, and  afterward  widely  known  for 'his  strong  mind,  his 
public  spirit,  and  patriotism,  also  cooperated  earnestly  with 
him  while  he  was  laying  foundations.  His  house  appears  to 
have  furnished  the  venerable  president  his  first  headquarters, 
while  planning  future  operations. 

Nathaniel  Wright,  from  Coventry,  Conn.,  was  a  relation  of 


54  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

John  Wright.  His  descendants  have  honored  the  college,  as 
some  of  them  still  honor  the  memory  of  an  ancestor,  whose 
name  is  inseparably  and  prominently  connected  with  the  civil 
and  religious  history  of  the  town.  His  heart  and  hand  were 
with  President  Wheelock,  and  his  log  cabin  was  a  welcome 
resting-place. 

James  Murch,  one  of  the  more  enterprising  among  the  early 
settlers,  was  also  from  Connecticut,  where  he  had  formed  some 
acquaintance  with  President  Wheelock  and  his  plans.  Upon 
him  it  seems  to  have  devolved,  in  some  measure  at  least,  to 
set  forth  in  homely  but  vigorous  language  the  leading  attrac- 
tions of  this  locality. 

Reverting  to  the  "  Narrative,"  we  give  President  Wheelock's 
own  graphic  account  of  labor  and  privation,  which,  in  view  of 
all  the  circumstances,  has  few  parallels  in  history  : 

"  After  I  had  finished  this  tour  [of  exploration]  and  made 
a  short  stay  at  home,  to  settle  some  affairs,  I  returned  again 
into  the  wilderness,  to  make  provision  for  the  removal  and 
settlement  of  my  family  and  school  there  before  winter.  I 
arrived  in  August  [1770],  and  found  matters  in  such  a  situa- 
tion as  at  once  convinced  me  of  the  necessity  of  being  myself 
upon  the  spot.  And  as  there  was  no  house  conveniently  near, 
I  made  a  hutt  of  logs  about  eighteen  feet  square,  without  stone, 
brick,  glass,  or  nail,  and  with  thirty,  forty,  and  sometimes 
fifty  laborers  appointed  to  their  respective  departments,  I 
betook  myself  to  a  campaign.  I  set  some  to  build  a  house 
for  myself  and  family,  of  forty  by  thirty-two  feet,  and  one 
story  high,  and  others  to  build  a  house  for  my  students  of 
eighty  by  thirty-two,  and  two  stories  high." 

His  family  and  about  twenty  or  thirty  students  arriving  be- 
fore the  completion  of  his  house,  difficulty  in  locating  having 
arisen,  he  says :  "  I  housed  my  stuff  with  my  wife  and  the 
females  of  my  family  in  my  hutt.  My  sons  and  students  made 
booths  and  beds  of  hemlock  boughs,  and  in  this  situation  we 
continued  about  a  month,  till  the  29th  day  of  October,  when 
I  removed  with  my  family  to  my  house." 

A  few  last  words  to  one  who  for  a  long  period  had  regarded 
his  work  with  more  than  fraternal  interest,  and  himself  with 
more  than  fraternal  affection,  fitly  portray  the  state  of  Presi- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  55 

dent  Wheelock's  mind  and  heart  in  those  days  of  toil  and  trial 
and  hope : 

"  FROM  MY  HUTT  IN  HANOVER  WOODS  IN  THE  PROVINCE  OF 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  August  27,  1770. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  —  I  long  to  see  you  and  spend  one  day 
with  you  on  the  affairs  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom.  It  would 
be  vain  to  attempt  to  tell  you  of  the  many  and  great  affairs  I 
am  at  present  involved  in,  in  all  which  I  have  had  much  of  the 
loving-kindness,  faithfulness,  and  goodness  of  God.  I  am  this 
day  sending  for  my  family  and  expect  the  house  will  be  made 
comfortable  for  their  reception  by  the  time  they  arrive.  My 
prospects  are,  by  the  goodness  of  God,  vastly  "encouraging.  A 
series  of  merciful  occurrences  has  persuaded  me  that  God  de- 
signs great  good  to  his  church  among  English  as  well  as  In- 
dians by  this  institution.  I  was  informed  at  Boston,  in  my 
late  journey,  that  the  Commissioners  have  plenty  of  their 
constituents'  money  which  lies  useless  for  want  of  missiona- 
ries, and  for  many  weighty  reasons  I  have  thought  that  the 
Redeemer's  cause  might  be  much  served  by  Mr.  Kirtland's  l 
going  to  their  pay.  This  was  an  important  point  I  wished  tp 
consult  you  in.  Likely  your  own  thoughts  may  suggest  some 
reasons  and  such  as  you  shall  think  sufficient  without  my  dis- 
closing many  that  are  not  public.  If  you  think  favorably  of 
it,  please  to  propose  it  to  them,  as  you  will  likely  have  an 
opportunity  for  before  you  leave  the  continent.  I  have  a 
number  fitted  and  fitting  for  missions  more  than  the  fund 
already  collected  will  support,  and  if  that  may  be  saved,  and 
at  the  same  time  uniformity  and  good  agreement  between  the 
Boards  is  promoted,  it  will  be  well.  I  wrote  you  from  Ded- 
ham  on  my  late  journey  from  Boston.  I  rejoice  to  hear  that 
your  bow  yet  abides  in  strength  ;  that  God  has  once  more 
made  you  useful  in  America.  I  am  chained  here  ;  there  is  no 
probability  that  the  buildings  will  be  seasonably  and  well  ac- 
complished if  I  should  leave  them.  I  don't  expect  to  see  you 
till  we  meet  in  the  general  convention  on  the  other  shore. 
Please  to  favor  me  with  a  line,  and  your  thoughts  on  the 
question  proposed.  You  may  send  from  Boston  by  the  North- 

1  The  modern  orthography  is  Kirkland. 


56  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

field  post,  directed  to  me  at  Hanover  in  this  Province.     Oh, 
how  glad  should  I  be  to  see  you  in  this  wilderness  ! 
"  My  dear  sir,  farewell. 

"  I  am  yours  in  the  dear  Jesus. 

"  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK. 

"  EEV.  GEORGE  WHITEFIELD." 

There  appears  to  have  been  no  subsequent  meeting,  on 
earth,  of  these  eminent  coadjutors  in  all  good  works.  The 
one  was  called  to  his  reward  above,  just  as  the  other  was  be- 
ginning to  enjoy  the  fruition  of  his  labors  on  earth.  Few 
names  deserve  more  honor,  in  connection  with  the  founding 
of  Dartmouth  College,  than  that  of 
GEORGE 


1  Many  things,  which  cannot  be  specified,  illustrating  the  history  of  this  period 
and  others,  are  necessarily  placed  in  the  Appendix. 


O 


O 

<->  -s 


^     e 

0  1 


" 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

COMMENCEMENT  OF  OPEEATIONS.  — COURSE    OF   STUDY.— 
POLICY  OF  ADMINISTRATION. 

INSTRUCTION  at  Dartmouth  appears  to  have  commenced  in 
December  following  the  removal,  with  four  classes  in  attend- 
ance. 

In  writing  to  Dr.  Erskine,  December  7,  1770,  President 
Wheelock  says :  "  I  am  now  removed  into  the  wilderness  with 
my  family,  and  about  thirty  students,  English  and  Indians, 
who  are  all  designed  for  the  Indian  service."  After  referring 
to  the  erection  of  a  house  for  his  family,  and  "  another  "  for 
his  students,  he  says  :  "  I  have  also  built  a  school-house, 
which  is  convenient.  My  nearest  neighbor  in  the  town  is  two 
and  one  half  miles  from  me.  I  can  see  nothing  but  the  lofty 
pines  about  me.  My  family  and  students  are  in  good  health, 
and  well  pleased  with  a  solitude  so  favorable  to  their  studies." 

In  President  Wheelock's  account-book,  David  Huntington, 
Thomas  Kendall,  Ebenezer  Gurley,  Augustine  Hibbard,  James 
Dean,  and  Joseph  Grover,  are  charged  with  tuition  from  vari- 
ous dates,  ranging  from  December  7th  to  December  14th. 
The  rate  is  Is.  4-d.  per  week,  "  deducting  abscences."  In 
Connecticut,  the  tuition,  for  classical  instruction  in  the  school, 
had  been  Is.  Qd.  per  week. 

The  following,  from  President  Wheelock  to  a  distant  cor- 
respondent, indicates  sufficient  patronage  of  the  new  institu- 
tion : 

"  HANOVER,  December  3,  1770. 

"  DEAR  SIR,  —  Your  son,  with  companion,  are  safely  ar- 
rived. I  've  sent  back  part  of  my  students  to  Connecticut. 
I  've  just  got  studies  fitted,  and  made  provision  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  rest  of  them.  The  great  difficulty  in  taking  your 


58  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

son  is  the  want  of  provisions  in  this  starved  country.  I  send 
to  Northfield  and  Montague  for  my  bread,  and  expect  supply 
chiefly  from  thence." 

The  facilities  for  acquiring  classical  and  scientific  education 
appear  to  have  been  substantially  the  same  at  Dartmouth,  at 
the  outset,  as  in  other  American  colleges  of  that  period. 

The  discoveries  of  Newton  and  Franklin  had  a  marked,  if 
not  controlling,  influence  upon  the  thought  of  the  eighteenth 
century. 

No  American  college,  perhaps,  felt  this  influence  more 
than  President  Wheelock's  Alma  Mater,  in  which  Franklin 
took  a  deep  interest. 

At  the  period  of  the  founding  of  Dartmouth,  we  find  that, 
in  Yale  College,  "the  Faculty  consisted  of  Dr.  Daggett,  who 
was  President,  and  Professor  of  Divinity ;  Rev.  Nehemiah 
Strong,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy, 
and  two  or  three  tutors. 

President  Wheelock  doubtless  had  his  Alma  Mater  espe- 
cially in  mind,  in  planning  the  curriculum  of  Dartmouth. 
He  was  himself  Professor  of  Divinity,  as  well  as  President. 
His  first  associate  in  instruction,  who  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
tutor,  was  Mr.  Bezaleel  Woodward,  who  had  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1764,  during  the  presidency  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Clap,  of  whom  his  associate  in  the  Faculty,  the  future  Presi- 
dent Stiles,  says  :  "  In  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy 
I  have  reason  to  think  he  was  not  equaled  by  more  than  one 
man  in  America."  The  fact  that  Mr.  Woodward  was  subse- 
quently, for  many  years,  a  highly  esteemed  professor  of 
Mathematics  in  the  college,  indicates  that  he  was  a  worthy 
pupil  of  his  distinguished  teacher. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  college  was  highly  favored, 
in  its  beginnings,  in  having  a  president  who  had  been,  while 
at  college,  distinguished  as  a  classical  scholar,  and  in  later 
life  as  an  able  and  a  learned  divine,  aided  by  a  younger 
teacher,  whose  scientific  attainments  well  qualified  him  for  the 
duties  of  his  position. 

The  first  preceptor  of  the  Charity  School,  at  Hanover,  was 
David  McClure,  who  had  recently  graduated  at  Yale  College. 
He  was  an  able  and  a  successful  teacher.  The  various  rela- 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  59 

tions  of  the  school  and  college  were  so  intimate  at  this  period, 
that  it  is  nearly  impossible  to  dissociate  them.  The  word 
"  school,"  as  used  by  President  Wheelock,  frequently  includes 
the  college. 

Three  of  Dartmouth's  first  class  were  prepared  for  college 
at  the  "Indian  Charity  School"  in  Lebanon,  and  passed  their 
first  three  years  at  Yale. 

The  following  letter  from  an  eminent  teacher,  referred  to  in 
a  previous  chapter,  addressed  to  President  Wheelock,  intro- 
duces their  only  new  classmate : 

"  LEBANON,  August  10,  1770. 

"  REV.  Sm :  The  bearer,  Samuel  Gray,  entered  my  school 
about  two  years  ago,  and  in  that  time  has  been  about  four 
months  absent.  He  was  well  fitted  for  college  when  he  was 
first  under  my  care,  and  having  applied  himself  with  proper 
diligence  to  his  studies,  and  being  favored  with  a  genius  some- 
what better  than  common,  has  made  a  progress  in  his  learning 
answerable  to  his  industry.  He  will  be  found  upon  exam- 
ination to  be  pretty  well  acquainted  with  Virgil,  Tully,  and 
Horace.  He  is  likewise  able  to  construe  any  part  of  the  Greek 
Testament.  He  parses  and  makes  Latin  rather  better  than 
common.  He  has  been  through  the  twelve  first  books  of 
Homer,  but,  as  't  is  more  than  a  year  since  he  recited  that 
author,  am  afraid  he  has  lost  the  greater  part  of  what  he  then 
understood  pretty  well.  In  Arithmetic,  vulgar  and  decimal, 
he  is  well  versed.  I  have  likewise  taught  him  Trigonometry, 
Altimetry,  Longimetry,  Navigation,  Surveying,  Dialing,  and 
Gauging.  He  has  been  through  Martin's  4  Philosophical  Gram- 
mar '  twice,  —  the  greater  part  of  which  he  understands  very 
well.  He  has  lik'ewise  studied  Whiston's  c  Astronomy,'  all 
except  the  calculations,  which  he  doth  not  understand.  He 
is  likewise  pretty  well  acquainted  with  Geography  and  the  use 
of  the  globes.  He  went  through  Watts'  fc  Logic '  last  winter, 
but  having  no  taste  for  that  s;udy,  or  rather  an  aversion  to 
it,  he  is  not  so  well  skilled  in  that  as  in  some  other  parts  of 
learning.  About  a  year  ago  he  went  through  so  much  of 
rhetoric  as  is  contained  in  the  4  Preceptor,'  but  suppose  he 
has  forgot  the  most  of  it.  Upon  the  whole,  though  he  may 


60  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

not,  perhaps,  be  so  well  versed  in  some  parts  of  learning  as 
the  class  which  he  proposes  to  enter,  yet  if  he  applies  himself 
to  his  studies  with  proper  diligence,  he  will  be  rather  an  honor 
than  a  disgrace  to  any  college  where  he  shall  be  graduated.  I 
ought  in  justice  to  him  to  add,  that  he  is  an  orderly,  well- 
behaved  youth,  and  has  conducted  so  well  in  my  school  ever 
since  he  has  been  with  me  that  I  have  never  had  the  least 
difference  with  him  on  any  account  whatever. 

"  I  am,  reverend  sir,  with  much  esteem, 

"  Your  most  humble  servant, 

"  NATHAN  TISDALE. 

"  P.  S.  I  have  another  pupil  whom  I  shall  offer  for  admis- 
sion into  your  college  at  the  end  of  the  vacancy  [vacation] , 
if  I  can  fit  him  by  that  time." 

A  portion  of  a  letter  from  a  somewhat  distinguished  clergy- 
man and  teacher,  Rev.  Simeon  Williams,  of  Windham,  N.  H., 
introducing  several  prominent  members  of  the  class  of  1774, 
is  worthy  of  notice  here,  although  written  in  1772.  In  con- 
nection with  the  reply,  it  throws  additional  light  upon  the 
first  prescribed  course  of  study  at  Dartmouth.  After  expres- 
sions indicating  confidence  that  President  Wheelock  will  at- 
tend, faithfully,  to  the  welfare  of  the  young  men,  the  language 
is  as  follows : 

"When  they  first  came  to  my  school  they  had  read  enough 
of  Virgil  and  the  lower  Latin  classics,  together  with  a  suffi- 
cient knowledge  of  the  Greek  Testament,  to  enable  them  to 
pass  into  any  of  the  colleges  as  Freshmen.  But  when  their 
fathers  informed  me  that  they  intended  their  residence  only 
for  two  years,  and  that  they  expected,  if  they  were  under  my 
care,  I  would  qualify  them  in  all  the  parts  of  the  Freshman  and 
Sophomore  years,  so  as  they  might  with  honor  and  ability  en- 
ter the  Junior  class,  with  mature  deliberation,  I  undertook  the 
arduous  task.  The  first  year  I  confined  their  studies  to  Vir- 
gil, Cicero's  '  Orations,'  together  with  their  improvement  in 
Geography,  Rhetoric,  and  occasional  declamations,  etc.  This 
second  year  they  have  been  reading  Homer  and  Horace,  Cicero 
de  Oratore,  and  a  part  of  Xenophon.  I  have  also  carefully 
instructed  them  in  all  the  four  parts  of  Logic  from  Doctor  Fin- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  61 

lay's  '  Latin  Compend,'  expounding  the  same  by  familiar  lec- 
tures, for  the  most  part  extracted  from  Mr.  Locke  and  Doctor 
Watts.  There  is  one  kind  of  study  which  this  last  year  they 
have  been  much  employed  in,  —  I  mean  double  translation,  — 
their  improvement  therein  will  appear  to  you  by  casting  your 
eye  on  their  various  manuscripts.  I  would  observe  to  you  that 
I  have  not  introduced  them  to  the  knowledge  of  mathematical 
learning,  knowing  it  is  most  usual  in  colleges  to  put  them  to 
those  studies  in  the  Junior  year." 

In  reply  President  Wheelock  says  :  "  We  have  examined 
the  youth  you  sent,  and  find  them  deficient  in  several  parts 
of  learning  which  the  [Junior]  class  have  made  some  pro- 
ficiency in,  viz.,  Mathematics,  Geography,  and  parsing  Greek. 
They  have  studied  Tullie  de  Oratore,  and  Xenophon,  and 
some  in  Homer,  more  than  that  class  have  done.  On  the 
whole  I  have  concluded  to  take  them  into  that  class,  only  with 
this  condition,  that  they  recite  those  things  in  which  they  are 
deficient  with  the  Sophomore  class  while  their  own  class  re- 
cite other  parts  in  which  they  exceed  them."  The  studies  of 
the  Senior  year  do  not  appear  to  have  differed  materially  from 
those  of  other  colleges,  of  that  period.  Jonathan  Edwards 
was  a  favorite  author  in  metaphysics  and  theology. 

President  Wheelock  in  his  "  Narrative,"  for  1771,  gives  the 
following  lucid  statement  of  the  policy  and  aims  of  the  school 
and  college :  "  It  is  earnestly  recommended  to  the  students 
both  in  college  and  school, 

"  1.  That  all  the  English  students  in  the  college  and  school 
treat  the  Indian  children  with  care,  tenderness  and  kindness, 
as  younger  brethren,  and  as  may  be  most  conducive  to  the 
great  ends  proposed. 

"  2.  That  they  turn  the  course  of  their  diversions  and  exer- 
cises for  their  health  to  the  practice  of  some  manual  arts,  or 
cultivation  of  gardens,  and  other  lands,  at  the  proper  hours  of 
leisure  and  intermission  from  study  and  vacancies  in  the  col- 
lege and  school. 

"3.  That  no  English  scholar,  whether  supported  by  charity 
or  otherwise,  shall,  at  any  time,  speak  diminutively  of  the 
practice  of  labor,  or  by  any  means  cast  contempt  upon  it,  or 
by  word  or  action  endeavor  to  discredit  or  discourage  the 


62  DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

same,  on  penalty  of  his  being  obliged,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
president  or  tutor,  to  perform  the  same  or  the  equivalent  to 
that  which  he  attempted  to  discredit ;  or  else  (if  he  be  not  a 
charity  scholar)  to  hire  the  same  done  by  others,  or,  in  case 
of  refusal  and  obstinacy  in  this  offense,  that  he  be  dismissed 
from  college,  and  denied  all  the  privileges  and  honors  of  it. 

"  4.  That  no  scholar  shall  be  employed  in  labor  in  the  hours 
of  study,  or  so  as  to  interrupt  him  in  his  studies,  unless  upon 
special  emergencies,  and  with  liberty  from  the  president  or  a 
tutor. 

"  5.  That  accounts  be  faithfully  kept  of  all  the  labor  so  done 
by  them,  either  for  the  procuring  provisions  for  the  support  of 
the  college  and  school,  or  that  which  shall  be  for  real  and  last- 
ing advantage  to  this  institution  ;  and  such  accounts  shall  be 
properly  audited,  and  a  record  kept  of  the  same  for  the  bene- 
fit of  such  scholars,  if  they  should  be  called  by  the  providence 
of  God  to  withdraw  from  their  purpose  of  serving  as  mission- 
aries in  the  wilderness,  or  to  leave  the  service  before  they  have 
reasonably  compensated  the  expense  of  their  education. 

"  6.  That  such  as  are  not  charity  scholars,  but  pay  for  their 
education,  may  have  liberty  to  labor  for  the  benefit  of  the  in- 
stitution at  such  times  as  are  assigned  to  charity  scholars,  and 
the  just  value  of  their  labor  be  accounted  towards  the  expense 
of  their  support. 

"7.  That  no  Freshman  shall  be  taken  off,  or  prevented 
labor,  by  any  errand  for  an  under-graduate,  without  liberty 
obtained  from  the  president  or  a  tutor. 

"  N.  B.  Occasional  errands  and  services  for  the  college  and 
school  are  not  designed  to  be  accounted,  nor  their  procuring 
fuel  for  their  fires,  and  things  equivalent  for  their  own  and 
their  chamber's  use  in  particular,  nor  anything  which  shall 
not  be  of  real  or  lasting  benefit  for  the  whole,  unless  in  cases 
where  they  are  incapacitated  for  labor,  and  yet  are  able  to 
perform  such  errands  for  or  in  the  room  of  those  who  can  and 
do  labor  in  their  stead. 

44  Lastly.  That  this  Indian  Charity  School,  connected  with 
Dartmouth  College,  be  constantly  hereafter  and  forever  called 
and  known  by  the  name  of  '  Moor's  School.' 

44  Moreover  poor  youth,  who  shall  seek  an  education  here, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  63 

at  their  own  expense,  may  not  only  have  the  advantage  of 
paying  any  part  of  that  by  turning  their  necessary  diversions 
to  manual  labor,  but  also,  as  all  that  will  be  paid  by  such  as 
support  themselves  will  be  disposed  of  for  the  support  of  the 
Indian,  or  other  charity  scholars,  therefore,  whatever  clothing 
or  provisions  shall  be  necessary  for  the  school  will  be  good 
pay  at  a  reasonable  price. 

"  His  Excellency  Governor  Wentworth,  among  many  other 
expressions  of  his  care  and  zeal  to  preserve  the  purity  and  se- 
cure the  well-being  of  this  seminary  against  such  evils  as  have 
been  the  ruin  of,  or  at  least  have  a  very  threatening  aspect 
upon  others  which  have  come  within  his  knowledge,  has  in- 
sisted upon  it  as  a  condition  of  location,  to  which  all  the  trus- 
tees have  cheerfully  subscribed,  that  wherever  it  should  be 
fixed,  there  should  be  a  society  of  at  least  three  miles  square, 
which  should  be  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  college,  that 
thereby  unwholesome  inhabitants  may  be  prevented  settling, 
and  all  hurtful  or  dangerous  connections  with  them,  or  practices 
among  them  may  be  seasonably  discovered  and  prevented  in 
a  legal  way.1 

"  As  this  institution  is  primarily  designed  to  christianize  the 
heathen,  that  is,  to  form  the  minds  and  manners  of  their 
children  to  the  rules  of  religion  and  virtue ;  and  to  educate 
pious  youth  of  the  English  to  bear  the  Redeemer's  name 
among  them  in  the  wilderness  ;  and  secondarily  to  educate 
meet  persons  for  the  sacred  work  of  the  ministry,  in  the 
churches  of  Christ  among  the  English  ;  so  it  is  of  the  last  and 
very  special  importance,  that  all  who  shall  be  admitted  here 
in  any  capacity,  and  especially  for  an  education,  be  of  sober, 
blameless  and  religious  behavior,  that  neither  Indian  children 
nor  others  may  be  in  danger  of  infection  by  examples  which 
are  not  suitable  for  their  imitation.  And  accordingly  I  think 
it  proper  to  let  the  world  know  there  is  no  encouragement 
given  that  such  as  are  vain,  idle,  trifling,  flesh-pleasing,  or  such 
as  are  on  any  account  vicious  or  immoral,  will  be  admitted 
here  ;  or,  if  such  should  by  disguising  themselves  obtain  ad- 

1  The  town  of  Hanover,  at  three  different  times  within  the  next  twenty-five  years, 
by  their  vote  sanctioned  this  incorporation  of  the  "College  District."  But  the 
plan  was  never  favorably  regarded,  apparently,  by  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature. 


64  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

mittance,  that  they  will  not  be  allowed  to  continue  members 
after  they  are  known  to  be  such ;  nor  will  it  be  well  taken,  if, 
on  any  pretense  whatever,  any  shall  attempt  to  introduce  or 
impose  any  youth  upon  this  seminary,  whose  character  shall 
be  incongruous  to,  and  militates  against,  the  highest,  chiefest, 
and  dearest  interests  of  the  first  objects  of  it. 

"  And  it  is  my  purpose,  by  the  grace  of  God,  to  leave  nothing 
undone,  within  my  power,  which  is  suitable  to  be  done,  that 
this  school  of  the  prophets  may  be  and  long  continue  to  be  a 
pure  fountain. 

"  And  I  do  with  all  my  heart  will  this  my  purpose  to  all  my 
successors  in  the  presidency  of  this  seminary,  to  the  latest  pos- 
terity; and  it  is  my  last  will  never  to  be  revoked,  and  to 
God  I  commit  it,  and  my  only  hope  and  confidence  for  the 
execution  of  it  is  in  Him  alone,  who  has  already  done  great 
things  for  it  and  does  still  own  it  as  his  cause ;  and  blessed  be 
his  name  that  every  present  member  of  it,  as  well  as  great 
numbers  abroad,  I  trust,  do  join  their  hearty  Amen  with 


CHAPTER  IX. 

PROGRESS  TO  THE  DEATH  .  OF  PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK. — 
PROMINENT  FEATURES  OF  HIS  CHARACTER. 

THE  foundations  being  completed,  the  superstructure  now 
claims  our  attention.  We  give  somewhat  full  details  of 
affairs  during  the  opening  years.  The  following  is  an  extract 
from  a  letter  from  Mr.  M' Clare  to  his  early  friend,  General 
Knox,  dated  at  Hanover,  March  20,  1771 : 

"  The  winter  has  been  very  moderate  and  the  heavens  clear 
and  serene.  The  situation  is  much  more  agreeable  than  I 
imagined  it  would  be  last  fall,  before  I  set  out  from  Connecti- 
cut. The  number  of  the  students  in  the  college  and  school  is 
about  thirty.  I  have  at  present  the  care  of  the  Grammar 
School,  and  I  find  no  small  pleasure  in  '  teaching  the  young 
idea  how  to  shoot.'  Heaven  has  remarkably  smiled  upon  the 
generous  and  pious  design  of  the  Reverend  Doctor,  and  sup- 
ported it  amidst  numberless  difficulties  and  embarrassments, 
and  it  affords  a  prospect  of  being  in  time  a  great  and  extensive 
blessing  to  this  part  of  the  world  and  to  the  tawny  inhabitants 
of  our  continent." 

The  first  Commencement,  in  August,  1771,  attracted  a  large 
audience,  including  many  from  a  distance,  among  them  Gov- 
ernor Wentworth.  Dr.  Langdon  had  previously  manifested 
his  deep  interest  in  the  college  by  a  personal  visit. 

In  his  "  Narrative,"  for  the  period  from  May,  1771,  to 
September,  1772,  President  Wheelock  says  : 

"  I  have  now  finished  (so  far  as  to  render  comfortable  and 
decent)  the  building  to  accommodate  my  students,  of  eighty 
by  thirty-two  feet,  and  have  done  it  in  the  plainest  and  cheap- 
est manner,  which  furnishes  sixteen  comfortable  rooms,  besides 
a  kitchen,  hall,  and  store-room.  I  have  also  built  a  saw-mill 

5 


66  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

and  grist-mill,  which  appear  to  be  well  done,  and  are  the  prop- 
erty of  the  school,  and  will  likely  afford  a  pretty  annual  in- 
come to  it.  I  have  also  built  two  barns,  one  of  twenty-eight 
by  thirty-two  feet,  the  other  of  fifty-five  by  forty,  and  fifteen 
feet  post.  I  have  also  raised,  and  expect  to  finish,  within  a 
few  days,  a  malt-house  of  thirty  feet  square,  and  several  other 
lesser  buildings  which  were  found  necessary.  I  have  cleared, 
and  in  a  good  measure  fitted  for  improvement,  about  seventy 
or  eighty  acres  of  land,  and  seeded  with  English  grain  about 
twenty  acres,  from  which  I  have  taken  at  the  late  harvest, 
what  was  esteemed  a  good  crop,  considering  the  land  was  so 
lately  laid  open  to  the  sun.  I  have  cut  what  is  judged  to 
be  equal  to  fourteen  or  fifteen  tons  of  good  hay,  which  I 
stacked,  by  which  the  expense  of  supporting  a  team  and  cows 
the  ensuing  winter  may  be  considerably  lessened.  I  have  also 
about  eighteen  acres  of  Indian  corn  now  on  the  ground,  which 
promises  a  good  crop.  My  laborers  are  preparing  more  lands 
for  improvement ;  some  to  sow  with  English  grain  this  fall, 
and  others  for  pasturing,  which  sad  experience  has  taught  me 
the  necessity  of,  as  I  have  suffered  much  by  being  disappointed 
of  this  benefit,  through  the  negligence  of  a  number,  who  sub- 
scribed labor  to  encourage  the  settlement  of  the  school  in 
this  place,  and,  in  excuse  for  their  not  being  as  punctual  in 
performing  as  they  appeared  liberal  in  subscribing,  plead 
their  poverty  and  the  necessities  of  their  families  in  their  new 
beginnings  in  this  wilderness. 

" 1  hope  through  the  blessing  of  God,  even  the  ensuing 
year,  we  shall  find  that  near  sufficient  has  been  raised  on  these 
lands  to  supply  the  school  with  bread,  which  will  be  a  great 
relief  not  only  as  to  the  expense,  but  as  to  care  and  fatigue 
in  procuring  it ;  as  the  greatest  and  cheapest  part  of  the  sup- 
port of  my  family  has  been  transported  above  an  hundred, 
and  much  of  it  near  two  hundred  miles  through  new  and  bad 
roads ;  which  has  made  the  expense  of  some  articles  equal  to 
the  first  cost,  and  many  of  them  much  more.  The  cheapest 
fodder  I  had  the  last  winter  to  support  my  team  and  a  few 
cows  was  brought  forty  miles  on  sleds  by  oxen. 

"  It  is  not  easy  for  one  who  is  not  acquainted  with  the  affair 
of  building  and  settling  in  such  a  wilderness  to  conceive  of 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  67 

the  many  difficulties,  fatigues,  and  extraordinary  expenses 
attending  it ;  nor  does  it  make  the  burden  at  all  less,  if  there 
are  numbers  settling  within  a  few  miles,  who  are  poor  and 
needy,  and  so  far  from  having  ability  to  contribute  their 
assistance  to  others,  as  to  stand  in  constant  need  of  help  them- 
selves. 

"  The  number  of  my  students  belonging  to  the  college  and 
school  has  been  from  forty  to  fifty,  of  which  from  five  to  nine. 
have  been  Indians.  The  English  youth  on  charity  are  all  fit- 
ting for  missionaries,  if  God  in  his  providence  shall  open  a 
door  for  their  serving  him  in  that  capacity,  and  they  have 
been  about  twenty. 

"  My  students  have  been  universally  well  engaged  in  their 
studies,  and  a  number  of  independent  as  well  as  charity  schol- 
ars, have  only  by  turning  a  necessary  diversion  to  agreeable 
manual  labor,  done  much  to  lessen  the  expense  of  their  edu- 
cation the  last  year." 

In  an  appendix  to  this  "  Narrative,"  dated  September  26, 
1772,  after  referring  to  a  prospect  of  obtaining  sons  of  some 
of  the  Caghnawaga  chiefs,  President  Wheelock  says :  "  One 
was  a  descendant  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Williams,  who  was 
captivated  from  Deerfield  in  1704.  Another  was  a  descend- 
ant from  Mr.  Tarbell,  who  was  captivated  from  Groton  [in 
1707],  who  is  now  a  hearty  and  active  man,  and  the  eldest 
chief,  and  chief  speaker  of  the  tribe.  The  other  was  son  to 
Mr.  Stacey,  who  was  captivated  from  Ipswich,  and  is  a  good 
interpreter  for  that  tribe." 

In  view  of  all  the  facts  within  our  knowledge,  it  seems 
more  than  possible  that  the  influence  of  these  and  other  cap- 
tives, now  venerable  with  age,  upon  their  red  brethren,  on  the 
one  hand,  and  dim  but  precious  memories  of  their  own  child- 
hood, on  the  other,  had  aided  materially  in  determining  the 
location  of  the  college.  The  patronage  of  the  Canadian  tribes 
was  President  Wheelock's  main  reliance  for  Indian  students 
after  his  removal  to  Hanover. 

In  regard  to  the  missionaries  sent  out  by  President  Whee- 
lock at  this  period,  his  biographer  says :  "  Some  went  into 
the  Mohawk  and  Oneida  country,  others  to  the  Indians  upon 
the  Muskingum,  and  several  to  the  tribes  within  the  bounds 


63  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

of  Canada.  They  found  the  Indians,  the  Oneidas  excepted, 
universally  opposed  to  them."  l 

Perhaps  it  will  be  safe  to  make  a  slight  abatement  from  the 
somewhat  sweeping  statement  which  closes  this  quotation. 

In  his  "  Narrative"  for  the  period  between  September,  1772, 
and  September,  1773,  President  Wheelock  says  :  "  My  crops 
were  considerably  shortened  the  last  year,  by  an  uncommon 
rain  at  the  beginning  of  harvest,  and  by  an  untimely  frost, 
yet  the  benefit  of  that  which  is  saved  is  very  sensible.  I 
have  this  year  cut  about  double  the  quantity  of  hay  which  I 
cut  last  year,  namely,  about  thirty  tons.  I  have  reaped  about 
twenty  acres  of  English  grain,  which  crop  appeared  to  be  very 
heavy  before  harvest,  and  proved  too  much  so,  as  a  consider- 
able part  of  it  fell  down  of  its  own  weight  before  maturity ; 
however,  though  it  be  much  less  than  the  prospect  was,  it  is 
a  very  considerable  relief.  I  have  about  twenty  acres  of  In- 
dian corn  on  the  ground,  which,  considering  the  newness 
and  imperfect  tillage  of  the  land,  promises  a  considerable 
crop. 

"  I  have  cleared  sufficient  for  pasturing,  i.  e.  have  cut  and 
girdled  all  the  growth  upon  five  hundred  acres,  and  a  part  of 
it  have  sowed  with 'hay-seed  ;  the  rest  I  expect  will  be  ready 
to  receive  the  seed  as  soon  as  it  shall  be  dry  enough  to  burn 
the  trash  upon  it  in  the  spring.  The  soil  is  generally  good, 
and  I  hope  the  school  will  experience  the  benefit  of  it  in  due 
time.  I  have  inclosed  with  a  fence  about  two  thousand  acres 
of  this  wilderness,  that  I  might  be  able  to  restrain  oxen,  cows, 
horses,  etc.,  from  rambling  beyond  my  reach. 

"  I  have  seven  yoke  of  oxen  and  about  twenty  cows,  all  the 
property  and  employed  in  the  service  of  the  school.  The 
number  of  my  laborers  for  six  months  past  has  generally  been 
from  thirty  to  forty,  besides  those  employed  at  the  mills,  in 
the  kitchen,  wash-house,  etc.  The  number  of  my  students, 
dependent  and  independent,  the  last  year  was  about  eighty. 
A  little  more  than  three  years  ago  there  was  nothing  to  be 
seen  here  but  a  horrid  wilderness ;  now  there  are  eleven  com- 
fortable dwelling-houses  (beside  the  large  one  I  built  for  my 
students),  built  by  tradesmen  and  such  as  have  settled  in 
1  Memoirs  of  Wheelock,  p.  63. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  69 

some  connection  with,  and  have  been  admitted  for  the  benefit 
of,  this  school,  and  all  within  sixty  rods  of  the  college.  By 
this  means  the  necessities  of  this  school  have  been  relieved  in 
part  as  to  room  for  my  students.  Yet  the  present  necessity 
of  another  and  larger  building  appears  to  be  such  that  the 
growth  of  this  seminary  must  necessarily  be  stinted  with- 
out it. 

"  When  I  think  of  the  great  weight  of  present  expense  for 
the  support  of  sixteen  or  seventeen  Indian  boys,  which  has 
been  my  number  all  the  last  year,  and  as  many  English  youth 
on  charity,  eight  in  the  wilderness  who  depend  upon  their 
support  wholly  from  this  quarter,  which  has  been  the  case  a 
considerable  part  of  this  year,  such  a  number  of  laborers,  and 
under  necessity  to  build  a  house  for  myself  (as  the  house  I 
have  lived  in  was  planned  for  a  store-house,  and  must  be  used 
for  that  purpose)  and  expense  for  three  and  sometimes  four 
tutors,  which  has  been  the  least  number  that  would  suffice  for 
well  instructing  rny  students,  I  have  sometimes  found  faint- 
ness  of  heart.  But  I  have  always  made  it  my  practice  not  to 
exceed  what  my  own  private  interest  [property]  will  pay,  in 
case  I  should  be  brought  to  that  necessity  to  do  my  creditors 
justice." 

In  his  "  Narrative "  for  the  period  between  September, 
1773,  and  February,  1775,  President  Wheelock  says  :  "  The 
number  of  Indians  in  this  school  since  my  last  '  Narrative,' 
has  been  from  sixteen  to  twenty-one,  and  the  whole  number 
of  charity  or  dependent  scholars"  about  thirty."  The  whole 
number  of  students  was  n^"^5oivTone  Hundred. 

"  The  progress  of  husbandry  on  this  farm,  the  last  year,  has 
not  been  equal  in  every  respect  to  my  hope,  the  season  prov- 
ing so  wet  as  not  to  favor  some  branches  of  it.  However,  the 
progress  of  it  and  the  benefit  by  it,  have  been  very  consider- 
able. I  have  raised  and  reaped  upon  the  school  land,  the  last 
year,  about  three  hundred  bushels  of  choice  wheat,  but  the 
crop  of  Indian  corn  fell  much  short  of  my  expectations,  being 
but  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  bushels.  I  have  cut  sixty 
tons  of  hay  the  last  season,  and  have  a  prospect  of  a  very  con- 
siderable addition  to  that  quantity  the  next,  if  Providence 
shall  favor  it. 


70  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  I  have  began  to  prepare  and  have  a  prospect  that  I  shall  be 
able  to  fit  about  sixty  acres  of  new  land  to  sow  with  wheat 
the  next  season.  I  have  improved  about  twelve  or  fourteen 
oxen,  and  about  twenty  cows,  the  property  of  the  school,  and 
have  a  prospect  of  plenty  for  their  support  for  summer  and 
winter,  and  I  find  already  the  great  benefit  of  having  where- 
with to  do  it  this  winter  without  the  fatigue  and  expense  of  go- 
ing forty  miles  for  it,  as  I  have  been  forced  to  do  till  this  year." 

He  also  refers  to  important  agricultural  operations,  and  the 
erection  of  buildings  at  Landaff  —  Governor  Wentworth's  first 
choice  as  a  location  for  the  college  — -and  preparations  for  a 
new  college  edifice. 

To  Messrs.  Savage  and  Keen,  he  writes,  October  24,  1775  : 
"  The  progress  of  the  great  design  under  my  hand  has  been  as 
rapid  since  resources  from  your  side  the  water  have  been  sus- 
pended as  ever.  Every  day  turns  out  some  new  wonder  of 
Divine  favor  towards  it.  I  have  this  day  been  out  to  see  my 
laborers  who  have  near  finished  sowing  one  hundred  and  ten 
acres  of  wheat  and  rye,  but  mostly  of  wheat,  one  hundred 
acres  of  it  on  new  land.  No  providences,  however  calamitous 
to  others,  not  even  our  present  public  distresses,  but  seem  as 
though  they  were  calculated  to  favor  this  design.  God  gives 
me  all  I  ask  for,  and  He  is  a  prayer-hearing  God." 

We  are  indebted  to  the  present  librarian  of  the  college 1  for 
the  following  interesting  facts  relating  to  this  period  : 

"  The  library  of  Dartmouth  College  may  be  considered  as 
older  than  the  college  itself,  as  it  had  its  origin  in  the  4  Indian 
Charity  School,'  and  existed  as  a  handful  of  books  before  the 
granting  of  the  college  Charter.  These  books  are  found  prin- 
cipally among  the  theological  works,  in  folio  volumes,  with 
Latin  texts  or  notes,  and  uninviting  type.  Received  as  they 
were  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  they  were  then  publica- 
%tions  of  the  preceding  century ;  and  they  would  hardly  find 
their  way  into  the  library  to-day,  if  admitted  upon  the  demand 
of  readers,  yet  in  their  bindings  and  worn  leaves  they  show 
that  by  some  one  they  were  thoroughly  used.  A  copy  of 
'  Lightfoot's  Harmony  of  the  New  Testament,'  under  date 
of  June,  1764,  has  written  across  a  leaf :  '  Received  from  the 
1  Professor  C.  W.  Scott. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  71 

Rev.  Dr.  Gifford,  of  London,  sundry  second-hand  books  given 
by  poor  persons  to  the  Indian  Charity  School  in  Lebanon,  of 
which  this  is  one.'  Marks  on  other  volumes  show  that  Dr. 
Gifford  was  a  contributor  as  well  as  a  collector.  Edinburgh, 
too  [through  Dr.  Erskine],  sent  its  offering  of  books,  and  as 
the  struggling  school  came  to  be  better  known  in  England, 
through  the  commissioners  sent  to  solicit  aid,  and  through 
other  sources,  such  gifts  probably  became  not  infrequent. 
The  early  history  and  intentions  of  the  college  were  such  as 
to  particularly  interest  clergymen,  and  in  proportion  to  their 
means  they  were  doubtless  the  most  generous  givers  of  books. 
Their  names  written  across  fly-leaves  show  that  many  vol- 
umes, in  different  parts  of  New  England,  did  service  in  their 
studies  before  finding  a  place  in  the  college  library.  One  of 
the  most  noteworthy  of  such  benefactors  was  Rev.  Diodate 
Johnson,  of  Millington,  Conn.,  who,  besides  other  gifts,  in 
1773  bestowed  his  entire  library." 

s  .Nearly  at  the  same  period  with  Mr.  Johnson's  donation, 
Hon.  John  Phillips,  of  Exeter,  made  a  handsome  donation, 
for  a  philosophical  apparatus.  The  subsequent  appropriation 
of  the  money,  for  another  purpose,  compelled  the  college  to 
dispense  with  this  useful  furniture  for  a  considerable  period. 

The  commencement  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle  soon 
proved  a  serious  embarrassment  to  President  Wheelock :  "  The 
din  of  war  drowned  the  feeble  voice  of  science ;  men  turned 
away  from  this  '  school  of  the  prophets  '  to  hear  tidings  from 
the  camp."  But  the  heroic  founder  stood  manfully  at  his 
post,  faithfully  performing  his  duty,  with  only  brief  interrup- 
tions, until,  in  the  midst  of  that  great  conflict  which  made  us 
a  nation,  he  was  called  to  his  reward.  He  died,  after  a  lin- 
gering illness,  at  Hanover,  on  the  24th  of  April,  1779.  His 
first  wife,  Mrs.  Sarah  (Davenport)  Maltby  Wheelock,  of  the 
distinguished  John  Davenport  family,  died  in  Connecticut. 
His  second  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  (Brinsmead)  Wheelock,  was 
spared  to  minister  to  the  last  earthly  wants  of  her  revered 
companion. 

President  Wheelock  lived  to  see  his  earnest  efforts  to  pro- 
mote sound  learning  crowned  with  a  good  measure  of  success. 

The  graduates  of  this  period  attained  such  eminence,   iri 


72  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

nearly  all  the  paths  of  professional  usefulness,  as  to  indicate 
most  plainly  that  they  had  laid  good  foundations  in  college. 
They  were  honored  as  teachers,  as  divines,  and  as  legislators. 
The  condition  of  the  college  and  the  country  gave  them  abun- 
dant opportunities  for  appreciating  the  inscription  on  the 
armor  of  the  Dartmouth  family  :  "  Gaudet  tentamine  virtus." 

Instead  of  burning  the  "  midnight  oil "  of  the  modern  stu- 
dent, they  kept  the  midnight  watch  against  savage  foes,  at 
least  at  certain  periods.  To  us,  this  all  looks  like  romance. 
To  them,  it  was  stern  reality. 

In  a  fitting  tribute  to  President  Wheelock,1  Rev.  Dr.  Allen 
says  : 

"  If  it  ^should  be  asked  what  success  attended  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  Wheelock  to  communicate  the  gospel  to  the  Indian  na- 
tions, it  may  be  replied  that  he  accomplished  something  for 
their  benefit,  and  that  great  and  insuperable  obstacles  in  the 
providence  of  God  prevented  him  from  accomplishing  more. 
It  was  soon  after  he  sent  out  missionaries  into  the  wilderness, 
that  the  controversy  with  Great  Britain  blighted  his  fair  and 
encouraging  prospects.  During  the  last  four  years  of  his  life 
there  was  actual  war,  in  which  many  of  the  Indian  tribes 
acted  with  the  enemy.  Yet  the  Oneidas,  to  whom  Mr.  Kirk- 
land  was  sent  as  a  missionary,  kept  the  hatchet  buried  during 
the  whole  Revolutionary  struggle,  and  by  means  of  this  mis- 
sion, probably,  were  a  multitude  of  frontier  settlements  saved 
from  the  tomahawk  and  the  scalping-knife.  But  even  if 
nothing  had  been  accomplished  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians, 
yet  the  zeal  which  chiefly  sought  their  good,  reared  up  a  ven- 
erable institution  of  science,  in  which  many  strong  minds  have 
been  disciplined  and  made  to  grow  stronger,  and  nerved  foe 
professional  toils  and  public  labors,  and  in  which  hundreds  of 
ministers  have  been  nurtured  for  the  church  of  Christ. 

"  For  enlarged  views  and  indomitable  energy,  and  perse- 
vering and  most  arduous  toils,  and  for  the  great  results  of  his 
labors  in  the  cause  of  religion  and  learning,  Dr.  Wheelock 
must  ever  be  held  in  high  honor.  He  early  placed  one  great 
object  before  him,  and  that  object  held  his  undivided  atten- 
tion for  nearly  half  a  century.  It  is  not  easy  to  describe  the 
1  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  73 

variety  of  his  cares  and  the  extent  of  his  toils.  When  he  re- 
moved to  Hanover  his  labors  were  doubled.  The  two  institu- 
tions —  the  school  and  the  college  —  were  ever  kept  distinct ; 
in  both  he  was  a  teacher ;  of  both  he  was  the  chief  governor. 
He  was  also  the  preacher  of  the  college  and  village.  In  the 
government  of  his  school  and  college,  Dr.  Wheelock  combined 
great  patience  and  kindness  with  the  energy  of  proper  and 
indispensable  discipline.  He  was  of  a  cheerful  and  pleasant 
temper  and  manifested  much  urbanity  in  his  deportment." 

This  clear  and  forcible  language  has  additional  weight  when 
we  consider,  that,  during  nearly  the  whole  period  of  his  ad- 
administration,  he  had  only  the  aid  of  tutors,  with  no  other 
professor. 

President  Wheelock's  usefulness  in  the  great  field  of  educa- 
tion was  not  confined  to  the  sons  of  the  forest,  during  his  resi- 
dence in  Connecticut.  He  sought  out  John  Sraalley,  the  son 
of  one  of  his  parishioners,  in  his  humble  home,  prepared  him 
for  college,  and  thereby  gave  him  the  primary  impulse  and 
aid,  without  which  one  of  New  England's  ablest  theologians, 
and  the  teacher  of  others  of  widely  extended  influence,  might 
have  remained  in  life-long  retirement.  He  took  Samuel  Kirk- 
land,  the  son  of  a  worthy  but  indigent  brother  in  the  ministry, 
and,  to  use  his  own  language,  "  carried  him  "  in  his  arms,  till 
he  had  completed  a  thorough  preparation  for  the  ministry,  and 
finally  furnished  him  a  wife  from  his  own  kindred  and  his 
own  household.  His  distinguished  beneficiary,  beside  all  his 
other  labors,  laid  the  foundation  of  Hamilton  College,  and  gave 
to  Harvard  the  president  of  its  "  Augustan  age,"  his  son,  John 
Thornton  Kirkland.  He  left  the  impress  of  his  intellectual 
and  religious  character  upon  his  pupil,  Benjamin  Trumbull, 
the  records  of  whose  life  give  him  a  conspicuous  place  among 
the  earnest  preachers  and  careful  historians  of  his  day.  The 
valuable  influence  of  others  of  his  early  pupils  will  be  felt  in 
ever  extending  circles,  down  to  "  the  last  syllable  of  recorded 
time." 

There  was  no  need  that  Eleazar  Wheelock  should  found  a 
college  at  that  advanced  period  of  life  when  men  naturally 
seek  a  measure  of  repose,  in  order  to  secure  for  his  name  an 
honorable  position  in  the  long  and  brilliant  catalogue  of  Ameri- 


74  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

can  educators.  The  crowning  act  of  his  life,  in  the  mellowed 
maturity  of  age,  was  scarcely  more  or  ]ess  than  the  logical, 
inevitable  result  of  what  preceded  it. 

The  scope  of  our  work  does  not  permit  any  extended  eulogy 
of  President  Wheelock,  nor  any  thorough  analysis  of  his  char- 
acter. With  a  brief  reference  to  some  leading  points,  we  must 
close  the  record. 

He  was  eminent  as  a  scholar.  The  constantly  recurring 
and  ever  pressing  duties  of  earnest  and  varied  professional 
life,  left  him  little  leisure  for  indulging  in  the  luxuries  of 
mere  aesthetic  culture ;  but  his  active  mind  ranged  widely 
through  the  realms  of  ancient  and  modern  thought,  and  freely 
appropriated  of  the  richest  of  their  treasures. 

He  was  eminent  as  an  orator.  His  eloquence  was  not 
graced  with  the  well-rounded  periods  of  a  Burke,  or  a  Web- 
ster ;  but  in  many  a  village  and  hamlet,  the  burning  words 
which  fell  from  his  lips  stirred  the  hearts  of  men  to  their  pro- 
foundest  depths. 

He  was  eminent  as  a  teacher.  Through  life  he  gladly 
embraced  every  opportunity  of  opening  the  treasuries  of 
knowledge  to  his  fellow-men  ;  and  many  who  sat  under  his 
instruction  were  thereby  laid  under  large  obligations,  al- 
though, in  the  rude  halls  of  the  infant  college,  he  was  always 
more  or  less  embarrassed  by  the  cares  of  business  and  the  in- 
firmities of  advancing  years. 

He  was  eminent  in  affairs.  He  raised  funds  ;  procured  cor- 
porate franchises  and  safeguards  ;  leveled  forests,  and  reared 
edifices  in  the  face  of  apathy,  opposition,  and  rivalry,  with  a 
fertility  of  resources  in  planning,  and  an  energy  in  executing, 
which  won  the  admiration  of  contemporaries  in  both  hemi- 
spheres. 

He  was  eminent  as  a  patriot.  When  his  faithful  friend, 
the  last  Royal  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  upon  whom 
through  years  of  toil  and  trial  he  had  leaned  as  upon  a  strong 
staff,  abandoned  his  office,  and  resolutely  adhered  to  his  Sov- 
ereign, and  many  others  to  whom  he  was  strongly  attached, 
arrayed  themselves  on  the  same  side,  he  as  resolutely  espoused 
the  cause  of  American  Independence,  and  labored  to  the  ex- 
tent of  his  ability  for  its  accomplishment. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  75 

But  neither  the  scholar,  nor  the  orator,  nor  the  teacher, 
nor  the  man  of  affairs,  nor  the  patriot,  nor  all  combined, 
would  have  secured  to  any  man  that  conspicuous  position 
upon  the  page  of  history  which  the  leading  founder  of  Dart- 
mouth College  will  occupy,  so  long  as  solid  worth  and  success- 
ful achievement  shall  command  the  attention  of  the  discrimin- 
ating, thoughtful  reader. 

Religion  was  the  mainspring  of  his  entire  life,  the  real 
source  of  all  his  success.  Without  it,  he  might  have  been 
honored  of  men ;  with  it,  he  was  honored  of  God.  Encircling 
all  the  separate  parts  of  his  character,  like  a  golden  chain,  it 
bound  them  in  one  grand,  beautiful,  harmonious  whole. 

In  the  hallowed  seclusion  of  that  thrice-honored  valley, 
where  Jonathan  Edwards  was  born  and  Thomas  Hooker  died, 
—  on  the  western  verge  of  that  modest  plain,  where  his  long 
and  fruitful  life  bore  its  latest,  richest  fruit,  —  his  precious 
dust  will  slumber  "  till  the  heavens  be  no  more,"  and  not  till 
then  will  the  Christian  scholar,  who  lingers  among  the  hills 
of  central  New  England,  cease  to  pay  his  devotions  at  the 
grave  of 

ELEAZAK  WHEELOCK. 


CHAPTER  X. 

PROGEESS  DURING    THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE    SECOND 
PRESIDENT,  JOHN  WHEELOCK. 

THE  first  President  of  the  College,  availing  himself  of  a 
provision  in  the  Charter,  named  three  persons  in  his  will, 
some  one  of  whom  he  desired  should  be  his  successor  in  the 
office.  These  were  his  son,  Mr.  John  Wheelock,  Rev.  Joseph 
Huntington,  of  Coventry,  Conn.,  and  Prof.  Sylvanus  Ripley. 
Mr.  Wheelock,  although  a  young  man,  in  response  to  the 
somewhat  earnest  solicitation  of  the  Trustees,  after  mature 
deliberation  decided  to  accept  the  position.  His  son-in-law, 
Rev.  Dr.  Allen,  gives  the  leading  points  in  his  earlier  life  in 
the  following  language  : 

"  He  was  born  [a  son  by  the  father's  second  marriage]  at 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  January  28,  1754,  and  graduated  in  Dart- 
mouth's first  class,  in  1771.  In  1772,  he  was  appointed  a 
tutor,  and  was  devoted  to  the  business  of  instruction  until  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolution.  In  1775,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  [N.  H.]  Assembly.  In  the  spring  of  1777,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Major  in  the  service  of  New  York,  and  in  No- 
vember, a  Lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Continental  army  under 
Colonel  Bedel.  In  1778  he  marched  a  detachment  from  Coos 
to  Albany.  By  direction  of  Stark  he  conducted  an  expedition 
into  the  Indian  country.  At  the  request  of  General  Gates, 
he  entered  his  family,  and  continued  with  him,  until  he  was 
recalled  to  Hanover  by  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1779." 

The  following  pages,  extracted  from  the  "  Sketches  of  the 
History  of  Dartmouth  College  and  Moor's  Charity  School," 
prepared  and  published  under  President  Wheeloek's  sanction, 
are  deemed  worthy  of  insertion  in  this  connection. 

"  The  founder  and  first  president  spent  nine  years  in  plant- 


JOHN  WHEELOCK,  LL.  D. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  77 

ing  and  raising  up  a  new  society,  in  converting  forests  into 
fields,  —  supporting  many  youths  on  charity.  Persevering 
through  difficulties,  without  any  stipend  for  his  labors,  the 
seminary  grew  in  vital  strength  ;  —  but  destitute  of  patronage 
in  America,  its  resources  in  Europe  mostly  expended,  and  the 
residue  wholly  obstructed,  beset  with  calamities  by  the  troubles 
and  disasters  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  it  was  reduced,  in 
childhood,  to  nakedness  and  want,  in  the  year  1779.  Soon 
after  the  treasurer,  making  an  estimate  of  the  demands  upon 
it,  pronounced  that  all  the  property  of  the  corporation,  if  sold 
at  vendue,  would  not  be  sufficient  to  cancel  its  debts.  Under 
these  clouds,  the  successor  of  the  founder  came  into  office, 
with  a  humble  sense  of  his  duty,  and  a  belief  that  God,  who 
had  protected  and  sustained  the  seminary  in  floods  of  trouble, 
would  relieve  and  build  it  up.  He  solicited  benefactions 
abroad  for  support  of  the  charity  youths  of  the  school  in  1780, 
1781,  and  1782. 

41  In  the  latter  part  of  that  year  Dr.  Wheelock,  the  presi- 
dent, set  off  for  Europe.  The  Institution  and  his  design  were 
known,  and  sanctioned  by  very  ample  recommendations,  un- 
necessary to  be  inserted  here,  issuing  from  the  highest  sources 
in  America  —  from  the  President  and  a  great  majority  of  the 
members  of  Congress,  in  their  official  characters ;  —  it  ought 
to  be  recorded  —  from  the  Father  of  his  Country,  GEORGE 
WASHINGTON,  who  well  knew  Dr.  Wheelock,  while  an  officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  honored  him  with  his  particular 
notice  and  friendship  ;  from  many  of  the  most  celebrated  gen- 
erals of  the  army,  and  Governors  of  the  different  states,  with 
introductory  letters  from  the  Chevalier  de  Luzerne,  minister 
plenipotentiary  from  the  court  of  Versailles,  to  Count  de  Ver- 
gennes,  prime  minister  of  France,  from  the  Secretary  of  the 
United  States,  and  other  eminent  characters  to  different  parts 
of  Europe. 

u  After  some  weeks  spent  in  France,  Dr.  Wheelock,  receiv- 
ing introductory  and  friendly  letters  to  Mr.  Dumas,  the 
American  ChargS  d?  Affaires,  and  others  in  Holland,  from 
Dr.  Franklin,  and  John  Adams,  proceeded  to  the  Netherlands. 
A  considerable  sum  was  obtained  in  the  Netherlands  ;  but  we 
omit  a  particular  account  of  the  respectful  treatment  and  gen- 


78  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

erous  benefactions  he  received  from  the  Prince  of  Orange  and 
others  high  in  office. 

"  Thence  he  embarked  for  Great  Britain,  partly  with  a  view, 
much  lessened  by  the  public  feelings  from  the  Revolution  in 
America,  to  obtain  some  new  aids;  but  chiefly  to  reclaim  and 
negotiate  for  the  fund  in  Scotland,  belonging  to  the  school. 
It  had  been  barred  from  before  the  death  of  his  predecessor, 
whose  bills  were  protested,  and  still  lay  with  their  charges 
unredeemed,  besides  large  accounts  for  the  support  of  Indian 
youths,  without  the  means  of  payment,  unless  by  exhausting 
the  residue  of  the  property  of  the  college.  He  traveled  from 
Poole  to  London,  where  he  paid  his  first  and  grateful  respects 
to  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  Mr.  John  Thornton  and  others, 
who,  being  formerly  of  the  Board  of  Trust,  had  been  in  friend- 
ly relations  with  the  founder,  and  patronized  and  cherished  the 
seminary,  in  the  jeopardies  of  its  infancy.  With  his  eyes  in- 
variably on  the  object,  by  an  introductory  letter  from  Dr. 
Macclion,  to  Ralph  Griffith,  Esq.,  LL.  D.,  he  obtained  friendly 
access  to  Mr.  Straghn,  member  of  parliament  and  the  king's 
printer,  and  became  acquainted  with  his  son-in-law,  Mr. 
Spotswood.  This  respected  gentleman,  largely  connected, 
and  concerned  in  the  agencies  of  Scotland,  took  a  benevolent 
and  decisive  part  in  consulting,  and  adopting  measures  to  re- 
store the  fund,  at  Edinburgh,  in  the  care  of  the  Society,  to 
its  primitive  channel.  Communications  were  opened  —  the 
bills  were  paid ;  and  the  way  prepared  for  future  negotiations, 
till  the  Society  were  convinced  of  the  justice  of  the  claim. 
The  money  has  since  been  applied  to  the  support  of  the  school 
in  its  original  design ;  and  arrearages  of  interest  remitted  to 
the  president  to  cancel  the  debts  overwhelming  the  seminary. 
He,  also,  while  in  England,  as  on  the  continent,  procured 
some  coins  and  articles  appreciated  by  the  virtuosi.  By  the 
benevolence  of  Paul  Wentworth,  Esq.,  Doctor  Rose,  and  other 
friends  to  the  college,  some  valuable  philosophical  instruments 
were  obtained,  and  others  promised,  the  making  of  which  the 
two  former  kindly  engaged  to  superintend,  and  forward  the 
whole,  so  soon  as  completed,  to  America.  A  way,  besides, 
was  preparing  to  provide  natural  curiosities  for  a  museum. 
Those  instruments,  with  their  additions,  well  constructed, 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  79 

forming  an  apparatus  sufficient  for  all  the  more  important 
experiments  and  observations  in  Natural  Philosophy,  after- 
wards arrived ;  and  at  the  same  time  a  curious  and  valuable 
collection  of  stones  and  fossils  from  India,  and  different  parts 
of  Europe,  for  the  museum,  from  the  beneficent  Mr.  Forsythe, 
keeper  of  the  king's  gardens,  at  Kensington.  All  these  with 
costs  of  transportation,  were  gifts  received  ai  the  college,  by 
the  Trustees.  Only  a  word  more ;  a  large  and  elegant  gold 
medal  was  presented  by  Mr.  Clyde  of  London,  to  Dr.  Whee- 
lock,  in  his  official  character.  It  is  wholly  irrelevant  to  our 
purpose,  and  needless  to  speak  of  the  personal  civilities  and 
friendly  notices  of  Lord  Rawden,  by  whose  goodness  he  was 
introduced' at  the  House  of  Lords,  of  Sir  John  Wentworth, 
Sir  J.  Blois,  Dr.  Price,  and  others,  besides  those  before  men- 
tioned. 

"  Within  three  months  after  the  President's  return  (in 
1784)  the  Board  of  Trustees  convened  and  resolved,  if  suffi- 
cient means  could  be  obtained,  to  erect  an  edifice  of  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  by  fifty  feet,  three  stories  in  height,  for  the 
college,  with  convenient  accommodations  for  the  members. 
The  president,  professors,  and  some  of  the  Trustees  in  the 
vicinity,  were  requested  by  the  Board  to  solicit  subscriptions 
for  the  purpose.  They  depended  on  Dr.  Wheelock's  exer- 
tions, he  cheerfully  undertook.  By  his  arrangement  and 
exertions,  in  that  and  the  following  year  1785,  and  by  his 
agents,  near  fifteen  thousand  dollars  were  given  but  mostly 
subscribed  to  be  paid,  and  chiefly  by  responsible  men  in  dif- 
ferent places.  The  subscriptions  and  payments  were  all  put 
into  the  hands  of  the  contractor.  He  commenced  and  carried 
on  the  building.  But  in  1786  he  was  unable  to  procure  sup- 
plies and  nothing  but  an  immediate  cessation  of  the  business 
appeared.  Dr.  Wheelock  afforded  relief,  by  furnishing  the 
joiners,  about  twenty  in  number,  with  sustenance  through  the 
season,  and  aiding  in  the  collection  of  materials,  In  the  suc- 
ceeding years,  the  subscriptions  and  means  in  the  hands  of 
the  contractor  being  exhausted,  he  procured  by  bills  on  Mrs. 
Wheelock's  agent  in  the  West  Indies,  and  by  a  residue  re- 
mitted from  Holland  and  in  other  ways  by  his  friends  abroad, 
and  his  own  donation  of  $333.00,  all  the  glass,  the  nails,  the 


80  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

vane  and  spire  and  other  articles  and  some  pay  towards  the 
labor.  A  bell  he  had  by  solicitation  obtained  before.  By 
the  seventh  year  from  the  beginning  of  its  foundation,  the 
edifice  [Dartmouth  Hall]  was  finished,  and  well  prepared  for 
the  reception  of  the  students.  We  will  now  return  to  trace 
another  chain  of  operation. 

"  Dr.  Wheelock,  though  not  at  the  particular  request  of  the 
Board,  attended  the  Legislature  of  Vermont,  June  14,  1785. 
He  solicited ;  and  they  made  a  grant  of  a  township  [Whee-. 
lock],  23,040  acres,  one  half  to  the  college  and  the  other  half 
to  the  school,  to  be  free  from  all  public  taxes  forever.  As 
soon  as  practical  he  procured  a  survey,  obtained  a  charter, 
and  made  calculations  for  its  settlement.  Families  rapidly 
moved  in,  till  near  the  number  of  one.  hundred.  He  disposed 
of  a  large  part  of  the  tract  in  small  portions  on  long  leases. 
A  few  years  rent  free,  the  annual  product  has  been  to  the 
college  and  school,  each,  six  hundred  dollars. 

"  We  now  turn  to  the  State  of  New  Hampshire.  Dr.  Whee- 
lock had  applied,  by  the  desire  of  the  Board,  to  the  General 
Court  for  a  lottery,  and  obtained  it;  but  from  unexpected 
events  not  answering  the  purpose,  they  requested  him  in  1787 
to  present  a  memorial  to  the  Legislature  for  another  lottery 
under  different  modifications.  Professor  Woodward  attended 
as  agent  —  the  design  was  effected,  and  the  avails  received  by 
the  Board. 

"  The  pressure  of  demands  on  the  college  induced  him  to 
apply  and  attend  the  Legislature,  in  the  month  of  January, 
1789,  for  the  charter  of  a  tract  of  land  on  Connecticut  river 
and  near  the  northern  confine  of  the  State.  A  committee 
was  appointed  ;  occasional  discussions  arose  for  several  days ; 
the  matter  was  finally  brought  before  the  House.  The  Sen- 
ate and  House  of  Representatives  passed  an  act  granting 
to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  a  valuable  tract  of 
eight  miles  square,  about  42,000  acres  adjoining  north  of 
Stewarts  town.  [Ebenezer  Webster  was  the  chairman  of  the 
Legislative  committee  recommending  this  grant.]  The  forci- 
ble and  energetic  eloquence  of  General  Sullivan,  that  eminent 
commander  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  in  the  debate  on  this 
subject  cannot  be  forgotten.  It  drew  him  from  his  bed. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  81 

amidst  the  first  attacks  of  fatal  disease  —  and  it  was  the  last 
speech  which  he  ever  made  in  public.     This  interesting  grant 
scattered  the  clouds  just  bursting  on  the  institution.     It  was  . 
now  harrassed  with  heavy  debts  of  an  early  standing  in  its 
losses  at  Landaff,  which  amounted  to  $30,000. 

"  At  the  time  of  obtaining  the  above  grant,  Dr.  Wheelock  N 
also  negotiated  to  recover  the  donation  of  $583,  made  by  Dr. 
John  Phillips,  in  1772  [for  a  philosophical  apparatus],  to  the 
college,  and  deposited  in  the  hands  of  Governor  Wentworth, 
which,  after  he  left  the  country  was  considered,  from  his  cir- 
cumstances, as  wholly  lost.  But  Dr.  Wheelock  adoptedy 
measures  and  secured  an  account  of  the  same  and  interest 
out  of  confiscated  property  $1,203,  in  notes  and  certificates, 
which  he  received  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  State,  for  the 
Trustees.  He  also  received,  about  that  period,  $125,  com- 
mitted to  his  agency  by  the  same  great  benefactor,  in  a  par- 
ticular conference  to  transact  with  the  Board,  said  sum  to 
be  given  in  his  name  to  them  ;  only  on  the  express  condition, 
that  they  would  agree  to  sequester  with  it  his  gift  of  about 
4,000  acres  of  land  by  deed  to  them  in  1781,  as  an  accumu- 
lating fund  for  the  express  purpose  of  supporting  a  professor 
of  Theology.  They  accepted  the  gift  and  sequestered  the 
property  on  the  terms  of  the  donor. 

"  The  president  had  taken  into  his  own  hands,  at  the  desire 
of  the  Board,  the  management  of  the  finances  and  external 
interest  of  the  college,  and  continued  to  conduct,  and  regulate 
them,  for  five  years,  through  its  difficult  and  trying  scenes. 
Having,  besides  what  has  been  mentioned,  among  other  ar- 
rangements, leased  a  number  of  lots  permanently  productive, 
secured  the  appropriation  of  several  valuable  tracts,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  college,  to  the  use  of  professorships,  and  pro- 
vided relief  by  obtaining  the  means  to  free  the  seminary  from 
its  weight  of  debts,  he  resigned  to  the  Board,  in  August  fol- 
lowing, the  particular  charge  of  the  finances,  except  retaining 
in  trust  the  disposal  of  the  college  moiety  of  the  township  in 
Vermont  till  a  few  years  after,  when  he  had  completed  the 
proposed  object  of  settling  and  leasing  the  same. 

"  The  next  year,  1790,  there  being  no  proper  place  for  the 
public  religious  and  literary  exercises  of  the  members  of  the 


82  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

seminary,  the  apartment  of  the  old  building  falling  into  decay 
and  ruin,  he  undertook,  made  arrangements,  provided  the 
means,  and  erected  by  contract,  in  five  months,  a  chapel,  near 
the  new  college  edifice.  It  is  fifty  feet  by  thirty-six,  of  two 
stories  height,  arched  within  and  completely  finished,  and 
painted  without  —  convenient,  and  well  adapted  to  the  objects 
proposed. 

"  He  caused  a  new  building  [for  Moor's  School]  to  be  erect- 
ed and  finished,  with  a  yard,  in  1791  —  two  stories  high,  the 
lower  apartment  convenient  to  accommodate  near  a  hundred 
youths.  The  school  was  improved  in  the  order  and  regulation 
of  its  members  under  the  distinguished  talents  and  fidelity  of 
their  instructor  Mr.  [Josiah]  Dunham,  the  present  Secretary 
of  Vermont.  At  the  request  of  the  Society  three  years  after 
it  was  visited  by  a  committee  of  their  Boston  commissioners 
charged  with  the  solution  of  a  number  of  queries  in  regard  to 
its  state,  relations,  and  property.  Their  favorable  report  was 
transmitted  to  Scotland. 

"  Of  the  large  debts  accumulated  for  the  support  of  the 
school,  in  the  latter  years  of  the  first  president,  to  discharge 
the  most  pressing  part,  the  Trustees  had  consented  to  the  dis- 
posal of  lands  and  property  in  their  hands,  hoping  that  the 
amount  would  be  replaced.  The  advances,  thus  made,  the 
president  considered  himself  as  holden  in  justice  to  refund; 
and  accordingly  paid  them  for  the  college,  in  the  year  1793, 
$4,000,  besides  some  items  of  small  amount  before.  [Lands 
also  appear  to  have  been  sold  to  aid  in  building  Dartmouth 
Hall.] 

"  The  Rev.  Israel  Evans  [of  Concord]  at  that  time  was  a 
member  of  the  Board.  He  had  expressed  more  than  once,  in 
intimate  conversation  to  Dr.  Wheelock,  their  friendship  having 
been  long  cemented  in  scenes  of  war  and  peace,  his  desire  to  do 
something  for  the  good  of  mankind  and  the  institution.  He 
finally  remarked,  that  he  had  made  up  his  mind  to  sequester 
a  portion  of  his  property  as  the  foundation  for  a  professorship 
of  eloquence  ;  which  he  knew  would  also  be  agreeable  to  Mrs. 
Evans.  Confined  by  sickness  the  succeeding  year,  at  his 
earnest  request,  by  a  special  message,  the  Doctor  paid  him  a 
visit.  The  latter  expressed  in  his  family,  his  views  and  de- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  83 

sign  ;  and  receiving  from  the  former  an  assent  to  his  wishes 
to  insert  his  name  as  one  of  the  executors,  proceeded  in  the 
full  exercise  of  his  mental  faculties,  to  complete  his  will.  Be- 
sides his  bequests  otherwise,  he  gave  of  money  in  the  funds, 
and  real  estate,  the  amount  of  about  $7,000,  or  upwards,  in 
reversion  to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  after  the 
death  of  his  wife,  as  a  permanent  fund  for  a  professor  of  elo- 
quence. 

"  About  the  same  time,  Dr.  Wheelock  attended  the  General 
Court,  to  open  the  way  for  their  favorable  attention  to  the 
important  objects  of  the  institution.  Matters  were  in  sus- 
pense till  the  next  session  in  June  1807,  when  he  again  per- 
sonally appeared  before  the  Legislature.  His  memorial  was 
considered,  committed,  and  after  report  an  act  was  made, 
granting  to  the  Trustees  of  the  college  a  township  of  the  con- 
tents of  six  miles  square,  to  be  laid  out  on  the  border  of  the 
District  of  Maine,  to  the  approbation  of  the  Governor  and 
Council.  The  land  was  surveyed  :  mostly  an  excellent  tract, 
watered  by  a  branch  of  the  river  Androscoggin  running  central 
through  the  whole,  and  near  the  northern  turnpike  road  — 
he  waited  on  them  with  the  plan,  and  obtained  their  ratifica- 
tion in  1808." 

The  grant  of  Landaff  to  the  college  had  great  weight  with 
President  Wheelock,  in  deciding  upon  a  location.  But  after 
he  had  expended  several  thousand  dollars  in  improvements 
there,  the  title  was  found  to  be  defective,  and  prior  grantees 
secured  the  whole.  In  view  of  this  loss,  the  State  with  com- 
mendable liberality  made  the  above  grants. 

There  seems  to  have  been  no  material  change  in  the  policy 
of  the  college,  or  the  course  of  study,  in  the  earlier  years  of 
this  administration. 

The  following  items  from  the  official  records  of  the  Trustees 
are  worthy  of  notice,  the  first  bearing  date,  August,  1794: 

"  Voted  that  those  Freshmen  who  wish  to  be  excused  from 
going  errands  for  other  students  be  not  obliged  to  go,  and  that 
those  who  do  not  go  such  errands  have  not  afterwards  the 
privilege  of  sending  Freshmen. 

"Adjourned  Meeting,  February,  1796.  No  person  shall  be 
admitted  into  the  Freshman  class  unless  he  be  versed  in  Vir- 


84  DAETMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

gil,  Cicero's  Select  Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  be  able 
accurately  to  translate  English  into  Latin,  and  also  under- 
stands the  fundamental  rules  of  Arithmetic." 

The  following  statement  was  published  in  1811 : 

"  The  immediate  instruction  and  government  of  the  stu- 
dents is  with  the  president,  who  is  also  professor  of  civil  and 
Ecclesiastical  History,  a  professor  of  the  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew 
and  Oriental  Languages,  a  professor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy,  a  professor  of  Divinity,  and  two  tutors. 
The  qualifications  for  admission  into  the  Freshman  class  are, 
a  good  moral  character,  a  good  acquaintance  with  Virgil, 
Cicero's  Select  Orations,  the  Greek  Testament,  knowledge,  to 
translate  English  into  Latin,  and  an  acquaintance  with  the 
fundamental,  rules  of  Arithmetic.  The  members  of  the 
classes,  in  rotation,  declaim  before  the  officers  in  the  chapel 
every  Wednesday,  at  two  o'clock,  p.  M. 

"  The  Senior,  Junior,  and  Sophomore  classes,  successively 
pronounce  such  orations  and  other  compositions,  written  by 
themselves,  as  the  president  and  professors  shall  direct,  on  the 
last  Wednesday  of  November,  the  second  Wednesday  of  March, 
and  the  third  Wednesday  of  May.  Tragedies,  plays,  and 
all  irreligious  expressions  and  sentiments  are  sacredly  pro- 
hibited. 

"  The  Languages,  the  Arts,  and  Sciences  are  studied  in  the 
following  order :  the  Freshman  Class  study  the  Latin  and 
Greek  classics,  Arithmetic,  English  Grammar  and  Rhetoric. 
The  Sophomore  Class  study  the  Latin  and  Greek  classics, 
Logic,  Geography,  Arithmetic,  Geometry,  Trigonometry,  Al- 
gebra, Conic  Sections,  Surveying,  Belles-lettres  and  Criticism. 
The  Junior  Class  study  the  Latin  and  Greek  classics,  Geome- 
try, Natural  and  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Astronomy.  The 
Senior  Class  read  Metaphysics,  Theology,  and  Natural  and 
Political  Law."  Chemistry  was  introduced  at  about  this 
period.  "  The  study  of  the  Hebrew  and  the  other  Oriental 
Languages,  as  also  the  French  Language,  is  recommended  to 
the  students.  Every  week  some  part  of  the  classes  exhibits 
composition  according  to  the  direction  of  the  authority.  All 
the  classes  are  publicly  examined  at  stated  periods;  those 
1  Memoirs  of  Wheelock. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  85 

who  are  found  deficient  lose  their  standing  in  the  class.  It  is 
a  fixed  rule  that  the  idle  and  vicious  shall  not  receive  the  hon- 
ors of  college. 

"  The  punishments  inflicted  on  offenders  are  admonition, 
suspension  and  expulsion.  The  president  attends  morning 
and  evening  prayers  with  the  students  in  the  chapel,  and 
often  delivers  lectures  to  them  on  ecclesiastical  history,  on 
the  doctrines  of  the  Christian  religion,  or  other  important 
subjects.  He  hears  the  recitations  of  the  Senior  class ;  his 
fund  of  general  science  renders  this  an  interesting  part  of 
collegiate  life." 

The  librarian  continues  his  statements  as  follows : 

"  While  the  library  of  the  college  was  slowly  increasing  in 
numbers  and  more  slowly  in  value  as  measured  by  the  wants 
of  the  students,  there  were  begun  two  other  libraries,  de- 
signed in  the  beginning  as  supplements,  but  by  their  rapid 
increase  and  utility  soon  taking  the  leading  place.  In  1783, 
was  formed  the  society  of  under-graduates  known  under  the 
title  of  '  Social  Friends '  and  the  collection  of  a  library  was 
begun.  Three  years  later,  by  the  secession  of  a  part  of  the 
members,  the  rival  society  of  the  '  United  Fraternity '  came 
into  existence.  The  aim  of  the  societies  was  to  furnish  liter- 
ary culture,  and  their  exercises  and  constitutions  differed  but 
little,  while  each  attempted  to  obtain  more  and  better  men, 
and  collect  a  larger  library,  than  the  other.  It  was  provided 
in  the  constitution  of  the  last  formed  society,  that  each  mem- 
ber should  advance  for  the  use  of  the  library  twelve  shillings 
lawful  money. 

"  At  a  meeting  during  the  next  year  the  society  voted  to 
register  its  books,  which  consisted  of  twenty-three  volumes  of 
magazines  and  thirty-four  other  books,  making  with  a  few 
presented  at  the  meeting  a  library  of  sixty-three  volumes. 
In  1790,  the  two  societies  subscribed  to  what  they  termed 
4  articles  of  confederation,'  in  which  it  was  agreed  that  a  case 
should  be  procured  to  contain  their  books,  and  that  each  soci- 
ety should  aid  in  the  increase  of  the  common  library.  For 
this  purpose  each  society  was  to  advance  from  one  to  two 
dollars  for  every  member,  the  sum  being  largest  for  the  lowest 
class  and  least  for  the  Senior  class,  and  a  committee  was  con- 


86  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

stituted  with  power  to  settle  all  differences.  But  however 
strong  the  agreement  between  the  two  parties  it  could  not 
eliminate  jealousy  ;  neither  were  the  societies  entirely  free 
from  internal  dissensions.  The  records  contain  accounts  of 
k  conspiracies,'  and  attempts  to  destroy  the  societies,  accom- 
panied by  reports  of  committees,  treating  the  subject  with  the 
dignity  of  a  danger  to  the  State.  One  of  these  '  conspira- 
cies '  in  1793,  terminated  in  the  destruction  of  nearly  all  the 
records  of  the  '  Social  Friends '  and  almost  caused  the  disso- 
lution of  the  society.  Much  of  the  strife  between  the  societies 
was  caused  by  the  mode  of  securing  members,  and  though 
there  were  amendments  intended  to  lessen  this,  nothing  like 
"a  settlement  was  made  until  1815,  when  an  order  from  the 
officers  of  the  college  limited  the  membership  of  each  society 
to  one  half  of  the  number  in  the  different  classes.  It  was 
probably  this  question  of  membership  that  caused,  in  1799, 
the  division  of  the  4  federal  library  ' ;  the  c  United  Fra- 
ternity '  that  year  demanding  a  separation,  and  the  4  So- 
cial Friends  '  replying  that  they  cheerfully  concurred.  With 
the  strong  rivalry  existing,  the  libraries  could  but  increase 
more  rapidly  under  separate  management.,  especially  as  the 
students  for  many  years  taxed  themselves  severely,  and  con- 
tributed generously  by  subscriptions  and  donations  to  fill  up 
their  few  shelves.  Nearly  all  the  books  were  contributed  by 
under-graduates,  and  the  value  placed  upon  them  forms  a 
marked  contrast  with  the  present  use  of  library  books.  It 
was  upon  these  libraries  that  the  students  more  generally  de- 
pended, and  while  their  additions  were  larger  they  also  had 
larger  losses  and  suffered  more  from  the  wear  of  usage.  They 
obtained  from  time  to  time  the  books  that  were  needed,  the 
college  library  such  as  were  given,  and  that  was  doubtless 
true  during  all  of  the  time  which  was  said  of  it  fifty  years 
later :  4  The  library  contains  some  rare  and  valuable  works, 
but  is  deficient  in  new  books.'  The  society  libraries  from  the 
beginning  had  regular  and  frequent  hours  for  drawing  books, 
while  the  college  library  during  a  great  part  of  its  history  has 
been  from  various  reasons  hardly  accessible,  or  open  only  at 
long  intervals.  In  1793,  the  college  began  the  yearly  assess- 
ment of  eight  shillings  on  each  student,  one  fourth  for  the 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  87 

salary  of  the  librarian,  and  the  remainder  for  the  purchase  of 
new  books. 

u  The  first  printed  catalogue  of  any  of  the  libraries  was  of 
that  of  the  college,  and  was  merely  a  list  printed  in  1810. 
It  mentioned  2,900  volumes,  but  as  there  were  many  dupli- 
cates the  number  of  books  of  any  practical  value  was  less  than 
2,000.  The  number  of  books  in  each  of  the  society  libraries 
at  this  time  may  be  estimated  as  slightly  over  1,000,  so  that 
the  number  of  volumes  to  which  access  could  be  had  was  not 
much  over  4,000."  We  quote  an  item  worthy  of  notice  from 
official  records  on  this  subject : 

"  Annual  Meeting  of  Trustees,  September,  A.  D.  1783. 
This  Board  being  informed  that  Mr.  Daniel  Oliver,  a  student 
in  the  Junior  class  at  this  College,  has  made  a  donation  to 
Library  of  the  following  books  [43  volumes ;  33  different 
works],  Voted,  that  the  Vice-president  be  requested  to  re- 
turn him  the  thanks  of  this  Board  and  request  his  acceptance 
of  the  use  of  the  college  library  free  of  charge  during  the 
term  he  shall  continue  a  student  at  this  college." 


CHAPTER  XL 

LACK  OF  HARMONY  BETWEEN  PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK  AND 
OTHER  TRUSTEES.  — REMOVAL  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  FROM 
OFFICE.  — ESTIMATE  OF  HIS  CHARACTER. 

THE  administration  of  President  John  Wheelock  is  remark- 
able for  two  things ;  its  great  length,  and  its  unhappy  close. 

The  great  "  Dartmouth  Controversy  "  is  one  of  the  most 
impressive  chapters  in  the  annals  of  American  colleges. 

In  discussing  this  subject  it  is  necessary  to  consider  some 
of  the  influences  which  had  aided  in  moulding  President 
Wheelock's  character.  His  residence  at  Yale  College  was  at 
an  important  period  in  the  history  of  that  institution,  com- 
mencing soon  after  the  resignation  of  President  Clap,  who  had 
been  driven  from  his  position,  virtually,  for  opposing  any  in- 
terference in  the  affairs  of  the  college,  by  the  Legislature. 
The  friends  of  education  were  divided  in  sentiment,  as  to  the 
wisdom  of  his  course,  and  the  institution  .was  in  some  sense 
under  a  cloud  till  the  accession  of  President  Stiles  —  a  friend 
of  the  Wheelock  family  —  who  effected  an  arrangement  by 
which  the  State  was  admitted  to  a  share  in  the  management 
of  the  college.  The  following  letter  from  a  prominent  Trustee 
of  Dartmouth  to  the  president,  written  just  at  this  period, 
shows  that  the  animated  contest  in  Connecticut  was  only  the 
natural  and  logical  precursor  of  one  more  animated  and  much 
more  important,  in  New  Hampshire. 

"  CHAELESTOWN,  November  17,  1791. 

"  HON.  SIR  :  I  have  set  my  name  to  the  petition,  etc.,  al- 
though, I  confess  not  without  some  hesitation  and  reluctance. 
I  like  the  plan  well  in  general,  —  but  there  is  one  exception. 
I  cannot  form  any  idea  of  what  is  intended  by  the  proposal, 
That  the  Council,  or  Senate,  or  both,  be  admitted  to  some 
cern  in  the  government  of  the  university  [college] . 


HON.  NATHANIEL  NILES. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  89 

"  This  appears  to  me  to  be  a  proposal  of  too  much  or  nothing 
at  all,  and  of  something  not  in  the  power  of  this  Board  to 
confer,  who  I  think  cannot  admit  any  foreign  jurisdiction,  any 
man,  or  number  of  men  to  any  share  in  government  of  the  uni- 
versity, properly  so  termed,  otherwise  than  what  the  Constitu- 
tion specifies. 

u  I  have,  however,  subscribed  under  the  influence  of  this  con- 
sideration :  That  in  the  event  it  may  subject  us  to  no  other 
inconvenience,  but  the  imputation  of  inconsistence  in  conduct  in 
hereafter  rejecting  a  compliance  with  our  own  proposal,  if  we 
shall  find  that  more  is  performed  by  others  than  was  intended, 
or  can  be  admitted  by  us,  though  fairly  enough  proffered. 

"  I  think  some  precautionary  injunctions  to  the  Agent  in  this 
matter  would  be  wise  and  prudent. 

"  In  haste  — 

"  I  am,  sir,  with  much  esteem  and  sincere  affection, 
"  Your  sincere  friend  and  humble  servant, 

"  BULKLEY  OLCOTT." 

"  PRESIDENT  WHEELOCK." 

Mr.  Wheelock's  experiences  also  as  a  legislator  and  military 
commander,  in  early  life,  doubtless  gave  him  a  larger  confi- 
dence in  his  own  abilities  on  the  one  hand,  and  on  the  other 
a  more  profound  conviction  that  everything  in  the  State 
should  be  subordinate  to  the  State. 

The  religious  aspects  of  President  Wheelock's  character,  are 
worthy  of  special  notice.  He  was  the  dutiful,  in  some  sense 
the  favorite  son  of  an  honored  father.  The  former  president, 
although  sound  in  the  faith,  had  more  catholic  views  and/j 
broader  sympathies  than  many  of  the  -leading  divines  of  his  I 
day.  The  son  was  no  less  liberal  than  the  father.  This  liber- 
ality was  doubtless  the  real  cause  of  difference  between  the 
second  president  and  his  associates  in  office.  His  first  decided 
opponent  was  Nathaniel  Niles,  who  entered  the  Board  in  1793, 
a  man  of  rare  ability,  and  in  early  life  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Bellamy, 
whose  religious  views  on  some  points  were  materially  different 
from  those  of  his  contemporary  and  neighbor,  the  first  president. 

The  first  important  point  gained  by  Mr.  Niles  was  the  elec- 
tion of  his  friend,  Mr.  Shurtleff,  to  the  chair  of  Divinity,  in  \ 
1804. 


90  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

For  ten  years  the  breach  was  constantly  widening  between 
the  president  and  his  opponents.  We  now  find  the  following 
official  records : 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees,  November  11,  1814,  the 
following  preamble  and  resolutions,  introduced  by  Charles 
Marsh,  Esq.,  were  adopted. 

"  Whereas,  the  duties  of  the  president  of  this  university  have 
become  very  multiplied  and  arduous  ;  and,  whereas,  it  is  neces- 
sary that  he  should  continue  to  attend  to  the  concerns  of  this 
institution,  and  the  various  officers  and  departments  thereof, 
and  should  have  time  to  prepare  and  lay  before  this  Board  the 
business  to  which  its  attention  should  be  directed  ;  therefore, 
resolved,  that,  in  order  to  relieve  the  president  from  some  por- 
tion of  the  burdens  which  unavoidably  devolve  on  him,  he  be 
excused  in  future  from  hearing  the  recitations  of  the  Senior 
Class,  in  Locke,  Edwards,  and  Stewart. 

"  Resolved,  that  the  Professors,  Shurtleff  and  Moore,  jointly 
supply  the  pulpit,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  agreed  between 
them.  That  Professor  Shurtleff  hear  the  recitation  of  the 
Senior  class  in  Edwards  on  the  Will ;  that  Professor  Adarns 
hear  the  recitation  of  the  Senior  class  in  Locke  on  the  Human 
Understanding,  and  that  Professor  Moore  hear  the  recitation 
of  the  Senior  class  in  Stewart's  Philosophy  of  the  Mind,  and 
that  he  hear  them  in  both  volumes  of  that  work." 

This  action  of  the  Board  was  followed  by  the  .publication  of 
the  "  Sketches,"  and,  in  June,  1815,  the  presentation  of  the 
following  Petition  to  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  : 

"  HONORABLE  LEGISLATORS,  —  The  citizens  of  New 
Hampshire  enjoy  security  and  peace  under  your  wise  laws  ; 
prosperity  in  productive  labors  by  means  which  you  have 
adopted  ;  and,  by  your  counsels,  increasing  knowledge  in  the 
establishment  of  literature  through  the  State.  But,  for  none 
of  these,  can  so  much  be  ascribed  to  your  attention  as  for 
Dartmouth  College.  By  your  patronage  and  munificence  it 
was  flourishing  in  former  years;  and  so  it  still  would  have 
continued  had  the  management  of  its  concerns  been  adapted 
to  answer  the  designs  of  your  wisdom,  and  the  hopes  of  its 
most  enlightened  and  virtuous  friends. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  91 

u  To  your  Honorable  body,  whose  guardian  care  encircles  the 
institutions  of  the  State,  it  becomes  incumbent  on  the  citizens 
to  make  known  any  change  in  their  condition  and  relations 
interesting  to  the  public  good.  To  you  alone,  whose  power 
extends  to  correcting  or  reforming  their  abuses,  ought  he  to 
apply  when  they  cease  to  promote  the  end  of  their  establish- 
ment, the  social  order  and  happiness. 

"  Gladly  would  the  offerer  of  this  humble  address,  avoiding 
to  trouble  your  counsels,  have  locked  up  his  voice  in  perpetual 
silence,  while  the  evils  are  rolling  on  and  accumulating,  were 
he  not  otherwise  compelled  by  a  sense  of  duty  to  your  Legis- 
lature, and  to  the  best  interests  of  mankind,  in  the  present 
and  future  times. 

"  Will  you  permit  him  to  suggest  there  is  reason  to  fear  that 
those  who  hold  in  trust  the  concerns  of  this  seminary  have 
forsaken  its  original  principles  and  left  the  path  of  their  pred- 
ecessors. It  is  unnecessary  to  relate  how  the  evil  com- 
menced in  its  embryo  state  ;  by  what  means  and  practices, 
they,  thus  deviating,  have  in  recent  years,  with  the  same  ob- 
ject in  view,  increased  their  number  to  a  majority  controlling 
the  measures  of  the  Board  ;  but  more  important  is  it  to  lay 
before  you  that  there  are  serious  grounds  to  excite  apprehen- 
sions of  the  great  impropriety  and  dangerous  tendency  of 
their  proceedings  ;  reasons  to  believe  that  they  have  applied 
property  to  purposes  wholly  alien  from  the  intentions  of  the 
donors,  and  under  peculiar  circumstances  to  excite  regret  ; 
that  they  have  in  the  series  of  their  movements,  to  promote 
party  views,  transformed  the  moral  and  religious  order  of  the 
institution,  by  depriving  many  of  their  innocent  enjoyment  of 
rights  and  privileges  for  which  they  had  confided  in  their 
faith  ;  that  they  have  broken  down  the  barriers  and  violated 
the  Charter,  by  prostrating  the  rights  with  which  it  expressly 
invests  the  presidential  office  ;  that,  to  subserve  their  pur- 
poses, they  have  adopted  improper  methods  in  their  appoint- 
ments of  executive  officers,  naturally  tending  to  embarrass 
and  obstruct  the  harmonious  government  and  instruction  of 
the  seminary ;  that  they  have  extended  their  powers,  which 
the  Charter  confines  to  the  college,  to  form  connection  with 
an  academy *  in  exclusion  of  the  other  academies  in  the  State, 
1  Kimball  Union  Academy. 


92  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

cementing  an  alliance  with  its  overseers,  and  furnishing 
aid  from  the  college  treasury  for  its  students  ;  that  they  have 
perverted  the  power,  which  by  the  incorporation  they  ought 
to  exercise  over  a  branch  of  Moor's  Charity  School,  and  have 
obstructed  the  application  of  its  fund  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  establishment  and  the  design  of  the  donors  ;  and  that 
their  measures  have  been  oppressive  to  your  memorialist  in 
the  discharge  of  his  office. 

"  Such  are  the  impressions  as  now  related,  arising  from  the 
acts  and  operations  of  those  who  have  of  late  commanded  the 
decisions  of  the  Board. 

"  Your  memorialist  does  not  pretend  to  exhibit  their  mo- 
tives, whether  they  have  been  actuated  by  erroneous  concep- 
tions, or  mistaken  zeal,  or  some  other  cause,  in  attending  to 
the  concerns  of  the  institution.  But  with  great  deference  he 
submits  the  question,  unless  men  in  trust  preserve  inviola- 
ble faith,  whether  pledged  by  words,  or  action,  or  usage,  to 
individuals,  unless  they  continuously  keep  within  the  limits 
assigned  to  them  by  law ;  if  they  do  not  sacredly  apply  the 
fruits  of  benevolence  committed  to  their  charge,  to  the  des- 
tined purpose  ;  if  the  public  affairs  in  their  trust  are  not  con- 
ducted with  openness,  impartiality,  and  candor,  instead  of 
designed  and  secret  management ;  if  they  become  pointedly 
hostile  to  those  who  discern  their  course,  and  honestly  oppose 
their  measures  which  are  esteemed  destructive ;  if  they  bear 
down  their  inoffensive  servants,  who  are  faithful  to  the  cause 
of  truth,  how  can  an  establishment  under  these  circumstances, 
be  profitable  to  mankind  ?  How  can  there  be  a  gleam  of 
prospective  joy  to  any  except  to  those  who  are  converting  its 
interest  into  their  own  channel,  to  serve  a  favorite  design  ? 
What  motive,  then,  will  remain  to  benefactors  to  lay  founda- 
tions, or  to  bestow  their  charities  on  such  an  object  ? 

"  There  is  also  ground  for  increasing,  fearful  apprehension, 
by  adding  to  the  immediate,  what  may  be  the  ultimate  effect 
of  the  measures  which  have  been  described.  In  a  collective 
view  they  appear  to  the  best  acquainted  and  discerning  to  be, 
in  all  their  adaptations,  tending  to  one  end,  to  complete  the 
destruction  of  the  original  principles  of  the  college  and  school, 
and  to  establish  a  new  modified  system,  to  strengthen  the  in- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  93 

terests  of  a  party  or  sect,  which,  by  extending  its  influence 
under  the  fairest  professions,  will  eventually  affect  the  politi- 
cal independence  of  the  people,  and  move  the  springs  of  their 
government. 

"  To  you,  revered  legislators  !  the  writer  submits  the  fore- 
going important  considerations.  He  beholds,  in  your  Honor- 
able body,  the  sovereign  of  the  State,  holding,  by  the  Consti- 
tution, and  the  very  nature  of  sovereignty  in  all  countries, 
the  sacred  right,  with  your  duty  and  responsibility  to  God,  to 
visit  and  oversee  the  literary  establishments,  where  the  man- 
ners and  feelings  of  the  young  are  formed,  and  grow  up  in 
the  citizen  in  after  life ;  to  restrain  from  injustice,  and  rectify 
abuses  in  their  management,  and,  if  necessary,  to  reduce  them 
to  their  primitive  principles,  or  so  modify  their  powers  as  to 
make  them  subservient  to  the  public  welfare.  To  your  pro- 
tection, and  wise  arrangements,  he  submits  whatever  he  holds 
in  official  rights  by  the  Charter  of  the  seminary  ;  and  to  you 
his  invaluable  rights  as  a  subject  and  citizen. 

44  He  entreats  your  honorable  body  to  take  into  considera- 
tion the  state  and  concerns  of  the  college  and  school,  as  laid 
before  you. 

"  And  as  the  Legislature  have  never  before  found  occasion 
to  provide,  by  any  tribunal,  against  the  evils  of  the  foregoing 
nature,  and  their  ultimate  dangers,  he  prays  that  you  would 
please,  by  a  committee  invested  with  competent  powers,  or 
otherwise,  to  look  into  the  affairs  and  management  of  the 
institution,  internal  and  external,  already  referred  to,  and,  if 
judged  expedient  in  your  wisdom,  that  you  would  make  such 
organic  improvements  and  model  reforms  in  its  system  and 
movements,  as,  under  Divine  Providence,  will  guard  against 
the  disorders  and  their  apprehended  consequences. 

"  He  begs  only  to  add  the  contemplated  joys  of  the  friends 
of  man  and  virtue,  in  the  result  of  your  great  wisdom  and 
goodness,  which  may  secure  this  seat  of  science,  so  that  it 
may  become  an  increasing  source  of  blessings  to  the  State, 
and  to  mankind  of  the  present  and  succeeding  ages,  instead 
of  a  theatre  for  the  purpose  of  a  few,  terminating  in  public 
calamity. 

44  Whatever  disposal  your  Honorable  body  may  please  to 


94  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

make  of  the  subject  now  presented,  the  subscriber  will  never 
cease  to  maintain  the  most  humble  deference  and  dutiful  re- 
spect. JOHN  WHEELOCK." 

It  would  not  be  profitable,  at  the  present  time,  to  re-open 
the  discussion  of  the  subject  matter  of  the  various  charges 
contained  in  the  above  document,  which  were  so  fully  elabo- 
rated in  the  "  Sketches,"  and  so  carefully  considered  in  the 
subsequent  "  Vindication  "  by  the  Trustees. 

The  prayer  of  the  Memorial  was  granted  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, by  the  appointment  of  a  committee  of  investigation. 
The  following  letter  is  worthy  of  careful  attention  in  this 
connection : 

"  EXETER,  August  15,  1815. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR,  —  In  common  with  many  others  I  have 
felt  considerable  anxiety  for  the  issue  of  the  matter  so  much 
in  public  discussion  relative  to  Dartmouth  College.  I  do  not 
feel  either  inclined  or  competent  to  give  any  opinion  as  to  the 
course  which  ought  finally  to  be  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees for  the  benefit  of  that  institution.  I  am  entirely  willing 
to  leave  that  to  the  determination  of  those  much  better  in- 
formed on  the  subject  and  better  able  to  judge.  From  certain 
intimations  which  I  have  lately  had,  I  am  led  to  believe  an 
intention  is  entertained  by  some  members  of  the  Board  of 
ending  all  difficulty  with  the  president  by  removing  him 
from  office.  I  greatly  fear  such  a  measure  adopted  under 
present  circumstances,  and  at  the  present  time,  would  have  a 
very  unhappy  effect  on  the  public  mind.  An  inquiry  is  now 
pending,  instituted  after  considerable  discussion,  by  the  Legis- 
lature of  this  State,  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  granting 
relief  for  the  subject  matter  of  complaint.  The  Trustees  ac- 
quiesce in  this  inquiry ;  whether  they  appear  before  the  com- 
mittee appointed  to  make  it  formally  as  a  body,  or  informally 
as  individuals,  the  public  will  not  deem  of  much  importance. 
The  Legislature,  I  think,  for  certain  purposes,  have  a  right  to 
inquire  into  an  alleged  mismanagement  of  such  an  institution, 
a  visitorial  power  rests  in  the  State,  and  I  do  not  deem  it  im- 
portant for  my  present  view  to  determine  in  what  department 
or  how  to  be  exercised.  The  Legislature  may,  on  proper  occa- 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  95 

sion,  call  it  into  operation.  I  have  never  seen  the  president's 
memorial  to  the  Legislature,  but  am  told  it  is  an  abstract  from 
the  4  Pamphlet  of  Sketches.'  From  the  statements  in  that  I 
take  the  burthen  of  his  complaint  to  be,  that  the  Trustees  have 
not  given  him  a  due  and  proper  share  of  power  and  influence 
in  the  concerns  of  the  college,  and  that  they  have  improperly 
used  their  own  power  and  influence  in  patronizing  and  propa- 
gating in  the  college  particular  theological  opinions.  The  al- 
leged misapplication  of  funds  [paid  for  preaching]  is  stated  as 
an  instance  of  such  misconduct.  These  opinions,  it  would 
seem,  are  particularly  disagreeable  to  the  president.  The 
whole  dispute  is  made  to  have  a  bearing  on  the  president 
personally.  Should  the  Trustees,  during  the  pendency  of  the 
inquiry  in  a  cause  in  which  they  are  supposed  to  be  a  party, 
take  the  judgment  into  their  own  hands,  and  summarily  end 
the  dispute  by  destroying  the  other  party,  they  will  offend 
and  irritate  at  least  all  those  who  were  in  favor  of  making  the 
inquiry.  Such  will  not  be  satisfied  with  the  answer  that  the 
Trustees  have  the  power  and  feel  it  to  be  their  duty  to  exer- 
cise it.  It  will  be  said  that  the  reasons  which  justify  a  re- 
moval (if  there  be  any)  have  existed  for  a  long  time.  A 
removal  after  so  long  forbearance,  at  the  present  time,  will 
be  attributed  to  recent  irritations. 

"  That  part  of  the  president's  complaint  which  relates  to 
his  religious  grievances,  addresses  itself  pretty  strongly  to  the 
prejudices  and  feelings  of  all  those  opposed  to  the  sect  called 
Orthodox.  This  comprises  all  the  professed  friends  of  liberal 
religion,  most  of  the  Baptists  and  Methodist,  and  all  the  noth- 
ingarians. The  Democrats  will  be  against  you,  of  course.  All 
these  combined  would  compose  in  this  State  a  numerous  and 
powerful  body.  Any  measure  adopted  by  the  Trustees  with 
the  appearance  of  anger,  or  haste,  will  be  eagerly  seized  on. 
If  the  statements  of  the  president  are  as  incorrect  as  I  have 
heard  it  confidently  asserted,  an  exposure  of  that  incorrectness 
will  put  the  public  opinion  right.  It  may  require  time,  but 
the  result  must  be  certain.  If  it  can  be  shown  that  his  com- 
plaints are  nothing  but  defamatory  clamor,  he  will  be  reduced 
to  that  low  condition  that  it  will  be  the  interest  of  no  sect  or 
party  to  attempt  to  hold  him  up.  I  see  no  danger  in  delay,  but 
fear  much  in  too  great  haste.  Perhaps  there  is  no  occasion  at 


96  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

present  to  determine  how  long  the  Trustees  should  delay  adopt- 
ing their  final  course.  Circumstances  may  render  that  ex- 
pedient at  a  future  time  which  is  not  now.  I  feel  much 
confidence  that  a  very  decisive  course  against  the  president 
by  the  Trustees  at  the  present  time  would  create  an  unpleasant 
sensation  in  the  public  mind,  and  would,  I  fear,  be  attended 
with  unpleasant  consequences. 

"  I  am  sensible  I  have  expressed  my  opinion  very  strongly  on 
a  subject  in  which  I  have  only  a  common  interest.  I  frankly 
confess  I  have  been  somewhat  influenced  by  fears  that  some 
of  the  Trustees  will  find  it  difficult  to  free  themselves  entirely 
from  the  effects  of  the  severe  irritation  they  must  have  lately 
experienced. 

"  I  am,  dear  sir,  with  esteem, 

"  Sincerely  yours. 

"  JEREMIAH  MASON." 

"  C.  MARSH,  ESQ." 

President  Wheelock  was  removed  from  office  on  the  26th  of 
August,  1815,  by  the  vote  of  a  decided  majority  of  the  Board, 
upon  grounds  of  which  the  following  is  the  substance  : 

"  1st.  He  has  had  an  agency  in  publishing  and  circulating  a 
certain  anonymous  pamphlet,  entitled  '  Sketches  of  the  His- 
tory of  Dartmouth  College  and  Moor's  Charity  School,'  and 
espoused  the  charges  therein  contained  before  a  committee  of 
the  Legislature.  The  Trustees  consider  this  publication  a  libel 
on  the  institution. 

"  2d.  He  claims  a  right  to  exercise  the  whole  executive  au- 
thority of  the  college,  which  the  Charter  has  expressly  com- 
mitted to  the  Trustees,  with  the  president,  professors,  and  tu- 
tors by  them  appointed.  He  also  claims  a  right  to  control 
the  Corporation  in  the  appointment  of  executive  officers. 

"  3d.  He  has  caused  an  impression  to  be  made  on  the  minds 
of  students  under  censure  for  transgression  of  the  laws  of  the 
institution,  that  if  he  could  have  had  his  will  they  would  not 
have  suffered  disgrace  or  punishment. 

"  4th.  He  has  taken  a  youth  who  was  not  an  Indian,  but 
adopted  by  an  Indian  tribe,  and  supported  him  in  Moor's 
School,  on  the  Scotch  fund,  which  is  granted  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  instructing  and  civilizing  Indians. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  97 

"  5th.  He  has,  without  sufficient  ground  for  such  a  course, 
reported  that  the  real  cause  of  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  Trus- 
tees with  him  was  a  diversity  of  religious  opinions  between 
him  and  them." 

In  taking  leave  of  the  second  president,  we  have  only  to 
remark,  as  we  introduce  his  eulogist,  Mr.  Samuel  Clesson 
Allen,  that  both  parties  to  the  contest  apparently  overrated 
their  grievances. 

"  President  Wheelock  was  distinguished  for  the  extent  and 
variety  of  his  learning.  With  a  lively  curiosity  he  pushed 
his  inquiries  into  every  department  of  knowledge,  and  made 
himself  conversant  with  the  various  branches  of  science.  But 
of  all  the  subjects  which  presented  themselves  to  his  inquisi- 
tive mind  those  which  relate  to  man  in  his  intellectual  con- 
stitution and  social  relations  engaged  and  fixed  his  attention. 
His  favorite  branches  were  Intellectual  Philosophy,  Ethics, 
and  Politics.  Possessing  in  an  eminent  degree  the  spirit  of 
his  station,  he  fulfilled  with  singular  felicity  the  offices  of  in- 
structor and  governor  in  the  college.  Animated  and  ardent 
himself,  he  could  transfuse  the  same  holy  ardor  into  the  minds 
of  his  pupils.  What  youth  ever  visited  him  in  his  study,  but 
returned  to  his  pursuits  with  a  renovated  spirit,  and  a  loftier 
sentiment  of  glory  ? 

"  He  had  formed  the  noblest  conceptions  of  the  powers  of 
the  human  mind,  and  of  its  ultimate  progress  in  knowledge 
and  refinement.  This  sentiment  called  forth  the  energies  of 
his  mind,  and  gave  direction  and  character  to  his  inquiries. 
It  pervaded  all  his  instructions,  and  imparted  to  science  and 
to  letters  their  just  preeminence  among  the  objects  of  human 
pursuit. 

"  He  never  sought  to  preoccupy  the  minds  of  his  pupils  with 
his  own  peculiar  notions,  or  to  impose  upon  them  any  favorite 
system  of  opinions.  He  endeavored  to  make  them  proficients 
in  science,  and  not  the  proselytes  of  a  sect. 

"  In  government  he  commanded  more  by  example  than  by 
authority,  and  the  admiration  of  his  talents  ensured  a  better 
obedience  than  the  force  of  laws.  His  elevation  of  mind 
placed  him  above  personal  prejudices  and  resentments,  and 
jealousies  of  wounded  dignity.  He  practiced  no  espionage 

7 


98  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

upon  his  pupils,  but  reposed  for  the  maintenance  of  order  on 
their  sense  of  propriety,  and  his  own  powers  of  command. 
He  conciliated  their  attachment  while  he  inspired  their  rever- 
ence ;  and  he  secured  their  attention  to  the  stated  exercises 
and  reconciled  them  to  the  severest  studies  by  the  example  he 
exhibited,  and  the  enthusiasm  he  inspired.  He  knew  how  to 
adapt  his  discipline  to  the  various  dispositions  and  characters, 
and  could  discriminate  between  the  accidental  impulse '  of  a 
youthful  emotion  and  deliberate  acts  of  intentional  vice. 

"  He  was  an  interesting  and  powerful  speaker.  His  erect 
attitude  and  dignified  action  inspired  reverence,  and  com- 
manded attention.  But  the  wonderful  force  of  his  eloquence 
arose  from  the  strength  and  sublimity  of  his  conceptions. 
Such  were  his  originality  of  thought,  and  rich  variety  of  ex- 
pression, that  he  could  present  the  most  common  subjects  in 
new  and  interesting  lights.  His  public  discourses  evinced  the 
strength  of  the  reasoning  faculty,  the  powers  of  the  imagina- 
tion, and  the  resources  of  genius. 

"  He  would  sometimes  conduct  the  mind  with  painful  sub- 
tility  through  the  multiplied  steps  of  a  long  demonstration. 
At  other  times  he  would  glance  upon  the  main  topics  of  his 
argument,  and  seize  on  his  conclusion  by  a  sort  of  intuitive 
penetration.  He  frequently  embellished  his  subject  with  the 
higher  ornaments  of  style,  and  diffused  around  the  severer 
sciences  the  graces  and  elegancies  of  taste.  For  force  of  ex- 
pression he  might  be  compared  to  Chatham,  and  in  splendid 
imagery  he  sometimes  rivaled  Burke.  He  would,  at  pleasure, 
spread  a  sudden  blaze  around  his  subject  or  diffuse  about  it  a 
milder  radiance. 

"  To  the  interpretation  of  the  Scriptures  he  carried  all  the 
lights  which  geography,  history,  and  criticism  could  supply, 
and  poured  their  full  effulgence  upon  the  sacred  page.  His 
daily  prayers  always  presenting  new  views  of  the  works  and 
perfections  of  the  Deity,  exhibited  whatever  was  vast  in  con- 
ception, glowing  in  expression  and  devout  in  feeling. 

"  He  was  probably  formed  not  less  for  the  higher  offices  of 
active  life  than  for  the  speculations  of  science.  Distinguished 
for  the  boldness  of  his  enterprise  and  the  decisive  energy  of 
his  character,  he  set  no  limits  to  what  individual  exertion 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  99 

and  effort  could  accomplish.  He  attempted  great  things  with 
means  which  other  men  would  have  esteemed  wholly  inade- 
quate, and  the  vigor  of  his  mind  increased  in  proportion  to 
the  difficulties  he  met  in  the  execution  of  his  enterprises.  He 
was  disheartened  by  no  difficulties,  he  was  intimidated  by  no 
dangers,  he  was  shaken  by  no  sufferings.  The  glory  which 
he  sought  was  not  the  temporary  applause  of  this  party  or 
that  sect,  but  it  was  the  glory  which  results  from  unwearied 
efforts  for  the  improvement  and  happiness  of  man.  He  was 
not  less  distinguished  by  the  object  and  character  of  his  enter- 
prises than  by  the  great  qualities  he  exhibited  in  their  accom- 
plishment. His  was  a  high  and  holy  ambition,  which,  while 
it  preserved  its  vigor,  identified  its  objects  with  those  of  the 
purest  charity."  • 

Dartmouth  conferred  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  upon  President 
Wheelock  in  1789.  He  died  at  Hanover,  April  4,  1817,  his 
wife,  Mrs.  Maria  (Suhm)  Wheelock,  daughter  of  Governor 
Christian  Suhm,  of  St.  Thomas,  W.  L,  surviving  him. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  PRESIDENT  BROWN.  —  CONTEST  BE- 
TWEEN THE  COLLEGE  AND  THE  STATE.  -  TRIUMPH  OF  THE 
COLLEGE. 

REV.  FRANCIS  BROWN  of   North   Yarmouth,  Maine,  was 
elected  the  successor  of  President  Wheelock.     His  character 
will  be  the  subject  of  a  later  chapter.*    He  was  inaugurated  in 
September,  1815,  and  entered  at  once  with  vigor  and  earnest 
ness  upon  the  performance  of  his  official  duties. 

The  Committee  of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  of  1815, 
Rev.  Ephraim  P.  Bradford,  Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  and  Daniel 
A.  White,  appointed  to  investigate  the  affairs  of  the  college, 
reported  in  substance,  that  there  was  no  ground  for  interfer- 
ence by  the  State. 

The  deep  interest  in  the  college  question  produced  a  polit- 
ical revolution  in  the  State.  In  his  message  to  the  Legisla- 
ture at  the  opening  of  the  session  in  June,  1816,  Governor 
Plumer  says  : 

"  Permit  me  to  invite  your  consideration  to  the  state  and 
condition  of  Dartmouth  College,  the  head  of  our  learned  insti- 
tutions. As  the  State  has  contributed  liberally  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  its  funds,  and  as  our  constituents  have  a  deep  in- 
terest in  its  prosperity,  it  has  a  strong  claim  to  our  attention. 
The  charter  of  that  college  was  granted  December  13th,  1769, 
by  John  Wentworth,  who  was  then  Governor  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, under  the  authority  of  the  British  king.  As  it  ema- 
nated from  royalty,  it  contained,  as  was  natural  it  should, 
principles  congenial  to  monarchy  ;  among  others,  it  established 
Trustees,  made  seven  a  quorum,  and  authorized  a  majority  of 
those  present  to  remove  any  of  its  members  which  they  might 
consider  unfit  or  incapable,  and  the  survivors  to  perpetuate 
the  Board  by  themselves,  electing  others  to  supply  vacancies. 


REV.  FRANCIS   BROWN,  D.  D. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  101 

This  last  principle  is  hostile  to  the  spirit  and  genius  of  a  free 
government.  Sound  policy  therefore  requires  that  the  mode 
of  election  should  be  changed,  and  that  Trustees,  in  future, 
should  be  elected  by  some  other  body  of  men. 

"  The  college  was  founded  for  the  public  good,  not  for  the 
benefit  or  emolument  of  its  Trustees  ;  and  the  right  to  amend 
and  improve  acts  of  incorporation  of  this  nature  has  been. 
exercised  by  all  governments,  both  monarchical  and  repub- 
lican. In  the  Charter  of  Dartmouth  College  it  is  expressly 
provided  that  the  president,  trustees,  professors,  tutors  and 
other  officers,  shall  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  British 
king  ;  but  if  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  those 
of  New  Hampshire,  abolished  by  implication  that  part  of  the 
Charter,  much  more  might  they  have  done  it  directly  and  by 
express  words.  These  facts  show  the  authority  of  the  Legis- 
lature to  interfere  upon  this  subject." 

Governor  Plumer  communicated  this  message  to  Jefferson, 
who  replied  in  his  letter  of  July  21, 1816  :  "  It  is  replete  with 
sound  principles,  and  truly  republican.  Some  articles,  too,  are 
worthy  of  notice.  The  idea  that  institutions  established  for 
the  use  of  the  nation  cannot  be  touched  nor  modified,  even  to 
make  them  answer  their  end,  because  of  rights  gratuitously 
supposed  in  those  employed  to  manage  them  in  trust  for  the 
public,  may,  perhaps,  be  a  salutary  provision  against  the 
abuses  of  a  monarch,  but  it  is  most  absurd  against  the  na- 
tion itself.  'Yet  our  lawyers  and  priests  generally  inculcate 
this  doctrine,  and  suppose  that  preceding  generations  held  the 
earth  more  freely  than  we  do  ;  had  a  right  to  impose  laws  on 
us,  unalterable  by  ourselves ;  and  that  we,  in  like  manner, 
can  make  laws  and  impose  burdens  on  future  generations, 
which  they  will  have  no  right  to  alter ;  in  fine,  that  the  earth 
belongs  to  the  dead,  and  not  to  the  living." 

The  following  action  shows  the  result : 

"  The  undersigned,  three  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  having  this  morning  seen 
a  printed  copy  of  a  bill  before  the  Honorable  House  [of 
the  New  Hampshire  Legislature],  the  provisions  of  which, 
should  they  go  into  effect  would  set  aside  the  Charter  of  the 
college,  and  wholly  change  the  administration  of  its  concerns? 


102  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

beg  leave  respectfully  to  remonstrate  against  its  passage. 
The  provisions  of  the  bill  referred  to  change  the  name  of 
the  corporation  ;  enlarge  the  number  of  Trustees  ;  alter  the 
number  to  constitute  a  quorum  ;  render  persons  living  out 
of  the  State,  who  are  now  eligible,  hereafter  ineligible  ; 
vacate  the  seats  of  those  members  who  are  not  inhabitants  of 
the  State ;  deprive  the  Trustees  of  the  right  of  electing  mem- 
bers to  supply  vacancies ;  and  give  to  the  new  Board  of  Trus- 
tees an  arbitrary  power  of  annulling  everything  heretofore 
transacted  by  the  Trustees  ;  and  this  last  without  the  concur- 
rence of  the  proposed  Board  of  Overseers.  The  consent  of 
the  present  Board  of  Trustees  is  in  no  instance  contemplated 
as  necessary  to  give  validity  to  the  new  act  of  incorporation. 

"  In  the  opinion  of  the  undersigned,  these  changes,  modifi- 
cations, and  alterations  effectually  destroy  the  present  Charter 
of  the  college  and  constitute  a  new  one. 

u  Should  the  bill  become  a  law,  it  will  be  obvious  to  our  fel- 
low citizens  that  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  will  have 
been  deprived  of  their  Charter  rights  without  having  been  sum- 
moned or  notified  of  any  such  proceeding  against  them.  It 
will  be  equally  obvious  to  our  fellow  citizens  that  the  facts 
reported  by  the  committee  of  investigation  [of  the  last  Legis- 
lature] did  not  form  the  ground  and  basis  of  the  new  act  of 
incorporation ;  and  that  no  evidence  of  facts  of  any  sort,  re- 
lating to  the  official  conduct  of  the  Trustees,  other  than  the 
report  of  the  committee  of  investigation,  was  submitted  to 
your  Honorable  Bodies. 

44  To  deprive  a  Board  of  Trustees  of  their  Charter  rights, 
after  they  have  been  accused  of  gross  misconduct  in  office, 
without  requiring  any  proof  whatever  of  such  misconduct,  ap- 
pears to  your  remonstrants  unjust,  and  not  conformable  to  the 
spirit  of  the  free  and  happy  government  under  which  we  live. 
If  the  property  has  been  misapplied,  if  there  has  been  any 
abuse  of  power  upon  the  part  of  the  Trustees,  they  are  fully 
sensible  of  their  high  responsibility ;  but  they  have  always 
believed,  and  still  believe,  that  a  sound  construction  of  the 
powers  granted  to  the  Legislature,  gives  them,  in  this  case, 
only  the  right  to  order,  for  good  cause,  a  prosecution  in  the 
judicial  courts. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  103 

"  A  different  course  effectually  blends  judicial  and  legis- 
lative powers,  and  constitutes  the  Legislature  a  judicial  tri- 
bunal. 

"  The  undersigned  also  beg  leave  to  remonstrate  against  the 
passage  of  the  bill,  on  the  ground  of  inexpediency.  A  cor- 
poration is  a  creature  of  the  law,  to  which  certain  powers, 
rights,  and  privileges  are  granted  ;  and  amongst  others  that  of 
holding  property.  Destroy  this  creature,  this  body  politic, 
and  all  its  property  immediately  reverts  to  its  former  owners. 
This  doctrine  has  long  been  recognized  and  established  in  all 
governments  of  law.  Any  material  alteration  of  the  corpora- 
tion, without  its  consent,  and  certainly  such  essential  altera- 
tions as  the  bill  under  consideration  is  intended  to  make,  will 
be  followed  with  the  same  effect.  The  funds  belonging  to  the 
college,  although  not  great,  are  highly  important  to  the 
institution  ;  and  a  considerable  proportion  of  them  were 
granted  by,  and  lie  in,  the  State  of  Vermont.  The  under- 
signed most  earnestly  entreat  the  Honorable  Legislature  not 
to  put  the  funds  of  the  college  in  jeopardy ;  not  to  put  at 
hazard  substantial  income,  under  expectations  which  may  or 
may  not  be  realized." 

After  alluding  to  lack  of  precedent  for  the  proposed  action, 
and  the  necessary  increase  of  expenditures  which  would  result 
from  its  consummation,  they  proceed  to  say :  "If  the  provis- 
ions of  this  bill  should  take  effect,  we  greatly  fear  that  the 
concerns  of  the  college  will  be  drawn  into  the  vortex  of  polit- 
ical controversy.  We  refer  particularly  to  that  section  of  the 
bill  which  gives  the  appointment  of  Trustees  and  Overseers  to 
the  Governor  and  Council.  The  whole  history  of  the  United 
States  for  the  last  twenty  years  teaches  us  a  lesson  which  ought 
not  to  be  kept  out  of  view.  Our  literary  institutions  hitherto 
have  been  preserved  from  the  influence  of  party.  The  ten- 
dency of  this  bill,  unless  we  greatly  mistake,  is  to  convert  the 
peaceful  retreat  of  our  college  into  a  field  for  party  warfare. 

"  Whilst  the  undersigned  deem  it  their  indispensable  duty  to 
remonstrate  in  the  most  respectful  terms  against  the  passage 
of  the  bill  referred  to,  they  have  no  objection,  and  they  have 
no  reason  to  believe  their  fellow  Trustees  have  any  objection, 
to  the  passage  of  a  law  connecting  the  government  of  the 


104  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

State  with  that  of  the  college,  and  creating  every  salutary 
check  and  restraint  upon  the  official  conduct  of  the  Trustees 
and  their  successors  that  can  be  reasonably  required,  and 
with  respectful  deference  they  would  propose  the  following 
outlines  of  a  plan  for  that  purpose. 

"  The  Councillors  and  Senators  of  New  Hampshire  together 
with  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  for  the  time 
being,  shall  constitute  a  Board  of  Overseers  of  Dartmouth 
College,  any  ten  of  whom  shall  be  a  quorum  for  transacting 
business.  The  Overseers  shall  meet  annually  at  the  college, 
on  the  day  preceding  Commencement.  They  shall  have  an 
independent  right  to  organize  their  own  body,  and  to  form 
their  own  rules ;  but  as  soon  as  they  shall  have  organized 
themselves  they  shall  give  information  thereof  to  the  Trus- 
tees. Whenever  any  vote  shall  have  been  passed  by  the  Trus- 
tees it  shall  be  communicated  to  the  Overseers,  and  shall  not 
have  effect  until  it  shall  have  the  concurrence  of  the  Over- 
seers. Provided,  nevertheless,  that  if  at  any  meeting  a  quo- 
rum of  the  Overseers  shall  not  be  formed,  the  Trustees  shall 
have  full  power  to  confer  degrees,  in  the  same  manner  as 
though  there  were  no  Overseers ;  and  also  to  appoint  Trustees 
or  other  officers  (not  a  president  or  professor),  and  to  enact 
such  laws  as  the  interests  of  the  institution  shall  indispen- 
sably require  ;  but  no  law  passed  by  the  Trustees  shall  in  such 
case  have  force  longer  than  until  the  next  annual  meeting  of 
the  Boards,  unless  it  shall  then  be  approved  by  the  Overseers. 
Neither  of  the  Boards  shall  adjourn,  except  from  day  to  day, 
without  the  consent  of  the  other.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
president  of  the  college,  whenever  in  his  opinion  the  interests 
of  the  institution  shall  require  it,  or  whenever  requested 
thereto  by  three  Trustees,  or  three  Overseers,  to  call  special 
meetings  of  both  Boards,  causing  notice  to  be  given  in  writ- 
ing to  each  Trustee  and  Overseer,  of  the  time  and  place ;  but 
no  meeting  of  one  Board  shall  ever  be  called  except  at  the 
same  time  and  place  with  the  other.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  president  of  the  college  annually,  in  the  month  of  May,  to 
transmit  to  his  Excellency,  the  Governor,  a  full  and  particular 
account  of  the  state  of  the  funds,  the  number  of  students  and 
their  progress,  and  generally  the  state  and  condition  of  the 
college. 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE.  105 

"  If  the  plan  above  suggested  should  meet  the  approbation 
of  the  Honorable  Legislature,  and  good  men  of  all  parties  give 
it  their  sanction,  we  may  all  anticipate,  with  high  satisfac- 
tion, the  future  prosperity  of  the  college,  and  its  incalculable 
usefulness  to  the  State  ;  but  if  a  union  of  the  friends  of  litera- 
ture and  science,  of  all  parties  and  sects,  cannot  be  attained  ; 
if  the  triumph  of  one  party  over  the  other  be  absolutely  in- 
dispensable ;  fearful  apprehensions  must  fill  the  mind  of  every 
considerate  man,  every  dispassionate  friend  of  Dartmouth 
College.  THOS.  W.  THOMPSON, 

ELIJAH  PAINE, 
ASA  M'FAELAND. 

"June  19,  1816." 

The  effect  of  this  proposed  compromise  was  a  modifica- 
tion of  the  bill  in  some  of  its  important  features.  Against 
the  amended  bill,  which  was  passed  a  few  days  afterward, 
there  was  a  farther  protest,  from  which  we  make  brief  extracts. 

"  The  undersigned  would  not  trouble  the  Honorable  Legis- 
lature with  any  remarks  in  addition  to  those  contained  in 
their  remonstrance  of  the  19th  inst.  did  they  not  believe  it 
was  a  duty  not  to  be  omitted." 

Referring  to  the  amended  bill,  they  continue  : 

"  They  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  a  sight  of  it,  but  have 
heard  it  contains  provisions  for  an  increase  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  to  the  number  of  twenty-one,  a  majority  of  whom  to 
constitute  a  quorum,  and  that  the  additional  number  are  to  be 
appointed  by  His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  the  Honorable 
the  Council.  To  many  of  the  topics  of  argument,  suggested 
in  their  former  remonstrance  (which  are  equally  applicable 
against  the  passage  of  the  bill  in  its  present  shape)  they  re- 
spectfully ask  leave  to  add,  that  the  bill  in  its  present  shape 
destroys  the  identity  of  the  corporation,  known  in  the  law  by 
the  name  of  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  without  the 
consent  of  the  corporation,  and  consequently  the  corporation 
to  be  created  by  the  present  bill  must  and  will  be  deemed  by 
courts  of  law  altogether  diverse  and  distinct  from  the  corpora- 
tion to  which  all  the  grants  of  property  have  hitherto  been 
made ;  and  therefore  the  new  corporation  cannot  hold  the  prop- 
erty granted  to  the  corporation  created  by  the  charter  of  1769. 


106  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  By  the  Charter  of  Dartmouth  College  a  contract  was  made 
by  the  then  supreme  power  of  the  State  with  the  twelve  per- 
sons therein  named,  by  which,  when  accepted  by  the  persons 
therein  named,  certain  rights  and  privileges  were  vested  in 
them  and  their  successors,  for  the  guarantee  of  which  the 
faith  of  government  was  pledged  by  necessary  implication. 
In  the  same  instrument  the  faith  of  government  was  pledged 
that  the  corporation  should  consist  of  twelve  persons  and  no 
more.  The  change  in  the  government  of  the  State,  since 
taken  place,  does  not  in  the  least  possible  degree  impair  the 
validity  of  this  contract,  —  otherwise  nearly  all  the  titles  to 
real  estate,  held  by  our  fellow  citizens,  must  be  deemed  in- 
valid. 

"  The  passage  ofthe  bill  now  before  the  Honorable  House 
will,  in  the  deliberate  opinion  of  the  undersigned,  violate  the 
plighted  faith  of  the  government.  If  the  undersigned  are 
correct  in  considering  the  Charter  of  1769  in  the  nature  of  a 
contract,  and  if  the  bill,  in  its  present  shape,  becomes  a  law, 
we  think  it  necessarily  follows  that  it  will  also  violate  an  im- 
portant clause  in  the  10th  section  of  the  1st  article  in  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  which  provides,  that  no 
State  shall  pass  any  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  con- 
tracts. 

"  The  Honorable  Legislature  will  permit  us  to  add,  that  as 
it  is  well  known  that  the  Trustees  have,  as  a  Board,  been  di- 
vided on  certain  important  subjects,  although  the  minority  has 
been  very  small,  should  the  Legislature  now  provide  for  nine 
new  Trustees,  to  be  appointed  by  His  Excellency  the  Governor 
and  the  Honorable  the  Council,  and  that  without  any  facts  be- 
ing proved  to  the  Legislature,  or  any  Legislative  report  having 
been  made,  showing  that  the  state  of  things  at  the  college  ren- 
dered the  measure  necessary,  it  must  be  seen  by  our  fellow 
citizens'  that  the  majority  of  the  Trustees  have  been  by  the 
Legislature,  for  some  unacknowledged  cause,  condemned  un- 
heard. THOMAS  W.  THOMPSON, 

ASA   M'FARLAND. 
"June  24,  1816." 

The  recommendations  of  the  Governor  in  substance,  be- 
came a  law  ;  the  name  of  the  college  was  changed  to  "  Univer- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  107 

sity ; "  the  number  of  the  Trustees  was  increased  to  twenty- 
one  ;  a  Board  of  Overseers  was  created,  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor  and  Council ;  the  president  and  professors  of  the 
university  were  required  to  take  an  oath  to  support  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire ;  and  the  act  provided  that  "  perfect  freedom  of 
religious  opinion  should  be  enjoyed  by  all  the  students  and 
officers  of  the  university."  The  committee  to  whom  the  mes- 
sage, etc.,  relating  to  this  subject,  were  referred,  it  should  be 
remarked,  did  not  undertake  to  decide  in  favor  of  either  party 
to  the  controversy,  but  alleged  that  the  troubles  arose  from 
certain  defects  in  the  Charter,  and  that  they  would  recur  again 
in  some  form,  unless  those  defects  were  remedied. 

The  debates  upon  the  historical  and  constitutional  questions 
involved  were  able.  The  minority  were  ably  led,  both  inside 
and  outside  the  Legislature,  but  parliamentary  tactics  availed 
them  nothing.  Many  of  them  joined  in  a  written  protest 
against  the  passage  of  the  bill,  the  substance  of  which  has  al- 
ready appeared  in  the  action  of  the  Trustees. 

Directly  after  the  passage  of  this  bill  Mr.  Marsh  prepared 
an  elaborate  argument,  never  published,  setting  forth  the 
essence  of  the  leading  points  of  the  case,  as  viewed  by  the 
majority  of  the  old  Trustees. 

The  following  letter,  addressed  to  Mr.  Timothy  Bigelow, 
Boston,  is  worthy  of  notice  in  this  connection  : 

"  CONCORD,  July  27,  1816. 

4t  DEAR  SIB  :  Dr.  McFarland  will  do  himself  the  pleasure  to 
hand  you  this.  In  him  you  will  recognize  an  old  acquaint- 
ance. We  wish  to  get  the  opinions  of  as  many  legal  friends 
as  we  can  upon  the  question  of  legitimate  power  in  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature,  to  pass  the  act  relating  to  Dartmouth 
College,  and  with  regard  to  the  course  the  old  Trustees  ought 
to  pursue.  It  is  an  interest,  we  think,  common  to  all  well 
wishers  to  New  England. 

"  The  old  Trustees,  I  am  confident,  are  willing  to  take  just 
that  course  that  their  wisest  and  best  friends  recommend. 

"  Very  cordially  yours,  THOMAS  W.  THOMPSON." 


108  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

August  28,  1816,  a  majority  of  the  old  Trustees  formally 
refused  to  accept  the  provisions  of  the  act. 

A  meeting  of  the  Trustees  of  the  university,  under  the  act 
of  June  27,  1816,  was  called,  but  through  the  illness  of  a  sin- 
gle member,  failed  for  want  of  a  quorum.  The  judges  of  the 
Superior  Court,  on  December  5,  1816,  in  answer  to  the  Gov- 
ernor and  Council,  gave  their  opinion  that  the  executive  de- 
partment had  no  authority  to  fill  the  vacancies  which  had 
occurred.  To  remedy  this,  the  Legislature,  on  December  18, 
1816,  passed  an  additional  act  providing  for  filling  the  va- 
cancies, the  calling  of  meetings  and  fixing  a  quorum  ;  and  on 
December  26,  1816,  passed  another  act  imposing  the  penalty 
of  five  hundred  dollars  upon  any  person  who  should  assume 
any  office  in  the  university  except  by  virtue  of  the  preceding 
acts. 

In  view  of  this  action  President  Brown  writes  to  Mr.  Tim- 
othy Farrar,  of  Portsmouth,  January  3,  1817  : 

"  Now,  what  shall  we  do  ?  One  of  these  four  courses  must 
be  taken.  We  must  either  keep  possession  and  go  on  to  teach 
as  usual,  without  any  regard  to  the  law,  or,  withdrawing  from 
the  college  edifice  and  all  the  college  property,  continue  to 
instruct  as  the  officers  of  Dartmouth  College  ;  or,  relinquish- 
ing this  name  for  the  present,  collect  as  many  students  as  will 
join  us,  and  instruct  them  as  private  but  associated  individu- 
als ;  or  else  we  must  give  all  up  and  disperse.  Will  you  give 
us  your  opinion,  what  may  be  duty  or  what  expedient,  as 
soon  as  convenient  ?  Particularly,  will  you  give  us  your 
opinion  whether,  supposing  this  oppressive  act  to  be  judged 
constitutional,  we  should  be  liable  to  the  fine,  if  we  instruct 
as  the  officers  of  Dartmouth  College,  relinquishing,  however, 
the  college  buildings,  the  library,  apparatus,  etc." 

The  Faculty  of  the  college  issued  the  following : 

"ADDRESS  OF   THE    EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS  OF    DARTMOUTH 
COLLEGE  TO  THE  PUBLIC. 

"  As  the  undersigned,  after  the  most  serious  and  mature 
consideration,  have  determined  to  retain  the  offices  which 
they  received  by  the  appointment  of  the  Trustees  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  not  voluntarily  to  surrender,  at  present, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  109 

any  property  committed  to  them,  nor  to  relinquish  any  privi- 
leges pertaining  to  their  offices,  they  believe  it  to  be  a  duty, 
which  they  owe  to  the  public  no  less  than  to  themselves,  to 
make  an  explicit  declaration  of  the  principles  by  which  they 
are  governed. 

"  They  begin  by  stating  the  two  following  positions,  as 
maxims  of  political  morality,  which  they  deem  incontroverti- 
ble: 

"  1.  It  is  wrong,  under  any  form  of  government,  for  a  citi- 
zen or  subject  to  refuse  compliance  with  the  will  of  the  sover- 
eign power,  when  that  will  is  fully  expressed,  except  in  cases 
where  the  rights  of  conscience  are  invaded,  or  where  oppres- 
sion is  practiced  to  such  an  extreme  degree  that  the  great 
ends  of  civil  government  are  defeated  or  highly  endangered. 

"  2.  Under  a  free  government,  where  the  sovereignty  is  ex- 
ercised by  several  distinct  branches,  whose  respective  powers 
are  created  and  defined  by  written  constitutions,  cases  may 
arise  in  which  it  will  be  the  duty  of  the  citizen  to  delay  con- 
forming to  the  ordinances  of  one  branch  until  the  other 
branches  shall  have  had  opportunity  to  act.  If,  for  example, 
the  legislative  branch  should  transcend  its  legitimate  power, 
and  assume  to  perform  certain  acts  which  the  Constitution  had 
assigned  to  the  province  of  the  judicial  branch,  a  citizen,  in- 
juriously affected  by  those  acts,  might  be  bound,  not  indeed 
forcibly  to  resist  them,  but,  in  the  manner  pointed  out  by 
law,  to  make  an  appeal  to  the  judiciary  and  to  await  its  de- 
cision. 

"  The  undersigned  deem  it  unnecessary,  in  this  place,  to 
detail  the  provisions  of  the  acts  of  the  Honorable  Legislature, 
passed  in  June  and  December,  A.  D.  1816,  relating  to  this 
institution.  Those  acts  are  before  the  public  and  are  gener- 
ally understood. 

"  The  Board  of  Trustees,  as  constituted  by  the  Charter  of 
1769,  at  their  annual  meeting  in  August  last,  took  into  con- 
sideration the  act  of  June,  and  adopted  a  resolution,  '  not  to 
accept  its  provisions.'  In  the  preamble  to  this  resolution,  we 
find  a  paragraph  in  the  words  following :  '  They  (the  Trus- 
tees) find  the  law  fully  settled  and  recognized  in  almost  every 
case  which  has  arisen,  wherein  a  corporation  or  any  member 


110  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

or  officer  is  a  party,  that  no  man  or  body  of  men  is  bound  to 
accept,  or  act  under,  any  grant  or  gift  of  corporate  powers 
and  privileges ;  and  that  no  existing  corporation  is  bound  to 
accept,  but  may  decline  or  refuse  to  accept  any  act  or  grant 
conferring  additional  powers  or  privileges,  or  making  any  re- 
striction or  limitation  of  those  they  already  possess ;  and  in 
case  a  grant  is  made  to  individuals  or  to  a  corporation  with- 
out application,  it  is  to  be  regarded  not  as  an  act  obligatory 
or  binding  upon  them,  but  as  an  offer  or  proposition  to  confer 
such  powers  and  privileges,  or  the  expression  of  a  desire  to 
have  them  accept  such  restrictions,  which  they  are  at  liberty 
to  accept  or  reject.' 

u  If  the  doctrine  contained  in  this  paragraph  be  correct,  and 
of  its  correctness  the  undersigned,  after  ascertaining  the  opin- 
ion of  eminent  jurists  in  most  of  the  New  England  States, 
entertain  no  doubt,  the  act  of  June,  and  of  course  the  acts  of 
December,  have  become  inoperative,  in  consequence  of  the 
nonacceptance  of  them  by  the  Charter  Trustees,  and  the  pro- 
visions of  these  acts  are  not  binding  upon  the  corporation  or 
its  officers.  We  take  the  liberty  to  add,  that,  in  our  opinion, 
the  reasons  assigned  by  the  Trustees  in  the  preamble  before 
mentioned  for  not  accepting  the  act  of  June,  are  very  impor- 
tant and  amply  sufficient.  Indeed,  it  has  ever  appeared  to 
us,  that  the  changes  proposed  to  be  introduced  into  the  char- 
ter by  the  acts  in  question,  would  have  proved  highly  inauspi- 
cious to  the  welfare  of  this  institution,  and  ultimately  injuri- 
ous to  the  interests  of  literature  throughout  our  country. 

"  The  Trustees  appointed  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the 
act  of  June  have,  however,  thought  proper  to  organize,  with- 
out the  concurrence  of  the  Charter  Trustees,  and  to  perform 
numerous  decisive  acts. 

44  At  a  meeting  in  Concord  on  the  fourth  instant,  they 
brought  several  specifications  of  charges  against  the  under- 
signed ;  and  at  an  adjourned  meeting,  holden  on  the  twenty- 
second  instant,  they  proceeded  to  displace,  discharge,  and 
remove  them  from  their  respective  offices  in  Dartmouth 
University.  A  similar  procedure  was  adopted  against  four 
of  the  Trustees  acting  under  the  Charter. 

"  Unless  we  greatly  mistake,  in  the  view  already  expressed 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  Ill 

of  the  act  of  June,  the  votes  of  the  university  Trustees,  remov- 
ing us  from  office,  are  wholly  unauthorized  and  destitute  of 
any  legal  effect ;  and  we  are  still,  as  we  have  uniformly 
claimed  to  be,  officers  of  Dartmouth  College  under  the  charter 
of  1769. 

"  The  Charter  Trustees  having  resolved  to  assert  their  cor- 
porate rights,  and  having,  for  this  purpose,  recently  commenced 
a  suit  against  their  late  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  in  the  issue 
of  which  it  is  expected  the  question  between  them  and  their 
competitors  will  be  finally  settled,  the  undersigned,  being 
united  with  them  in  opinion,  in  principle,  and  in  feeling,  can- 
not consent  to  abandon  them,  or  to  perform  any  act  which 
may  prejudice  their  claims,  while  this  suit  is  pending.  They 
must  therefore  proceed,  as  officers  of  Dartmouth  College,  to 
discharge  their  prescribed  duties.  They  are  sensible  of  their 
obligation  to  render  submission  to  the  laws,  and  their  first  in- 
quiry, in  the  case  before  them,  has  been,  What  is  law  ?  The 
result  is  a  full  conviction  in  their  own  minds,  that  the  course 
they  have  concluded  to  adopt  is  strictly  legal,  and  that  no 
other  course  would  be  consistent  with  their  duty.  If  they  err, 
their  error  will  shortly  be  corrected  by  the  decision  of  our 
highest  judicial  tribunals  ;  and  with  this  decision  they  will 
readily  comply.  In  the  meantime,  while  the  appeal  is  made 
to  the  laws  of  their  country,  and  to  the  constitutions  of  this 
State  and  of  the  United  States,  which  are  the  supreme  law, 
they  trust  that  none  of  their  fellow-citizens  will  have  the  un- 
kindness  to  charge  them  with  a  want  of  respect  to  the  gov- 
ernment under  which  they  live.  As  soon  as  the  will  of  the 
government  shall  be  fairly  expressed,  they  will  render  to  it  a 
prompt  obedience. 

"  The  undersigned  are  placed  in  a  situation  singularly  diffi- 
cult and  highly  responsible.  To  them  it  seems  to  be  allotted 
in  Divine  Providence,  to  perform  a  part  which,  in  its  conse- 
quences, may  deeply  affect  the  interests  not  only  of  this  insti- 
tution, but  of  all  similar  institutions  in  this  country.  And 
although  they  are  fully  conscious  of  their  own  inability  to 
perform  this  part  in  a  manner  worthy  of  its  importance,  yet 
they  are  firmly  resolved,  relying  on  divine  assistance,  not  to 
shrink  from  any  duty,  or  any  danger,  which  it  may  involve. 


112  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  The  penal  act  of  December  they  cannot  but  regard  as 
unnecessarily  severe ;  nor  do  they  see  what  purpose  it  was 
calculated  to  answer,  except  to  influence  them,  by  the  pros- 
pect of  embarrassing  suits,  to  an  abandonment  of  their  trust. 
They  are  aware  that  men  may  be  found  disposed  to  multiply 
prosecutions  against  them,  and  to  despoil  them  of  the  little 
property  they  possess ;  but  they  believe  themselves  called  in 
Providence  not  to  shun  this  hazard,  as  they  cannot  reconcile 
it  with  their  obligation  to  the  institution  under  their  care,  to 
relinquish  the  places  they  occupy,  until  it  shall  be  ascertained 
that  they  cannot  rightfully  retain  them. 

"  As  the  university  Trustees  have  expressed  a  great  regard 
for  the  laws,  the  undersigned  have  a  right  to  expect  that 
neither  they,  or  any  agents  appointed  by  them,  will  resort  to 
illegal  measures  to  seize  on  the  college  buildings  and  property. 
Should  such  measures  unhappily  be  adopted,  the  undersigned 
will  make  no  forcible  resistance,  it  not  being  a  part  of  their 
policy  to  repel  violence  by  violence.  They  will  quietly  with- 
draw where  they  cannot  peaceably  retain  possession,  and,  with 
the  best  accommodations  they  can  procure,  will  continue  to 
instruct  the  classes  committed  to  them,  until  the  prevalence 
of  other  counsels  shall  procure  a  repeal  of  the  injurious  acts, 
or  until  the  decision  of  the  law  shall  convince  them  of  their 
error,  or  restore  them  to  their  rights. 

"  FRANCIS  BROWN, 
"  EBENEZER  ADAMS, 
"  ROSWELL  SHURTLEFF. 

"February  28,  1817." 

The  above  gentlemen  constituted  the  permanent  Faculty 
at  this  period.  In  view  of  all  the  circumstances  they  deter- 
mined to  surrender  the  college  buildings  and  library  to  their 
opponents,  and  the  Trustees  determined  to  test  their  rights 
before  the  courts,  the  action  being  brought  against  the  former 
Treasurer,  who  adhered  to  the  "  University"  party. 

"  The  action :  *  The  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  v. 
William  H.  Woodward,'  was  commenced  in  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  Grafton  County,  State  of  New  Hampshire, 
February  Term,  1817.  The  declaration  was  trover  for  the 
books  of  record,  original  charter,  common  seal,  and  other  cor- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  113 

porate  property  of  the  college.  The  conversion  was  alleged 
to  have  been  made  on  the  7th  day  of  October,  1816.  The 
proper  pleas  were  filed,  and  by  consent  the  cause  was  carried 
directly  to  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  by  appeal, 
and  entered  at  the  May  Term,  1817.  The  general  issue  was 
pleaded  by  the  defendant,  and  joined  by  the  plaintiffs.  The 
facts  in  the  case  were  then  agreed  upon  by  the  parties,  and 
drawn  up  in  the  form  of  a  special  verdict,  reciting  the  Charter 
of  the  college  and  the  acts  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State, 
passed  June  and  December,  1816,  by  which  the  said  corpora- 
tion of  Dartmouth  College  was  enlarged  and  improved,  and 
the  said  Charter  amended. 

"  The  question  made  in  the  case  was,  whether  those  acts 
of  the  Legislature  were  valid  and  binding  upon  the  corpora- 
tion, without  their  acceptance  or  assent,  and  not  repugnant 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  If  so,  the  verdict 
found  for  the  defendants  ;  otherwise  it  found  for  the  plain- 
tiffs. 

"  The  cause  was  continued  to  the  September  Term  of  the 
court  in  Rockingham  County,  where  it  was  argued  ;  and  at 
the  November  term  of  the  same  year,  in  Graf  ton  County,  the 
opinion  of  the  court  was  delivered  by  Chief  Justice  Richardson, 
sustaining  the  validity  and  constitutionality  of  the  acts  of  the 
Legislature  ;  and  judgment  was  accordingly  entered  for  the 
defendant  on  the  special  verdict. 

"  Thereupon  a  writ  of  error  was  sued  out  by  the  original 
plaintiffs,  to  remove  the  cause  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  where  it  was  entered  at  the  term  of  the  court 
holden  at  Washington  on  the  first  Monday  of  February, 
1818. 

"  The  cause  came  on  for  argument  on  the  10th  day  of  March 
1818,  before  all  the  judges.  It  was  argued  by  Mr.  Webster 
and  Mr.  Hopkinson,  for  the  plaintiffs  in  error,  and  by  Mr. 
Holmes  and  the  Attorney -general  (Wirt),  for  the  defendant 
in  error. 

"  At  the  term  of  the  court  holden  in  February,  1819,  the 
opinion  of  the  judges  was  delivered  by  Chief  Justice  Marshall, 
declaring  the  acts  of  the  Legislature  unconstitutional  and  in- 
valid, and  reversing  the  judgment  of  the  State  court.  The 

8 


114  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

court,  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Justice  Duvall,  were  unani- 
mous." 

The  arguments  in  the  New  Hampshire  court  by  Messrs. 
Mason,  Smith,  and  Webster  for  the  college,  and  Messrs.  Sul- 
livan and  Bartlett  for  Mr.  Woodward  ;  the  decision  of  that 
court,  and  the  cause  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  are  an  important  part  of  our  country's  judicial  history. 
The  result  was  logically  based  upon  prior  decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  We  invite  special  attention  to  one  point  in 
Mr.  Webster's  argument.  If,  in  the  lapse  of  time,  under  the 
strong  light  of  careful  research  or  elaborate  criticism,  all  the 
other  brilliant  colors  of  this  remarkable  fabric  shall  fade  or 
vanish,  this  central  figure  will  remain  forever,  to  illustrate 
the  relations  of  the  college  to  the  State. 

"  The  State  of  Vermont  is  a  principal  donor  to  Dartmouth 
College.  The  lands  given  lie  in  that  State.  This  appears  in 
the  special  verdict.  Is  Vermont  to  be  considered  as  having 
intended  a  gift  to  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  in  this  case, 
as,  it  has  been  said,  is  to  be  the  reasonable  construction  of  all 
donations  to  the  college  ?  The  Legislature  of  New  Hampshire 
affects  to  represent  the  public,  and  therefore  claims  a  right  to 
control  all  property  destined  to  public  use.  What  hinders 
Vermont  from  considering  herself  equally  the  representative 
of  the  public,  and  from  resuming  her  grants,  at  her  own  pleas- 
ure ?  Her  right  to  do  so  is  less  doubtful  than  the  power  of 
New  Hampshire  to  pass  the  laws  in  question." 

Thus  closed  one  of  the  most  important  contests  in  the  his- 
tory of  American  jurisprudence. 

Law,  politics,  literature,  and  religion  combined  to  make  it  a 
subject  of  national  concern.  The  decision  gave  to  a  large 
class  of  chartered  institutions  a  security  never  enjoyed  before. 
The  lapse  of  more  than  half  a  century  enables  us  to  consider 
the  question  calmly  and  candidly,  uninfluenced  by  interest, 
prejudice,  or  passion. 

The  case  was  attended  with  serious  embarrassments. 
Neither  counsel  nor  court  had  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
history  of  the  school  and  the  college,  and  the  relations  of  each 
to  the  other.  Had  they  possessed  this  knowledge,  the  line  of 
argument  in  some  respects  would  have  been  very  different, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  115 

although  perhaps  with  the  same  general  results.  More  than 
this,  there  were  no  precedents.  Indeed,  at  that  early  day 
questions  of  constitutional  law  had  occupied  very  little  of  the 
attention  of  the  American  courts. 

There  would  have  been  embarrassment  had  the  British 
Parliament,  before  our  Revolution,  assumed  the  right  to  alter 
materially  the  Charter  of  the  college.  Changes  in  chartered 
institutions  in  America,  especially,  by  that  body,  although 
within  the  scope  of  its  power,  were  usually  met  with  the  stern- 
est protests.  After  the  Revolution,  there  were  wide  differences 
of  opinion  as  to  who  had  power  over  charters  granted  ante- 
cedent to  that  event.  In  the  case  of  Dartmouth's  Charter 
any  one  of  several  opinions  might  have  found  plausible  sup- 
port. To  determine  whether  it  was  a  fit  matter  for  State  or 
national  legislation,  or  judicial  control,  we  must  revert  to  the 
history  of  the  Charter.  There  we  find  that  it  was  the  unvary- 
ing purpose  of  the  founder,  adhered  to  through  a  long  period 
of  severe  and  persistent  effort,  to  obtain  a  Charter  which  would 
enable  him  to  locate  his  school  or  schools  .in  any  of  the 
American  colonies.  He  was  determined  to  be  as  free  as  pos- 
sible from  local  obligations  and  local  control.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  in  securing  the  Charter  of  the  college  he  believed 
that  he  had  accomplished  a  similar  purpose.  The  Charter 
appointed  as  a  majority  of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees  resi- 
dents in  Connecticut,  —  making  it  for  the  time  being,  by  de- 
sign of  the  founder,  for  good  and  sufficient  reasons,  in  a  sense, 
a  Connecticut  institution,  —  with  a  provision  that  after  the 
lapse  of  a  brief  period  a  majority  of  the  Board  should  be  resi- 
dents in  New  Hampshire.  In  writing  upon  this  subject  to  a 
business  correspondent,  in  June,  1777,  President  Wheelock 
says,  referring  to  a  third  party  :  "  Let  him  see  how  amply  this 
incorporation  is  endowed,  and  how  independent  it  is  made  of 
this  government  or  any  other  incorporation,"  and  adds  that 
"  a  matter  of  controversy  "  relating  to  the  township  granted 
by  the  king  to  the  college  nearly  at  the  same  time  with  the 
Charter,  "  can  be  decided  by  no  judicatory  but  supreme,  or 
one  equal  to  that  which  incorporated  it,  i.  e.,  the  Continental 
Congress." 

The  views  of  no  one  person  will  be  received  by  all,  as  con- 


116  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

elusive  on  a  subject  of  so  much  importance.  But  certainly, 
Eleazar  Wheelock  had  a  right  to  construe  the  provisions  of  an 
instrument  which  in  almost  every  line  bore  his  impress,  never 
possessed  by  any  other  individual. 

Had  John  Wheelock  presented  his  grievances  to  the  Na- 
tional Legislature,  —  only  in  a  limited  sense,  it  is  true,  if  at 
all,  the  successor  of  that  king,  whose  grant  of  Landaff,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  College  Charter,  made  him,  in  a  sense,  according 
to  Coke,  the  founder  of  the  college,  —  he  might,  in  all  prob- 
ability, have  obtained  what  he  desired  in  a  peaceful  manner, 
although  an  important  judicial  decision  might  never  have  oc- 
cupied its  present  place  in  American  law. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

CHARACTER    OF    PRESIDENT    BROWN.  —  TRIBUTES    BY    PRO- 
FESSOR HADDOCK  AND   RUFUS   CHOATE. 

IN  Sprague's  "  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit,"  we  find,  in 
substance,  the  following  notice  of  President  Brown : 

Francis  Brown  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  and  Prudence 
(Kelley)  Brown,  and  was  born  at  Chester,  Buckingham 
County,  N.  H.,  January  11, 1784.  His  father  was  a  merchant, 
and  had  a  highly  respectable  standing  in  society.  His  mother 
was  a  person  of  superior  intellect  and  heart,  and,  though  she 
died  when  he  had  only  reached  his  tenth  year,  she  had  im- 
pressed upon  him. some  of  the  most  striking  of  her  own  char- 
acteristics ;  particularly  her  uncommon  love  of  order  and  pro- 
priety, even  in  the  most  minute  concerns,  and  her  uncompro- 
mising adherence  to  her  own  convictions  of  truth  and  right. 
In  his  early  boyhood  he  evinced  the  utmost  eagerness  in  the 
pursuit  of  knowledge,  and  never  suffered  any  opportunity  for 
intellectual  improvement  to  escape  him.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen, he  ventured  to  ask  his  father  to  furnish  him  with  the 
means  of  a  collegiate  education ;  but,  in  consideration  of 
his  somewhat  straitened  circumstances,  he  felt  constrained 
to  deny  the  request.  By  a  subsequent  marriage,  however,  his 
circumstances  were  improved  ;  and  the  new  mother  of  young 
Brown,  with  most  commendable  generosity,  assumed  the  pecu- 
niary responsibility  of  his  going  to  college.  He  always  cher- 
ished the  most  grateful  recollection  of  her  kindness ;  and,  but 
a  few  days  before  his  death,  he  said  to  her  with  the  deepest 
filial  sensibility,  "  My  dear  mother,  whatever  good  I  have 
done  in  the  world,  and  whatever  honor  I  have  received,  I  owe 
it  all  to  you." 

In  his  sixteenth  year  he  became  a  member  of  Atkinson 
Academy,  then  under  the  care  of  the  Hon.  John  Vose,  and 


118  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

among  the  most  respectable  institutions  of  the  kind  in  New 
England.  His  instructor  has  rendered  the  following  testi- 
mony concerning  him  at  that  period :  "  Though  he  made  no 
pretensions  to  piety  during  his  residence  at  the  academy,  he 
was  exceedingly  amiable  in  his  affections  and  moral  in  his  de- 
portment. It  is  very  rare  we  find  an  individual  in  whom  so 
many  excellencies  centre.  To  a  sweet  disposition  was  united 
a  strong  mind  ;  to  an  accuracy  which  examined  the  minutiae 
of  everything  a  depth  of  investigation  which  penetrated  the 
most  profound.  I  recollect  that  when  I  wrote  recommending 
him  to  college,  I  informed  Dr.  Wheelock  I  had  sent  him  an 
Addison." 

Of  the  formation  of  his  religious  character  little  more  is 
known  than  that  it  was  of  silent,  yet  steady  growth.  It  was 
not  till  the  year  that  he  became  a  tutor  in  college  that  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith,  by  connecting  himself 
with  the  church  in  his  native  place. 

In  the  spring  of  1802  he  joined  the  Freshman  class  of 
Dartmouth  College,  and,  during  the  whole  period  of  his  col- 
legiate course,  was  a  model  of  persevering  diligence,  of  gentle 
and  winning  manners,  and  pure  and  elevated  morality.  From 
college  he  carried  with  him  the  respect  and  love  of  both 
teachers  and  students.  Having  spent  the  year  succeeding  his 
graduation  as  a  private  tutor  in  the  family  of  the  venerable 
Judge  Paine,  of  Williamstown,  Vt.,  he  was  appointed  to  a 
tutorship  in  the  college  at  which  he  had  graduated.  This  of- 
fice he  accepted,  and  for  three  years  discharged  its  duties  with 
great  ability  and  fidelity,  while,  at  the  same  time,  he  was  pur- 
suing theological  studies  with  reference  to  his  future  profes- 
sion. 

Having  received  license  to  preach  from  the  Grafton  Associ- 
ation, he  resigned  his  tutorship  at  the  Commencement  in 
1809,  with  a  view  to  give  himself  solely  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry.  After  declining  several  flattering  applications  for 
his  services,  he  accepted  an  invitation  from  the' Congrega- 
tional Church  in  North  Yarmouth,  Me.,  to  become  their  pas- 
tor; and  he  was  accordingly  ordained  there  on  his  birthday, 
January  11,  1810.  Within  a  few  months  from  this  time,  he 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Languages  at  Dartmouth  College ; 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  119 

but  this  appointment  he  was  pleased,  greatly  to  the  joy  of. 
his  parishioners,  to  decline.  For  the  succeeding  five  years  he 
labored  with  great  zeal  and  success  among  his  people,  while 
his  influence  was  sensibly  felt  in  sustaining  and  advancing  the 
interests  of  learning  and  religion  throughout  the  State.  He 
was  the  intimate  friend  of  the  lamented  President  Appleton ; 
and  no  one,  perhaps,  cooperated  with  the  president  more  vig- 
rously  than  he,  in  increasing  the  resources  and  extending  the 
influence  of  Bowdoin  College. 

He  was  inaugurated  President  of  Dartmouth  College,  on 
the  27th  of  September,  1815. 

During  the  period  when  the  college  controversy  was  at  its 
height,  and  it  seemed  difficult  to  predict  its  issue,  Mr.  Brown 
was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  Hamilton  College,  —  a  re- 
spectable and  flourishing  institution  in  the  State  of  New 
York.  He  did  not,  however,  feel  at  liberty  to  accept  the  in- 
vitation, considering  himself  so  identified  with  the  college 
with  which  he  was  then  connected  that  he  must  share  either 
its  sinking  or  rising  fortunes. 

President  Brown's  labors  were  too  severe  for  his  constitu- 
tion. He  was  not  only  almost  constantly  engaged  during  the 
week  in  the  instruction  and  general  supervision  of  the  college, 
but  most  of  his  Sabbaths  were  spent  in  preaching  to  destitute 
congregations  in  the  neighborhood ;  and,  during  his  vacations, 
he  was  generally  traveling  with  a  view  to  increase  the  col- 
lege funds.  Soon  after  the  Commencement  in  1818,  he  began 
to  show  some  symptoms  of  pulmonary  disease,  and  these 
symptoms  continued,  and  assumed  a  more  aggravated  form, 
under  the  best  medical  prescriptions.  His  last  effort  in  the 
pulpit  was  at  Thetford,  Vt.,  October  6,  1818.  In  the  hope 
of  recovering  from  his  disease,  he  traveled  into  the  western 
part  of  New  York,  but  no  substantial  relief  was  obtained.  In 
the  fall  of  1819,  with  a  view  to  try  the  effect  of  a  milder  cli- 
mate, he  journeyed  as  far  south  as  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  where  he  spent  the  following  winter  and  spring. 
He  returned  in  the  month  of  June,  and,  though  he  was 
greeted  by  his  friends  and  pupils  with  the  most  affectionate 
welcome,  they  all  saw,  from  his  pallid  countenance  and  ema- 
ciated form,  that  he  had  only  come  home  to  die.  As  he  was 


120  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

unable  to  appear  in  public,  he  invited  the  Senior  class,  who 
were  about  to  leave  college  at  the  commencement  of  their  last 
vacation,  to  visit  him  in  his  chamber ;  and  there  he  addressed 
to  them,  with  the  solemnity  of  a  spirit  just  ready  to  take  its 
flight,  the  most  pertinent  and  affectionate  farewell  counsels, 
which  they  received  with  every  expression  of  gratitude,  ven- 
eration, and  love.  In  his  last  days  and  hours  he  evinced  the 
most  humble,  trusting,  child-like  spirit,  willing  to  live  as  long 
as  God  was  pleased  to  detain  him,  but  evidently  considering 
it  far  better  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ.  His  last  words 
were,  "  Glorious  Redeemer,  take  my  spirit."  He  died 'July 
27,  1820. 

His  wife  Elisabeth,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Tristram  Gilman, 
a  lady  whose  fine  intellectual,  moral,  and  Christian  qualities 
adorned  every  station  in  which  she  was  placed,  survived  him 
many  years,  and  died  on  the  5th  of  September,  1851.  They 
had  three  children,  one  of  whom,  Samuel  Gilman  [now  Presi- 
dent Brown],  is  a  professor  in  Dartmouth  College. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  Pres- 
ident Brown  by  both  Hamilton  and  Williams  Colleges,  in 
1819. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  President  Brown's  published 
works :  "  An  Address  on  Music,"  delivered  before  the  Handel 
Society  of  Dartmouth  College,  1809.  "  The  Faithful  Stew- 
ard :  "  A  Sermon  delivered  at  the  ordination  of  Allen  Greeley, 
1810.  "  A  Sermon  delivered  before  the  Maine  Missionary 
Society,  1814."  "  Calvin  and  Calvinism  ; "  defended  against 
certain  injurious  representations  contained  in  a  pamphlet  en- 
titled "  A  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  Doctrine  of  the  Celebrated 
John  Calvin  ; "  of  which  Rev.  Martin  Ruter  claims  to  be  the 
author,  1815.  "  A  Reply  to  the  Rev.  Martin  Ruter's  Letter 
relating  to  Calvin  and  Calvinism,  1815."  "  A  Sermon  de- 
livered at  Concord  before  the  Convention  of  Congregational 
and  Presbyterian  Ministers  of  New  Hampshire,  1818." 

The  following  is  from  Prof.  Charles  B.  Haddock,  D.  D. : 
"  My  acquaintance  with  the  President  was,  for  the  most  part, 
that- of  a  pupil  with  his  teacher  ;  an  undergraduate  with  the 
head  of  the  college.  And  yet  it  was  somewhat  more  than 
this;  for  it  was  my  happiness,  during  my  Senior  year,  to  have 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  121 

lodgings  in  the  same  house  with  him,  and  to  eat  at  the  same 
table,  in  the  family  of  one  of  the  professors,  and  as  one  of  a 
small  circle,  all  connected  with  college,  and  a  good  deal  re- 
markable for  the  freedom  and  vivacity  of  their  conversation. 
After  graduating,  I  saw  him  only  occasionally,  until  the  last 
few  months  of  his  life,  which  he  passed  here,  near  the  close  of 
my  first  year's  residence  at  the  college  as  a  teacher,  —  months 
in  which  the  greatness  of  his  character  was  still  more  signally 
manifest  than  in  any  other  circumstances  in  which  I  had  seen 
him. 

"  In  recording  my  youthful  impressions  of  so  uncommon  a 
personage,  I  may,  therefore,  hope  to  be  thought  to  speak  not 
altogether  without  knowledge,  though  it  should  be  with  en- 
thusiasm. 

"  Dr.  Brown  came  to  preside  over  the  college  at  the  age  of 
less  than  thirty-two,  and  in  circumstances  to  attract  unusual 
attention  to  his  administration.  It  was  during  a  violent  con- 
test of  opposing  parties  for  the  control  of  its  affairs,  and  im- 
mediately after  the  removal  of  his  predecessor  from  office. 
His  qualifications  and  his  official  acts  were,  of  course,  exposed 
to  severe  scrutiny,  and  could  command  the  respect  of  the 
community  at  large  only  by  approving  themselves  to  the  can- 
did judgment  even  of  the  adverse  party.  And  I  suppose  it 
would  be  admitted,  even  in  New  Hampshire,  that  no  man 
ever  commended  himself  to  general  favor,  I  may  say  to  gen- 
eral admiration,  by  a  wiser,  more  prudent,  or  more  honorable 
bearing,  amid  the  greatest  and  most  trying  difficulties.  In- 
deed, such  was  his  conduct  of  affairs,  and  such  the  nobleness 
of  his  whole  character,  as  displayed  in  his  intercourse  with 
the  government  of  the  State,  with  a  rival  institution  under 
the  public  authority,  and  with  all  classes  of  men,  that  not  a 
few.  who  began  with  zeal  for  the  college  over  which  he  pre- 
sided, came  at  last  to  act  even  more  from  zeal  for  the  MAN 
who  presided  over  it. 

"  The  mind  of  Dr.  Brown  was  of  the  very  highest  order,  — 
profound,  comprehensive,  and  discriminating.  Its  action  was 
deliberate,  circumspect,  and  sure.  He  made  no  mistakes  ;  ha 
left  nothing  in  doubt  where  certainty  was  possible ;  he  never 
conjectured  where  there  were  means  of  knowledge  ;  he  had 


122  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

no  obscure  glimpses  among  his  ideas  of  truth  and  duty.  Al- 
ways sound  and  always  luminous,  his  opinions  were  never 
uttered  without  being  understood,  and  never  understood  with- 
out being  regarded.  There  was  a  dignity  and  weight  in  his 
judgments  which  seem  to  me  not  unlike  what  constitutes  the 
patriarchal  authority  of  Washington  and  Marshall. 

"  If  not  already  a  man  of  learning,  in  the  larger  sense  of  that 
term,  it  was  only  because  the  duties  of  the  pastoral  relation 
had  so  long  attracted  his  attention  to  the  objects  of  more  par- 
ticular interest  in  his  profession.  Had  his  life  been  spared, 
however,  he  would  have  been  learned  in  the  highest  and 
rarest  sense.  His  habits  of  study  were  liberal,  patient,  and 
eminently  philosophical ;  and  within  the  sphere  which  his  in- 
quiries covered,  his  knowledge  was  accurate  and  choice,  and 
his  taste  faultless.  The  entire  form  of  his  literary  character 
was  beautiful  —  strong  without  being  dogmatic ;  delicate 
without  being  fastidious. 

"  His  heart  was  large.  Great  objects  alone  could  fill  it ;  and 
it  was  full  of  great  objects.  There  was  no  littleness  of 
thought,  or  purpose,  or  ambition,  in  him  —  nothing  little. 
The  range  of  his  literary  sympathies  was  as  wide  as  the  world 
of  mind ;  his  benevolence  as  universal  as  the  wants  of  man. 

"  His  person  was  commanding.  Gentle  in  his  manners,  affa- 
ble, courteous,  he  yet,  unconsciously,  partly  by  the  natural 
dignity  of  his  figure,  and  still  more  by  the  greatness  visibly 
impressed  on  his  features,  exacted  from  us  all  a  deference,  a 
veneration  even,  that  seemed  as  natural  as  it  was  inevitable. 
His  very  presence  was  a  restraint  upon  everything  like  levity 
or  frivolity,  and  diffused  a  thoughtful  and  composed,  if  not 
always  grave,  air  about  him,  which,  never  ceasing  to  be  cheer- 
ful and  bright,  never  failed  to  dignify  the  objects  of  pursuit 
and  elevate  the  intercourse  of  life.  A  gentleman  in  the  prim- 
itive sense  of  the  word,  he  was,  without  seeking  to  be  thought 
so,  always  felt  to  be  of  a  superior  order  of  men. 

"  On  the  whole,  it  has  been  my  fortune  to  know  no  man 
whose  entire  character  has  appeared  to  me  so  near  perfection, 
none,  whom  it  would  so  satisfy  me  in  all  things  to  resem- 
ble. 

"  How  much  we  lost  in  him  it  is  now  impossible  to  estimate, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  123 

and  it  would,  perhaps,  be  useless  to  know.  His  early  death  ex- 
tinguished great  hopes.  But  his  memory  is  a  treasure,  which 
even  death  cannot  take  from  us." 

Hon.  Rnfus  Choate  writes  thus :  "  It  happened  that  my 
whole  time  at  college  coincided  with  the  period  of  President 
Brown's  administration.  He  was  inducted  into  office  in  the 
autumn  of  1815,  my  Freshman  year,  and  he  died  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1820.  It  is  not  the  want,  therefore,  but  the  throng,  of 
recollections  of  him  that  creates  any  difficulty  in  complying 
with  your  request.  He  was  still  young  at  the  time  of  his  in- 
auguration —  not  more  than  thirty-one  —  and  he  had  passed 
those  few  years,  after  having  been  for  three  of  them  a  tutor 
in  Dartmouth  College,  in  the  care  of  a  parish  in  North  Yar- 
mouth, in  Maine  ;  but  he  had  already,  in  an  extraordinary  de- 
gree, dignity  of  person  and  sentiment ;  rare  beauty,  —  almost 
youthful  beauty,  of  countenance ;  a  sweet,  deep,  commanding 
tone  of  voice  ;  a  grave  but  graceful  and  attractive  demeanor  — 
all  the  traits  and  all  the  qualities,  completely  ripe,  which 
make  up  and  express  weight  of  character ;  and  all  the  address 
and  firmness  and  knowledge  of  youth,  men,  and  affairs  which 
constitute  what  we  call  administrative  talent.  For  that  form 
of  talent,  and  for  the  greatness  which  belongs  to  character,  he 
was  doubtless  remarkable.  He  must  have  been  distinguished 
for  this  among  the  eminent.  From  his  first  appearance  be- 
fore the  students  on  the  day  of  his  inauguration,  when  he 
delivered  a  brief  and  grave  address  in  Latin,  prepared  we 
were  told,  the  evening  before,  until  they  followed  the  bier, 
mourning,  to  his  untimely  grave,  he  governed  them  perfectly 
and  always,  through  their  love  and  veneration :  the  love  and 
veneration  of  the  4  willing  soul.'  Other  arts  of  government 
were,  indeed,  just  then,  scarcely  practicable.  The  college  was 
in  a  crisis  which  relaxed  discipline,  and  would  have  placed  a 
weak  instructor,  or  an  instructor  unbeloved,  or  loved  with  no 
more  than  ordinary  regard,  in  the  power  of  classes  which 
would  have  abused  it.  It  was  a  crisis  which  demanded  a 
great  man  for  President,  and  it  found  such  an  one  in  him.  In 
1816,  the  Legislature  of  New  Hampshire  passed  the  acts 
which  changed  the  Charter  of  the  institution,  abolished  the 
old  corporation  of  Trustees,  created  a  new  one,  extinguished 


124  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

the  legal  identity  of  the  college,  and  reconstructed  it  or  set 
up  another  under  a  different  and  more  ambitious  name  and  a 
different  government.  The  old  Trustees,  with  President 
Brown  at  their  head,  denied  the  validity  of  these  acts,  and 
resisted  their  administration.  A  dominant  political  party  had 
passed  or  adopted  them  ;  and  thereupon  a  controversy  arose 
between  the  college  and  a  majority  of  the  State  ;  conducted 
in  part  in  the  courts  of  law  of  New  Hampshire,  and  of  the 
Union  ;  in  part  by  the  press  ;  sometimes  by  the  students  of 
the  old  institution  and  the  new  in  personal  collision,  or  the 
menace  of  personal  collision,  within  the  very  gardens  of  the 
academy ;  which  was  not  terminated  until  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  adjudged  the  acts  unconstitu- 
tional and  void.  This  decision  was  pronounced  in  1819  ;  and 
then,  and  not  till  then,  had  President  Brown  peace,  —  a  brief 
peace  made  happy  by  letters,  by  religion,  by  the  conscious- 
ness of  a  great  duty  performed  for  law,  for  literature,  and  for 
the  Constitution,  —  happy  even  in  prospect  of  premature 
death.  This  contest  tried  him  and  the  college  with  extreme 
and  various  severity.  To  induce  students  to  remain  in  a 
school  disturbed  and  menaced ;  to  engage  and  inform  public 
sentiment,  the  true  patron  and  effective  founder,  by  show- 
ing forth  that  the  principles  of  a  sound  political  morality,  as 
well  as  of  law,  prescribed  the  action  of  the  old  Trustees ;  to 
confer  with  the  counsel  of  the  college,  two  of  whom  —  Mr. 
Mason  and  Mr.  Webster  —  have  often  declared  to  me  their 
admiration  of  the  intellectual  force  and  practical  good  sense 
which  he  brought  to  those  conferences,  —  this  all,  while  it 
withdrew  him  somewhat  from  the  proper  studies  and  proper 
cares  of  his  office,  created  a  necessity  for  the  display  of  the 
very  rarest  qualities  of  temper,  discretion,  tact,  and  command, 
and  he  met  it  with  consummate  ability  and  fortune.  One  of 
his  addresses  to  the  students  in  the  chapel  at  the  darkest  mo- 
ment of  the  struggle,  presenting  the  condition  and  prospects 
of  the  college,  and  the  embarrassments  of  all  kinds  which 
surrounded  its  instructors,  and  appealing  to  the  manliness  and 
affection  and  good  principles  of  the  students  to  help  i  by  what- 
soever things  were  honest,  lovely,  or  of  good  report,'  occurs  to 
recollection  as  of  extraordinary  persuasiveness  and  influence. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  125 

"  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  he  had  very  eminent  intellect- 
ual ability,  true  love  of  the  beautiful  in  all  things,  and  a  taste 
trained  to  discover,  enjoy,  and  judge  it,  and  that  his  acquire- 
ments were  competent  and  increasing.  It  was  the  '  keenness ' 
of  his  mind  of  which  Mr.  Mason  always  spoke  to  me  as  re- 
markable in  any  man  of  any  profession.  He  met  him  only 
in  consultation  as  a  client ;  but  others,  students,  all  nearer 
his  age,  and  admitted  to  his  fuller  intimacy,  must  have  been 
struck  rather  with  the  sobriety  and  soundness  of  his  thoughts, 
the  solidity  and  large  grasp  of  his  understanding,  and  the 
harmonized  culture  of  all  its  parts.  He  wrote  a  pure  and  clear 
English  style,  and  he  judged  of  elegant  literature  with  a  cath- 
olic and  appreciative  but  chastised  taste.  The  recollections 
o'f  a  student  of  the  learning  of  a  beloved  and  venerated  presi- 
dent of  a  college,  whom  he  sees  only  as  a  boy  sees  a  man,  and 
his  testimony  concerning  it,  will  have  little  value ;  but  I  know 
that  he  was  esteemed  an  excellent  Greek  and  Latin  scholar, 
and  our  recitations  of  Horace,  which  the  poverty  of  the  college 
and  the  small  number  of  its  teachers  induced  him  to  superin- 
tend, though  we  were  Sophomores  only,  were  the  most  agree- 
able and  instructive  exercises  of  the  whole  college  classical 
course. 

u  Of  studies  more  professional  he  seemed  master.  Locke, 
Stewart,  with  whose  liberality  and  tolerance  and  hopeful  and 
rational  philanthropy  he  sympathized  warmly,  Butler,  Ed- 
wards, and  the  writers  on  natural  law  and  moral  philosophy, 
he  expounded  with  the  ease  and  freedom  of  one  habitually 
trained  and  wholly  equal  to  these  larger  meditations. 

"  His  term  of  office  was  short  and  troubled  ;  but  the  histo- 
rian of  the  college  will  record  of  his  administration  a  two-fold 
honor  ;  first,  that  it  was  marked  by  a  noble  vindication  of  its 
chartered  rights  ;  and  second,  that  it  was  marked  also  by  a 
real  advancement  of  its  learning ;  by  collections  of  ampler 
libraries,  and  by  displays  of  a  riper  scholarship." 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

PROGRESS  FROM  1820    TO  1828. —  ADMINISTRATIONS  OF  PRESI- 
DENT DANA  AND  PRESIDENT  TYLER. 

IT  was  not  an  easy  matter,  especially  in  the  impoverished 
condition  of  the  college,  to  find  a  worthy  successor  of  Presi- 
dent Brown. 

During  the  period  of  President  Brown's  illness,  and  at  dif- 
ferent periods  after  his  death,  Professor  Ebenezer  Adams,  a 
gentleman  of  decided  and  energetic  character,  and  (in  years) 
the  senior  professor  in  the  college,  was  acting  president. 

Rev.  Daniel  Dana  of  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  was 
elected  the  fourth  president  of  the  college  in  August,  1820. 

The  substance  of  the  next  few  pages  is  from  the  "  Life  of 
President  Dana,"  published  in  1866. 

The  following  is  one  of  many  letters  addressed  to  him, 
urging  his  acceptance  of  the  presidency : 

"  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE,  Sept.  7,  1820. 

"  REV.  AND  DEAR  Sift  :  —  Not  having  heard  from  any  of 
our  friends  what  is  the  prospect  in  regard  to  your  acceptance 
of  the  appointment  made  by  our  Trustees,  I  cannot  help 
troubling  you  with  a  line. 

"  I  need  not  tell  you  that  our  solicitude  would  rise  to  ex- 
treme distress  were  we  seriously  apprehensive  that  you  might 
decide  in  the  negative.  Oh,  sir,  remember  the  desolations  of 
Zion  here,  and  have  compassion.  The  friends  of  the  college 
look  to  you,  and  to  you  only,  to  repair  the  waste  places. 
When  you  know  that  the  voice  of  the  Trustees  conspires  with 
that  of  the  clergy  and  of  the  public  at  large,  and  when  this 
same  voice  is  echoed  from  the  tomb  of  our  late  beloved  and 
much  lamented  President  Brown,  can  you  hesitate  ?  That 
good  man,  in  his  last  days,  with  almost  the  confidence  and 


REV.  DANIEL   DANA,  D.  D. 


(>  .v\  v, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  127 

ardor  of  prophecy,  declared  his  belief  in  the  future  prosperity 
and  usefulness  of  Dartmouth  College.  You  have,  I  hope, 
been  informed  of  the  strong  manner  in  which  he,  last  autumn, 
expressed  himself  in  relation  to  a  successor  ;  and  of  the  same 
decided  and  unwavering  opinion  which  came  from  his  mouth 
a  few  days  before  his  death.  4 1  have,'  said  he,  4  but  one  can- 
didate, and  that  is  Dr.  Dana.  Whom  do  they  talk  of  for  a 
successor  ?  My  opinion  is  exactly  the  same  as  when  I  con- 
versed with  you  last  fall.' 

"  I  do  pray,  my  dear  sir,  that  Divine  Providence  may  not 
permit  you  to  fail  of  coming. 

"  I  should  be  grieved  if,  on  making  the  trial,  you  should 
not  find  yourself  pleasantly  situated  here.  I  verily  believe 
that  you  would  find  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  people  of 
the  village,  including  all  the.  college  Faculty,  to  render  your 
situation  comfortable  and  pleasant. 

44  We  shall  watch  every  mail  and  ask  every  friend,  till  we 
learn  the  decision,  or  rather  what  we  may  expect  the  decision 
to  be.  With  great  respect, 

44  Your  obedient  servant, 

44  R.   D.  M."i 

What  is  here  stated  as  to  President  Brown,  was  also  true  of 
President  Appleton  of  Bowdoin  College.  Each  had  desired 
that  Dr.  Dana  should  be  his  successor.  No  stronger  proof 
could  be  given  of  the  confidence  felt  in  him,  than  these  con- 
current last  wishes  of  two  such  men.  Each  had  brought  to 
the  office  he  held  not  merely  intellectual  preeminence,  but  a 
dignity  and  elevation  of  character,  and  a  singleness  of  purpose, 
rarely  equaled  ;  and  to  each  the  future  welfare  of  the  institu- 
tion over  which  he  presided  was  an  object  of  the  deepest  solic- 
itude. 

Dr.  Dana's  letter  of  acceptance  is  as  follows : 

"  To  THE  R.EV.  AND  HONORABLE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES  OF  DART- 
MOUTH COLLEGE, 

44  GENTLEMEN  :  —  I  have  received,  with  deep  sensibility, 
not  unmingled  with  surprise,  the  notice  of  the  appointment 
1  Professor  R.  D.  Mussey. 


128  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

with  which  you  have  honored  me,  to  the  presidency  of  the 
institution  under  your  care. 

"  The  consideration  of  a  subject  of  such  magnitude  has  been 
attended  with  no  small  degree  of  perplexity  and  distress. 

"  The  character  and  objects  of  Dartmouth  College  ;  its  in- 
timate connection  with  the  great  interests  of  the  Church  and 
of  human  society  ;  the  important  services  it  has  long  rendered 
to  both  ;  its  recent  arduous  struggle  for  existence,  with  the 
attending  embarrassments,  and  auspicious  issue  ;  the  claims  it 
possesses  on  the  community,  and  especially  on  its  own  sons  ; 
the  unanimity  of  your  suffrages  in  the  present  case ;  these 
with  other  affecting  circumstances  have  been  carefully  consid- 
ered, and  I  trust  duly  appreciated. 

"  Considerations  of  a  different  kind  have  likewise  presented. 
My  long  and  intimate  connection  with  a  most  beloved  and 
affectionate  people  —  a  connection  rendered  interesting  not 
only  by  its  duties  and  delights  but  by  its  very  solicitudes  and 
afflictions  —  a  diffidence  of  my  powers  to  meet  the  expectations 
of  the  Trustees,  and  the  demands  of  the  college  ;  the  exchange, 
at  my  age,  of  a  sphere  whose  duties,  though  arduous  and  ex- 
hausting, are  yet  familiar,  for  another  in  which  new  duties, 
new  responsibilities,  new  anxieties  arise  ;  in  which  likewise 
success  is  uncertain,  and  failure  would  be  distressing  —  these 
considerations,  with  a  variety  of  others  scarcely  possible  to  be 
detailed,  have  at  times  come  over  me  with  an  almost  appalling 
influence. 

"  In  these  circumstances  I  have  not  dared  trust  my  feelings, 
nor  even  my  judgment,  with  the  decision  of  the  case. 

"  One  resource  remained,  —  to  seek  advice  through  the 
regular  ecclesiastical  channel  —  and  this  with  a  full  determi- 
nation to  consider  the  judgment  of  the  presbytery  as  the  most 
intelligible  expression  which  I  could  hope  to  obtain  of  the 
mind  and  will  of  Heaven,  respecting  my  dutyj  to  this  meas- 
ure my  church  and  people  gave  their  consent. 

"  The  presbytery  having  determined,  by  nearly  a  unani- 
mous vote,  in  favor  of  the  dissolution  of  my  pastoral  relation, 
and  my  acceptance  of  the  appointment,  my  duty  is  of  course 
decided.  I  now,  therefore,  declare  my  compliance  with  your 
invitation. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  129 

"  I  devote  the  residue  of  my  life  to  the  interests  of  the  in- 
stitution committed  to  your  care. 

44  This  I  do  with  deep  solicitude,  yet  not  without  an  ani- 
mating hope  that  He  whose  prerogative  and  glory  it  is  to 
operate  important  effects  by  feeble  instruments,  may  be 
pleased,  even  through  me,  to  give  a  blessing  to  a  seminary 
which  has  so  signally  enjoyed  His  protecting  and  fostering 
care. 

"  Providence  permitting,  I  shall  be  at  Hanover  on  the  fourth 
Wednesday  of  the  present  month,  with  a  view  to  attend  the 
solemnities  of  inauguration.  It  will  then  be  necessary,  con- 
sidering the  advanced  season,  and  other  circumstances,  for  me 
to  return  without  delay,  that  I  may  arrange  my  affairs  and 
remove  my  family. 

44  Gentlemen,  my  resolution  on  this  great  subject  has  been 
taken  in  the  full  confidence  of  experiencing,  in  all  future  time, 
what  I  shall  so  much  need,  your  liberal  candor,  and  your  cor- 
dial, energetic  support.  Suffer  me,  in  addition,  to  request,  in 
my  behalf,  your  devout  supplications  to  Him  who  is  the 
Father  of  Lights  and  the  munificent  bestower  of  every  bless- 
ing. 

44 1  am,  gentlemen,  with  every  sentiment  of  esteem  and  re- 
spect, 

44  Your  devoted  friend  and  servant, 

44  DANIEL  DANA. 

"  NEWBURTPORT,  Oct.  3,  1820." 

44  Allusion  is  made  in  his  farewell  sermon  at  Newburyport, 
to  his  4  recently  impaired  health.'  This  was  premonitory. 
Scarcely  had  he  removed  his  family  to  Hanover,  and  entered 
on  his  new  duties,  before  the  crisis  came  to  which,  doubtless, 
the  wasting  cares  and  anxieties  of  preceding  years  and  the 
recent  severe  pressure  upon  his  sensibilities,  had  been  silently 
but  inevitably  tending.  His  health  gave  way,  and  great  de- 
pression of  spirits  accompanied  his  bodily  languor.  He  took 
more  than  one  long  journey  in  the  vain  effort  to  recruit  his 
energies.  He  writes  to  a  friend  of  being  4  in  a  state  of  great 
and  very  uncommon  debility,  undoubtedly  to  be  attributed  to 
the  protracted  operation  of  distressing  causes,  both  on  mind 
and  frame.'  He  also  states,  that,  whilst  absent  from  Hano- 
9 


130  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ver  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  his  physician,  he  still 
hoped  to  be  able,  after  his  strength  was  recruited,  to  accom- 
plish something  in  the  matter  of  soliciting  aid  to  the  funds  of 
the  college  ;  a  work  which,  however  uncongenial  to  his  tastes, 
he  found  would  necessarily  be  devolved  on  its  president. 

"  The  winter  months  passed  by,  and  there  was  still  little  or 
no  improvement  in  his  health.  When  it  became  known  that 
he  was  agitating  the  question  of  resigning  his  office,  many  ur- 
gent requests  were  made  to  him  not  to  decide  hastily.  He 
delayed  only  till  April,  and  then  called  a  meeting  of  the  Trus- 
tees, to  be  held  early  in  May,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and 
acting  upon  his  resignation  of  his  office.  He  wished  it  to  be 
considered  as  'absolute  and  final.'  The  notification  to  a 
member  of  the  Board  with  whom  he  was  specially  intimate, 
was  accompanied  by  a  letter  in  which  he  says : 

"  4  You  will  naturally  conclude  that  the  resolution  which  I 
have  taken  has  cost  me  many  a  struggle,  and  much  severe 
distress.  This  is  the  fact.  The  last  seven  months  have  been 
with  me  a  scene  of  suffering  indeed.  I  have  fondly  hoped 
that  repeated  journeyings  would  give  me  relief.  But  their 
effect  has  been  only  partial  and  temporary.  Such  is  my 
prostration  at  this  moment,  that  the  duties  of  my  office,  and 
not  less  its  cares  and  its  responsibilities,  seem  a  burden  quite 
beyond  my  power  of  bearing.  Had  it  pleased  God  to  make 
me  an  instrument  of  important  good  to  the  college,  I  should 
have  esteemed  myself  privileged  indeed;  but  this  privilege, 
though  denied  to  me,  awaits,  I  confidently  hope,  some  more 
favored  instrument  of  the  Divine  benevolence.  I  earnestly 
pray,  that,  in  what  pertains  to  this  great  concern,  the  Trus- 
tees may  be  favored  with  much  heavenly  wisdom  and  direc- 
tion.' 

"  He  now  took  a  long  journey  to  Ohio,  visiting  at  Athens  the 
brother  who  had  been  the  companion  of  his  early  years.  Un- 
der these  favorable  influences,  his  health  began  more  decidedly 
to  improve.  At  their  meeting,  July  4,  the  Trustees  of  the 
college,  by  unanimous  resolution,  requested  him  to  withdraw 
his  resignation  ;  but  he  declined  to  do  so,  though  *  gratefully 
acknowledging  the  kindness  expressed  in  their  communica- 
tion.' 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  131 

44  Many  years  after  these  events,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lord,  so  long 
and  so  honorably  the  president  of  Dartmouth  College,  thus 
referred  to  Dr.  Dana's  connection  with  the  institution  : 

"  4  He  was  chosen  president  for  his  well-known  excellence  as 
a  scholar  and  theologian,  and  his  extraordinary  ministerial 
qualifications.  He  was  honored  the  country  over,  in  these 
respects.  It  was  not  doubted  that  he  would  be  equally  hon- 
orable as  president  of  the  college,  should  his  health  endure. 

44 4  That  he  would  have  been,  had  he  been  able  to  retain  his 
place,  everybody  well  understood,  as  well  from  his  auspicious 
beginning,  as  his  distinguished  qualities.  He  made  a  deep 
impression  upon  the  college  during  the  short  period  of  his 
actual  service. 

44  4  But  his  sensitive  nature  had  received  a  great  shock  in 
the  breaking  up  of  his  many  and  most  endearing  relations  at 
Newburyport  and  the  country  around.  He  began  here  with 
health  seriously  impaired,  and  in  great  depression  of  spirit. 
The  change  of  scene,  of  society,  labor,  and  responsibility,  was 
too  much  for  his  disordered  frame.  He  sought  relief  by 
travel.  But  he  gained  little  or  nothing,  and  was  driven  to 
the  conclusion  that  his  life  could  probably  be  saved  only  by 
resignation.  He  could  not  consent  to  make  such  an  office  as 
he  held  a  sinecure,  or  to  see  the  college  labor  through  its  se- 
vere adversities  without  greater  vigor  of  administration  than 
his  infirmities  admitted.  With  great  conscientiousness  and 
magnanimity,  he  chose  to  put  himself  at  a  seeming  disadvan- 
tage, rather  than  to  risk  the  interests  of  the  college  upon  what 
he  judged  to  be  the  doubtful  chances  of  his  recovery. 

44  4  He  left  with  the  profound  respect  and  sincere  regret  of 
the  Trustees  and  Faculty.  Their  confidence  in  him  was  un- 
shaken ;  and  they  never  doubted,  that,  had  he  been  more 
favorable  to  himself,  and  borne  his  new  burdens  with  less 
solicitude,  till  he  could  regain  his  health,  he  would  have  been 
as  distinguished  here  as  elsewhere,  and  raised  the  college  to  a 
corresponding  usefulness  and  dignity. 

44  4  Most  men  judge  superficially  and  unwisely  in  such  cases. 
So  far  as  I  know,  the  most  competent  judges  of  Dr.  Dana's 
relations  to  Dartmouth  see  nothing  that  does  not  redound  to 
his  honor.  It  is  understood  that  he  accepted  the  presidency 


132  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

with  great  reluctance,  on  account  of  his  other  responsibilities 
and  attachments,  and  with  distrust  of  his  physical  ability  to 
perform  its  duties ;  that,  while  he  performed  them,  it  was 
with  characteristic  ability  and  effect ;  and  that,  when  his  best 
efforts  to  regain  his  health  failed,  and  he  saw  reason  to  fear, 
that,  even  if  his  life  should  not  be  a  sacrifice,  his  increasing 
infirmities  would  be  to  the  disadvantage  of  a  struggling  insti- 
tution, he  generously,  and  entirely  of  his  own  accord,  resigned. 
To  my  apprehension,  all  this  is  significant  of  great  moral 
strength  under  the  pressure  of  bodily  disease,  and  a  memor- 
able instance  of  that  Christian  heroism  for  which  he  has  al- 
ways been  remarkable.  "  Maluit  esse  quam  videri  bonus." 

The  subsequent  labors  of  President  Dana  in  the  ministry, 
and  the  high  esteem  of  all  who  best  knew  him  till  his  death, 
August  26,  1859,  are  matters  of  permanent  record.  His  first 
wife,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Coombs)  Dana,  and  the  second,  Mrs. 
Sarah  (Emery)  Dana,  had  died  previous  to  his  residence  at 
Hanover. 

President  Dana's  brief  but  earnest  labors  for  the  college 
having  closed  in  1821,  the  fifth  president  was  Rev.  Bennet 
Tyler,  who  was  called  from  a  pastorate  in  Southbury,  Conn. 

We  quote  in  substance  some  passages  relating  to  this  sub- 
ject from  his  "  Memoir,"  by  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  Nab  urn 
Gale,  D.  D. 

"  Early  in  1822,  Mr.  Tyler  was  appointed  president  of 
Dartmouth  College.  It  was  to  him  a  mystery  why  he  should 
be  selected  for  that  station.  Located  in  a  retired  country 
parish,  he  had  been  devoted  to  the  duties  of  the  ministry, 
and  had  paid  little  attention  to  science  or  literature.  He  was 
strongly  attached  to  his  people  and  his  home,  for  there  had 
arisen,  as  '  olive  plants,'  around  his  table,  three  sons  and  four 
daughters. 

"  But  he  was  recommended  to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth 
by  Dr.  Porter,  of  Andover,  and  others,  in  whose  judgment  he 
had  great  confidence  ;  his  brethren  around  him  in  the  minis- 
try, and  the  consociation  with  which  he  was  connected,  be- 
lieved it  to  be  his  duty  to  accept  the  appointment.  Accord- 
ingly, he  broke  away  from  an  endeared  people,  was  inaugu- 
rated at  Dartmouth  in  March,  and  entered  upon  the  duties 


REV.  BENNET  TYLER,  D.  D. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  133 

of  his  office  the  following  June.  In  the  autumn  of  1822,  the 
newly-elected  president  was  honored  by  the  degree  of  D.  D., 
from  Middlebury  College.  Of  his  connection  with  Dart- 
mouth College,  Dr.  Tyler  has  left  the  following  record  : 

" 4 1  was  among  strangers,  and  engaged  in  duties  to  which  I 
was  unaccustomed.  But  I  found  myself  surrounded  by  able 
professors,  who  treated  me  with  great  kindness,  and  rendered 
me  all  the  assistance  in  their  power.  My  situation  was  much 
more  pleasant  than  I  anticipated ;  and  through  the  assistance 
of  a  gracious  Providence,  I  was  enabled  to  discharge  the  du- 
ties which  devolved  upon  me  with  acceptance.  I  have  never 
had  any  reason  to  doubt  that  I  was  in  the  path  of  duty  when 
I  accepted  the  appointment.  My  labor  in  the  service  of  the 
college,  I  humbly  trust,  was  not  altogether  in  vain.  I  had 
the  satisfaction  to  know  that  I  left  it  in  a  more  prosperous 
condition  than  I  found  it.  It  was  no  part  of  my  duty,  as 
president  of  the  college,  to  preach  on  the  Sabbath  ;  but  the 
health  of  the  professor  of  Divinity  failing  soon  after  my  inau- 
guration, I  found  it  necessary  to  supply  his  place ;  and  during 
the  whole  period  of  my  presidency  I  preached  a  considerable 
part  of  the  time.  In  the  year  1826,  there  was  a  very  interest- 
ing revival  of  religion,  both  among  the  students  and  the  in- 
habitants of  the  village,  which  will  be  remembered  by  not  a 
few,  while  "  immortality  endures." 

"  '  I  was  connected  with  the  college  six  years ;  and,  although 
I  never  felt  so  much  at  home  as  in  the  duties  of  the  ministry, 
still  I  had  no  serious  thoughts  of  relinquishing  my  station,  till, 
very  unexpectedly,  I  received  a  call  from  the  Second  Church 
in  Portland.  When  I  received  this  call,  I  felt  a  new  desire 
for  the  duties  and  joys  of  the  pastoral  life,  and  believing  I 
could  resign  my  office  without  putting  in  jeopardy  the  inter- 
ests of  the  college,  I  concluded  to  do  so.  I  parted  with  the 
Trustees,  Faculty,  and  students,  with  feelings  of  great  cordial- 
ity, and  I  had  reason  to  believe  that  the  feelings  were  recipro- 
cated.' 

"  The  following  letter  from  the  venerable  Professor  Shurt- 
leff,  addressed  to  Rev.  John  E.  Tyler,  will  give  the  impressions 
of  one  associated  with  Dr.  Tyler  during  his  presidency  at 
Hanover. 


134  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"HANOVER,  N.  H.,  September  22,  1858. 

"  REVEREND  AND  VERY  DEAR  FRIEND  :  Permit  me  thus 
to  address  you ;  for  I  can  truly  say  that  I  regarded  you  with 
much  interest  and  affection  during  the  whole  time  of  your 
residence  here,  and  I  may  also  add  that  your  venerated  pa- 
rents had  no  friends  in  Hanover  more  sincere  and  ardent  than 
Mrs.  Shurtleff  and  myself. 

"  When  your  dear  father  was  appointed  president  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  he  had  been  little  heard  of  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, rfis  first  appearance,  however,  was  very  prepossessing, 
and  his  preaching  was  much  admired.  His  popularity  was  so 
general  in  this  region,  that  a  gentleman  of  a  neighboring 
town  inquired,  4  Why,  if  he  is  such  a  man  as  they  say,  was  he 
not  heard  of  before  ?  '  To  which  I  replied,  if  you  will  allow 
me  to  quote  my  own  words,  that  4  the  Lord  had  kept  him 
concealed  in  an  obscure  parish  for  a  blessing  to  our  college.' 
The  impression  which  his  first  appearance  made  was  not  low- 
ered by  further  acquaintance.  I  do  not  recollect  hearing  a 
complaint  of  him  from  any  member  of  the  college.  All  his 
intercourse  with  them  was  tempered  with  the  utmost  kind- 
ness, while  he  was  punctual  and  faithful  in  every  official  duty. 
I  think  he  originated  the  project  of  raising,  by  subscription, 
a  fund  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  the  aid  of  indigent  students 
seeking  an  education  for  the  ministry. 

"  This  object  he  not  only  conceived,  but  completed  by  his 
own  personal  efforts.  For  this,  as  well  as  for  other  services, 
he  should  be  gratefully  remembered  by  the  college,  by  the 
church,  and  by  the  public. 

"  But  the  religious  influence  of  Dr.  Tyler,  while  president 
of  Dartmouth,  will  never  be  forgotten.  In  the  summer  of 
1825,  the  professor  of  Divinity  was  arrested  by  a  severe  and 
protracted  affection  of  the  lungs.  The  president  at  once  took 
the  services  of  the  sanctuary  ;  and  the  following  spring  term 
was  rendered  memorable  by  a  revival  of  religion,  which  is- 
sued in  adding  to  the  Lord  many  students  and  inhabitants  of 
the  village. 

"  During  his  residence  here  we  had  a  class  of  students  in 
their  professional  studies,  who  wished  to  enter  the  ministry 
earlier  than  they  could  by  entering  a  public  seminary.  We 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  135 

met  with  them  once  in  a  week,  heard  their  dissertations  on 
subjects  that  had  been  assigned,  and  each  of  us  spoke  on  the 
performances,  and  on  the  subjects.  The  young  gentlemen 
were  all  licensed  to  preach  after  about  two  years,  and  became 
useful  ministers  of  the  gospel.  By  these  exercises,  as  well  as 
by  long  intimacy,  I  was  .convinced  that  Dr.  Tyler  had  pecu- 
liarly clear  and  discriminating  views  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel,  and  an  uncommon  facility  in  explaining  and  defending 
them  ;  and  I  have  often  remarked  in  years  past,  that  with 
the  exception  of  my  friend,  Dr.  Woods,  of  Andover,  I  would 
sooner  recommend  him  to  young  men  as  a  teacher  of  Theology 
than  any  other  clergyman  in  the  circle  of  my  acquaintance. 

"  With  many  pleasing  reminiscences,  I  remain  your  friend 
and  brother  in  the  gospel,  ROSWELL  SHURTLEFF." 

Dr.  Asa  D.  Smith  writes  thus  : 

"NEW  YORK,  December  14,  1858. 


.  J.  E.  TYLER,— 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  You  ask  for  my  recollections  of  your  hon- 
ored father,  as  president  of  my  Alma  Mater.  I  regret  that  I 
can  furnish  but  little  in  that  relation.  He  remained  at  the 
head  of  the  institution  some  two  years  only  after  I  was  ma- 
triculated. 

"  The  two  lower  classes  had,  of  course,  much  less  inter- 
course with  him  than  those  more  advanced.  You  could 
doubtless  obtain  more  ample  information  from  those  who 
were  Seniors  under  him,  and  who  had  more  largely  the  benefit 
of  his  instruction.  Such  impressions  as  I  have,  however,  I 
am  happy  to  give. 

"  It  was  when  a  member  of  Kimball  Union  Academy,  in 
preparation  for  college,  if  I  mistake  not,  that  I  first  set  eyes 
on  his  commanding  form,  and  listened  to  the  impressive  tones 
of  his  voice.  That  academy,  as  you  know,  is  about  a  dozen 
miles  from  Hanover.  Not  long  before  the  graduation  of  one 
of  its  classes,  ,he  visited  the  place,  and  preached  'on  the  Sab- 
bath. It  is  not  impossible  that  his  visit  had  some  reference 
to  the  fact  that  there  were  among  us  so  many  candidates  for 
college  life.  It  was,  at  all  events,  well  for  Dartmouth  that  he 
came.  Judging  from  the  influence  on  my  mind,  I  cannot 


136  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

doubt  that  not  a  few  were  the  more  inclined,  for  what  they 
saw  of  him,  to  connect  themselves  with  the  institution  over 
which  he  presided. 

"  It  was  the  year  before  I  entered  college,  I  think,  that  is, 
in  1825-26,  that  Dartmouth  was  blessed  with  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  revivals  of  religion  it  has  ever  enjoyed.  Trans- 
formations of  character  were  wrought  then  which  have  borne 
the  test  of  decades  of  years.  Some  of  the  finest  minds  in  col- 
lege were  brought  under  the  power  of  the  gospel  —  minds 
that  have  since  shone  as  bright  lights  in  the  world. 

"  When  I  entered  the  college,  I  found  him  dignified,  yet 
affable  and  fatherly  in  his  bearing.  His  preaching  then,  as 
we  often  heard  him  in  the  village  church,  was  marked  by  the 
same  simplicity,  clearness,  and  logical  force,  the  same  scrip- 
turalness,  fullness  of  doctrine,  and  evangelical  earnestness, 
that  characterized  his  subsequent  ministrations.  He  preached 
not  to  the  fancy,  but  to  the  conscience  and  the  heart.  He 
confined  not  himself  to  hortatory  appeals,  nor  did  he,  in  any 
wise,  skim  over  the  surface  of  things ;  but,  as  both  rny  notes 
and  recollections  of  his  college  sermons  assure  me,  he  was  a  t 
to  handle,  and  that  vigorously,  the  high  topics  of  theology. 
He  gave  us  not  milk  alone,  but  strong  meat.  Yet  have  I  sel- 
dom known  a  man  so  remarkable  for  making  an  abstruse  sub- 
ject plain  to  every  hearer." 

Rev.  George  Punchard,  of  Boston,  and  Rev.  Nathaniel 
Folsom,  D.  D.,  professor  in  Meadville  College,  Pa.,  have  fur- 
nished their  recollections  respecting  the  revival  in  Dartmouth 
College,  in  the  year  1826,  to  which  allusion  is  made  by  Dr. 
Smith. 

The  former  says  : 

"BOSTON,  February  16,  1859. 
"  REV.  JOHN  E.  TYLER,— 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  Your  venerable  father  was  president  of 
Dartmouth  College  during  my  whole  collegiate  course  —  from 
1822  to  1826.  My  earliest  recollections  of  him  are  those  only 
which  a  thoughtless  boy  of  sixteen  would  be  likely  to  have  of 
a  grave  and  reverend  divine,  and  are  of  little  value. 

"  It  was  not  until  near  the  close  of  my  college  life  that  I 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  137 

began  really  to  know  him.  At  that  time  the  college  was  vis- 
ited by  a  revival  of  religion  of  uncommon  power,  and  my  rev- 
erend president  suddenly  awoke  (at  least  to  my  view)  in  an 
entirely  new  character. 

"  He  came  to  the  students  with  a  power  and  unction  which 
were  quite  irresistible,  and  manifested  a  depth  of  religious 
feeling  for  us  which  made  us  at  once  love  him  arid  admire 
him.  He  seemed  to  have  found  his  appropriate  sphere  of  la- 
bor ;  to  have  got  into  an  atmosphere  which  filled  his  soul  and 
body  with  life  and  energy ;  to  have  work  to  do  which  was 
congenial,  which  he  loved,  and  which  he  knew  how  to  do  as 
few  men  did.  He  was.  at  once  a  son  of  thunder  and  a  son  of 
consolation.  His  discourses,  which  had  always  been  able  and 
instructive,  and  characterized  by  simplicity  of  arrangement 
and  neatness  and  purity  of  style,  had  now  the  additional  at- 
traction of  an  animated  and  energetic  delivery. 

"  And  yet,  perhaps,  the  conference  room  and  the  prayer- 
meeting  were  the  places  in  which,  at  that  time,  Dr.  Tyler 
specially  excelled.  He  was  naturally  rather  heavy  and  leth- 
argic in  his  manner  of  speaking,  and  it  required  a  good  deal 
to  excite  and  warm  him  thoroughly.  But  the  scenes  and  du- 
ties incident  to  a  powerful  revival  of  religion,  in  which  a  hun- 
dred or  more  young  men  were  more  or  less  interested,  sup- 
plied the  necessary  stimulus,  and  the  strong  man  was  fully 
waked  up,  and  in  his  extemporaneous  addresses  particularly, 
poured  out  streams  of  Christian  eloquence  which  he  seldom 
equaled  in  his  more  carefully  prepared  public  discourses,  and 
which  few  men  whom  I  have  ever  heard,  could  excel  or 
equal. 

"  His  labors,  however,  were  not  confined  to  the  pulpit  and 
the  conference  meeting.  He  cheerfully  and  heartily  did  the 
work  of  a  pastor  among  the  students,  going  from  room  to 
room,  instructing  and  exhorting  his  beloved  pupils,  and  pray- 
ing with  them.  He  was  among  us,  not  as  the  grave  and  dig- 
nified head  of  the  college,  but  rather  as  a  loving,  anxious 
father,  seeking  to  instruct  and  save  his  children ;  or,  as  an 
elder  brother,  tenderly  solicitous  for  our  spiritual  welfare. 
He  was  gentle  among  us,  even  as  a  nurse  cherisheth  her  chil- 
dren. And  God,  I  verily  believe,  gave  him  spiritual  children 


138  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

from  among  our  number,  as  the  reward  of  his  fidelity  ;  chil- 
dren who  never  ceased  to  love  him  while  he  lived,  and  who 
will  cherish  his  memory  with  gratitude  to  their  dying 
hours." 

Professor  Folsom  says : 

"  Dartmouth  College  was  fortunate  in  getting  Mr.  Tyler  to 
stand  in  the  line  of  its  excellent  presidents.  Each  of  them 
was  different  from  the  rest  in  special  qualifications,  in  work 
performed,  in  kind  and  force  of  influence  exerted ;  but  each 
did  what  made  his  administration  an  important  period  in  the 
history  of  the  college,  and  .extended  its  fame  and  usefulness. 
Dr.  Tyler  was  inferior  to  none  of  them  in  the  depth  and  ex- 
tent to  which  he  affected  the  character  of  the  students  for 
good,  and  through  them,  wherever  the  Divine  Providence 
called  them  to  live  and  labor,  promoted  the  welfare  of  the 
country  ;  the  enlightenment  and  moral  activity,  and  power, 
and  happiness  of  the  people. 

"  His  splendid  physique,  in  which  he  surpassed  everybody  in 
the  region  ;  his  noble  stature  and  well-proportioned  form  ;  his 
head  finely  poised,  and  around  it  a  halo  of  parental  benignity, 
its  perpetual  and  unfading  crown ;  these  struck  every  one  at 
first  sight,  and  prepossessed  all  in  his  favor.  I  know  of  none 
with  whom  to  compare  him  in  these  respects  except  Ezekiel 
Webster.  In  his  whole  spirit  and  mien,  in  look  and  word 
and  action,  he  was  a  father,  and  his  whole  administration  was 
parental  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word.  This  benignity,  as  we 
learn  from  his  4  Memoir,'  marked  his  subsequent  career  as 
president  of  the  East  Windsor  Theological  School.  His  bi- 
ographer, taking  notice  of  the  fact  that  4  the  perversities  of 
human  nature  make  their  appearance  in  such  institutions  as 
well  as  elsewhere,'  observes  that  '  the  strong  affections  of  the 
father  in  him  occasionally  swayed  the  firmness  of  the  tutor 
and  governor,  and  rendered  him  indulgent  and  yielding  in 
cases  where  there  was  call  for  the  peremptory  and  authorita- 
tive.' In  the  first  two  years  of  our  college  life,  from  the  fall 
of  1824  to  the  spring  of  1826,  two  or  three  instances  of  wrong- 
doing passed  unnoticed  which  perhaps  deserved  such  a  mode 
of  treatment.  There  were,  moreover,  it  is  to  be  confessed, 
irregularities  and  bad  practices  among  students  in  all  the 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  139 

classes  at  that  period,  but  they  were  exceptional,  so  far  as  my 
knowledge  of  them  extended,  and  would  have  required  a  sys- 
tem of  espionage  to  detect  them,  or  informers  from  the  guilty 
ones  themselves.  Dartmouth  however,  at  its  worst,  in  that 
period,  was  not  one  whit  behind  any  other  college  in  New 
England,  in  its  general  tone  of  morals,  in  observance  of  law, 
in  habits  of  study  and  in  scholarly  attainments.  There  were 
not  a  few  whose  sense  of  honor  was  very  high,  and  as  they 
were  popular  and  influential,  they  in  some  degree  necessarily 
gave  tone  to  others.  Nay,  surrounded  by  such  an  atmosphere 
of  benignity  —  of  which  every  student  was  more  or  less  con- 
scious, feeling  it  not  only  in  the  presence  of  the  president,  bat 
also  more  or  less  in  our  connection  with  every  other  officer  of 
the  college  without  exception  —  I  think  there  was  far  less 
tendency  to  excess,  far  less  of  the  irritation  of  inclination 
against  prohibition  of  law ;  and  assuredly  there  was  never 
apparent  a  disposition  to  rebel  from  hope  of  impunity  through 
the  recognized  forbearance  of  our  teachers. 

"  In  the  spring  of  the  year  1826,  a  higher  influence  was 
brought  to  bear,  reinforcing  and  extending  the  moral  element 
throughout  the  college ;  recovering  not  a  few  from  irregular- 
ities of  conduct  and  waste  of  talent ;  awakening  the  religious 
nature;  giving  birth  to  new  motives,  and  leading  many  to 
noble  and  useful  lives.  From  that  period  until  our  class  grad- 
uated in  1828,  I  cannot  recall  an  act  deserving  special  even 
animadversion,  nor  remember  an  instance  of  a  student  obnox- 
ious to  discipline  for  indolent  or  other  censurable  habits. 
But  I  remember  several  young  men  of  exemplary  deportment 
and  distinguished  ability,  among  them  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
who  though  not  publicly  regarded  as  '  subjects  of  the  work,' 
were  greatly  affected,  their  future  being  largely  determined  by 
it.  They  all  subsequently  exhibited  deep  moral  and  religious 
purpose,  and  were  foremost  in  philanthropic  action.  With- 
out the  preaching  of  Dr.  Tyler  as  its  great  instrument,  and 
without  such  a  man  presiding  over  it,  and  guiding  it,  there 
is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  revival  would  have  taken 
place,  or  would  have  been  so  extensive  and  powerful. 

"  It  is  by  looking  at  Dr.  Tyler  from  every  point  of  view  that 
we  alone  can  form  a  just  estimate  of  his  qualities.  His  great- 


140  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

est  power  was  that  of  preacher,  and  he  was  most  at  home  in 
this  office.  He  did  not  seek  it,  but  it  providentially  came  to 
him  in  the  illness  of  Professor  Shurtleff,  the  professor  of  The- 
ology, and  he  retired  from  it  when  in  the  year  1827,  Professor 
George  Howe  succeeded  Professor  Shurtleff.  He  had  risen 
in  it  to  the  very  height  of  the  duty  he  attempted  to  discharge, 
and  was  majestic  in  it.  His  mode  of  delivery  and  gesture 
were  beyond  criticism,  and  at  times  sublime.  I  never  heard 
a  student  speak  of  him  in  this  capacity  without  the  highest 
praise ;  and  his  power  ended  not  simply  in  producing  admira- 
tion, but  in  influencing  his  hearers  to  duty.  The  great  object 
aimed  at  in  his  preaching  was  to  induce  his  hearers  to  be  will- 
ing, unconditionally,  to  do  and  submit  to  the  revealed  Divine 
will.  He  who  succeeds  in  persuading  his  fellow-men  to  faith- 
fully and  perseveringly  try  to  do  this,  does  the  highest  Chris- 
tian work,  and  most  for  the  benefit  of  man.  No  one  who  has 
sat  in  the  presidential  chair  of  Dartmouth,  or  of  any  other 
college,  during  an  equal  length  of  time,  has  done  more  in  this 
direction  than  Bennet  Tyler." 

The  librarian  says : 

"  In  1819,  Isaiah  Thomas  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
presented  the  college  library  470  vo.lumes,  which  were  per- 
haps an  equivalent  for  the  books  recently  lost,  as  Professor 
Haddock  makes  the  statement  that  there  were  probably  no 
more  books  in  1820  than  in  1815.  In  1820  the  Trustees  ap- 
propriated $400.  .The  three  libraries  at  this  time  must  have 
numbered  not  far  from  8,000  volumes.  In  1826,  the  '  Social 
Friends  '  obtained  a  Charter,  and  one  was  granted  to  the 
4  United  Fraternity  '  during  the  following  year.  These  Char- 
ters gave  the  societies  the  right  to  hold  property,  and  transact 
business,  and  made  necessary  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the 
existing  members  in  order  to  dispose  of  the  libraries.  The 
society  libraries  had  been  increasing  more  rapidly  than  the 
college  library,  and  at  this  time  they  had  reached  it  in  size  as 
well  as  exceeded  it  in  practical  value  and  in  circulation.  It 
is  quite  noticeable  that  these  three  libraries  for  the  twenty- 
five  years  following  were  kept  so  nearly  equal,  by  additions 
and  losses,  that  at  no  time  the  number  of  books  actually  upon 
their  shelves  differed  by  more  than  a  few  hundred. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  141 

"  The  work  and  influence  of  the  societies  was  neither  small 
nor  to  be  lightly  estimated,  and  in  that  work  the  libraries  had 
no  small  share.  Professor  Crosby,  in  speaking  of  the  college 
life  of  the  class  of  1827,  says :  4  The  college  library  was  small, 
and  had  been  so  collected  that  it  contained  few  books  which 
either  the  instructors  or  students  wished  to  read.  The  cnief 
dependence  of  the  latter  was  upon  the  society  libraries,  in 
which  they  took  much  pride,  and  to  the  increase  of  which 
they  contributed  with  so  great  liberality  in  proportion  to  their 
means.  During  the  first  years  of  our  course,  the  library  of  the 
"  United  Fraternity  "  occupied  a  place  in  the  north  entry  of 
the  college,  corresponding  to  that  of  the  "  Social  Friends  " 
library  in  the  south  entry.  The  libraries  were  open  only  on 
Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  from  1  to  2  P.  M.,  for  the  delivery 
and  return  of  books,  and  the  students  at  these  times  gathered 
around  the  barred  entrances  to  be  waited  on  in  turn  by  the 
librarians  and  their  assistants.  The  rooms  were  so  small  that 
only  three  or  four  others  were  admitted  at  a  time  within  the 
bar  for  the  examination  of  the  books  upon  the  shelves.  The 
opening  of  the  philological  room  and  of  a  reading-room  about 
the  same  time  by  the  members  of  the  "  Fraternity  "  led  to 
the  great  enlargement  of  the  library  rooms,  and  great  increase 
of  library  advantages,  which  took  place  in  the  latter  part  of 
our  course.  The  aSnple  rooms  were  now  opened  daily,  in- 
stead of  twice  a  week,  for  the  delivery  and  return  of  books.' 

"  The  college  library  is  spoken  of  as,  at  that  time,  being 
open  once  in  two  weeks,  and  occupying  a  narrow  room  on  the 
second  floor  of  the  college." 

The  marked  advance  in  the  course  of  study  and  general  ad- 
vantages of  college  life,  during  this  period,  are  too  well  known 
to  many  living  readers  to  require  especial  notice  in  this  con- 
nection. The  leading  facts  will  be  developed  upon  succeeding 
pages. 

The  following  paragraphs  from  a  member  of  Dr.  Tyler's 
family  are  worthy  of  perusal. 

"  My  first  recollections  of  importance  regarding  Dartmouth 
College  were  my  father's  great  concern  for  its  financial  inter- 
ests. There  was  great  need  of  money  at  this  time  for  new 
buildings  and  scientific  apparatus,  and  no  one  was  found  will- 


142  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ing  to  assume  the  responsibility  of  soliciting  funds  except 
President  Tyler,  who  in  his  vacations  undertook  the  matter, 
and  was  eminently  successful  in  the  work.  When  he  first 
started  upon  his  mission  he  called  upon  the  late  Hon.  Isaac 
Hill,  at  that  time  editor  of  the  New  Hampshire  '  Patriot,' 
which  paper  had  been,  as  some  thought,  opposed  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  college.  This  gentleman  had  attended  a  Com- 
mencement at  Dartmouth,  and  had  an  interview  with  the  new 
president,  and  being  pleased,  had  spoken  highly  of  the  college 
and  its  president  in  his  paper.  This  emboldened  President 
Tyler  to  ask  Mr.  Hill  to  head  the  list  of  subscribers  to  the 
college,  and  to  his  surprise  he  did  so,  pledging  himself  for  one 
hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Hill's  signature  was  worth  many  thou- 
sands of  dollars  to  the  college. 

"  During  one  of  his  winter  vacations,  President  Tyler 
started  with  his  own  horse  and  sleigh  on  his  mission,  going 
through  the  State  of  Vermont  into  New  York.  He  returned 
after  six  weeks'  earnest  and  arduous  labor,  having  been  very 
successful  in  his  mission. 

"  Dr.  Tyler's  invaluable  services  to  the  church  were  con- 
tinued, in  various  spheres,  till  his  death  May  14,  1858,  his 
wife,  Mrs.  Esther  (Stone)  Tyler,  surviving  him  only  one 
week." 


REV.  NATHAN    LORD,  D.  D. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

INAUGURATION  OF  PRESIDENT  LORD. 

REV.  NATHAN  LORD,  D.  D.,  of  Amherst,  New  Hampshire, 
was  elected  the  sixth  president  of  the  college.  We  insert 
entire  his  inaugural  address,  delivered  October  29,  1828. 

"  The  revival  of  learning,  like  that  of  religion,  originally 
effected  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  press,  though  long 
hindered  by  the  successive  political  convulsions  and  changes 
of  the  world,  is  now  evidently  in  the  course  of  rapid  advance- 
ment, and  is  producing  a  deep  and  wide  impression  upon  the 
mass  of  civilized  society.  It  is  pervading  all  classes,  and 
affecting  all  interests.  Its  influence  penetrates  every  public 
and  private  institution,  and  is  exciting  the  best  energies  of 
the  human  mind,  both  to  the  invention  of  new  methods  of  in- 
tellectual cultivation  and  the  application  of  knowledge  to  the 
practical  purposes  of  life.  Fostered  by  the  spirit  of  freedom, 
which  goes  before  to  disenthral  the  mind  from  that  state  of 
servitude  in  which  its  powers  had  been  made  to  minister  to 
ignorant  and  wayward  ambition,  or  still  more  cramping  and 
perverting  superstition,  it  promises  to  gain  an  universal 
ascendency,  and  to  render  all  that  influence  which  had 
been  arrayed  against  it,  henceforth  subservient  only  to  its 
triumphs. 

"  But  it  is  characteristic  of  the  human  mind,  when  set  at 
liberty  from  ancient  prejudices,  and  permitted  to  range  in 
search  of  expected  good,  to  become  extreme  in  its  calculations 
and  projects  of  improvement,  and  to  distract  itself  amidst  the 
variety  of  its  experiments.  And  more  especially  when  its 
enterprises  are  favored  by  the  encouragement  of  wealth,  and 
sustained  by  the  indiscriminate  approval  of  the  multitude. 
It  is  then,  that  overlooking  the  maxims  of  sound  philosophy, 


144  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

and  disregarding  the  safe  lessons  of  experience,  it  is  beguiled 
into  the  adoption  of  untried  theories,  and  wastes  its  strength 
in  the  prosecution  of  plans,  which  are  found  at  length  to 
accord  neither  with  the  constitution  of  our  nature  nor  with 
the  approved  usages  of  society.  I  will  not  say,  that  this  is  a 
great  evil  in  comparison  with  that  state  of  mental  vassalage 
and  inaction  in  which  nothing  is  attempted,  nor  even  con- 
ceived, for  the  true  interests  of  mankind.  For,  the  mind 
unfettered,  will  ordinarily  be  corrected  of  its  mistakes  and 
brought  back  from  its  wanderings,  when  truth  is  the  object 
of  its  aspirations,  and  happiness  is  the  prize  only  of  successful 
effort.  But  we  may  learn  from  this  infirmity  of  our  nature, 
to  be  cautious  in  our  estimates  of  the  good  before  us,  and  to 
use  that  moderation  in  our  endeavors  which  will  leave  us 
nothing  to  regret,  when  their  end  shall  have  been  attained. 

"  It  will  scarcely  be  doubted  that  the  impulse  which  society 
has  received,  particularly  since  the  commencement  of  the  pass- 
ing century,  and  which  has  evidently  been  connected  with 
the  growth  of  freedom  in  this  country,  has  been  attended 
with  many  of  these  excesses,  and  not  the  least  probably  in 
the  department  of  education.  Numerous  adventurers  have  set 
forth  upon  this  field,  with  different  pretensions  indeed,  and 
unequal  advantages,  but  all  large  in  their  expectations,  and 
confident  of  success.  They  have  seemed  to  themselves  almost 
to  realize  the  ideal  good,  to  annihilate  the  space  between  bar- 
barism and  refinement,  to  find  in  relation  to  intellectual  at- 
tainment what  experimental  philosophy  had  sought  in  vain, 
the  mysterious  agent  which  should  transmute  the  baser  metals 
into  gold. 

"  Without  denying  at  all  the  actual  advance  of  learning,  or 
disparaging  the  improvements  which  are  taking  place  in  the 
arrangements  and  administration  both  of  public  and  private 
seminaries,  we  cannot  be  so  fond  (absit  invidia  verbo*)  as  to 
accredit  all  the  inventions  of  this  restless  age.  We  cannot 
suppose  that  paths  so  various,  which  have  been  struck  out  in 
the  heat  of  competition,  and  systems  based  on  principles  and 
conducted  by  methods  so  frequently  differing  from  each  other, 
will  all  conduce  to  the  purposes  for  which  they  are  intended, 
except  as  they  may  excite  more  general  attention  to  the  inter- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  145 

ests  of  education,  and  furnish  materials  of  which  wisdom  and 
experience  shall  at  length  avail  themselves,  to  perfect  truer 
and  more  practicable  systems,  suited  to  the  intellectual  and 
moral  nature  of  man,  and  to  the  various  relations  and  inter- 
ests of  life.  In  this  view,  it  is  evident  that  the  conduct  of 
public  literary  institutions,  at  the  present  time,  is  attended 
with  no  trivial  embarrassments.  That  expansion  of  the  pub- 
lic mind  and  progress  of  society,  which  necessarily  take  place 
in  a  country  favored  with  advantages  of  elementary  instruction 
and  general  information,  will  always  be  creating  just  demands 
upon  the  higher  seats  of  learning,  which  will  task  all  their 
energies,  and  bring  into  requisition  all  their  resources.  The 
mass  of  the  community,  becoming  more  enlightened,  will  call 
for  proportionally  higher  qualifications  in  those  who  are  sent 
out  to  preside  over  the  public  interests,  and  their  progress  in 
influence  will  produce  a  yet  more  powerful  reaction.  But  to 
meet  these  demands  amidst  the  conflicting  sectional  interests 
and  fluctuations  of  public  feeling,  which  are  usually  attendant 
upon  a  state  of  freedom,  to  discriminate  rightly  between  the 
diverse  systems  of  instruction  and  discipline,  which  are  set 
forth  with  such  frequency  and  such  earnestness  of  commenda- 
tion ;  to  keep  so  near  the  public  sentiment  as  not  to  lose  the 
confidence  of  the  community,  and  yet  not  to  follow  it  so  im- 
plicitly as  to  sacrifice  the  more  desirable  good  of  self-approba- 
tion ;  this  is  a  labor  which  can  be  estimated  by  those  only 
who  have  had  the  trial  of  sustaining  it.  Institutions  that 
have  become  venerable  by  age,  powerful  in  resources  and 
patronage,  may  go  forward  to  introduce,  not  only  accredited 
improvements  but  doubtful  changes  ;  and  may  bring  the 
systems,  which  either  the  wise  have  devised,  or  the  popular 
voice  has  required,  to  the  test  of  actual  experiment.  But 
feebler  institutions  cannot  leave  the  ground  of  general  princi- 
ples, which,  however  it  may  be  safer  and  ultimately  more 
subservient  to  their  true  interests,  cannot  always  be  easily 
ascertained,  and  frequently  fails  of  being  approved  amidst 
the  varying  circumstances,  relations,  and  interests  of  society. 

"  The  principle  which  has  generally  obtained  in  regard  to  the 
colleges  of  this  country,  of  making  them  merely  introductory 
to  a  professional  education,  is  one  too  important  in  its  con- 

10 


146  DAKTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

nections  and  results  to  be  hastily  relinquished.  The  corre- 
spondence which  usually  exists  between  the  genius  of  civil 
governments,  and  the  arrangement  of  literary  institutions,  has 
been  very  happily  exemplified  in  our  system  of  schools,  rising 
in  regular  gradation  from  the  primary  to  the  professional,  and 
wisely  accommodated  to  the  public  convenience  and  necessity. 
This  system,  whatever  defects  may  have  existed  in  some  of 
its  practical  operations,  has  been  found,  on  the  whole,  admira- 
bly suited  to  the  condition  of  society.  Its  parts  having  kept 
their  fair  proportions,  each  one  performing  its  peculiar  office? 
and  all  acting  and  reacting  upon  each  other,  it  is  out  of 
question  that  the  results  of  the  whole,  in  the  general  diffusion 
of  knowledge  and  elevation  of  the  public  character,  have  been 
salutary  to  a  degree  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  world  ; 
and  its  general  adoption,  with  modifications  according  to  the 
different  circumstances  of  society,  may  be  contemplated  as 
one  of  the  surest  pledges  of  our  national  prosperity.  Apart 
from  the  multiplied  facilities  of  instruction,  which  upon  this 
system  are  afforded  at  the  cheapest  rate  to  all  who  would 
enjoy  the  benefits  of  education,  that  spirit  of  fair  and  honor- 
able competition,  which  is  necessarily  excited  between  so 
many  kindred  institutions,  would  seem  to  insure  improve- 
ments proportioned  to  the  means  which  are  afforded  them, 
and  prove  a  check  upon  those  abuses  which  have  usually 
attended  establishments  of  more  extended  influence  and  less 
responsibility. 

"  But  it  would  seem  important  to  the  continued  success  of 
this  system,  that  its  several  parts  should  still  be  kept  distinct 
and  subordinate.  I  will  not  say  that  they  may  not  subsist 
harmoniously,  and  be  conducted  usefully  upon  the  same 
ground.  I  will  not  say  that  an  university,  sectional  or  na- 
tional, that  shall,  in  its  separate  colleges  and  halls,  prepare 
our  youth  for  the  various  departments  of  life,  may  not  con- 
sist with  the  spirit  of  our  civil  governments,  and  be  guarded 
against  the  evils  which  have  generally  attended  establish- 
ments so  complicate,  and  of  such  numerous  resort.  However 
this  may  be  judged,  it  will  be  found,  I  apprehend,  the  wisdom 
of  our  scattered  institutions,  to  preserve  their  individuality, 
and  remain  true,  as  to  their  general  regulations,  to  the  pur- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  147 

pose  of  their  foundation.  With  respect,  particularly,  to  the 
arrangements  of  a  college,  it  would  seem  not  less  true  than  in 
regard  to  the  efforts  of  an  individual  mind,  or  the  operations 
of  a  machine,  that  however  numerous  and  various  these 
arrangements  may  be  in  detail,  the  most  beneficial  results 
cannot  be  expected  without  unity  of  design.  Between  that 
kind  of  cultivation  and  discipline  necessary  as  a  foundation 
for  professional  eminence,  and  that  which  is  required  for  suc- 
cess in  mercantile,  mechanical,  or  agricultural  occupation, 
there  is  a  very  natural  and  obvious  distinction.  And  not 
only  is  it  desirable  that  they  who  will  be  successful  mainly 
as  they  shall  be  conversant  with  books,  who  require  to  be 
learned  men,  and  they  whose  concern  lies  principally  in  the 
active  business  of  life,  in  skill  or  labor,  should  have  in  some 
respects  a  different  course  of  study,  but  be  subjected  to  the 
influence  of  different  minds,  and  examples,  and  rules,  and 
scenes,  and  associations,  corresponding  to  the  different  rela- 
tions which  they  will  sustain.  '  Non  omnia  possumus  omnes,' 
is  a  proverb  applicable  both  to  teachers  and  to  pupils,  and 
it  would  forbid  the  supposition,  that  minds  which  act  upon 
others  for  widely  different  purposes,  should  do  it  always  with 
the  best  effect,  or  that  they  who  are  so  acted  upon,  should 
not  sometimes  suffer  injury  from  the  inadequate  or  ill  appro- 
priated influence  that  is  exerted  over  them. 

"  But  the  evils  of  commingling  within  the  walls  of  col- 
lege, and  subjecting  to  the  same  general  influence,  persons  or 
classes,  requiring  a  different  preparatory  training,  would  not, 
probably,  be  greater  than  those  which  would  result  from  an 
attempt  to  carry  collegial  instruction  above  the  simple  ground- 
work of  "the  professions,  and  to  accommodate  the  course  of 
study  and  discipline  to  the  future  intended  course  of  life. 
To  whatever  extent  improvement  should  be  carried  in  the 
preparatory  schools,  of  whatever  qualifications  young  men 
should  be  possessed,  at  the  usual  time  of  admission  to  college, 
their  term  of  residence  here  cannot  reasonably  be  thought  too 
long,  nor  their  facilities  too  ample,  for  general  elementary 
cultivation.  It  were  not  the  worst  of  the  evil  of  providing  for 
professional  education  at  college,  that  the  time  which  should 
be  devoted  to  mental  preparation  would  be  lost,  and  young 


148  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

men  would  go  forth  into  life  unfurnished ;  but  many  minds 
uncertain  and  vacillating  soon  wearied  with  the  dry  elements 
of  one  department,  would  presently  attempt  another  and  a 
third,  and  disgusted,  at  length,  with  all,  would  resign  them- 
selves to  a  stupefying  indolence,  or  a  consuming  licentious- 
ness. The  examples  of  other  times,  when  the  learning  of 
universities  all  had  respect  to  the  future  political  and  eccle- 
siastical relations  of  the  student,  and  these  institutions  became 
little  better  than  panders  to  allied  despotism  and  superstition, 
may  teach  us  to  cultivate  our  youth  in  the  elements  of  gen- 
eral knowledge,  and  impart  vigor  and  force  and  freeness  to 
their  minds,  in  the  course  of  sound  fundamental  study,  before 
they  are  permitted  to  engage  in  any  merely  professional  acqui- 
sitions ;  to  practice  them  well  on  the  broad  threshold  of  sci- 
ence, before  they  are  exposed  to  be  blasted  or  bewildered  by 
the  premature  unfolding  of  its  mysteries.  They  will  then  go 
forward,  prepared,  not  merely  to  acquire  the  technicalities  of 
a  profession,  but  to  investigate  its  essential  principles  ;  to 
avoid  those  ignes  fatui,  which  so  often,  with  the  appearance 
of  truth,  mislead  and  destroy,  and  draw  out  from  the  depths, 
the  living  form  of  truth  itself ;  and  thus  contribute  to  the 
destined  emancipation  of  the  world  from  ignorance,  and  preju- 
dice, and  misrule,  and  the  worse  influence  of  false  philosophy. 
I  would  not  be  extreme  ;  but  when  we  consider  the  controlling 
influence  of  mind  of  those  who  are  accredited  as  the  teachers 
and  guides  of  other  men,  and  how  important  that  this  should 
be  an  influence  of  reason,  of  knowledge,  and  of  truth,  and 
how  slowly  and  carefully  its  foundation  requires  to  be  laid  in 
the  youthful  mind,  we  may  well  dread  to  embarrass  the  pro- 
cess, either  by  any  accidental  impressions  and  associations,  or 
by  prematurely  trusting  to  its  completion.  Nor  should  an 
exception  be  claimed  even  in  favor  of  the  Christian  ministry. 
However  desirable  that  they  who  contemplate  this  office  should 
be  early  qualified  for  the  service  of  God,  and  of  their  fellow 
men,  yet  they  may  not  safely  trespass  upon  college  hours,  by 
anticipating  those  higher  studies,  which  await  them  on  other 
grounds. 

"  I  shall  be  obliged  to  trespass  further  upon  the  time  of  this 
assembly,  while  I  glance  at  a  few  particulars  connected  with 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  149 

the  attainment  of  the  single  end  of  a  collegial  education.  It 
has  been  alleged,  that  the  preparatory  schools  have  frequently 
failed  in  qualifying  the  mind  for  successful  application  to  the 
exercises  of  college.  And  it  has  been  answered,  that  college 
has  sent  out  into  the  schools  inadequate  instructors.  The  evil 
•which  is  admitted  is  probably  on  both  sides,  and  an  obvious 
remedy  will  be  found,  in  stating  and  rigidly  exacting  such 
terms  of  matriculation  as  shall  at  once  bring  into  requisition 
the  most  thorough  preparatory  instruction,  and  provide  that 
such  instruction  may  always  be  obtained. 

1 '  It  is  evident  that,  other  things  being  equal,  those  who,  by 
reason  of  superior  early  advantages,  are  prepared  to  enter 
upon  the  prescribed  exercises  of  college  with  more  readiness 
and  effect  than  others,  will  ordinarily  prosecute  and  finish 
their  course  with  proportionably  higher  reputation.  Indeed, 
to  the  want  of  a  thorough  initiation  into  the  rudiments  of 
learning  may  be  traced  much  of  that  indolence  and  fickleness 
and  easy  yielding  to  temptation,  by  which  the  mind,  untaught 
in  the  labor  of  successful  occupation,  and  discouraged  by  the 
failure  of  its  imprudent  efforts,  is  presently  paralyzed,  and 
lost  to  every  honorable  and  useful  purpose.  If  then  it  may 
be  provided  that  early  instruction  shall  be  more  adequate,  and 
the  mind  of  the  student  shall  be  prepared  to  enter  with  readi- 
ness and  effect  upon  the  studies  of  college,  we  shall  inspire 
him  with  that  confidence  in  his  own  ability  and  endeavors 
which  is  one  of  the  strongest  inducements  to  exertion,  and 
shall  insure  a  degree  of  improvement  limited  only  by  his 
capacity  and  application.  It  may  be  true,  that  some  of  our 
colleges,  by  reason  of  the  temptations  of  poverty,  and  the 
zeal  of  competition,  accommodating  themselves  to  the  con- 
venience of  youth,  have  not  increased  in  their  demands  in 
proportion  to  the  advances  which  have  been  already  made 
in  elementary  instruction.  Such  have  doubtless  mistaken 
their  true  interests.  It  is  believed,  that  those  institutions 
which  shall  lead  in  exacting  the  most  extensive  and  thorough 
preparation,  will  have  a  distinction  and  a  patronage  propor- 
tioned to  the  benefits  which  they  shall  thus  render  to  society. 

"  It  is  of  equal  importance,  that  our  colleges  should  be  fur- 
nished with  the  materials  of  study.  It  was  a  significant 


150  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

maxim,  I  think  of  Juvenal,  that  it  is  a  great  part  of  learning 
to  know  where  learning  may  be  found.  For,  after  ascertain- 
ing the  place  of  treasure,  it  is  usual  to  feel  the  kindling  desire 
of  acquisition,  and  the  mind  at  once  receives  a  corresponding 
impulse  to  exertion.  The  man  who  has  wasted  his  best  days 
in  mental  inaction,  may  feel  himself  so  humbled  amidst  the 
productions  of  genius  and  learning,  which  have  not  instructed 
him,  and  instruments,  of  which  he  knows  not  the  use,  and 
specimens  and  models  whose  properties  and  beauties  he  cannot 
distinguish,  that  he  will  wish  rather  to  retreat  and  forget  his 
poverty,  in  the  gratifications  of  inferior  appetite.  But,  on 
these  same  scenes,  the  fires  of  youthful  unprostituted  ambition 
glow  with  a  new  intensity,  and  the  mind,  here  waking  to  the 
consciousness  of  its  own  energies,  aspires  to  the  elevation  and 
dignity  for  which  it  is  designed.  The  well  stored  library  and 
philosophical  room  and  cabinet,  create  an  atmosphere,  in 
which  it  acts  with  an  unwonted  freedom  and  force,  and 
strengthens  itself  for  the  high  and  laborious  service  to  which 
it  is  devoted. 

"  But,  apart  from  the  influence  of  such  scenes  and  their 
associations,  there  are  more  palpable  reasons,  which  especially 
at  this  day,  call  for  a  great  increase  of  books  and  apparatus 
in  our  literary  institutions. 

"  The  time  has  been,  when  a  few  worn  out  text  books,  de- 
scending from  one  generation  of  students  to  another,  were 
thought  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  a  liberal  education. 
But,  in  that  wider  range  of  investigation,  to  which  the  mind 
is  now  directed,  in  all  departments  of  study,  every  source  of 
information  requires  to  be  laid  open.  It  is  not  the  lesson 
from  a  single  author,  that  is  alone  sufficient  to  be  committed, 
but  the  subject,  of  which  possibly  a  score  have  treated,  that 
requires  to  be  examined  and  understood.  And  neither  can 
the  teacher  nor  the  student  feel  himself  adequate  to  the  ser- 
vices before  him  while  any  valuable  authority,  on  the  broad 
field  of  his  inquiries,  is  not  accessible,  or  any  means  of  illus- 
tration are  unattempted.  But  these  facilities  are  clearly  be- 
yond the  resources  of  individuals,  and  however  voluntary 
associations  of  students  may,  to  some  extent,  compensate  for 
private  inability,  there  is  a  point  beyond  which  public  senti- 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  151 

ment  declares  this  to  be  a  burden  ;  and  it  demands  that  the 
institutions  themselves,  which  proffer  the  benefits  of  education, 
should  supply  the  means  by  which  this  end  is  to  be  attained. 
The  question  between  different  places  of  education,  is  coming 
to  be  decided,  more  frequently,  by  reference  to  the  compara- 
tive advantages  which  they  afford  in  this  respect ;  and,  how- 
ever it  may  be  necessary  that  a  college  should  hold  out  some 
show  of  other  accommodation,  yet  neither  the  convenience  of 
its  situation,  nor  the  splendor  of  its  edifices,  nor  the  number 
and  variety  of  its  departments  and  instructors,  will  be  held  in 
estimation,  without  corresponding  advantages  for  an  extended 
course  of  study. 

"  In  regard  to  a  course  of  study,  it  were  almost  adventurous 
for  one  without  the  advantages  of  experience  on  this  subject, 
to  remark  beyond  what  is  already  obvious,  that  it  should  be 
simply  accommodated  to  the  most  perfect  discipline  and  in- 
struction of  the  mind.  And  yet,  perhaps,  it  were  more  pre- 
sumptuous to  suppose,  that  improvement  in  this  respect  has 
already  reached  its  limits.  The  changes  which  have  taken 
place,  and  are  still  occurring  in  the  methods  of  instruction,  at 
the  preparatory  schools,  may  be  hoped  so  far  to  hasten  the 
development  and  strengthening  of  the  intellectual  powers  as 
that  the  student  may  come,  at  an  earlier  period  of  his  college 
course,  to  that  class  of  studies  which  call  more  immediately 
for  the  use  of  reason,  and  give  it  direction  in  its  inquiries  after 
truth.  The  impulse  which  the  mind  receives  from  an  ac- 
quaintance with  its  own  powers,  and  their  application  to  some 
branches  of  intellectual  philosophy,  is  a  matter  of  general 
experience.  Every  one  recollects  the  pleasure  of  his  first  ac- 
quisitions in  this  department  of  study,  and  the  ardor  with  which 
he  thenceforth  aspired  to  higher  attainments.  He  breathed 
a  free  air,  he  went  forward  with  a  new  confidence,  and  his 
application  to  all  the  duties  before  him  became  more  easy 
and  more  successful.  If,  then,  we  might,  almost  on  the  thresh- 
old of  a  public  education,  habituate  the  mind  to  itself,  and  aid 
it  in  some  of  the  more  simple  essays  of  its  own  powers,  it 
would  seem,  that  we  should  prepare  it  for  the  readier  percep- 
tion of  classic  beauties,  and  for  mastering  more  effectually  the 
elements  of  mathematical,  political,  and  moral  science.  Study 


152  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

in  every  department  ceases  to  be  a  mechanical  process,  when 
the  mind  is  thus  accustomed,  and  then  we  have  assurance  that 
studv  will  be  a  pleasure,  and  that  what  becomes  a  pleasure 
will  be  gain  and  glory. 

"  If  it  were  asked,  whether  any  branch  of  college  study 
might  be  spared,  few,  probably,  would  be  ready  to  affirm. 
However,  in  the  zeal  of  innovation,  the  utility  of  classical 
learning  has  been  decried,  it  is  not  probable  that  the  name  of 
scholar  will  ever  be  awarded  to  one  who  has  not  loved  to  spend 
his  days  and  nights  upon  the  pages  of  antiquity,  nor  drunk  deep 
from  these  original  sources  of  taste,  and  genius,  and  philoso- 
phy. We  believe  it  has  rarely,  if  ever  happened,  that  one  has 
attained  to  a  symmetry  and  finished  excellency  of  character, 
in  the  varieties  of  any  one  department  of  learning,  who  has  not, 
at  least  in  the  early  stages  of  education,  received  inspiration 
from  the  oratory  and  poetry  of  other  times,  when  language 
was  an  index  to  the  passions  and  emotions  of  the  soul,  and 
conveyed,  not  the  names  only,  but  the  properties  of  things, 
the  qualities  of  mind.  The  very  vigor  of  thought  and  power 
of  eloquence  with  which  many,  with  a  parricidal  spirit,  have 
assailed  the  literature  of  antiquity,  were  borrowed  from  its 
stores  ;  and  should  their  schemes  of  reform  prevail  we  might 
fear  that  other  generations,  inheriting  only  their  prejudices, 
without  their  refinement,  would  degenerate  into  comparative 
barbarism,  and  with  that  of  learning,  that  the  light  also  of 
religion  would  be  extinguished.  It  is  the  worst  of  this  spirit 
that  it  would  seal  up  the  treasures  of  heavenly  wisdom,  and 
take  away  the  armor  in  which  we  trust  for  assailing  the  ene- 
mies of  God.  And  however  it  may  be  with  other  interests, 
we  will  hope  that  in  this  respect,  as  well  as  ordinarily  in  all 
others,  the  pulpit  will  prove  a  defence  of  the  true  interests  of 
man.  But,  it  may  be  questioned  whether,  if  the  field  of  labor 
were  narrowed,  and  instead  of  gleaning  as  is  usually  done, 
from  many  writers,  the  student  should  be  more  thorough  in 
his  application  to  a  few  of  the  most  approved,  the  end  of  this 
branch  of  study  would  not  be  as  fully  answered,  and  oppor- 
tunity be  afforded  for  greater  acquisitions  in  the  literature  of 
modern  times.  It  has  been  said,  particularly  in  regard  to  our 
own  language  and  country,  that  the  style  of  writing,  of  con- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  153 

versation,  and  of  public  speaking,  among  educated  men,  gen- 
erally fails  of  that  accuracy,  propriety,  and  refinement  which 
might  reasonably  be  expected  from  their  course  of  preparatory 
and  professional  study.  The  college  is  undoubtedly  the  place 
where  the  evil,  if  it  be  admitted  to  exist,  should  be  corrected. 
And  its  correction  would  be  found  in  the  greater  progress  of 
the  student,  beyond  the  task  of  composition,  to  the  examina- 
tion of  the  most  approved  vernacular  writings.  It  is  not  so 
much  by  his  own  imperfect  attempts  as  by  familiarity  with 
the  nature  and  finished  productions  of  other  minds,  that  he 
may  expect  to  facilitate  his  conceptions,  to  extend  the  circle 
of  his  thoughts,  to  correct  his  judgment  and  his  taste,  and 
thus  increase  the  readiness,  propriety,  and  effect  of  his  future 
efforts.  A  course  of  thorough  reading  and  comparison  of 
accredited  authors,  in  connection  with  occasional  researches 
into  the  history  of  English  literature  and  essays  at  higher 
criticism,  will  probably  do  more  towards  the  accomplishment 
of  polite  scholarship  than  all  the  principles  of  grammar  and 
rhetoric,  however  perfectly  understood,  without  opportunity 
for  such  an  application. 

"  The  actual  instruction  of  college,  and  its  general  economy 
and  administration,  are  subjects,  doubtless,  of  yet  higher  con- 
sideration. But,  in  view  of  the  recent  measures  of  the  Trus- 
tees of  this  institution,  to  advance  its  interests  in  these  partic- 
ulars, remarks  in  this  place,  and  on  this  occasion,  might  be 
judged  unseasonable.  I  shall  be  permitted,  however,  just 
to  allude  to  these  measures,  as  an  evidence  of  the  deep  solici- 
tude with  which  the  institution  is  cherished  by  its  constituted 
guardians,  and  as  a  pledge,  that  in  all  things  which  relate  to 
its  modes  of  government,  discipline,  and  instruction,  they  will 
not  be  backward  to  provide  that  it  shall  answer  the  great 
purposes  of  its  foundation.  And  in  view  of  the  success  which 
already  appears  to  have  attended  the  application  of  these 
measures,  through  the  zeal  of  the  Faculty  of  the  college,  and 
the  commendable  spirit  of  the  students,  the  hope  may  well  be 
encouraged,  that  this  venerable  seat  of  learning,  which  has 
been  the  care  of  Almighty  God,  will  not  fail  of  His  blessing, 
nor  want  the  confidence,  affection,  and  patronage  of  an  intelli- 
gent community. 


154  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  But,  what  is  more  necessary  than  any  other  means  and 
advantages,  and  without  which  the  growth  of  any  literary 
institution  were  to  be  deprecated  as  one  of  the  greatest  of 
evils,  is  the  pervading  influence  of  moral  and  religious  princi- 
ple. The  moral  dangers  of  a  college  life  have  probably  been 
sometimes  enhanced  in  the  representation.  When  the  ar- 
rangement of  duties  is  such  as  to  require  of  the  student  as 
much  use  of  time,  and  a  habit  of  application  as  constant  and 
persevering,  as  are  ordinarily  expected  in  the  employments 
of  active  life,  he  would  seem,  so  far,  in  respect  to  his  principles 
and  his  habits,  to  have  an  advantage  over  others,  inasmuch  as 
intellectual  labor  is,  in  itself,  better  suited  to  refine  and  elevate 
the  affections,  and  removes  one  farther  from  the  scenes  and 
objects  of  temptation.  If  we  add  to  this,  that  the  student  is 
usually  under  a  more  uniform  superintendence,  and  comes 
more  frequently  and  habitually  under  the  influence  of  moral 
precept  and  religious  observances,  and  that  the  fact  of  his 
supposed  dangers  makes  him  more  a  subject  of  parental 
solicitude  and  counsel  and  prayer,  his  advantage  is  still 
proportionably  increased.  And  in  respect  to  those  institu- 
tions where  these  benefits  are  in  the  highest  degree  enjoined, 
it  is  believed  that  the  amount  of  injury  to  the  youth  who  fre- 
quent them  is  less  than  that  which  is  suffered  by  any  equal 
number,  in  any  other  sphere  of  occupation. 

"  It  must,  nevertheless,  be  admitted,  that  there  are  dangers 
to  the  student  in  some  respects  peculiar,  affecting  deeply  the 
principles  of  action,  and  which  require  a  greater  care  to  be 
prevented,  because  of  the  influence  which  he  is  destined  to 
exert  in  future  life.  The  very  cultivation  of  mind  has  fre- 
quently a  tendency  to  impair  the  moral  sensibilities,  to  induce 
that  pride  of  conscious  ability  and  variety  of  attainments, 
which,  as  they  are  most  of  all  affections  offensive  to  God,  so 
they  become,  surely,  though  insensibly,  most  pernicious  in 
their  influence  upon  the  individuals  themselves  who  cherish 
them,  and  contribute  to  poison  those  streams  which  ought  only 
to  carry  abroad  health  and  blessing  to  the  world.  That  spirit 
of  emulation,  also,  which  is  naturally  excited  among  so  many 
aspirants  for  an  honorable  distinction,  too  often  leads,  on  the 
one  hand,  in  those  who  excel,  to  an  overweening  selfishness 


DAETMOUTH   COLLEGE.  155 

and  an  insatiable  ambition,  which,  in  the  course  of  life,  sacri- 
fice all  principle  and  the  highest  interests  of  society  to  private 
gratification  ;  and,  on  the  other,  in  those  whose  hopes  are  dis- 
appointed, to  a  destroying  negligence  and  sensuality.  Nor  is 
it  to  be  denied,  that  the  unsanctified  literature  of  antiquity, 
and  many  of  the  productions  of  our  own  times,  which  have 
the  greatest  power  of  attraction  over  the  minds  of  youth,  can- 
not be  assiduously  cultivated  without  danger  of  corrupting 
the  moral  sentiments,  and  ministering  strength  to  the  wrong 
affections  of  the  mind.  Against  these  evils,  and  others,  more 
immediately  pernicious,  which  are  incident  to  numerous  asso- 
ciations of  youth,  a  moral  influence,  pure,  constraining  and 
habitual,  requires  to  be  exerted.  It  is  now  more  than  ever 
demanded,  and  the  fact  is  most  creditable  to  the  spirit  of  the 
times,  that  a  literary  institution  should  be  a  safe  resort,  and 
no  other  advantages  will,  in  the  common  estimation,  compen- 
sate for  defect  and  failure  in  this  particular.  The  relations 
which  every  individual  student  sustains  to  God  and  to  eternity, 
call  imperiously  and  aloud,  that  the  great  principles  of  moral 
obligation,  the  everlasting  distinctions  between  right  and 
wrong,  the  methods  of  the  Divine  administration,  and  the 
solemnities  of  eternal  retribution,  should  be  kept  before  him, 
in  all  their  significancy,  and  enforced  by  the  constraining 
motives  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  without  which  all  sec- 
ondary authority  and  influence  will  be  comparatively  vain. 
The  relations  also  of  the  whole  body  of  students  to  their 
country  and  the  world  demand,  and  the  admonition  is  sounded 
out  from  every  corner  of  our  land,  from  the  city,  and  the  field, 
and  even  from  the  desert,  that  here  should  be  laid  th'e  founda- 
tion of  those  virtuous  habits,  of  that  reverence  for  God,  and 
practical  regard  for  His  ordinances,  without  which  the  in- 
fluence of  our  educated  men  will  gradually  undermine  the  fair 
fabric  of  our  national  freedom,  and  the  ruins  of  our  country 
will  be  heaped  up  for  an  everlasting  memorial,  that  neither 
liberty,  nor  learning,  nor  wealth,  nor  arts,  nor  arms,  can  stay 
the  decline  of  that  people  among  whom  the  redeeming  spirit 
of  Christianity  has  no  permanent  abode.  I  know,  indeed,  that 
college  is  no  place  for  infusing  or  fostering  sectarian  preju- 
dices, nor  for  preferring  the  weapons  of  sectarian  warfare. 


156  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

No  spirit  of  party  should  walk  abroad  on  this  common  ground. 
No  distinctive  privileges  of  a  denomination  should  here  be 
ever  claimed  or  allowed.  But,  as  none  are  exempted  from 
their  obligations  to  God,  and  none  are  safe  without  His  bless- 
ing, it  is  most  evident  that  this  should  be  the  first  and  last 
of  our  labor  with  those  who  are  themselves  immortal,  and 
whose  influence  is  so  connected  with  the  highest  interests 
of  their  fellow  men,  to  encourage  a  spirit  of  inwrought  piety, 
and  instill  the  lessons  of  practical  obedience.  That  is  the 
noblest  of  all  efforts  which  has  respect  to  the  preparation  of 
mind  for  the  service  of  its  Creator  among  its  kindred  intelli- 
gences, and  for  the  joys  of  an  immortal  life.  And  that  will 
be  a  glorious  consummation  (may  it  be  ours  to  hasten  it) 
when  the  destined  alliance  between  religion  and  learning  shall 
be  perfected,  and  their  united  influence  shall  be  employed, 
and  shall  prevail,  to  raise  a  world  from  ignorance  and  sin 
and  wretchedness,  to  the  dignity  and  the  privilege  of  the  sons 
of  God.  And  let  us  hope,  both  in  regard  to  this  college, 
whose  interests  we  now  cherish,  and  all  other  kindred  institu- 
tions, that  amidst  the  changes  of  society  by  which  they  are 
occasionally  affected,  and  the  adversities  by  which  they  are 
depressed,  we  shall  see  the  vindication  of'  that  rule  of  Provi- 
dence by  which  good  is  always  educed  from  evil.  Let  us  be- 
lieve that  those  prejudices  and  mistakes  and  errors  and 
abuses,  which  are  wont,  in  undisturbed  prosperity,  to  become 
inveterate,  shall  be  done  away ;  that  those  improvements 
which  may  be  expected  to  flow  from  the  influence  of  free  gov- 
ernments and  a  free  Christianity  shall  prevail,  and  shall  con- 
tribute to  make  the  reign  of  liberty  and  knowledge  and 
truth  not  only  universal  in  extent,  but  perpetual  in  dura- 
tion." 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

THE  POLICY  OF  THE  COLLEGE,  ITS  PROGRESS,  AND  ENLARGE- 
MENT UNDER  PRESIDENT  LORD'S  ADMINISTRATION,  FROM 
1828  TO  1863. 

PRESIDENT  LORD'S  official  course  was  marked  by  a  judi- 
cious conservatism. 

In  nothing  was  this  more  conspicuous  than  in  his  treatment 
of  the  matter  of  "  college  honors."  Near  the  close  of  his  ad- 
ministration, the  occasion  requiring,  he  published  a  statement, 
in  which  we  find  the  following  language  : 

"  It  will  be  recollected  that  about  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago  there  arose  a  simultaneous  questioning  among  the  students 
at  most  of  the  New  England  colleges,  in  regard  to  college  ap- 
pointments in  general.  It  was  a  spontaneous  movement  of 
the  young  men,  consequent  upon  an  unusual  religious  awaken- 
ing among  them,  and  seemed  a  common  reaction  of  conscience 
against  a  common  injurious  custom.  The  students  of  this 
college  were  excited  more  than  others.  At  least,  they  were 
more  demonstrative.  By  memorial,  they  unanimously  re- 
quested the  Trustees  to  abolish  the  existing  system. 

"  The  Trustees  gave  great  attention  to  the  request.  Hav- 
ing ascertained  that  the  Faculty  would  readily  try  the  experi- 
ment of  a  change,  although  but  two  of  them  were  convinced 
of  its  utility,  they  set  aside  the  existing  system  of  exhibitions, 
prizes,  assignments,  etc.,  and  ordained  the  present  system, 
which  fully  and  consistently  excludes  the  principle  of  the  old. 
This  action  of  the  Trustees  was  thorough,  consistent,  and 
decisive,  and  was  far  in  advance  of  what  had  taken  place  in 
any  other  institution.  It  gave  great  content  to  the  students. 
It  was  followed  by  many  tokens  of  public  approbation.  The 
Faculty  at  once  found  their  administration  relieved,  simplified, 
and  greatly  facilitated  in  general.  The  college  rapidly  at- 


158  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

tained  to  a  degree  of  patronage  and  prosperity  unprecedented 
in  its  history. 

"  After  a  few  years,  a  severe  outside  pressure  produced  a 
degree  of  anxiety  in  regard  to  the  prudence,  if  not  the  princi- 
ple, of  the  change.  Some  distinguished  alumni  of  the  college, 
and  other  gentlemen,  remonstrated  against  it  as  an  innovation 
not  soundly  moral  and  conservative,  but  radical  and  disorgan- 
izing. They  feared  that  the  college  would  lose  its  tone  and 
dignity  among  learned  institutions.  The  Trustees,  though  not 
convinced,  were  stirred,  and  again  asked  the  judgment  of  the 
Faculty. 

"  The  Faculty  replied,  that,  although  they  had  not,  as  a 
body,  recommended  the  adoption  of  the  new  system,  they  had 
given  it,  as  duty  required,  a  fair  experiment,  and  were  con- 
strained to  say,  that  it  had  turned  out  better  than  their 
expectations.  Notwithstanding  some  inconvenience,  it  had 
obviated  serious  evils,  had  secured  unquestionable  benefits, 
and  had  given  a  decided  impulse  to  the  college.  They  were 
not  prepared  to  advise  its  discontinuance.  Whereupon  the 
Trustees  resolved  to  adhere. 

"Yet,  after  another  short  term  of  years,  changes  having 
occurred  both  in  the  Trustees  and  Faculty,  and  the  outside 
pressure  still  continuing,  the  subject  again  came  under  the 
discussion  of  the  Board.  In  that  instance  it  was  formally 
proposed  by  a  majority  of  the  Faculty.  Some  new  members 
had  been  added  to  that  body,  who  had  had  no  experience,  as 
college  officers,  of  the  old  system.  Others  had  left  it,  and 
some  had  seen  reasons  to  change  their  opinions.  A  large 
majority  requested  that  the  old  regime,  or  something  analogous 
to  it,  should  be  restored. 

"  The  minority  confidently  protested.  They  had  had  ex- 
perience on  both  sides,  and  were  satisfied  that  the  new  system 
had  greatly  the  advantage  of  the  old,  both  in  respect  to  prin- 
ciple and  practical  results. 

"  The  Trustees  gave  the  subject  their  attentive  considera- 
tion, canvassed  conflicting  reasons,  and  still  adhered.  They 
enjoined  it  upon  the  Faculty  to  abide  by  the  new  system,  and 
to  keep  its  principle  inviolate  in  the  college  discipline. 

"  Since  that  time  the  question  has  been  at  rest.     Whatever 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  159 

differences  of  opinion  may  have  existed  in  the  Board  or  in  the 
Faculty,  they  have  not  interfered  with  the  regular  and  faith- 
ful administration  of  affairs  upon  the  prescribed  basis.  The 
college  has  not  suffered.  It  has  not  ceased  to  flourish,  in  re- 
spect to  sound  instruction,  easy  and  effective  discipline,  a 
righteous  order,  thorough  scholarship,  a  liberal  patronage,  and 
an  honorable  position.  It  is  believed  to  be  not  behind  any 
of  its  sister  colleges  in  the  proper  characteristics  of  a  learned 
institution,  even  though  measured  not  by  its  best,  but  its 
average  scholarship,  as  determined  by  lot,  in  the  exercises  of 
the  Commencement.  Its  order  has  become  so  well  settled 
and  understood  in  this  respect,  that  any  reversal  of  it,  princi- 
ple apart,  might  be  attended  with  inconveniences  and  hazards 
more  than  sufficient  to  counterbalance  any  supposed  possible 
or  probable  advantages. 

"But  it  is  eminently  due  to  the  learned  Memorialists 
[Alumni],  and  to  other  friends  and  patrons  of  the  college,  to 
explain  more  fully  the  theory  on  which  the  Trustees  have 
acted,  and  which  applies  equally  to  the  questions  now  in 
hand.  Wherefore  your  Committee  go  on  to  observe,  as  first 
principles : 

"  1.  That  a  college  is  a  public  institution,  designed  and  in- 
corporated to  qualify  young  men  for  leaders  of  the  Church  and 
the  State. 

"  2.  That  the  requisite  qualifications  for  such  leadership  are 
knowledge,  wisdom,  and  virtue.  Accidental  accomplishments 
are  important  in  giving  prominence  and  effect  to  more  sub- 
stantial qualities  ;  but  these  are  fundamental  and  indispensa- 
ble. Without  them  the  public  interests,  so  far  as  connected 
with  college,  have  no  security. 

"  3.  That  these  qualifications  are  valueless  in  separation 
from  each  other ;  and  are  then  likely  to  be  injurious  in  pro- 
portion to  the  degree  of  culture.  Knowledge  without  wisdom 
is  insane  and  mischievous ;  and  both  without  virtue  serve  but 
to  give  greater  energy  and  efficiency  to  those  naturally  de- 
structive elements  which  are  common  both  to  individuals  and 
society.  Virtue  alone,  if  it  could  be  supposed  to  exist  without 
knowledge  and  wisdom,  would  be  but  an  idea,  or  an  emotion, 
and  practically  futile. 


160  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  4.  That  the  organization  and  discipline  of  a  college  con- 
stitute what  we  denominate  its  order ;  and  the  highest  re- 
sponsibility rests  on  its  appointed  guardians,  to  perfect  and 
preserve  this  necessary  order  agreeably  to  the  highest  stand- 
ards that  are  known  among  men. 

"  5.  That  the  ultimate  standard,  binding  on  all  Christian 
educators,  is  the  Scripture ;  and  their  ultimate  responsibility 
is  to  God.  Great  latitude  is  given  thereby  the  State ;  and  they 
are  not  held  accountable  to  the  civil  authorities,  in  the  widest 
exercise  of  their  discretion,  while  they  infringe  not  upon  the 
civil  statutes.  The  State  leaves  them  to  their  own  opinions 
and  policy,  within  the  terms  of  their  chartered  privileges  and 
the  laws  in  general.  The  Church  has  no  control  over  them 
whatever  but  in  respect  to  patronage,  when  they  are  consti- 
tuted as  mere  civil  corporations  ;  and  it  may  not  interfere 
with  them  but  as  individual  men  ;  nor  then,  if  they  happen 
to  sustain  no  individual  and  personal  relations  to  it.  But  the 
State  and  the  Church  are  equally  ordained  of  God  ;  and  all 
educators  are  responsible  to  Him  that  the  comprehensive 
order  of  their  institutions  shall  be  in  agreement  with  the  prin- 
ciples of  His  Word,  and  thereby  subservient  to  the  public  good. 

"  6.  That  the  order  of  a  college  is,  first,  mechanical,  in 
respect  to  its  forms,  arrangements,  and  observances  ;  and, 
secondly,  moral,  in  respect  to  principle. 

"  7.  That  college  mechanism  in  general  should  have  respect 
to  the  most  perfect  development  of  the  powers  of  students, 
and  be  carried  on  with  great  exactness  and  fidelity  ;  that  any 
want  of  symmetry,  proportion,  finish,  balance,  and  executive 
ability,  or  frequent  experimenting  and  change  to  meet  inter- 
nal difficulties,  or  the  humors  and  caprices  of  society,  must 
tend  to  failure  and  dishonor.  But  that  no  mechanism,  how- 
ever organically  perfect  or  judiciously  administered,  that  does 
not  embody  a  righteous  moral  principle,  or  that  cannot  be 
operated  in  consistency  with  it,  can  be  otherwise  than  inju- 
rious in  its  ultimate  results. 

"  Whereupon  your  Committee  propose,  that  a  system  of 
scholarships  and  prizes,  as  such  systems  have  usually  obtained, 
cannot  be  introduced  into  college  mechanism,  or  be  carried  on, 
consistently  with  righteous  principle,  and  favorably  to  virtue 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  161 

in  young  men,  or  to  true  knowledge  and  wisdom,  so  far  as 
these  presuppose  virtue,  and  depend  upon  it." 

In  regard  to  the  views  here  set  forth,  it  is  proper  to  remark, 
that  reasoning  which  had  much  force,  a  score  of  years  since, 
would  possibly  have  less  at  the  present  time. 

In  regard  to  this  period  the  librarian  says : 

"  In  1830,  the  three  libraries  must  have  numbered  in  vol- 
umes between  12,000  and  13,000,  with  slight  difference  in 
numbers,  the  college  library  being  the  largest,  and  the 
United  Fraternity's  the  smallest.  The  first  library  catalogue 
of  the  latter  society  was  printed  previous  to  1840,  and  con- 
tained the  titles  of  4,900  volumes. 

"  In  1840,  the  libraries  obtained  better  accommodations  by 
the  erection  of  Reed  Hall,  which  was  so  far  completed  that  the 
books  were  shelved  just  before  the  Commencement.  They 
were  given  the  second  floor  of  the  building,  an  amount  of 
space  which  then  seemed  to  give  ample  room  for  additions,  as 
the  three  libraries  together  numbered  only  15,000  volumes. 
The  college  library  occupied  the  east  half  of  the  floor,  while 
the  west  side  was  divided  between  the  two  society  libraries. 
The  books  were  first  shelved  against  the  wall,  then  alcoves 
and  cases  were  added  as  long  as  space  remained,  while  for 
several  years  previous  to  the  present  time  the  least  valuable 
books  have  been  removed  to  make  space  for  additions. 

"  In  the  college  library,  borrowers  have  generally  been  ex- 
cluded from  the  rooms  in  which  books  are  kept,  while  the 
reverse  has  been  true  in  the  society  libraries. 

"  In  June,  1841,  the  professors  of  the  college  with  the 
assistance  of  some  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  vicinity  formed  a 
society  since  known  as  the  4  Northern  Academy.'  This  society, 
which  was  afterwards  chartered  and  has  been  continued  in 
different  forms  until  the  present  time,  early  began  the  forma- 
tion of  a  library.  While  many  old  books  have  been  collected, 
its  principal  value  lies  in  pamphlets  and  files  of  newspapers, 
some  of  which  covering  a  number  of  years  extend  back  beyond 
the  Revolution.  This  collection,  now  swelled  to  several  thou- 
sand, has  always  been  in  connection  with  the  college  library, 
although  for  several  years  a  want  of  shelf  room  and  a  greater 
want  of  funds  to  place  it  in  usable  condition,  have  made  it  of 
11 


162  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

little  practical  value.  In  1850,  the  three  libraries  having 
changed  little  comparatively,  numbered  19,000  volumes. 
The  '  Northern  Academy,'  exclusive  of  the  unbound,  had 
over  1,000  volumes,  thus  making  fully  20,000  volumes  ac- 
cessible. A  distinction  must  be  made  between  the  figures 
given  under  the  different  dates  (which  indicate  the  number 
that  were  actually  in  the  libraries),  and  the  number  accord- 
ing to  catalogues.  The  latter  were  made  by  adding  to  former 
lists  the  books  received  during  different  years,  when  in  fact 
the  additions  during  some  of  these  years  did  not  more  than 
make  good  the  losses.  It  frequently  happened  that  ten  per 
cent,  of  the  catalogued  number  could  not  be  accounted  for. 
While  the  society  libraries  have  continued  with  nearly  the 
same  annual  additions  —  an  average  actual  yearly  increase  of 
over  a  hundred  volumes,  —  the  great  growth  of  the  college 
library  has  taken  place  since  1850.  Since  that  year  have 
been  received  the  donations  of  books  for  the  different  depart- 
ments of  instruction  and  the  funds  upon  which  the  constant 
growth  of  the  library  depends.  Of  these  funds  the  first  had 
its  origin  in  1846,  when  Edmund  Parker  of  Nashua,  Isaac 
Parker  of  Boston,  and  Joel  Parker  of  Keene,  gave  $1,000. 
This  was  subsequently  increased  by  the  latter  to  $7,000,  and 
in  his  will  (which  founded  the  Law  School),  provisions  were 
made,  that  will,  when  available,  place  this  fund  at  $20,000. 
In  1852,  Dr.  George  C.  Shattuck,  whose  name  is  associated 
with  the  Observatory,  gave  $1,000  for  the  department  of 
Mathematics  as  applied  to  Mechanics  and  Astronomy.  To 
this  during  the  same  year  he  added  $200  for  Natural  Philoso- 
phy and  Astronomy,  and  $800  for  the  Latin  language  and 
Literature.  At  the  same  time  Dr.  Roswell  Shurtleff,  Emeri- 
tus Professor,  gave  $1,000  for  better  providing  with  books 
the  departments  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy  and 
Political  Economy.  These  three  donations  were  intended 
principally  for  the  use  of  instructors,  and  were  accompanied 
with  restrictions  from  general  circulation.  In  1859,  by  the 
will  of  Dr.  Henry  Bond  of  Philadelphia,  several  hundred  vol- 
umes were  received,  and  provisions  were  made  for  a  library 
fund  which  when  available  will  be  about  $11,000.  The  late 
Hon.  Samuel  Appleton  established  in  1845,  a  fund  which  was 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  163 

increased  in  1854,  and  is  known  as  the  Appleton  Fund.  The 
income  of  this  has  been  partially  applied  to  the  purchase  of 
books  relating  to  Natural  Philosophy." 

"  The  Press  "  in  Hanover  is  worthy  of  notice  in  this  con- 
nection. We  quote  from  a  published  address  by  Professor 
Sanborn : 

"  No  man  lives  in  Hanover  to-day,  who  can  tell  when  any 
newspaper  was  first  printed  in  the  town,  or  when  it  ceased  to 
be  printed.  Even  the  papers  themselves  have  perished. 
Here  and  there,  a  stray  number,  or  possibly  a  bound  volume, 
may  be  found  among  the  useless  lumber  of  an  attic.  There 
was  a  press  in  Hanover,  before  the  close  of  the  last  century. 
It  is  reported  that  a  newspaper  was  published  there  prior  to 
the  year  1799.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  a  copy  of  it.  In 
1799,  Mr.  Webster  delivered  a  Fourth-of-July  oration  before 
the  citizens  of  Hanover,  which  was  published  in  that  town. 
A  eulogy,  by  the  same  orator,  on  a  deceased  classmate,  was 
also  published  the  next  year.  Moses  Davis,  a  citizen  of  the 
place,  began  the  publication  of  the  '  Dartmouth  Gazette/ 
August  27,  1799.  How  long  he  continued  to  edit  and  publish 
the  paper,  I  cannot  certainly  ascertain.  A  paper  bearing  that 
name  was  published  for  at  least  twenty  years.  I  have  a  num- 
ber of  the  4  Dartmouth  Gazette  '  dated  June  23,  1819,  being 
No.  XLIII.,  vol.  19.  The  whole  number  to  this  date  of  the 
paper,  in  this  form,  is  1025.  It  was  then  printed  and  pub- 
lished by  Charles  Spear.  It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  the 
paper  which  originated  with  Moses  Davis,  lived  for  more  than 
twenty  years.  It  was  a  valuable  paper,  containing  a  careful 
summary  of  foreign  news,  sometimes  long  orations  of  English 
statesmen,  and  an  accurate  record  of  local  events.  The  orig- 
inal pieces  were  quite  numerous,  written  by  occasional  con- 
tributors, many  of  them  students  of  the  college.  The  edito- 
rials were  brief  ;  in  fact,  a  majority  of  the  early  numbers 
contain  no  words  which  appear  as  editorial.  The  political 
articles  were  decidedly  favorable  to  the  Federal  party,  but 
moderate  in  tone.  During  the  first  three  years  of  the  exist- 
ence of  this  paper,  Daniel  Webster,  then  a  student,  was  a 
frequent  contributor ;  he  wrote  both  prose  and  poetry,  more 
frequently  the  latter.  The  topics  were  trite,  but  the  thoughts 


164  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

were  always  serious  and  elevated.  In  the  issue  of  December 
9,  1799,  Mr.  Webster  published  a  poem  on  winter  ;  he  was 
then  a  Junior  in  college.  The  European  wars  commanded 
his  attention  and  saddened  his  reflections. 

"  Mr.  Webster  continued  to  write  for  the  paper  after  leav- 
ing college.  In  his  published  correspondence,  there  is  a  letter 
from  the  editor  importuning  him  to  write  the  '  Newsboy's 
Message  '  for  January,  1803.  He  says  :  4 1  want  a  genuinely 
Federal  address,  and  you  are  the  very  person  to  write  it. 
And  this  solicitation,  sir,  is  not  from  me  alone  —  some  of  our 
most  respectable  characters  join  in  the  request.' 

"  The  '  Dartmouth  Gazette '  was  the  champion  of  the  col- 
lege during  the  entire  period  of  its  controversy  with  the  State. 
Many  of  the  ablest  articles  written  in  defence  of  the  college, 
appeared  in  its  columns.  I  regret  that  I  cannot  give  the  en- 
tire history  of  this  useful  paper  ;  it  did  a  good  work  in  its  day, 
and  we  may  now  say  literally,  4  peace  to  its  ashes.' 

"  During  a  portion  of  the  existence  of  the  4  Dartmouth  Ga- 
zette,' while  it  was  edited  by  Charles  Spear,  another  paper  was 
printed  by  Moses  Davis,  called  '  The  Literary  Tablet,'  pur- 
porting to  be  edited  by  Nicholas  Orlando.  Whether  this  is  a 
nomme  de  plume  or  a  real  name,  I  cannot  determine.  Three 
volumes  are  known  to  have  been  published.  It  lived  for  three 
years  at  least.  The  third  volume  dates  from  August,  1805, 
to  August,  1806.  It  was  a  folio  of  four  pages,  three  columns 
to  a  page,  of  about  fourteen  inches  by  twelve  in  size.  It  was 
printed  every  other  Wednesday  for  the  editor. 

"  A  new  paper  appeared  in  Hanover,  June,  1820.  The 
prospectus  was  as  follows  : 

"  4  A  new  weekly  paper  in  Hanover,  N.  H.,  to  be  entitled 
the  "  Dartmouth  Herald."  The  "  Dartmouth  Gazette  "  hav- 
ing been  discontinued,  the  subscribers,  at  the  solicitation  of  a 
number  of  literary  gentlemen,  propose  to  publish  a  paper  un- 
der the  above  title.  Besides  advertisements,  the  "  Herald  " 
will  embrace  accounts  of  our  National  and  State  Legislatures, 
and  the  most  interesting  articles  of  news,  foreign  and  domes- 
tic ;  notices  of  improvements  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  espe- 
cially agriculture  and  the  mechanical  arts  most  practiced  in 
our  own  country ;  and  essays,  original  and  selected,  upon  the 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  165 

mechanical  and  liberal  Arts,  Literature,  Politics,  Morals  and 
Religion. 

" 4  The  original  articles  will  be  furnished  by  a  society  of 
gentlemen;  and  it  is  confidently  expected  will  not  be  un- 
worthy of  the  interesting  subjects,  to  which  a  considerable 
space  will  be  allotted  in  this  paper. 

"  4  BANNISTER  &  THURSTPN. 

"'HANOVER,  April  7,  1820.' 

"  It  was  a  small  folio  of  four  pages,  twenty  by  twelve  inches 
in  size.  It  was  well  filled  with  news  and  original  contribu- 
tions. Its  life  was  brief.  Unfortunately,  no  record  was  made 
either  on  the  printed  page  or  the  faithful  memory,  of  the  date 
of  its  decease,  so  far  as  I  can  learn. 

"  For  several  years  no  periodical  was  published  in  Hanover. 
4  The  Magnet,'  an  octavo  of  sixteen  pages,  edited  by  students 
and  published  by  Thomas  Mann,  appeared  in  1835.  The 
first  number  bears  date  October  21,  1835.  There  seems  to 
have  been  a  rival  paper  contemporary  with  this,  called  '  The 
Independent  Chronicle.'  In  the  November  number  of  the 
'  Magnet,'  we  find  this  allusion  to  it :  '  The  second  number  of 
the  "  Independent  Chronicle "  is  below  criticism.'  In  the 
December  number,  the  '  Magnet '  chronicles  the  demise  of  its 
despised  rival,  with  evident  satisfaction.  In  1837,  another 
student's  periodical  appeared,  called  '  The  Scrap  Book.'  1 
am  unable  to  write  its  history ;  it  was  probably  of  brief  dura- 
tion. In  1839,  the  students  of  Dartmouth  College  originated 
a  literary  periodical  called  '  The  Dartmouth.'  It  was  pub- 
lished, I  think,  for  five  years.  The  editors  were  chosen  from 
the  undergraduates  by  the  Senior  class.  Among  the  editors 
of  1840-41,  were  J.  E.  Hood  and  James  O.  Adams,  both  of 
whom  have  since  gained  honorable  distinction  in  a  wider  field 
of  editorial  labor.  A  few  months  ago,  I  received  as  a  present 
from  B.  P.  Shillaber,  the  witty  and  genial  author  of  the  '  Life 
and  Sayings  of  Mrs.  Partington,'  and  other  humorous  works, 
a  volume  of  fcThe  Dartmouth,'  which  he  received  from  Mr. 
Hood.  It  was  handsomely  bound,  and  labelled  '  Brains '  on 
the  back.  Mr.  Shillaber  says  of  it  in  a  letter,  dated  July  4, 
1872,  '  I  find  that  the  volume  comprises  but  a  half  year  end- 


166  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ing  with  Hood's  editorship  and  graduation.  It  nevertheless 
will  prove  interesting ;  and  it  gives  me  pleasure  to  present  it, 
with  a  delightful  memory  of  Dartmouth  to  commend  the  trifle. 
I  thought  it  might  gratify  you  personally,  as  several  of  your 
effusions  are  contained  in  it.  Poor  Hood  has  crossed  the  dark 
stream  :  he  died  in  Colorado  last  winter.  He  held  you  in  en- 
during regard.  The  title  is  a  boyish  suggestion  ;  but  there  is 
more  evidence  of  "  brains  "  in  it  than  is  to  be  found  in  many 
far  more  pretentious  publications.' 

"  These  remarks  will  apply  with  equal  justice  to  the  entire 
ten  volumes  of  4The  Dartmouth.'  It  was  highly  creditable 
to  the  students  who  originated  and  sustained  it.  '  The  Dart- 
mouth '  was  printed  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Allen,  who  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  periodical  made  several  other  ventures  in  the 
newspaper  line.  Sometime  during  the  year  1840  or  1841,  he 
started  a  paper  called  4  The  Experiment,'  which  was  edited 
by  James  O.  Adams,  then  a  student  in  college.  This  paper 
was  subsequently  issued  in  quarto  form  and  called  '  The 
Amulet.' 

"  In  1841,  a  periodical  called  the  '  Iris  and  Record  '  was 
issued  in  Hanover.  It  was  published  monthty,  in  numbers 
of  thirty-two  royal  octavo  pages,  making  two  volumes  each 
year.  It  was  edited  by  '  an  association  of  gentlemen,'  and 
filled  with  well  selected  and  original  literary  articles.  It 
must  have  had  a  considerable  circulation,  if  we  may  credit  the 
assertion  of  the  editor  of  No.  II.,  vol.  3,  who  says  :  4  We 
doubt  not  there  are  hundreds  of  persons,  whose  names  are  on 
our  subscription  list,  who  might  every  month  contribute  a 
short  article  upon  some  interesting  subject.'  The  '  Iris'  was 
also  printed  by  E.  A.  Allen. 

"  During  the  same  year  an  anti-slavery  paper  was  published 
in  Hanover,  called  4  The  People's  Advocate,'  by  St.  Clair  and 
Briggs.  In  July,  1843,  J.  E.  Hood  became  its  editor,  and 
continued  to  publish  it  for  more  than  a  year,  when  it  was  re- 
moved to  Concord.  '  The  Advocate  '  was  a  spirited  paper  ; 
and  the  editor,  then  a  youth,  showed  himself  an  able,  fearless, 
and  uncompromising  foe  of  slavery,  at  a  time  when  it  required 
great  moral  courage  and  liberal  sacrifices  of  time,  talent,  and 
labor,  to  advocate  the  principles  of  the  Free  Soil  Party.  In 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  167 

February,  1844,  Mr.  Hood  established  a  paper  in  Hanover, 
called  the  'Family  Visitor,'  in  which  he  advocated  the  various 
reforms  of  the  day  ;  and  published  a  variety  of  original  and 
selected  articles  in  prose  and  poetry,  for  the  profit  and  amuse- 
ment of  his  patrons.  On  looking  over  some  of  the  back  num- 
bers, I  find  the  contents  as  lively,  piquant,  and  interesting,  as 
the  best  journals  of  to-day.  Mr.  Hood  was  born  an  editor, 
and  to  the  day  of  his  death  he  performed  well  his  part ;  and 
when  his  Master  bade  him  '  go  up  higher,'  he  left  few  peers 
behind  him  in  his  chosen  vocation." 

Rev.  H.  A.  Hazen,  a  reliable  authority  on  any  historical 
point,  states  that  there  was  a  printing-press  at  Dresden, 
(which  included  the  "  College  District,"  in  Hanover,  and  a 
part  of  Lebanon),  as  early  as  1777.  Mr.  Abel  Curtis'  Gram- 
mar was  printed  there  by  J.  P.  and  A.  Spooner,  in  1779. 
Other  works,  still  extant,  were  printed  by  them  at  about  the 
same  period. 

In  tracing  the  progress  of  the  college  during  President 
Lord's  administration,  we  cannot  more  fitly  conclude,  than  by 
adopting  the  language  of  Mr.  William  H.  Duncan,  who  in  a 
valuable  tribute  to  his  worth  and  his  memory,  says  : 

"  It  was  the  proud  boast  of  Augustus,  that  he  found  Rome 
of  brick  and  left  it  of  marble.  Might  not  President  Lord,  at 
the  time  of  his  resignation,  have  said  without  a  shadow  of 
boasting,  I  found  the  college,  what  its  great  counsel  called  it 
in  that  most  touching  and  pathetic  close  of  his  great  argument 
in  the  College  Case  before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Washington  : 
I  found  it  truly  4  a  small  college  ' ;  it  was  in  an  humble 
condition ;  its  classes  were  small ;  its  finances  embarrassed  ; 
its  buildings  in  a  dilapidated  and  ruinous  condition.  I  left  it 
one  of  the  leading  institutions  of  the  land  !  " 

Fuller  details  on  these  points  will  be  gathered  from  subse- 
quent chapters. 

1  "The  Dartmouth"  having  been  revived  in  1867,  is  now  issued  as  a  Weekly 
Magazine. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

CHARACTER    OF  PRESIDENT  LORD. 

THE  period  of  President  Tyler's  resignation  was  a  most 
critical  one  in  the  history  of  the  college. 

Its  eminent  founder  passed  away  in  the  midst  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary struggle,  leaving  the  frail  bark,  in  which  were  cen- 
tered fond  and  long-cherished  hopes,  tossing  upon  uncertain 
and  dangerous  waters.  A  fearful  storm  was  raging  when  his 
immediate  successor  put  off  the  robes  of  office,  and  a  little 
later  went  "  to  give  account  of  his  stewardship."  Thirteen 
years  had  scarcely  been  sufficient  fully  to  restore  to  a  healthy 
condition  the  discipline  of  the  college,  which  had  been  ma- 
terially weakened  by  the  lack  of  harmony  between  the  second 
president  and  his  associates  in  office. 

Material  aid  was  needed  also  to  provide  better  accommoda- 
tions for  the  students. 

In  common  with  other  colleges,  Dartmouth  needed  most  of 
all,  in  those  trying  times,  a  president  "  rooted  and  grounded  " 
in  the  truth. 

The  multiplication  of  colleges  rendered  it  especially  desira- 
ble, at  this  period,  that  this  college  should  have  a  man  at  its 
head  well  fitted  and  furnished  for  his  work.  In  the  little 
more  than  half  a  century  of  its  existence,  the  number  of  New 
England  colleges,  founded  upon  the  same  religious  faith,  had 
increased  from  three  to  eight,  rendering  the  best  leadership 
necessary  to  meet  the  competition. 

A  more  judicious  selection  could  not  have  been  made  for 
the  sixth  president  of  the  college. 

Rev.  .Nathan  Lord,  the  son  of  John  and  Mehitable  (Per- 
kins) Lord,  was  born  at  Berwick,  Maine,  November  28, 1792, 
and  belonged  to  a  highly  respectable  family.  At  the  early 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  169 

age  of  sixteen,  he  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  in  the  class 
of  1809.  Very  rarely  has  a  student  at  college  the  oppor- 
tunity to  sit  under  the  instruction  of  two  such  men  as  Joseph 
McKeen  and  Jesse  Appleton,  each  of  whom  filled  the  presi- 
dent's chair  two  years,  while  young  Lord  was  a  student. 

After  valuable  experience  as  a  teacher  in  the  Exeter  Acad- 
emy, he  pursued  a  theological  course  at  the  Andover  Seminary, 
graduating  in  1815.  He  had  been  twelve  years  pastor  of  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Amherst  when  called  to  the  presi- 
dency of  Dartmouth,  having  been  for  some  time  a  Trustee. 
In  the  intellectual  strength  and  literary  attainments  of  its 
people,  this  had  been  for  a  long  period  one  of  the  leading 
towns  in  southern  New  Hampshire.  Being  the  county  seat, 
it  was  visited  periodically  by  gentlemen  eminent  in  the  law, 
with  whom  professional  men  resident  in  the  place  would  most 
naturally  have  frequent  intercourse.  At  a  period  when  the 
whole  community  was  profoundly  agitated,  by  the  most  earn- 
est and  important  theological  controversy  in  the  history  of 
New  England,  we  can  readily  understand  that  the  youthful 
preacher  would  have  abundant  opportunity  to  measure  swords 
with  skilled  warriors,  in  the  field  of  religious  debate.  That 
he  wielded  his  weapons,  in  the  discussions  of  that  period, 
with  a  force  indicating  that  he  was  a  man  of  no  ordinary 
mould,  is  a  matter  of  history.  When  he  entered  upon  his 
great  work  at  Dartmouth,  those  who,  as  its  guardians,  had 
called  him  to  it,  cherished  confident  hope  of  his  success. 
Seldom  has  there  been  so  full  a  realization  of  such  hope  in  the 
history  of  American  colleges. 

President  Lord  brought  to  the  accomplishment  of  his  task 
a  fine  physique ;  a  countenance  serene,  yet  impressive  ;  a 
voice  rare  both  for  its  richness  and  its  power ;  a  pleasing, 
almost  magnetic,  dignity  of  mien  ;  a  mind  most  capacious  and 
discriminating  by  nature,  richly  stored  by  severe  application, 
and  thoroughly  disciplined  by  varied  professional  labor ;  and 
a  heart  always  tender,  yet  always  true  to  the  profoundest 
convictions  of  duty.  A  deep,  rich,  and  thorough  religious  ex- 
perience well  fitted  the  graceful  and  earnest  man  to  be  a 
graceful  and  earnest  Christian  teacher.  The  question  of  fit- 
ness for  the  position  as  an  executive  was  soon  settled  beyond 


170  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

the  possibility  of  a  doubt.  It  required  but  a  brief  acquaint- 
ance with  President  Lord  to  teach  any  one,  that  he  fully  be- 
lieved in  the  most  literal  acceptation  of  the  doctrine,  that 
"  the  powers  that  be  are  ordained  of  God." 

A  recognition  of  this  fundamental  law  guided  and  governed 
him  daily  and  hourly  through  all  his  public  life.  When  early 
in  his  administration,  he  discovered  marked  symptoms  of  a 
spirit  of  insubordination  in  the  college,  he  gave  all  concerned 
to  understand  most  fully,  that  it  would  be  his  duty  to  main- 
tain the  supremacy  of  the  law.  There  was  never  any  de- 
viation from  this 'loyalty  to  duty  in  administering  the  dis- 
cipline of  the  college.  No  undue  regard  for  his  own  dignity, 
or  comfort,  or  safety,  deterred  him  from  visiting,  at  any  hour 
of  day  or  night,  the -scene  of  disorder.  When  he  had  been 
more  than  forty  years  an  officer  of  the  college  he  reaffirmed 
his  adherence  to  this  principle,  in  a  most  emphatic  manner, 
when  those  to  whom  he  did  not  deem  himself  responsible 
sought  to  point  out  to  him  the  path  of  duty. 

As  a  teacher  it  was  President  Lord's  province,  chiefly  to 
unfold  the  various  relations  and  obligations  of  man  to  his 
Maker.  In  the  performance  of  this  duty  he  gave  remarkable 
prominence  to  the  Divine  Revelation.  Jealous  for  the  honor 
of  his  great  Master  and  Teacher,  he  was  very  suspicious,  pos- 
sibly too  suspicious,  of  any  intermixture  of  u  man's  wisdom." 
This  habit  may  have  induced  occasionally,  measurable  dispar- 
agement of  worthy  and  eminent  men.  But  the  genial  manner 
and  chastened  tone  invariably  extracted  the  point  from  the 
severest  word,  and  left  upon  the  pupil's  mind  a  profound  con- 
viction that  his  teacher  had  been  "  taught  of  God."  It  may 
well  be  doubted  whether,  of  the  large  numbers  who  graduated 
during  President  Lord's  administration,  any  who  were  brought 
in  close  contact  with  him,  and  listened  with  a  "  willing  mind  " 
to  his  instructions,  failed  to  receive  measurably,  yet  consciously, 
the  impress  of  their  honored  teacher. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  official  records  of  the  Trus- 
tees, are  deemed  worthy  of  insertion  in  this  connection  in 
order  to  a  full  understanding  of  the  circumstances  attending 
President  Lord's  resignation. 

44  Annual  Meeting,  July  1863.  Mr.  Tuck  offered  the  fol- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  171 

lowing,  to  wit :  '  The  undersigned  has  had  his  attention 
called  to  the  accompanying  resolutions  passed  by  the  Merri- 
mack  County  Conference  of  Congregational  Churches,  held 
on  the  23d  and  24th  of  June  last ;  and  he  submits  the  same 
to  the  Trustees,  with  a  motion  that  a  Committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  report  what  action  thereon  ought  to  be  taken. 

•"  '  1.  "  Resolved.  That  the  people  of  New  Hampshire  have 
the  strongest  desire  for  the  prosperity  of  Dartmouth  College, 
and  that  they  rejoice  in  the  wide  influence  this  noble  institu- 
tion has  exerted  in  the  cause  of  education  and  religion. 

44  *  2'.  "  Resolved.  That  we  cherish  a  sincere  regard  for  its 
venerable  president ;  for  the  rare  qualifications  he  possesses  for 
the  high  office  he  has  so  long  and  ably  filled ;  but  that  we 
deeply  regret  that  its  welfare  is  greatly  imperiled  by  the 
existence  of  a  popular  prejudice  against  it,  arising  from  the 
publication  and  use  of  some  of  his  peculiar  views  touching 
public  affairs,  tending  to  embarrass  our  government  in  its 
present  fearful  struggle,  and  to  encourage  and  strengthen  the 
resistance  of  its  enemies  in  arms. 

"  '  3.  "  Resolved.  That  in  our  opinion  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  College  to  seriously  inquire  whether  its  inter- 
ests do  not  demand  a  change  in  the  presidency ;  and  to  act 
according  to  their  judgment  in  the  premises." 

"  Whereupon,  Messrs.  Tuck,  Bouton,  and  Eastman  were 
appointed  a  Committee,  to  report  on  the  subject  aforesaid." 

"  The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  resolutions  of 
the  Merrimack  County  Conference,  respecting  Dartmouth 
College,  made  the  following  Report : 

" 4  The  Committee  have  taken  into  most  respectful  considera- 
tion the  action  of  the  Conference  and  the  sentiment  pervading 
the  churches  of  which  the  resolutions  of  the  Conference  are 
the  expression.  We  do  not  forget,  but  thankfully  avow  the 
debt  of  gratitude  which  has  rested  on  the  college,  throughout 
its  history,  to  the  churches  of  New  England,  and  to  the  pious 
teachings  and  generous  patronage  of  those  included  within 
their  embrace.  We  are  fully  aware  of  the  obligations  of 
science  and  literature,  in  all  past  time,  to  the  clerical  profes- 
sion ;  that  the  countenance  and  support  of  the  clergy  and  the 
churches  have  ever  been  the  chief  reliance  of  this  college,  and 


172  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

that  we  can  hope  for  little  prosperity  or  usefulness  to  the  in- 
stitution in  future,  without  meriting  the  confidence  bestowed 
upon  it  in  the  past.  We  deplore  the  present  condition  of  the 
college  in  respect  to  the  sentiments  entertained  towards  it,  as 
expressed  in  said  resolutions,  and  we  proffer  our  readiness  to 
do  any  act  which  our  intimate  knowledge  of  its  affairs  and 
circumstances  enable  us  to  judge  practicable  and  beneficial. 
Neither  the  Trustees  nor  the  Faculty  coincide  with  the  presi- 
dent of  the  college  in  the  views  which  he  has  published, 
touching  slavery  and  the  war  ;  and  it  has  been  their  hope 
that  the  college  would  not  be  adjudged  a  partisan  institution, 
by  reason  of  such  publications.  It  has  been  our  purpose  that 
no  act  of  ours  should  contribute  to  such  an  impression  upon 
the  public  mind,  inviting  the  public  as  we  do,  to  contribute 
to  its  support,  and  to  partake  of  its  privileges. 

44 '  It  would  be  impracticable  if  it  were  wise  to  embody  in 
this  report  all  the  reasons  which  induce  us  to  propose  no  action 
by  which  the  removal  of  the  president  from  the  head  of  the 
institution  should  be  undertaken  by  the  Trustees ;  and  we 
bespeak  with  confidence  the  favorable  judgment  that  we  act 
discreetly,  from  the  members  of  the  Conference  who  have  ex- 
pressed in  their  resolutions  their  generous  appreciation  of  the 
eminent  ability  and  qualifications  of  the  president  for  .the 
position  which  he  occupies. 

44  4  Yet  the  Committee  do  not  fail  to  see  that  the  present 
crisis  in  the  country  is  no  ordinary  conflict  between  opposing 
parties,  but  is  a  struggle  between  the  government  on  one  side, 
and  its  enemies  on  the  other,  and  that  in  it  are  involved  vital 
issues,  not  only  respecting  science  and  learning,  virtue  and 
religion,  but  also  respecting  all  the  social  and  civil  blessings 
growing  out  of  free  institutions. 

44  4  The  Committee  recommend  that  the  resolutions  of  the 
Merrimack  County  Conference,  this  report  and  the  accom- 
panying resolutions,  be  published  in  pamphlet  forms,  and  that 
the  Treasurer  be  directed  to  cause  the  same  to  be  circulated 
among  the  members  of  said  Conference,  and  other  persons, 
according  to  his  discretion.  AMOS  TUCK. 

N.  BOUTON." 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  173 


1  '  RESOLUTIONS. 

" c  The  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  impressed  with  the 
magnitude  of  the  crisis  now  existing  in  public  affairs,  and  with 
the  vital  consequences  which  the  issue  of  current  events  will 
bring  to  the  nation  and  the  world  ;  and,  considering  that  it  is 
the  duty  of  literary  institutions  and  the  men  who  control  them 
to  stand  in  no  doubtful  position  when  the  Government  of  the 
country  struggles  for  existence  ;  inscribe  upon  their  records, 
and  promulgate  the  following  Resolutions  : 

" 4  First.  We  recognize  and  acknowledge  with  grateful 
pride,  the  heroic  sacrifices  and  valiant  deeds  of  many  of  the 
sons  of  Dartmouth,  in  their  endeavors  to  defend  and  sustain 
the  Government  against  the  present  wicked  and  remorseless 
rebellion ;  and  we  announce  to  the  living  now  on  the  battle- 
fields, to  the  sick  and  the  maimed  in  the  hospitals  and  among 
their  friends,  and  to  the  relatives  of  such  of  them  as  have 
fallen  in  defense  of  their  country,  that  Dartmouth  College 
rejoices  to  do  them  honor,  and  will  inscribe  their  names  and 
their  brave  deeds  upon  her  enduring  records. 

"  l  Second.  We  commend  the  cause  of  our  beloved  country  to 
all  the  Alumni  of  this  Institution  ;  and  we  invoke  from  them, 
and  pledge  our  own  most  efficient  and  cordial  support,  and 
that  of  Dartmouth  College,  to  the  Government,  which  is  the 
only  power  by  which  the  rebellion  can  be  subdued.  We  hail 
with  joy  and  with  grateful  acknowledgments  to  the  God  of 
our  fathers,  the  cheering  hope  that  the  dark  cloud  which  has 
heretofore  obscured  the  vision  and  depressed  the  hearts  of 
patriots  and  statesmen,  in  all  attempts  to  scan  the  future,  may 
in  time  disappear  entirely  from  our  horizon ;  and  that  Amer- 
ican slavery,  with  all  its  sin  and  shame,  and  the  alienations, 
jealousies,  and  hostilities  between  the  people  of  different  sec- 
tions, of  which  it  has  been  the  fruitful  source,  may  find  its 
merited  doom  in  the  consequence  of  the  war  which  it  has 
evoked. 

"  '  Third.  The  Trustees  bespeak  for  the  College  in  the  future 
the  same  cordial  support  and  patronage  of  the  Clergy  and 
Churches  of  New  England,  as  well  as  other  friends  of  sound 
learning,  which  they  have  given  to  it  in  time  past,  reminding 


174  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

them  of  the  obligations  which  the  cause  of  education,  science, 
and  religion  seem  to  lay  upon  them,  to  stand  by  this  vener- 
able Institution,  in  evil  report  and  in  good  report,  in  view  of 
its  past  history  and  great  service  to  the  Church  and  the  State, 
entertaining  an  abiding  faith  that  it  will  triumph  over  all  ob- 
stacles, and  go  down  to  posterity  with  its  powers  of  usefulness 
unimpaired.' 

"  It  was  moved  by  Dr.  Barstow  that  tha  foregoing  Report 
and  Resolutions  be  accepted  and  adopted. 

"  On  the  question  of  adopting  the  report,  two  voted  in  the 
negative  and  five  in  the  affirmative.  On  the  adoption  of  the 
preamble  and  second  resolution,  two  voted  in  the  negative 
and  five  in  the  affirmative,  for  the  first  and  third  resolutions 
the  vote  was  unanimous,  so  the  report  and  resolutions  were 
adopted. 

"  The  president  asked  leave  to  withdraw  for  a  short  time, 
and  Dr.  Barstow  was  requested  to  take  the  chair. 

"  The  President  on  resuming  the  chair  read  to  the  Trustees 
the  following  paper,  to  wit: 

"  'DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE,  July  24,  1863. 

"  '  To  THE  TRUSTEES  OF  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE  : 

"  '  In  making  this  communication  to  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Board  of  Trustees  I  take  the  liberty  respectfully  to  protest 
against  their  right  to  impose  any  religious,  ethical,  or  political 
test  upon  any  member  of  their  own  body  or  any  member  of 
the  College  Faculty,  beyond  what  is  recognized  by  the  Charter 
of  the  institution,  or  express  statutes  or  stipulations  conformed 
to  that  instrument,  however  urged  or  suggested,  directly  or 
indirectly,  by  individuals  or  public  bodies  assuming  to  be  as 
visitors  of  the  college,  or  advisers  of  the  Trustees. 

"  '  The  action  of  the  Trustees,  on  certain  resolutions  of  the 
Merrimack  County  Conference  of  Churches,  virtually  imposes 
such  a  test,  inasmuch  as  it  implicitly  represents  and  censures 
me  as  having  become  injurious  to  the  college,  not  on  account 
of  any  official  malfeasance  or  delinquency,  for,  on  the  contrary, 
its  commendations  of  my  personal  and  official  character  and 
conduct  during  my  long  term  of  service,  far  exceed  my  merits ; 
but,  for  my  opinions  and  publications  on  questions  of  Biblical 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  175 

ethics  and  interpretations,  which  are  supposed  by  the  Trus- 
tees to  bear  unfavorably  upon  one  branch  of  the  policy  pur- 
sued by  the  present  administration  of  the  government  of  the 
country. 

"  '  For  my  opinions  and  expressions  of  opinion  on  such  sub- 
ject, I  hold  myself  responsible  only  to  God,  and  the  constitu- 
tional tribunals  of  my  country ;  inasmuch  as  they  are  not 
touched  by  the  Charter  of  the  college,  or  any  express  statutes 
or  stipulations.  And,  while  my  unswerving  loyalty  to  the 
government  of  my  fathers,  proved  and  tested  by  more  than 
seventy  years  of  devotion  to  its  true  and  fundamental  princi- 
ples, cannot  be  permanently  discredited  by  excited  passions  of 
the  hour,  I  do  riot  feel  obliged  when  its  exercise  is  called  in 
question,  to  surrender  my  moral  and  constitutional  right  and 
Christian  liberty,  in  this  respect,  nor  to  submit  to  any  cen- 
sure, nor  consent  to  any  conditions  such  as  are  implied  in  the 
aforesaid  action  of  the  Board ;  which  action  is  made  more  im- 
pressive upon  me,  in  view  of  the  private  communications  of 
some  of  its  members. 

"  4  But  not  choosing  to  place  myself  in  any  unkind  relations 
to  a  body  having  the  responsible  guardianship  of  the  college,  a 
body  from  which  I  have  received  so  many  tokens  of  confi- 
dence and  regard,  and  believing  it  to  be  inconsistent  with 
Christian  charity  and  propriety  to  carry  on  my  administration, 
while  holding  and  expressing  opinions  injurious,  as  they  im- 
agine, to  the  interests  of  the  college,  and  offensive  to  that 
party  in  the  country  which  they  [the  majority]  professedly 
represent,  I  hereby  resign  my  office  as  president. 

"  '  I  also  resign  my  office  as  Trustee.  In  taking  leave  of  the 
college  with  which  I  have  been  connected,  as  Trustee  or  Pres- 
ident, more  than  forty  years,  very  happily  to  myself,  and,  as 
the  Trustees  have  often  given  me  to  understand,  not  without 
benefit  to  the  college,  I  beg  leave  to  assure  them  that  I  shall 
ever  entertain  a  grateful  sense  of  the  favorable  consideration 
shown  to  me  by  themselves  and  their  predecessors  in  office ; 
and  that  I  shall  never  cease  to  desire  the  peace  and  prosperity 
of  the  college,  and  that  it  may  be  kept  true  to  the  principles 
of  its  foundation.  I  am  very  respectfully, 

"  ;  Your  ob't  serv't, 

" '  N.  LORD.'  " 


176  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

"  Adjourned  Meeting,  September  21, 1863.  Resolved, 4  that 
in  accepting  the  resignation  of  President  Lord,  we  place  on 
record  a  grateful  sense  of  his  services  during  the  long  period 
of  his  administration ;  and  his  kind  and  courteous  treatment 
of  the  Board  in  all  their  intercourse.' ' 

Dr.  Lord  continued  to  reside  at  Hanover,  cordially  co- 
operating with  his  successor  in  office,  till  his  death,  September 
9, 1870.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Elisabeth  King  (Leland)  Lord,  died 
a  few  months  previous  to  her  husband. 


REV.  ASA   D.   SMITH,  D.  D. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  PRESIDENT  SMITH. 

REV.  ASA  D.  SMITH,  D.  DT,  of  New  York  city,  of  the  class 
of  1830,  was  elected  the  seventh  president  of  the  college. 
His  thorough  understanding  of  the  field  upon  which  he  was 
to  enter  is  indicated  by  the  following  extracts  from  his  inau- 
gural address : 

"  There  are  four  chief  organic  forces,  by  which,  under  the 
providence  of  God,  humanity  has  its  normal  development. 
These,  generalizing  broadly,  are  the  family,  the  school,  the 
State,  and  the  Church.  Wherever  you  find,  even  in  its  low- 
est measure,  a  true  civilization,  these  exist ;  and  as  it  rises 
they  rise,  sustaining  to  it  the  relation  both  of  cause  and  effect. 
Concerning,  as  they  do,  one  and  the  same  complex  nature, 
they  have,  in  different  degrees  and  combinations,  the  same 
underlying  elements  of  power.  In  the  family,  we  have,  in  its 
rudimental  form,  both  teaching  and  government.  It  is  a 
patriarchate  —  a  little  commonwealth  ;  and  to  its  head  —  a 
priest  as  well  as  a  patriarch  —  that  Scripture  should  ever  be 
relevant,  4  the  church  that  is  in  thy  house.'  In  the  school, 
the  simplest  offshoot,  perhaps,  from  a  congeries  of  families,  we 
have,  or  ought  to  have,  the  parental  element ;  we  have  magis- 
tracy also,  and  a  certain  statehood  ;  we  have,  or  should  have, 
worship.  The  state,  properly  apprehended,  is  not  only  gov- 
ernmental but  didactic  —  it  is  a  teaching  power ;  and  though 
not,  at  this  age  of  the  world,  theocratic,  it  should  be,  in  a 
large  view,  religious.  In  the  church,  having  specially  and 
predominantly  the  last-named  characteristic,  —  being  of  divine 
appointment,  and  as  ministering  to  our  imperative  needs,  the 
foster-mother  of  devotion,  —  we  have,  also,  as  essential  to  its 
purpose,  both  rule  and  instruction.  And  in  the  influence 
they  wield,  these  great  moulding  agencies  are  perpetually  in- 
terpenetrating and  modifying  each  other. 

12 


178  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  It  is  of  the  second  of  these,  the  school,  that  we  are  now 
called  to  speak.  The  service  we  essay  is  connected  with  an 
educational  institution,  using  the  term  in  the  specific  sense;  a 
fact,  it  may  be  said  at  the  outset,  which  of  itself  dignifies  the 
occasion.  Not  to  insist  on  those  affinities  and  mutual  in- 
fluences just  adverted  to,  and  of  which  there  will  be  further 
occasion  to  speak,  there  is  a  view  of  education,  a  large  and 
comprehensive  one,  which  gives  to  it  the  very  grandest  eleva- 
tion. It  is  the  end,  next  to  that  which  the  good  old  Catechism 
makes  chief,  and  subordinate  to  that,  of  all  the  divine  pro- 
visions and  arrangements.  God  is  the  great  Educator  of  the 
universe.  More  glorious  in  his  didactic  offices  is  He  than  even 
in  creation  ;  nay,  creation  was  for  these.  Earth  is  our  train- 
ing place  —  time  is  our  curriculum  ;  eternity  will  but  furnish 
to  the  true  pupil  the  higher  forms  of  his  limitless  advance- 
ment. We  have  our  lessons  in  all  providence,  in  all  beings 
.and  things,  God  teaching  us  in  and  through  all.  No  mean 
vocation,  then,  is  that  of  the  earthly  educator ;  no  unimpor- 
tant theme  that  now  in  hand.  Yet  even  of  the  school  in  the 
more  technical  sense  of  the  term,  we  cannot  speak  at  large, 
except  as  in  touching  on  any  one  department  we  more  or  less 
affect  every  other.  Our  thought  may  be  fitly  limited  to  that 
class  of  institutions  which  these  ancient  halls  of  learning  and 
these  inauguration  solemnities  naturally  bring  before  us.  The 
college  is  my  subject,  considered  in  its  proper  functions  and 
characteristics. 

"  I  use  the  term  college  in  the  American  sense.  This,  not 
for  the  poor  purpose  of  ministering  to  national  vanity,  but  be- 
cause we  must  needs  take  things  as  they  are  ;  and  for  the  fur- 
ther reason  that  there  is  much  to  commend  in  the  shape  the 
institution  here  assumes.  It  has  hardly  its  prototype  either 
in  the  Fatherland  or  on  the  Continent.  It  has  but  a  partial 
resemblance  either  to  the  German  Gymnasia  or  to  the  Eng- 
lish preparatory  schools,  as  of  Eton  and  Rugby.  As  prelim- 
inary to  professional  study,  it  is  in  some  respects  far  in  ad- 
vance of  these.  It  differs  materially,  at  once  from  the  Ger- 
man and  English  University,  and  from  the  college  as  embraced 
in  the  latter.  University  education  in  Europe  was  once  some- 
what rigidly  divided  into  two  portions  ;  the  one  designed  to 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  179 

form  the  mind  for  whatever  sphere  of  life ;  the  other,  the 
Brodstudium,  as  the  Germans  significantly  term  it,  a  course 
of  training  for  some  particular  profession.  Long  ago,  how- 
ever, this  division  became  mainly  obsolete.  4  On  the  conti- 
nent,' said  an  eminent  English  scholar,  some  years  since,  '  the 
preparatory  education  has  been  dropped;  among  ourselves, 
the  professional.'  He  speaks,  of  course,  comparatively.  So 
far  as  England  is  concerned,  the  same  testimony  is  borne  by 
a  well-informed  recent  observer.  This  ancient  and  wise  di- 
vision is  by  us  still  maintained ;  with  this  peculiarity,  that 
the  4  preparatory  '  education,  so-called,  —  by  which  is  meant 
the  highest  form  of  it,  —  is  the  sole  work  of  the  colleges. 
Professional  culture  is  remitted  to  other  and  often  separate 
schools.  The  undergraduate  course  is  for  general  training  ; 
it  lays  the  foundation  for  whatever  superstructure.  It  has  no 
particular  reference  to  any  one  pursuit ;  but,  like  the  first 
part  of  the  old  University  course,  aims  to  fit  the  whole  man 
for  a  man's  work  in  any  specific  line  either  of  study  or  of 
action. 

"  In  this  conception  of  the  college,  there  are,  it  is  believed, 
important  advantages.  It  is  better  for  preparatory  education  ; 
it  is  better  for  professional.  It  felicitously  discriminates.  It 
keeps  things  in  their  place.  It  defines  and  duly  magnifies 
each  of  the  two  great  departments  of  the  educational  process. 
It  is  likelier  to  dig  deep,  and  build  on  broad  and  solid  rock  ; 
it  tends  to  symmetry  and  finish  in  the  superincumbent  fabric. 
"  The  college  should  be  marked  by  a  completeness.  Re- 
jecting the  fragmentary  and  the  unfinished,  the  well  consti- 
tuted mind  ever  craves  this.  Modern  thought,  especially,  is 
passing  from  an  excessive  nominalism  to  a  more  realistic 
habit ;  by  many  a  broad  induction,  from  mere  details  to  a 
rounded  whole.  And  nowhere  more  persistently  than  in  re- 
lation to  institutions.  The  college  should  be  complete  as  to 
its  objective  scheme.  There  may  be  onesidedness  here. 
There  may  be,  for  example,  an  excessive  or  ill-directed 
pressing  of  utilities,  as  in  the  speculations  of  Mr.  Herbert 
Spencer  ;  or  there  may  be  an  undue  exaltation  of  what  he 
calls  4  the  decorative  element.'  The  theoretic  may  be  too  ex- 
clusively pursued ;  or  there  may  be  a  practicalness  which  has 


180  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

too  little  of  theory,  like  a  cone  required  to  stand  firm  on  its 
apex.  There  should  be  completeness,  also,  as  touching  the 
subjective  aim.  It  should  embrace,  in  a  word,  the  whole 
man,  and  that  not  in  his  Edenic  aspects  alone,  but  as  a  fallen 
being.  You  may  not  overlook  even  the  physical ;  the  casket 
not  merely,  holding  all  the  mental  and  moral  treasures  —  the 
frame-work  rather,  to  which  by  subtile  ties  the  invisible  nia- 
chinery  is  linked,  and  which  upholds  it  as  it  works.  The 
world  has  yet  to  learn  fully  how  dependent  is  the  inner  upon 
the  outer  man,  and  how  greatly  the  highest  achievements  of 
scholarship  are  facilitated  by  proper  hygienic  conditions.  As 
you  pass  to  the  intellectual,  it  matters  little  what  classification 
you  adopt,  whether  with  the  author  of  the  4  Novum  OrganumJ 
in  his  4  Advancement  of  Learning,'  you  resolve  all  the  powers 
into  those  of  memory,  imagination,  and  reason,  or  whether  the 
minuter  divisions  of  a  more  recent  philosophy  are  preferred  ; 
only  be  sure  that  not  a  single  faculty  is  overlooked  or  dispar- 
aged. Be  it  presentative,  conservative,  reproductive,  repre- 
sentative, elaborative,  regulative,  or  whatever  the  fine  Hamil- 
tonian  analysis  may  suggest,  give  it  its  proper  place  and  its 
proper  scope. 

"  The  college  should  be  distinctly  and  eminently  Christian. 
Not  in  the  narrow,  sectarian  sense  —  that  be  far  from  us  — 
but  in  the  broadest  evangelical  view.  Our  course  of  thought 
culminates  here  ;  and  here  does  all  else  that  has  been  affirmed 
find  its  proper  centre  and  unity.  Christianity  is  the  great 
unity.  In  it,  as  was  intimated  at  the  outset,  are  all  the  chief 
elements  of  organic  influence.  It  is  itself  the  very  acme  of 
completeness,  and  it  tends  to  all  symmetry  and  finish.  It  is 
at  once  conservative  and  progressive,  balancing  perfectly  the 
impelling  and  restraining  forces ;  by  a  felicitous  adjustment 
of  the  centripetal  and  centrifugal,  ensuring  to  human  nature 
its  proper  orbit.  It  is  the  golden  girdle  wherewith  every  in- 
stitution like  this  should  bind  her  garments  of  strength  and 
beauty  about  her. 

"  Were  it  needful  to  argue  this  point,  we  might  put  it  on 
the  most  absolute  grounds.  All  things  are  Christ's  ;  all  do- 
minions, dignities,  potences  ;  it  is  especially  meet  that  we  say, 
to-day,  all  institutions.  It  is  the  grossest  wrong  practically 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  181 

to  hold  otherwise.  It  is  loss,  too,  and  nowhere  more  palpably 
than  in  the  educational  sphere.  It  is  no  cant  saying  to  affirm, 
and  that  in  a  more  than  merely  spiritual  sense,  that  in  Christ 
4  are  hid  all  the  treasures  of  wisdom  and  knowledge.'  At  his 
throne  the  lines  of  all  science  terminate  ;  above  all,  the  science 
that  has  man  for  its  subject.  Of  all  history,  for  example, 
rightly  read,  how  is  He  the  burden  and  the  glory  !  Other- 
wise taken,  it  is  a  more  than  Cretan  labyrinth.  The  Christian 
spirit,  besides,  raising  the  soul  to  the  loftiest  planes  of  thought, 
giving  it  the  highest  communions,  bringing  before  it  the  grand- 
est objects,  and  securing  to  all  its  machinery  the  most  har- 
monious action,  is  eminently  conducive  to  intellectual  achieve- 
ment. We  have  already  said  something  like  this  as  touching 
moral  culture;  but  that,  be  it  ever  remembered,  takes  its 
proper  form  and  direction  only  as  it  is  vitally  linked  with 
Christianity.  What  God  has  joined  together  let  not  man  put 
asunder.  Let  the  studies  which  we  call  moral,  have  all  a 
Christian  baptism  ;  and,  with  all  our  getting,  let  us  not  stop 
short  of  the  cardinal  points  of  our  most  holy  faith.  Let  the 
Will  be  still  investigated,  not  as  a  brute  force,  or  in  a  merely 
intellectual  light,  but  in  those  high  spiritual  aspects  in  which 
our  great  New  England  metaphysician  delighted  to  present  it. 
Let  Butler,  with  his  curious  trestle-work  of 'analogy,  bridge, 
to  the  forming  mind,  the  chasm  between  natural  and  revealed 
religion.  Let  the  Christian  Evidences  be  fully  unfolded.  We 
can  hardly  dispense  with  them  in  an  age,  when  by  means  of 
4  Westminster  Reviews,'  and  other  subtle  organs  of  infidelity, 
the  old  mode  of  assault  being  abandoned,  a  sapping  and  min- 
ing process  is  continually  going  forward.  Let  Ethical  Science, 
—  embracing  in  its  wide  sweep  the  Economy  of  Private  Life, 
the  Philosophy  of  Government,  and  Law,  which  4  hath  its  seat 
in  the  bosom  of  God,'  —  be  all  bathed  in  the  light  of  Calvary. 
That  light  is  its  life.  4  Let  us  with  caution  indulge  the  sup- 
position,' said  the  Father  of  our  country,  4  that  morality  can 
be  maintained  without  religion.'  Let  the  Bible  be  included 
among  our  text-books  as  the  sun  is  included  in  the  solar  sys- 
tem ;  and  let  all  the  rest  revolve  in  planetary  subjection  about 
it.  Let  it  be  studied,  not  in  a  professional,  much  less  in  a 
partisan  way ;  but  with  the  conviction  that  it  is  indispensable 


182  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

to  the  broadest  culture  ;  that  without  theology  we  have  but  a 
straitened  anthropology  ;  that  we  see  not  nature  aright,  but 
as  we  look  up  through  it  to  Nature's  God.  Be  ours,  in  its 
largest  significance,  the  sentiment  so  devoutly  uttered  by  the 
old  Hebrew  bard :  '  In  Thy  light  shall  we  see  light.'  And 
let  the  discipline  of  college,  so  intimately  connected  with  its 
prosperity,  be  fashioned  on  the  model  of  the  Gospel.  Let  it 
copy,  in  its  way  and  measure,  the  wondrous  harmonies  of  the 
redemptive  scheme,  in  which  '  mercy  and  truth  are  met  to- 
gether, righteousness  and  peace  have  kissed  each  other.'  So 
shall  it  bless  our  halls  with  some  faint  reflection  of  the  Divine 
fatherhood,  and  give  to  our  society  some  happy  resemblance 
to  a  Christian  family." 

A  prominent  feature  of  President  Smith's  administration 
was  a  greater  utilization  of  the  libraries,  and  the  opening  of 
a  reading-room.  The  librarian  says  : 

"  The  late  Professor  Alphasus  Crosby  contributed  consid- 
erably to  the  increase  of  the  classical  books,  and  Hon.  Nathan 
Crosby  has  recently  furnished  the  means  for  commencing  a 
collection  of  the  works  of  Dartmouth  alumni.  It  is  intended 
to  gather  all  books  and  pamphlets  which  have  been  written 
by  graduates.  The  collection  will  also  include  matter  relating 
to  them  and  to  the  work  of  the  college. 

"  In  reviewing  the  history  of  the  library  their  number  is  so 
great  that  it  is  impossible  to  mention  even  a  small  part  of  the 
benefactors  ;  their  best  record  is  in  the  well  filled  shelves  and 
the  large  amount  of  reading  done  in  connection  with  the  stud- 
ies of  the  college  course. 

*'  One  of  the  departments  of  the  library  consists  of  the  books 
given  by  the  late  General  Sylvanus  Thayer,  founder  of  the 
school  of  engineering,  numbering  2,000  volumes. 

"  Early  in  its  history  the  members  of  the  Chandler  Scien- 
tific Department  founded  the  '  Philotechnic  Society,'  the  li- 
brary of  which,  together  with  some  books  belonging  to  the 
department,  contains  1,700  volumes. 

"  The  three  society  libraries  continued  under  separate  man- 
agement until  1874,  although  the  societies,  as  far  as  literary 
work  is  concerned,  had  for  some  time  given  way  to  the  secret 
societies,  and  the  interest  in  them  was  so  slight  that  only  with 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  183 

great  difficulty  could  a  quorum  be  obtained  for  ordinary  busi- 
ness. During  that  year  an  arrangement  was  made  by  which 
the  three  society  libraries  were  placed  under  the  same  man- 
agement as  the  library  of  the  college,  the  latter  receiving  the 
society  taxes  which  were  slightly  reduced,  assuming  all  ex- 
penses including  the  support  of  the  reading-room,  and  provid- 
ing for  the  increase  of  the  library  by  books  to  be  annually 
selected  by  the  Senior  class.  Under  this  arrangement  the 
different  libraries  have  been  brought  together  and  considered 
as  departments  of  one,  the  hours  for  drawing  and  consulting 
books  have  been  increased  from  three  hours  per  week  in  the 
society  libraries  and  six  in  the  college,  to  twenty-one  hours 
per  week,  and  in  many  respects  the  facilities  for  use  have  been 
greatly  increased.  Since  1870,  the  yearly  additions  for  all 
the  libraries  have  averaged  700  volumes,  and  they  at  present 
contain  exclusive  of  pamphlets  about  45,000  volumes,  besides 
nearly  5,000  books  which  are  either  duplicates  or  worthless. 
These  figures  are  independent  of  the  Astronomical  library 
located  at  the  Observatory,  the  library  of  the  4  Society  of 
Inquiry,'  and  of  the  libraries  of  the  Medical  and  Agricultural 
departments,  which  will  probably  be  connected  with  the  main 
library.  The  library  as  it  is  now  constituted  is  well  adapted 
to  the  work  of  the  college,  and  is  especially  so  in  some  of  the 
departments  of  instruction,  in  connection  with  which  a  large 
amount  of  reading  is  done.  There  are  in  use  at  present  three 
printed  catalogues  :  one  of  the  college  library,  printed  in  1868  ; 
one  of  the  4  Social  Friends '  library,  dated  1859  ;  and  one  of 
the  '  United  Fraternity '  library,  issued  in  1861.  These  are 
supplemented  by  a  card  catalogue  arranged  under  title,  author, 
and  subject." 

The  "  Centennial "  celebration  of  the  founding  of  the  col- 
lege, at  the  Commencement  of  1869,  was  a  season  of  rare  in- 
terest and  profit  to  the  very  large  number  of  alumni  and 
friends  of  the  college  assembled  from  nearly  every  quarter  of 
the  globe. 

The  following  is  the  substance  of  the  address  of  Chief  Jus- 
tice Chase,  who  presided  on  the  occasion,  as  given  by  Mr. 
William  H.  Duncan : 

"  He  began  by  alluding  to  the  fact  that  the  college  received 


184  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

its  charter  from  4  our  right  trusty  and  well  beloved  John 
Wentworth,  Governor  of  the  Province  of  New  Hampshire,' 
and  said  that  the  venerable  name  was  borne,  to-day,  by  an 
honored  citizen  of  Illinois,1  who,  like  his  ancestor,  towered 
head  and  shoulders  above  his  fellow  men.  He  also  happily 
referred  to  the  descendants  of  the  other  founders  of  the  col- 
lege. '  When  the  college  was  organized  the  third  George  was 
heir  to  the  British  throne.  Under  the  great  Empress  Cath- 
erine, Russia  was  prosecuting  that  career  of  aggrandizement 
then  begun  which  is  even  now  menacing  British  empire  in 
the  East.  Under  the  fifteenth  Louis,  in  France,  that  wonder- 
ful literary  movement  was  in  progress,  which  prepared  a  sym- 
pathetic enthusiasm  for  liberty  in  America,  at  length  over- 
throwing, for  a  time,  monarchy  in  France.  China  and  Japan 
were  wholly  outside  the  modern  community  of  nations.  A 
hundred  years  have  passed,  and  what  a  new  order  has  arisen ! 
Great  Britain  has  lost  an  empire,  has  gained  other  empires  in 
Asia  and  Australia,  and  extends  her  dominion  around  the 
globe.  France,  so  great  in  arts  and  arms,  has  seen  an  empire 
rise  and  fall  and  another  empire  arise,  in  which  a  wise  and 
skillful  ruler  is  seeking  to  reconcile  personal  supremacy  with 
democratic  ideas.  Russia,  our  old  friend,  seems  to  withdraw, 
for  the  present,  at  least,  her  eager  gaze  from  Constantinople 
and  seeks  to  establish  herself  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  in 
Central  Asia.  China  sends  one  of  our  own  citizens,  Mr. 
Burlingame,  on  an  embassy  throughout  the  world  to  establish 
peaceful,  commercial,  and  industrial  relations  with  all  the  civ- 
ilized nations.  Japan,  too,  awakes  to  the  necessity  of  a  more 
liberal  policy,  and  looks  toward  a  partnership  in  modern  civ- 
ilization. Who,  seeing  this,  and  reflecting  on  the  manifold 
agencies  at  work  in  the  old  world  and  the  prodigious  move- 
ments in  the  new,  which  I  cannot  even  glance  at,  can  help 
exclaiming,  in  the  language  of  the  first  telegraphic  message 
which  was  sent  to  America,  4  What  hath  God  wrought  ?  ' 
How  great  a  part  has  this  college,  antedating  the  Republic, 
played  in  all  the  enterprises  of  America  !  It  has  been  well 
said  of  it  that  three  quarters  of  the  globe  know  the  graduates 
of  Dartmouth.  Every  State  in  the  Union,  certainly,  is  famil- 
1  Hon.  John  Wentworth,  LL.  D. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  185 

iar  with  their  names  and  their  works,  and  the  influence  which 
they  exert  is  the  influence  of  this  college.  What  an  insignifi- 
cant beginning  was  that  which  has  been  described,  to-day  ; 
—  what  splendid  progress  !  How  great  the  present,  and  who 
can  predict  the  future  ?  Ninety-eight  classes  of  young  men 
have  already  gone  forth  from  this  institution.  Who  can  meas- 
ure the  religious,  the  moral,  the  intellectual,  the  political  in- 
fluence, which  they  have  exerted  ?  Great  names  like  Webster 
and  Choate  rise  at  once  to  memory,  but  I  refer  more  particu- 
larly to  the  mighty  influence  exerted  by  the  vast  numbers, 
unrecognized  upon  the  theatre  of  national  reputation,  which 
the  college  has  sent  into  all  the  spheres  of  activity  and  duty. 
When  I  think  of  the  vast  momentum  for  good  which  has 
originated  here,  and  is  now  in  unchecked  progress,  and  must 
extend  beyond  all  the  limits  of  conception,  I  cannot  help  feel- 
ing that  it  is  a  great  and  precious  privilege  to  be  in  some  way 
identified  as  a  member  of  this  college.  It  does  not  diminish 
my  satisfaction  that  other  graduates  of  other  American  col- 
leges can  say  the  same  thing.  It  rather  increases  the  satis- 
faction. Glad  and  thankful  that  my  name  is  in  the  list  of 
those  who  have  been  educated  here,  and  have  endeavored  to 
do  something  for  their  country  and  their  kind,  I  rejoice  that, 
under  our  beneficent  institutions,  legions  of  Americans  have 
the  same  or  greater  cause  for  gladness/ 

"  After  some  remarks  to  the  graduating  class,  the  Chief 
Justice  said :  '  And  let  me  add,  my  brethren  of  the  alumni, 
a  practical  word  to  you.  We  celebrate  to-day  the  founding 
of  our  college.  We  come  hither  to  testify  our  veneration 
and  our  affection  for  our  benign  Alma  Mater.  We  can  hardly 
think  she  is  a  hundred  years  old,  she  looks  so  fresh  and  so  fair. 
We  are  sure  that  many,  many  blessed  days  are  before  her, 
but  a  mother's  days  are  made  happy  and  delightful  by  the 
love  and  faithfulness  of  her  children.  Much  has  been  done 
for  this  institution,  recently,  much  which  makes  our  hearts 
glad.  The  names  of  the  benefactors  of  the  institution,  men- 
tioned here  to-day,  dwell  freshly  in  the  hearts  of  every  grad- 
uate, and  will  live  forever ;  but  let  us  remember,  that  while 
much  has  been  done,  much  also  remains  to  be  done.  I  do  not 
appeal  to  you  for  charity.  I  wish  that  every  graduate  may 


186  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

feel  that   the  college  is,  in  a  most  true  and  noble  sense,  his 
mother,  and  to  remind  you  of  your  filial  obligations.'  ' 

Addresses  having  been  made  by  Hon.  Ira  Perley,  LL.  D., 
Hon.  Daniel  Clark,  and  Richard  B.  Kimball,  Esq.,  Mr.  Dun- 
can says : 

"  Judge  Chase  called  upon  Judge  Barrett,  Vice  President 
of  the  Association  of  the  Alumni,  to  read  a  poem,  which  had 
been  furnished  for  the  occasion  by  George  Kent,  Esq.,  of  the 
Class  of  1814.  He  had  read  but  a  few  stanzas  when  the 
rumbling  of  distant  thunder  was  heard.  Then  came  a  few 
scattering  drops  of  water  pattering  upon  the  roof  of  the  tent, 
but  soon  the  winds  blew,  and  the  rain  descended  and  fell  upon 
the  roof,  as  if  the  very  windows  of  heaven  had  been  opened. 
There  followed  such  a  scene  as  no  tongue,  nor  pen,  nor  pencil 
can  describe, — it  baffles  all  description.  Judge  Barrett,  with 
the  true  pluck  of  an  Ethan  Allen,  stood  by  his  colors,  and 
the  more  the  wind  blew  and  the  storm  raged,  the  louder  he 
read  his  poetry.  But  he  was  obliged  at  length  to  cease,  and 
with  his  slouched  hat  and  dripping  garments  left  the  stage. 

"  But  he  was  not  alone  in  his  misery.  The  manly  and 
stately  form  of  the  Chief  Justice,  the  president  of  the  col- 
lege, reverend  doctors  of  divinity,  were  all  in  the  same  con- 
dition —  they  all  stood  drenched  and  dripping,  like  fountains, 
in  the  rain.  Even  General  Sherman  had  to  succumb,  once  in 
his  life,  and  seek  the  protection  of  an  umbrella.  Some  hud- 
dled under  umbrellas,  some  held  benches  over  their  heads, 
and  some  crept  beneath  the  platform. 

"  The  storm  passed  over,  and  Judge  Barrett  came  forward 
and  finished  reading  the  poem. 

"  Hon.  James  W.  Patterson,  of  the  Class  of  1848,  was 
then  called  upon,  and  spoke  with  force  and  eloquence,  receiv- 
ing the  greatest  compliment  that  could  be  paid  him,  —  the 
undivided  attention  of  the  audience." 

Addresses  were  also  made  by  Dr.  Jabez  B.  Upham,  Samuel 
H.  Taylor,  LL.  D.,  Rev.  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  D.  D.,  and 
others. 

We  quote  some  of  the  closing  passages  of  the  "  Historical 
Address"  by  President  Brown,  of  Hamilton  College. 

"  There  is  not  much  time  to  speak  of  the  general  policy  of 
the  college  through  these  hundred  years  of  its  life,  but  I  may 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  187 

say  in  brief,  that  it  has  been  sound  and  earnest,  conservative 
and  aggressive  at  the  same  time.  As  the  motto  on  its  seal,  — 
vox  clamantis  in  deserto^  —  indicated  and  expressed  the  relig- 
ious purpose  of  its'  founders,  so  this  purpose  has  never  been 
lost  sight  of.  Through  lustrum  after  lustrum,  and  generation 
after  generation,  while  classes  have  succeeded  classes,  while 
one  corps  of  instructors  have  passed  away  and  others  have 
taken  their  places,  this  high  purpose  of  presenting  and  enforc- 
ing the  vital  and  essential  truths  of  the  Christian  religion,  has 
never  been  forgotten  or  neglected.  The  power  of  Christianity 
in  modifying,  inspiring,  and  directing  the  energies  of  modern 
civilization,  —  its  art,  its  literature,  its  commerce,  its  laws,  its 
government,  has  been  profoundly  felt.  Nor  has  it  for  a  moment 
been  forgotten  that  education,  to  be  truly  and  in  the  largest 
degree  beneficent,  must  also  be  religious,  —  must  affect  that 
which  is  deepest  in  man,  —  must  lead  him,  if  it  can,  to  the 
contemplation  of  truths  most  personal,  central,  and  essential, 
must  open  to  him  some  of  those  depths  where  the  soul  swings 
almost  helplessly  in  the  midst  of  experiences  and  powers 
unfathomable  and  infinite,  —  where  the  intellect  falters  and 
hesitates  and  finds  no  solution  of  its  perplexities  till  it  yields 
to  faith.  Within  later  years  there  have  been  those  who  have 
advocated  the  doctrine  that  education  should  be  entirely  sec- 
ular, —  that  the  college  should  have  nothing  to  do  with  relig- 
ious counsels  or  advice.  Now  while  I  do  not  think  that  this 
would  be  easy,  as  our  colleges  are  organized,  without  leaving 
or  even  inciting  the  mind  to  dangerous  skepticism,  nor  possible 
but  by  omitting  the  most  powerful  means  of  moral  and  intel- 
lectual discipline,  nor  without  depriving  the  soul  of  that  food 
which  it  specially  craves,  and  destitute  of  which  it  will  grow 
lean,  hungry,  and  unsatisfied,  —  as  a  matter  of  history,  no  such 
theory  of  education  has  found  favorable  response  among  the 
guardians  of  Dartmouth.  At  the  same  time  while  the  gen- 
eral religious  character  of  the  college  has  been  well  ascertained 
and  widely  recognized,  while  the  great  truths  of  our  common 
Christianity  have  been  fully  and  frankly  and  earnestly  brought 
to  the  notice  of  intelligent  and  inquiring  minds,  it  has  not 
been  with  a  narrow,  illiberal,  and  proselyting  spirit,  not  so  as 
rudely  to  violate  traditionary  beliefs,  not  so  as  to  wound  and 


188  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

repel  any  sincere  and  truth  loving  mind.  And  this  is  the  con- 
sistent and  sound  position  for  the  college  to  hold. 

"  With  respect  to  its  curriculum  of  studies  the  position  of  the 
college  has  been  equally  wise.  She  has  endeavored  to  make 
her  course  as  broad,  generous,  and  thorough  as  possible  ;  equal 
to  the  best  in  the  land ;  so  that  her  students  could  feel  that  no 
privilege  has  been  denied  them  which  any  means  at  her  dis- 
posal could  provide.  She  has  endeavored  wisely  to  apportion 
the  elements  of  instruction  and  discipline.  She  has  provided 
as  liberally  as  possible,  by  libraries,  apparatus,  laboratories, 
and  cabinets  for  increase  in  positive  knowledge.  She  has 
equally  insisted  on  those  exact  studies  which  compel  subtle- 
ness and  precision  of  thought,  which  habituate  the  mind  to 
long  trains  of  controlled  reasoning,  which  discipline  alike  the 
attention  and  the  will,  the  conservative  and  the  elaborative 
powers.  She  has  given  full  honor  to  the  masterpieces  of 
human  language  and  human  thought,  through  which,  while 
we  come  to  a  more  complete  knowledge  of  peoples  and  nations, 
of  poetry  and  eloquence,  we  feel  more  profoundly  the  life  of 
history,  and  comprehend  the  changes  of  custom  and  thought, 
while  the  finer  and  more  subtle  powers  of  fancy  and  imagina- 
tion stir  within  the  sensitive  mind,  and  gradually  by  constant 
and  imperceptible  inspiration  lift  the  soul  to  regions  of  larger 
beauty  and  freedom. 

"  So  may  she  ever  hold  on  her  way,  undeluded  by  specious 
promises  of  easier  methods,  inuring  her  students  to  toil  as  the 
price  of  success  ;  not  rigid  and  motionless,  but  plastic  and 
adapting  herself  to  the  necessities  of  different  minds ;  yet 
never  confounding  things  that  differ,  nor  vainly  hoping  on  a 
narrow  basis  of  culture  to  rear  the  superstructure  of  the 
broadest  attainment  and  character,  but  ever  determined  to 
make  her  instructions  the  most  truly  liberal  and  noble. 

"  With  no  purpose  of  personal  advantage,  but  with  the  deep- 
est filial  love  and  gratitude  have  we  assembled  this  day.  Of 
all  professions  and  callings,  from  many  States,  from  public 
business  and  from  engrossing  private  pursuits,  —  you,  my 
young  friend  who  have  just  come,  with  hesitation  and  ingenu- 
ous fear,  to  add  your  name  if  you  may,  to  the  honored  rolls 
of  the  college,  and  you  Sir,1  whose  memory  runs  back  to  the 
1  Job  Lyman,  Esq.,  of  the  class  of  1804. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  189 

beginning  of  the  century,  the  oldest  or  nearly  the  oldest  living 
alumnus  of  the  college,  the  contemporary  of  Chapman  and 
Harvey,  and  Fletcher,  and  Parris,  and  Weston,  and  Webster, 
—  you  who  came  from  beyond  the  4  Father  of  Waters,'  and 
you  who  have  retreated  for  a  moment  from  the  shore  of  *  the 
dark  Atlantic  —  you  Sir,1  our  brother  by  hearty  and  affection- 
ate adoption,  who  led  our  armies  in  that  memorable  march  from 
the  mountain  to  the  sea,  which  shall  be  remembered  as  long 
as  the  march  of  the  Ten  Thousand,  and  repeated  in  story  and 
song  as  long  as  history  and  romance  shall  be  written,  and  you, 
Sir,  who  hold  the  even  scales  of  justice  in  that  august  tribunal, 
from  which  Marshall  proclaimed  the  law  which  insured  to  us 
our  ancient  name  and  rights  and  privileges,  unchanged,  un- 
tarnished, unharmed,  —  all  of  us,  my  brothers,  with  one  pur- 
pose have  come  up  to  lay  our  trophies  at  the  feet  of  our  com- 
mon mother,  to  deck  her  with  fresh  garlands,  to  rejoice  in  her 
prosperity,  and  to  promise  her  our  perpetual  homage  and  love. 
Let  no  word  of  ours  ever  give  her  pain  or  sorrow.  Loyal  to 
our  heart  of  hearts,  may  we  minister  so  far  as  we  can,  to  her 
wants,  may  we  be  jealous  of  her  honor,  and  solicitous  for  her 
prosperity.  May  no  ruthless  hand  ever  hereafter  be  lifted 
against  her.  May  no  unholy  jealousies  rend  the  fair  fabric  of 
her  seamless  garment.  May  no  narrow  or  unworthy  spirit 
mar  the  harmony  of  her  wise  counsels.  May  she  stand  to  the 
end  as  she  ever  has  stood,  for  the  Church  and  State,  a  glory 
and  a  defense.  And  above  all  and  in  order  to  all,  may  the 
spirit  of  God  in  full  measure  rest  upon  her  ;  '  the  spirit  of 
wisdom  and  understanding,  the  spirit  of  counsel  and  might, 
the  spirit  of  knowledge  and  of  the  fear  of  the  Lord.' ' 

President  Smith,  whose  character  was  a  rare  union  of  energy 
and  gentleness,  was  preeminently  a  man  of  affairs. 

The  results  of  his  untiring  efforts  to  promote  the  welfare  of 
the  college,  in  various  directions,  will  be  more  fully  developed 
upon  subsequent  pages.  Having  performed  valuable  service 
for  thirteen  years,  he  resigned  his  office,  on  account  of  failing 
health,  March  1,  1877,  and  died  on  the  sixteenth  of  August 
following,  his  wife,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ann  (Adams)  Smith,  surviv- 
ing him. 

1  General*  Sherman  received  the  highest  honorary  degree  of  the  college  in 
1866. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

INAUGURATION  OF  PRESIDENT  BARTLETT. 

REV.  SAMUEL  C.  BARTLETT,  D.  D.,  of  the  Chicago  The- 
ological Seminary,  was  elected  the  eighth  president  of  the 
college.  We  insert  entire  his  inaugural  address,  delivered  at 
the  Commencement,  June,  1877  : 

"  Certain  occasions  seem  to  prescribe  their  own  themes  of 
discourse,  and  certain  themes  are  endowed  with  perpetual 
life.  There  are  problems  with  which  each  coming  genera- 
tion and  each  last  man  grapples  as  freshly  as  the  first. 

"  How  shall  the  ripest  growth  of  the  ages  be  imparted  to 
one  young  soul  ?  Twice,  at  least,  in  a  lifetime,  is  this  great 
question  wont  to  rise  solemnly  before  each  thoughtful  man  — 
when  he  looks  forward  in  youthful  hope,  and  when  he  looks 
back  in  parental  solicitude.  It  is  a  question  of  many  forms 
and  multiplying  answers.  Shall  there  be  a  long,  fundamental 
training,  wide  and  general  ?  or,  shall  it  be  closely  professional  ? 
Shall  it  be  predominantly  classic,  or  scientific,  or  esthetic,  or 
empiric  ?  Many,  or  much  ?  For  accomplishment,  or  for  ac- 
complishing ?  Shall  it  fit  for  the  tour  of  Europe,  or  for  the 
journey  of  life  ?  Masculine  and  feminine,  or  vaguely  human? 
Shall  it  rattle  with-  the  drum-beat,  bound  with  gymnastics, 
court  fame  by  excursive  "  nines  "  not  known  on  Helicon, 
and  challenge  British  Oxford,  alas!  with  its  boat  crew? 
Shall  the  American  College  student  follow  his  option,  or  his 
curriculum  ?  And  shall  the  college  itself  be  a  school  for 
schoolmasters,  a  collection  of  debating  clubs,  a  reading-room 
with  library  attached,  an  intellectual  quarantine  for  the 
plague  of  riches?  or,  a  place  of  close  and  protracted  drill, 
of  definite  methods,  of  prescribed  intellectual  work  ?  Shall 
it  fulfill  the  statement  of  the  Concord  sage,  — '  You  send 


REV.  SAMUEL  C.  BARTLETT,  D.  D. 


J  f 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  191 

your  son  to  the  schoolmasters,  and  the  schoolboys  educate 
him  ? '  or,  shall  a  strong  faculty  make  and  mark  the  whole 
tone  of  the  institution  ? 

"  In  these  and  other  forms  is  the  *same  fundamental  ques- 
tion still  thrust  sharply  before  us.  I.  do  not  propose  to  move 
directly  on  such  a  line  of  bristling  bayonets,  but  to  make  my 
way  by  a  flank  movement  across  this  "  wilderness  "  of  con- 
flict. It  will  go  far  towards  determining  the  methods  of  a 
liberal  education,  if  we  first  ascertain,  as  I  propose  to  do, 
The  Chief  Elements  of  a  Manly  Culture. 

"  Obviously  the  primal  condition  of  all  else  must  be  found 
in  a  self-prompted  activity  or  wakefulness  of  intellect.  The 
time  when  the  drifting  faculties  begin  to  feel  the  helm  of 
will,  when  the  youth  passes  from  being  merely  receptive  to 
become  aggressive,  marks  the  advent  of  the  true  human  era. 
As  in  the  history  of  our  planet  the  first  remove  from  the 
tohu  va-vohu  was  when  the  Spirit  of  God  brooded  on  the 
deep,  and,  obedient  to  the  command,  light  shot  out  from  dark- 
ness, so  in  man  the  microcosm,  the  brooding  spirit  and  com- 
manding purpose  mark  the  first  step  from  chaos  toward  cos- 
mos. The  mechanical  intellect  becomes,  dynamical,  and  the 
automatic  man  becomes  autonomic.  It  may  be  with  a  lower 
or  a  higher  motion.  The  mind  gropes  round  restlessly  by  a 
yearning  instinct ;  it  may  be  driven  by  the  strong  impulse 
of  native  genius  ;  or,  it  may  rise  to  the  condition  of  being  the 
facile  servant  of  the  forceful  will.  When  the  boy  at  Pisa 
curiously  watches  the  oil  lamp  swinging  by  its  long  chain 
in  the  cathedral,  a  pendulum  begins  to  vibrate  in  his  brain, 
and  falling  bodies  to  count  off  their  intervals ;  and  when 
afterward  he  deliberately  fits  two  lenses  in  a  leaden  tube, 
the  moon's  mountains,  Jupiter's  satellites,  and  Saturn's  rings 
are  all  waiting  to  catch  his  eye.  A  thoughtful  meditation  on 
the  spasms  of  a  dead  frog's  leg  in  Bologna  becomes  galvanic. 
The  gas  breaking  on  the  surface  of  a  brewery  vat,  well 
watched  by  Priestley,  bursts  forth  into  pneumatic  chemistry. 
A  spider's  web  in  the  Duke  of  Devonshire's  garden  expands 
in  the  mind  of  my  lord's  gardener,  Brown,  into  a  suspension 
bridge.  A  sledge  hammer,  well  swung  in  Cromarty,  opened, 
those  New  Walks  in  an  Old  Field.  The  diffraction  of  light 


192  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

revealed  itself  to  Young  in  the  hues  of  a  soap-bubble.  As 
the  genie  of  the  oriental  tale  unfolded  his  huge  height  from 
the  bottle  stamped  with  Solomon's  seal,  so  the  career  of  Davy 
first  evolved  itself  out  of  old  vials  and  gallipots.  When  the 
boy  Bowditch  was  found  in  all  his  leisure  moments  snatching 
up  his  slate  and  pencil,  when  Cobbett  grappled  resolutely  with 
the  grammar,  when  Cuvier  dissected  the  cuttlefish  found 
upon  the  shore,  or  Scott  was  seen  sitting  on  a  ladder,  hour 
after  hour,  poring  over  books,  they  will  be  further  heard 
from. 

4 'If  such  instances  illustrate  the  propulsive  force  of  native 
genius,  they  also  indicate  what  training  must  do  when  the 
impulsive  genius  is  not  there.  No  idler  plea  was  ever  en- 
tered for  an  idler  than  when  he  says,  — '  I  have  no  bent  for 
this,  no  interest  in  that,  and  no  genius  for  the  other.'  The 
animal  has  his  habitat,  and  stays  fast.  A  complete  man  is 
intellectually  and  physically  a  cosmopolite.  Till  he  has  gained 
the  power  to  throw  his  will-force  wherever  the  work  summons 
him,  most  of  all  to  the  weak  points  of  his  condition,  till  he 
has  learned  to  be  his  own  task-master  and  overseer,  he  is 
but  a  4  slave  of  the  ring.' 

44  In  most  lines  the  highest  gift  is  the  gift  of  toil.  Indeed, 
men  of  genius  have  often  been  the  most  terrible  of  toilers, 
and  in  the  regions  of  highest  art.  How  have  the  great  mas- 
ters of  music  first  welded  the  keys  of  the  organ  and  harpsi- 
chord to  their  fingers'  ends  and  their  souls'  nerves  before 
they  poured  forth  the  Creation  or  the  Messiah,  the  sympho- 
nies and  sonatas  !  Think  of  Meyerbeer  and  his  fifteen  hours 
of  daily  work ;  of  Mozart's  incessant  study  of  the  masters, 
and  his  own  eight  hundred  compositions  in  his  short  life ;  of 
Mendelssohn's  nine  years  elaboration  of  Elijah.  Or  in  the 
sister  art,  how  we  track  laborious,  continuous  study  in  the 
Peruginesque,  the  Florentine,  and  the  Roman  styles  succes- 
sively of  Raphael,  and  in  the  incredible  activity  that  crowded 
a  life  of  thirty-seven  years  with  such  a  vast  number  of  por- 
traits and  Madonnas,  of  altar-pieces  and  frescoes,  mytholog- 
ical, historical,  and  Biblical.  And  that  still  grander  contem- 
porary genius,  how  he  wrought  by  night  with  the  candle  in  his 
pasteboard  cap,  how  he  had  dissected  and  studied  the  human 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  193 

frame  like  an  anatomist  or  surgeon  before  he  chiseled  the 
David  and  Moses,  or  painted  the  Sistine  chapel,  and  how  the 
planninga  of  his  busy  brain  were  always  in  advance  of  the 
powers  of  a  hand  that,  till  the  age  of  eighty-eight,  was  inces- 
santly at  work. 

"  The  servant  is  not  above  his  master.  The  lower  intellect 
can  buy  at  no  cheaper  price  than  the  higher,  and  the  hour  of 
full  intellectual  emancipation  comes  only  when  the  student 
has  learned  to  serve  —  to  turn  the  whole  freshness  and  sharp- 
ness of  his  intellect  on  any  needful  theme  of  the  hour  ;  it  may 
be  the  scale  of  a  fossil  fish,  or  the  annual  movement  of  a  gla- 
cier, the  disclosures  of  the  spectrum,  or  the  secrets  of  the 
arrow-headed  tongue.  All  great  explorers  have  been  largely 
their  own  teachers,  and  each  young  scholar  has  made  the  best 
use  of  all  helps  and  helpers  when  he  has  learned  to  teach 
himself.  His  emancipation,  once  fairly  purchased,  confers  on 
him  potentially  the  freedom  of  the  empire  of  thought ;  and, 
as  evermore,  the  freeman  toils  harder  than  the  slave.  The 
strong  stimulus  of  such  a  self-moved  activity,  thoroughly 
aroused,  becomes  in  Choate  or  Gladstone  the  fountain  of  per- 
petual youth,  and  forms  the  solid  basis  of  the  titanic  scholar- 
ship of  Germany.  It  stood  embodied  in  the  life  and  motto 
of  the  aged,  matchless  artist  Angelo,  — '  Anoora  imparo,'  I 
am  learning  still. 

"  But  impulse  and  activity  may  move  blindly.  Another 
cardinal  quality  of  such  a  culture,  therefore,  must  be  precis- 
ion —  the  close,  clean  working  of  the  faculties.  A  memory 
trained  to  clear  recollection,  what  a  saving  of  reiterated  labor 
and  of  annoying  helplessness.  A  discrimination  sharpened 
to  the  nicest  discernment  of  things  that  differ,  though  always 
a  shining  mark  for  the  arrow  of  the  satirist,  will  outlive  all 
shots  with  his  gray-goose  shaft ;  for  it  shines  with  the  gleam 
of  tempered  steel.  An  exactness  of  knowledge  that  defines 
all  its  landmarks,  how  is  it  master  of  the  situation.  A  pre- 
cision of  speech,  born  of  clear  thinking,  what  controversial 
battlefields  of  sulphurous  smoke  and  scattering  fire  might  it 
prevent.  He  has  been  called  a  public  benefactor  who  makes 
two  blades  of  grass  grow  where  one  grew  before.  He  is  as 
great  a  benefactor,  who  in  an  age  of  verbiage  makes  one  word 

13 


194  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

perform  the  function  of  two.  Wonderful  is  the  precision 
with  which  this  mental  mechanism  may  be  made  to  work. 
Some  men  can  even  think  their  best  on  their  feet  in  the  pres- 
ence of  a  great  assembly.  There  are  others  whose  spon- 
taneous thoughts  move  by  informal  syllogisms.  Emmons 
sometimes  laid  off  his  common  utterances  like  the  heads  of  a 
discourse.  Johnson's  retorts  exploded  like  a  musket,  and 
often  struck  like  a  musket-ball.  John  Hunter  fairly  com- 
pared his  own  mind  to  a  bee-hive,  all  in  a  hum,  but  the  hum 
of  industry  and  order  and  achievement.  It  reminds  us,  by 
contrast,  of  other  minds  formed  upon  the  model  of  the  wasp's 
nest,  with  a  superabundance  of  hum  and  sting  without,  and 
no  honey  within.  It  was  of  the  voluminous  works  of  a  dis- 
tinguished author  that  Robert  Hall  remarked,  —  fc  They  are 
a  continent  of  mud,  sir.'  Nuisances  of  literature  are  the  men 
who  fill  the  air  with  smoke,  relieved  by  no  clear  blaze  of 
light.  There  have  been  schools  of  thought  that  were  as 
smoky  as  Pittsburg.  We  have  had  '  seers  '  who  made  others 
see  nothing,  men  of  4  insight '  with  no  outlook,  scientists  who 
in  every  critical  argument  jumped  the  track  of  true  science, 
and  preachers  whose  hazy  thoughts  and  utterances  flickered 
between  truth  and  error.  Pity  there  were  not  some  intellec- 
tual Sing-Sing  for  the  culprit ! 

"  How  refreshing,  on  the  other  hand,  to  follow  the  clear 
unfolding  of  the  silken  threads  of  thought  that  lie  side  by 
side,  single  and  in  knots  and  skeins,  but  never  tangled. 
What  a  beautiful  process  was  an  investigation  by  Faraday  in 
electro-magnetism,  as  he  combined  his  apparatus,  manipulated 
his  material,  narrowed  his  search,  eliminated  his  sources  of 
error,  and  drew  his  careful  conclusions.  With  similar  persis- 
tent acuteness,  in  the  field  of  Biblical  investigation,  how  does 
Zumpt,  by  an  exhaustive  exclusion  and  combination,  at  length 
make  the  annals  of  Tacitus  shake  hands  with  the  gospel  of 
Luke  over  the  taxing  of  Cyrenius.  In  metaphysics,  how 
matchless  the  razor-like  acuteness  with  which  Hamilton  could 
distinguish,  divide,  and  clear  up  the  questions  that  lay  piled 
in  confused  heaps  over  the  subject  of  perception.  What  can 
be  more  admirable  than  the  workings  of  the  trained  legal  or 
rather  judicial  mind,  as  it  walks  firmly  through  labyrinths  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  195 

statute  and  precedent  and  principle,  holding  fast  its  strong 
but  tenuous  thread,  till  it  stands  forth  in  the  bright  light  of 
day ;  —  it  may  be  some  Sir  John  Jervis,  unraveling  in  a  crim- 
inal case  the  web  of  sophistries  with  which  a  clever  counsel 
has  bewildered  a  jury ;  or  it  may  be  Marshall  or  Story,  in 
our  own  college  case,  shredding  away,  one  by  one,  its  intrica- 
cies, entanglements,  and  accretions,  till  all  is  delightfully,  rest- 
fully  clear. 

"  It  is  a  trait  all  the  more  to  be  insisted  on  in  these  very 
times,  because  there  is  so  strong  a  drift  toward  a  seeming 
clearness  which  is  a  real  confusion.  By  two  opposite  methods 
do  men  now  seek  to  reach  that  underlying  order  and  majestic 
simplicity  which  more  and  more  appear  to  mark  this  universe. 
The  one  distinguishes,  the  other  confounds,  things  that  cer- 
tainly differ.  The  one  system  belongs  to  the  reality  and 
grandeur  of  nature,  the  other  to  the  pettiness  and  perverse- 
ness  of  man.  Not  a  few  seem  bent  on  seeing  simplicity  and 
uniformity  by  the  short  process  of  shutting  their  eyes  upon 
actual  diversity.  They  proceed  not  by  analytical  incision,  but 
by  summary  excision.  They  work  with  the  cleaver  and  not 
with  the  scalpel.  What  singular  denials  of  the  intuitive  facts 
of  universal  consciousness,  what  summary  identifications  of 
most  palpable  diversities,  and  what  kangaroo-leaps  beyond 
the  high  wall  of  their  facts,  mark  many  of  the  deliverances  of 
those  who  loudly  warn  us  off  from  4  the  unknowable !  ' 
What  shall  we  say  of  the  steady  confusion,  in  some  argu- 
ments, of  structure  and  function,  and  of  force  with  material  ? 
When  men,  however  eminent,  openly  propose  to  identify  the 
force  which  screws  together  two  plates  of  metal  with  the 
agency  which  corrodes  or  dissolves  both  in  an  acid,  or  to  iden- 
tify the  affinity  that  forms  chemical  combinations  with  the  vi- 
tality that  so  steadily  overrides,  suspends,  and  counteracts  those 
affinities,  is  this  an  ascent  into  the  pure  ether,  or  a  plunge  in 
the  Cimmerian  dark  ?  When,  in  opposition  to  every  possible 
criterion,  a  man  claims  that  there  is  but  '  one  ultimate  form 
of  matter  out  of  which  successively  the  more  complex  forms 
of  matter  are  built  up,'  is  this  the  advance  march  of  chemistry, 
or  the  retrograde  to  alchemy  ?  When  a  writer,  in  a  style 
however  lucid  and  taking,  firmly  assumes  that  there  is  no  es- 


196  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

sential  difference  in  objects  alike  in  material  elements,  but 
separated  by  that  mighty  and  mysterious  thing,  life,  is  that 
the  height  of  wisdom,  or  the  depth  of  folly  ?  And  how  such 
a  central  paralysis  of  the  mental  retina  spreads  its  darkness, 
as,  for  example,  in  the  affirmation  that  as  oxygen  and  hydro- 
gen are  reciprocally  convertible  with  water,  so  are  water, 
ammonia,  and  carbolic  acid  convertible  into  and  resolvable 
from  living  protoplasm  !  —  a  statement  said  to  be  as  false  in 
chemistry  as  it  certainly  is  in  physiology.  An  ordinary  mer- 
chant's accountant  will,  if  need  be,  work  a  week  to  correct  in 
his  trial  balance  the  variation  of  a  cent.  But  when  he  listens 
to  Sir  John  Lubbock  calmly  reckoning  the  age  of  the  human 
implements  in  the  valley  of  the  Sorame  at  from  one  hundred 
thousand  up  to  two  hundred  and  forty  thousand  years;  when 
he  sees  Croll,  in  dating  the  close  of  the  glacial  age,  leap  down 
from  the  height  of  near  eight  hundred  thousand  to  eighty 
thousand  years ;  when  he  finds  Darwin  and  Lyell  claiming  for 
the  period  of  life  on  the  earth  more  than  three  hundred  mil- 
lions of  years,  while  Tait  and  Thompson  pronounce  it  '  ut- 
terly impossible '  to  grant  more  than  ten,  or,  at  most,  fifteen 
millions,  —  this  poor,  benighted  clerk  is  bound  to  sit  and 
hearken  to  his  masters  in  all  outward  solemnity,  but  he  must 
be  excused  for  a  prolonged  inward  smile.  Who  are  these,  he 
says,  that  reckon  with  a  lee-way  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
years,  and  fling  the  hundreds  of  millions  of  years  right  and 
left,  like  pebbles  and  straws  ? 

44  Brilliancy,  so-called,  is  no  equivalent  or  substitute  for  pre- 
cision. It  is  often  its  worst  enemy.  A  man  may  mould  him- 
self to  think  in  curves  and  zig-zags,  and  not  in  right  lines. 
He  sends  never  an  arrow,  but  a  boomerang.  Or  he  thinks  in 
poetry  instead  of  prose,  deals  in  analogy  where  it  should  be 
analysis,  puts  rhetoric  for  logic,  scatters  and  not  concentrates, 
and  while  he  radiates  never  irradiates.  A  late  divine  was 
suspected  of  heresy,  partly  because  of  his  poetic  bias;  and 
one  of  his  volumes  was  unfortunate  for  him  and  his  readers, 
in  that  for  his  central  position  he  planted  himself  on  a  figure 
of  speech,  and  not  on  a  logical  proposition.  The  well-known 
story  se  non  vero  e  ben  trovato,  of  that  keenest  of  lawyers, 
listening  to  a  lecture  of  which  every  sentence  was  a  gem  and 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  197 

every  paragraph  rich  with  the  spoils  of  literature,  and  reply- 
ing to  the  question,  "  Do  you  understand  all  that  ?  "  "  No, 
but  my  daughters  do."  It  was  as  beautiful  and  iridescent  as 
the  Staubbach,  and  as  impalpable. 

"  The  more  is  the  pity  when  a  vigorous  mind,  in  the  outset 
of  some  great  discussion,  heads  for  a  fog-bank  or  a  wind-mill. 
When  a  man  proposes  to  chronicle  a  '  Conflict  between  Re- 
ligion and  Science,'  and  makes  religion  stand  indiscriminate- 
ly for  Romanism,  Mohammedanism,  superstition,  malignant 
passion,  obstinate  prejudice,  and  what  not,  also  confounding 
Christianity  with  so-called  Christians,  arid  those  often  most 
unrepresentative,  —  at  the  same  time  appropriating  to  '  Sci- 
ence '  all  intellectual  activity  whatever,  though  found  in  good 
Christian  men,  and  though  fostered  and  made  irrepressible 
by  the  fire  of  that  very  religion,  it  is  easy  to  see  what  must 
be  the  outcome  of  such  a  sweepstakes  race.  There  will  be  a 
deification  of  science,  and  not  even  a  whited  sepulchre  erected 
over  the  measureless  Golgothas  of  its  slaughtered  theories. 
There  will  be,  on  the  other  hand,  the  steady  suppressio  veri 
concerning  books,  systems,  men,  and  events,  the  occasional 
though  unintended  assertio  falsi,  the  eager  conversion  of 
theories  into  facts,  constructions  unfair  and  uncandid  and, 
throughout,  with  much  that  is  bright  and  just,  that  '  admix- 
ture of  a  lie  that  doth  ever  add  pleasure  '  to  its  author  and 
grief  to  the  judicious.  Such  confusions  are  no  doubt  often 
the  outgrowth  of  the  will.  But  a  main  end  of  a  true  culture 
is  to  prevent  or  expose  all  such  bewilderments,  whether  help- 
less or  crafty. 

"  The  great  predominance  of  the  disciplinary  process  was 
what  once  characterized  the  English  university  system  even 
more  than  now.  It  consisted  in  the  exact  and  exhaustive  mas- 
tery of  certain  limited  sections  of  knowledge  and  thought,  as 
the  gymnastic  for  all  other  spheres  and  toils.  At  Oxford,  not 
long  ago,  four  years  were  spent  in  mastering  some  fourteen 
books.  Whatever  may  be  our  criticism  of  the  process,  we 
may  not  deny  its  singular  effect.  In  its  best  estate  it  forged 
many  a  trenchant  blade.  To  the  man  who  asks  for  its  monu- 
ment, it  can  point  to  British  thought,  law,  statesmanship. 
Bacon  and  Burke,  Coke  and  Eldon,  Hooker  and  Butler,  Pitt 


198  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

and  Canning,  shall  make  answer.  The  whole  massive  litera- 
ture of  England  shall  respond. 

"  But  to  this  precision  of  working  must  be  furnished  mate- 
rial with  which  to  work.  Mental  fullness  is,  therefore,  another 
prime  quality  of  a  manly  culture.  To  what  degree  it  should 
be  sought  in  the  curriculum  has  been  in  dispute.  It  is  the 
American  theory,  and  a  growing  belief  of  the  English  nation, 
that  the  British  universities  have  been  defective  here.  Their 
men  of  mark  have  traveled  later  over  the  broader  field. 

"  Provincialism  of  intellect  is  a  calamity.  All  men  of  great 
achievements  have  had  to  know  what  others  achieved.  The 
highest  monuments  are  always  built  with  the  spoils  of  the 
past.  Any  single  genius,  if  not  an  infinitesimal,  counts  at 
most  but  a  digit  in  the  vast  notation  of  humanity.  The  great 
masters  have  been  the  greatest  scholars.  Many  a  bright 
mind  has  struggled  alone  to  beat  the  air.  Behold  in  some 
national  patent-office  a  grand  mummy-pit  of  ignorant  in- 
ventors. 

"  Those  men  upon  whom  so  much  opprobrium  has  been 
heaped,  the  Schoolmen,  were  unfortunate  chiefly  in  the  lack 
of  material  on  which  to  expend  their  singular  acuteness. 
Leibnitz  was  not  ashamed  to  confess  his  obligations  to  them, 
nor  South  to  avail  himself  of  their  subtle  distinctions.  Doubt- 
less theology  owes  them  a  debt.  Some  of  them  have  been 
well  called,  by  Hallam,  men  4  of  extraordinary  powers  of  dis- 
crimination and  argument,  strengthened  in  the  long  medita- 
tion of  their  cloister  by  the  extinction  of  every  other  talent 
and  the  exclusion  of  every  other  pursuit.  Their  age  and  condi- 
tion denied  them  the  means  of  studying  polite  letters,  of  observ- 
ing nature,  or  of  knowing  mankind.  They  were  thus  driven 
back  upon  themselves,  cut  off  from  all  the  material  on  which 
the  mind  could  operate,  and  doomed  to  employ  all  their  pow- 
ers in  defense  of  what  they  must  never  presume  to  examine.' 
1  If  these  Schoolmen,'  says  Bacon,  c  to  their  great  thirst  of 
truth  and  unwearied  travel  of  wit  had  joined  variety  of  read- 
ing and  contemplation,  they  had  proved  great  lights  to  the 
advancement  of  all  learning  and  knowledge.'  And  so,  for  lack 
of  other  timber,  they  split  hairs.  Hence  the  mass  of  ponder- 
ous trifling  that  has  made  their  name  a  by- word.  A  force, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  199 

sometimes  Herculean,  was  spent  in  building  and  demolishing 
castles  of  moonshine. 

"  A  robust  mental  strerfgth  requires  various  and  solid  food. 
The  best  growth  is  symmetrical.  There  is  a  common  bond  — 
quoddam  commune  vinculum  —  in  the  circle  of  knowledge, 
that  cannot  be  overlooked.  Men  do  not  know  best  what  they 
know  only  in  its  isolation.  Even  Kant  offset  his  metaphys- 
ics by  lecturing  on  geography  ;  and  Niebuhr,  the  historian, 
struggled  hard  and  well  to  keep  his  equilibrium  by  throwing 
himself  into  the  whole  circle  of  natural  science  and  of  affairs. 
Such,  also,  are  the  interdependencies'of  scholarship,  that  ample 
knowledge  without  our  specialty  is  needful  to  save  us  from 
blunders  within.  Olshausen  was  a  brilliant  commentator,  and 
the  slightest  tinge  of  chemistry  should  have  kept  him  from 
suggesting  that  the  conversion  of  water  into  wine  at  Cana 
was  but  the  acceleration  of  a  natural  process.  A  smattering 
of  optics  would  have  prevented  Dr.  Williams  from  repeating 
the  old  cavil  of  Voltaire,  that  light  could  not  have  been  made 
before  the  sun.  A  moderate  reflection  upon  the  laws  of 
speech  and  the  method  of  Genesis  would  have  restrained 
Huxley  from  sneering  at  the  4  marvelous  flexibility '  of  the 
Hebrew  tongue  in  the  word  4  day,'  and  a  New  York  audience 
from  laughing  at  the  joke  rather  than  the  joker.  Some  tinge 
of  ethical  knowledge  should  have  withheld  Max  Miiller  from 
finding  the  grand  distinctive  mark  of  humanity  in  the  power 
of  speech.  The  merest  theorist  needs  some  range  of  reality 
for  the  framework  of  his  theories,  and  the  man  of  broad  prin- 
ciples must  have  facts  to  generalize.  Indeed,  a  good  mem- 
ory is  the  indispensable  servant  of  large  thought,  and  how- 
ever deficient  in  certain  directions,  the  great  thinkers  have 
had  large  stores.  4  The  best  heads  that  have  ever  existed,' 
says  an  idealist,  — '  Pericles,  Plato,  Julius  Caesar,  Shake- 
speare, Goethe,  Milton, —  were  well  read,  universally  educated 
men,  and  quite  too  wise  to  undervalue  letters.  Their  opinion 
has  weight,  because  they  had  the  means  of  knowing  the  oppo- 
site opinion.' 

"  While  every  year  increases  the  impossibility  of  what  used 
to  be  called  universal  knowledge,  it  also  emphasizes  the  neces- 
sity of  a  scholarship  that  has  its  outlook  toward  all  the  vast 


200  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

provinces  of  reading  and  thought.  It  cannot  conquer  them, 
but  it  can  be  on  treaty  relations  with  them.  The  tendency  of 
modern  science  is,  of  necessity,  steadily  toward  sectional  lines 
and  division  of  labor.  It  is  a  tendency  whose  cramping  in- 
fluence is  as  steadily  to  be  resisted,  even  in  later  life,  much 
more  in  early  training.  We  are  to  form  ourselves  on  the 
model  of  the  integer  rather  than  the  fraction  of  humanity. 
The  metaphysician  cannot  afford  to  be  ignorant  of  the  '  chem- 
istry of  a  candle  '  or  the  'history  of  a  piece  of  chalk,'  nor  the 
chemist  of  the  laws  of  language,  the  theologian  of  astronomy 
and  geology,  nor  the  lawyer  of  the  most  ancient  code  and  its 
history.  Mill  himself  made  complaint  of  Comte's  '  great  ab- 
erration '  in  ignoring  psychology  and  logic. 

"  Intellectual  fetichism  is  born  of  isolation,  and  dies  hard. 
While  in  the  great  modern  uprising  we  may  boast  that  the 
heathen  idols  have  been  swept  away  from  three  hundred  dark 
islands  of  Polynesia,  new  '  idols  of  the  cave  '  stalk  forth  upon 
the  world  of  civilized  thought.  We  are  just  now  much  be- 
wildered with  brightness  in  streaks,  which  falls  on  us  like  the 
sunlight  from  a  boy's  bit  of  glass,  and  blinds  our  eyes  instead 
of  showing  our  path.  Half-educated  persons  seize  fragments 
of  principles  and  snatch  at  half-truths.  Crotchets  infest  the 
brains,  and  hobbies  career  through  the  fields  of  thought. 
Polyphemus  is  after  us,  a  burly  wretch  with  one  eye.  Better 
if  that  were  out. 

"  The  remedy  is,  to  correct  our  narrowness  by  a  clear  view 
of  the  wide  expanse.  We  must  come  out  of  our  cave.  We 
must  link  our  pursuits  to  those  of  humanity.  Breadth  and 
robustness  given  to  the  mental  constitution  in  its  early  train- 
ing shall  go  far  through  life  to  save  us  from  partial  paralysis 
or  monstrosity. 

"  To  insure  this  result,  however,  we  must  add  to  that  full- 
ness of  material  the  quality  of  mental  equipoise  or  mastery, 
the  power  of  grasping  and  managing  it  all.  A  man  is  to  pos- 
sess, and  not  to  be  '  possessed  with,'  his  acquisitions.  He 
wants  an  intellect  decisive,  incisive,  and,  if  I  might  coin  a 
word,  concisive. 

"  The  power  to  unify  and  organize  must  go  with  all  right 
acquisition.  Knowledges  must  be  changed  to  knowledge.  It 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  201 

takes  force  to  handle  weight.  Some  men  seem  to  know  more 
than  is  healthy  for  them.  It  does  not  make  muscle,  but  be- 
comes plethoric,  dropsical,  adipose,  or  adipocere.  Better  to 
have  thought  more  and  acquired  less.  Frederick  W.  Robert- 
son, in  his  prime,  wrote,  — '  I  will  answer  for  it  that  there 
are  few  girls  of  eighteen  who  have  not  read  more  books  than 
I  have  ;  '  and  Mrs.  Browning  confessed,  — 4 1  should  be  wiser 
if  I  had  not  read  half  as  much  ; '  while  old  Hobbes,  of 
Malmesbury,  caustically  remarked,  —  4  If  I  had  read  as  much 
as  other  men  I  should  know  as  little.'  It  may  serve  as  a  hint 
to  the  omnivorous  college  student.  Cardinal  Mezzofanti 
knew,  it  is  said,  more  than  a  hundred  languages.  What 
came  of  it  all?  A  eulogy  on  one  Emanuele  da  Ponte.  He 
never  said  anything  in  all  the  languages  he  spoke !  What 
constitutes  the  life  of  an  intellectual  jelly-fish?  Even  the 
brilliancy  of  Macaulay  was  almost  overweighted  by  the  im- 
mensity of  his  acquisitions.  The  vivid  glitter  of  details  in 
his  memory  may  sometimes  have  dazzled  his  perception  of  a 
tout  ensemble,  and  for  principles  it  was  his  manner  to  cite 
precedents.  A  multitude  of  lesser  lights  have  been  almost 
smothered  by  superabundance  of  fuel.  A  man  knows  Milton 
almost  by  heart,  and  Shakespeare  too,  can  quote  pages  of 
Homer,  has  read  Chrysostom  for  his  recreation,  is  full  of  his- 
tory, runs  over  with  statistics  right  and  left,  and  withal  is 
strong  in  mother-wit.  But  the  mother-wit  proves  not  strong 
enough,  perhaps,  to  push  forth  and  show  itself  over  the  pon- 
derous debris  above  it,  the  enormousness,  or,  if  you  please, 
the  enormity  of  his  knowledge. 

"  It  requires  a  first-class  mind  to  carry  a  vast  load  of  scien- 
tific facts.  Hence  the  many  eminent  observers  who  have  been 
the  most  illogical  of  reasoners.  What  a  contrast  between 
Hugh  Miller  and  his  friend  Francia ;  the  mind  of  the  latter, 
as  Miller  describes  it,  4  a  labyrinth  without  a  clew,  in  whose 
recesses  was  a  vast  amount  of  book-knowledge  that  never 
could  be  used,  and  was  of  no  use  to  himself  or  any  one  else  ;  ' 
the  former  wielding  all  his  stores  as  he  swung  his  sledge. 
What  is  wanted  is  the  comprehensive  hand,  and  not  the  pre- 
hensile tail. 

"  Involved  in  such  an  equipoise  is  the  decisiveness,  the  will- 


202  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

force,  that  not  only  holds,  but  holds  the  balance.  Common 
as  it  may  be,  it  is  none  the  less  pitiable  to  be  just  acute 
enough  constantly  to  question,  but  not  to  answer  —  forever  to 
raise  difficulties,  and  never  to  solve  them.  Wakeful,  but  the 
wakefulness  of  weakliness.  Fine-strung  minds  are  they  often, 
acquisitive,  subtle,  and  sensitive,  able  to  look  all  around  their 
labyrinth  and  see  far  into  darkness,  but  not  out  to  the  light. 
It  is  by  nature  rather  a  German  than  an  Anglo-Saxon  habit. 
It  is  not  always  fatal  even  there.  De  Wette,  '  the  veteran 
doubter,'  rallied  at  the  last,  and,  like  Banyan's  Feeble-mind, 
went  over  almost  shouting.  In  this  country,  youth  often  have 
it  somewhat  later  than  the  measles  and  the  small-pox,  and 
come  through  very  well,  without  even  a  pock-mark.  Some- 
times it  becomes  epidemic,  and  assumes  a  languid  or  typhoidal 
cast,  — not  Positivism,  but  Agnosticism.  It  is  rather  fashion- 
able to  eulogize  perplexity  and  doubt  as  a  mark  of  strength 
and  genius.  But  whatever  may  be  the  passing  fashion,  the 
collective  judgment  of  the  ages  has  settled  it  that  the  perma- 
nent state  of  mental  hesitancy  and  indecision,  in  whatever 
sphere  of  thought  and  action,  is  and  must  be  a  false  condition. 
It  indicates  the  scrofulous  diathesis,  and  calls  for  more  iron  in 
the  blood.  It  is  a  lower  type  of  manhood.  It  abdicates  the 
province  of  a  human  intelligence,  which  is  to  seek  and  find 
truth.  It  abrogates  the  moral  obligation  to  prove  all  things, 
and  hold  fast  that  which  is  good.  It  revolts  from  the  great 
problem  of  life,  which  calls  on  us  to  know,  and  to  know  that 
we  may  do.  Out  upon  this  apotheosis  of  doubt.  It  is  the 
sick  man  glorying  in  his  infirmity,  the  beggar  boasting  of  his 
intellectual  rags. 

"  The  comprehensive  and  decisive  tend  naturally  to  the  in- 
cisive. The  power  to  take  a  subject  by  its  handle  and  poise 
it  on  its  centre  is  perhaps  the  consummation  of  merely  intel- 
lectual culture.  When  all  its  nutriment  has  been  converted 
into  bone  and  muscle  and  sinew  and  nerve,  then  the  mind 
bounds  to  its  work,  lithe  and  strong,  like  a  hunting  leopard 
on  its  game.  It  was  exactly  the  power  with  which  our  Web- 
ster handled  his  case,  till  it  seemed  to  the  farmer  too  simple 
to  require  a  great  man  to  argue.  It  was  the  quality  that 
Lincoln  so  toiled  at  through  his  early  manhood,  and  so  ad- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  203 

mirably  gained,  —  the  power  of  presenting  things  clearly  to 
4  plain  people.'  You  may  call  it  '  the  art  of  putting  things,' 
but  it  is  the  art  of  conceiving  things.  It  is  no  trick  of  style, 
but  a  character  of  thinking,  and  it  marks  the  harvest-tirade  of  a 
manly  culture. 

"  I  will  add  to  this  enumeration  one  other  quality,  one 
without  which  this  harvest  will  not  ripen.  I  speak  of  mental 
docility  and  reverence.  A  man  will  have  looked  -forth  to 
little  purpose  on  the  universe  if  he  does  not  see  that,  even 
with  his  expanding  circle  of  light,  there  is  an  ever-enlarging 
circle  of  darkness  around  it.  He  will  have  compared  his 
achievements  with  those  of  the  race  to  little  profit,  if  he 
does  not  recognize  his  relative  insignificance,  gathering  sands 
on  the  ocean  shore. 

"  The  wide  range  and  rapid  outburst  of  modern  learning 
tend  undoubtedly  to  arrogance  and  conceit.  We  gleefully 
traverse  our  new  strip  of  domain,  and  ask,  Were  there  ever 
such  beings  as  we  ?  Yes,  doubtless  there  were,  —  clearer, 
greater,  and  nobler.  Wisdom,  skill,  and  strength  were  not 
born  with  us.  All  the  qualities  of  manly  thought,  though 
with  ruder  implements  and  cruder  materials,  have  been  as 
conspicuously  exhibited  down  through  the  ages  past  as  in  our 
day.  The  power  of  governing,  ability  in  war,  diplomacy  in 
peace,  subtle  dialectics,  clear  insight,  the  art  of  conversation, 
persuasive  and  impressive  speech,  high  art  in  every  form, 
whatever  constitutes  the  test  of  good  manhood,  has  been  here 
in  full  force.  It  would  puzzle  us  yet  to  lay  the  stones  of  Baal- 
bee,  or  to  carve,  move,  and  set  up  the  great  statue  of  Rameses. 
Within  a  generation,  Euclid  of  Alexandria  was  teaching  ge- 
ometry in  Dartmouth  College,  and  Heraclides  and  Aristarchus 
anticipated  Copernicus  by  sixteen  centuries.  No  man  has  sur- 
passed the  sculptures  of  Rhodes,  or  the  paintings  of  the  six- 
teenth century.  The  cathedral  of  Cologne  is  the  offspring  of 
forgotten  brains.  Such  men  as  Anselm  were  educated  on  the 
Trivium  and  Quadrivium.  Five  hundred  years  ago  Merton 
College  could  show  such  men  as  Geoffrey  Chaucer,  William 
of  Occam,  and  John  Wickliffe.  If  the  history  of  science  can 
produce  four  brighter  contemporary  names  than  Napier,  Kep- 
ler, Descartes,  and  Galileo,  let  them  be  forthcoming.  But 


204  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

when,  still  earlier  by  a  century  and  a  half,  we  behold  a  man 
who  was  not  only  architect,  engineer,  and  sculptor,  and  in 
painting  the  rival  of  Angelo,  but  who,  as  Hallam  proves,  4  an- 
ticipated in  the  compass  of  a  few  pages  the  discoveries  which 
made  Galileo,  Kepler,  Maestlin,  Maurolycus,  and  Castelli 
immortal,'  it  may  well  '  strike  us,'  he  suggests  4  with  some- 
thing like  the  awe  of  supernatural  knowledge ; '  and  in  the 
presence  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci  the  modern  scientist  of  highest 
rank  may  stand  with  uncovered  head. 

"  If  wisdom  was  not  born  with  us,  neither  will  it  die  with 
us.  There  will  be  something  left  to  know.  Our  facts  will 
be  tested,  our  theories  probed,  and  our  assertions  exploded  by 
better  minds  than  ours.  If  it  be  true,  as  Bacon  says,  '  pru- 
dens  interrogatio  dimidium  scienticej  it  is  also  true,  4  imprndens 
assertio  excidium  scienticeS  We  are  in  these  days  treated  to 
4  demonstrations  '  which  scarcely  rise  to  the  level  of  presump- 
tions, but,  rather,  of  presumption.  There  is  an  accumulation 
of  popular  dogmatism  that  is  very  likely  doomed  within  a 
century  to  be  swept  into  the  same  oblivion  with  the  4  Christian 
Astrology,'  of  William  Lilly  and  the  '  Ars  Magna  '  of  Ray- 
mond Lully  —  a  mass  of  rubbish  that  is  waiting  for  another 
Caliph  Omar  and  the  bath-fires  of  Alexandria. 

"  It  will  not  answer  to  mistake  the  despotism  of  hypothesis 
for  the  reign  of  law,  nor  physical  law  for  the  great  4 1  AM.' 
True  thinkers  must  respect  other  thinkers  and  God.  They 
cannot  ignore  the  primal  utterances  of  consciousness,  the  laws 
of  logic,  nor  the  truths  of  history.  Foregone  conclusions  are  not 
to  bar  out  the  deepest  facts  of  human  nature,  nor  the  most  stu- 
pendous events  in  the  story  of  the  race.  Hume  may  not  rule 
out  the  settled  laws  of  evidence  the  moment  they  touch  the 
borders  of  religion ;  nor  may  Strauss,  by  the  simple  assertion 
that  miracles  are  impossible,  manacle  the  arm  of  God.  Comte 
may  not  put  his  extinguisher  upon  the  great  underlying  veri- 
ties of  our  being,  nor  Tyndall  jump  the  iron  track  of  his  own 
principles  to  smuggle  into  matter  a  4  potency  and  promise  '  of 
all  4  life.'  Huxley  cannot  play  fast  and  loose  with  human  vo- 
lition, nor  juggle  the  trustiness  of  memory  into  a  state  of  con- 
sciousness, to  save  his  system  ;  nor  may  Haeckel  lead  us  at 
his  own  sweet  creative  will  through  fourteen  stages  of  verte- 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  205 

brate  and  eight  of  invertebrate  life  up  to  the  great  imaginary 
'  monera,'  the  father  and  mother  of  us  all.  It  will  be  time  to 
believe  a  million  things  in  a  lump  when  one  of  them  is  fully 
proved  in  detail.  We  have  no  disposition,  even  with  so  emi- 
nent an  authority  as  St.  George  Mivart,  to  denominate  Natural 
Selection  4  a  puerile  hypothesis.'  We  will  promise  to  pay  our 
respects  to  our  '  early  progenitor  '  of  4  arboreal  habits  '  and 
'  ears  pointed  and  capable  of  movement,'  when  he  is  honestly 
identified  by  his  ear-marks,  and  even '  to  worship  the  original 
fire-mist  when  that  is  properly  shown  to  be  our  only  Creator, 
Preserver,  and  Bountiful  Benefactor. 

"  Meantime,  as  a  late  king  of  Naples  was  said  to  have  erected 
the  negation  of  God  into  a  system  of  government,  not  a  few 
eager  investigators  seem  to  have  assumed  it  as  a  basis  of 
science.  And  so  we  reach  out  by  worship  c  mostly  of  the  silent 
sort '  toward  the  unknown  and  unknowable,  the  4  reservoir  of 
organic  force,  the  single  source  of  power,'  ourselves  '  conscious 
automatons'  in  whom  'mind  is  the  product  of  the  brain,' 
thought,  emotion,  and  will  are  but  '  the  expression  of  molecular 
changes,'  to  whom  all  speculations  in  divinity  are  a  ;  disregard 
of  the  proper  economy  of  time,'  and  to  whom,  also,  as  one  of 
them  has  declared,  4  earth  is  Paradise,'  and  all  beyond  is  blank. 
But  it  was  Mephistopheles  who  said,  — 

"  'The  little  god  of  this  world  sticks  to  the  same  old  way, 
And  is  as  whimsical  as  on  creation's  day ; 
Life  somewhat  better  might  content  him, 
But  for  the  gleam  of  heavenly  light  which  thou  hast  lent  him. 
He  calls  it  Reason  —  thence  his  power's  increased 
To  be  far  beastlier  than  any  beast. 
Saving  thy  gracious  presence,  he  to  me 
A  long-legged  grasshopper  seems  to  be, 
That  springing  flies  and  flying  springs, 
And  in  the  grass  the  same  old  ditty  sings. 
Would  he  still  lay  among  the  grass  he  grows  in.' 

"  But  even  the  man  of  theories  might  grant  that  the  scheme 
of  one  great,  governing,  guiding,  loving,  and  holy  God  is  a 
theory  that  works  wonders  in  practice  for  those  that  heartily 
receive  it,  and  is  a  conception  of  magnificence  beside  which 
even  a  Nebular  Hypothesis  with  all  its  grandeur  grows  small. 
And  the  man  of  facts  may  as  well  recognize  what  Napoleon 


206  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

saw  on  St.  Helena,  —  the  one  grand  fact  of  the  living  power 
of  Jesus  Christ  in  history,  and  to-day ;  a  force  that  is  mightier 
than  all  other  forces ;  a  force  that  all  other  forces  have  in  vain 
endeavored  to  destroy,  or  counteract,  or  arrest ;  a  force  that 
has  pushed  its  way  against  wit  and  learning  and  wealth  and 
power,  and  the  stake  and  the  rack  and  the  sword  and  the 
cannon,  till  it  has  shaped  the  master  forces  of  the  world,  in- 
spired its  art,  formed  its  social  life,  subsidized  its  great  pow- 
ers, and  wields  to-day  the  heavy  battalions ;  a  force  that  this 
hour  beats  in  millions  of  hearts,  all  over  this  globe,  with  a 
living  warmth  beside  which  the  love  of  science  and  art  is  cold 
and  clammy.  Surely  it  would  be  not  much  to  ask  for  the 
docility  to  recognize  such  patent  facts  as  these.  And  I  must 
believe  that  any  mind  is  fundamentally  unhinged  that  despises 
the  profoundest  convictions  of  the  noblest  hearts,  or  speaks 
lightly  "of  the  mighty  influence  that  has  moulded  human  events 
and  has  upheaved  the  world.  It  has,  in  its  arrogance,  cut 
adrift  and  swung  off  from  the  two  grand  foci  of  all  truth,  the 
human  and  the  divine. 

"  Of  the  several  qualities,  —  the  wakefulness,  precision,  full- 
ness, equipoise,  and  docility  —  that  form,  in  other  words,  the 
motion,  edge,  weight,  balance,  and  direction  of  the  forged  and 
tempered  intellect,  —  I  might  give  many  instances.  Such 
men  as  Thomas  Arnold  and  Mr.  Gladstone  instantly  rise  to 
the  thoughts,  —  the  one  by  his  truth-seeking  and  truth-find- 
ing spirit  moulding  a  generation  of  English  scholars,  the  other 
carrying  by  the  sheer  force  of  his  clear-cut  intellect  and  mag- 
nanimous soul  the  sympathies  of  a  great  nation  and  the  ad- 
miration of  Christendom.  But  let  me  rather  single  out  one 
name  from  the  land  of  specialties  and  limitations,  —  Barthold 
George  Niebuhr,  the  statesman  and  historian.  Not  perfect, 
indeed,  but  admirable.  See  him  begin  in  his  early  youth  by 
saying,  — c  I  do  not  ask  myself  whether  I  can  do  a  thing  ;  I 
command  myself  to  do  it.'  Read  the  singular  sketch  of  his 
intellectual  gymnastics  at  twenty-one,  spurring  himself  to 
4  inward  deep  voluntary  thought,'  4  guarding  against  society 
and  dissipation,'  devoting  an  hour  each  day  to  clearing  up  his 
thoughts  on  given  subjects,  and  two  hours  to  the  round  of 
physical  sciences ;  exacting  of  himself  4  an  extensive  knowl- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  207 

edge  of  the  facts '  of  science  and  history  ;  holding  himself 
alike  accountable  for  minute  'description,'  'accurate  defini- 
tions,' '  general  laws,'  '  deep  reflection,'  and  '  distinct  con- 
sciousness of  the  rules  of  my  moral  being,'  together  with  what 
he  calls  the  holy  resolve  —  '  more  and  more  to  purify  my  soul, 
so  that  it  may  be  ready  at  all  times  to  return  to  the  eternal 
source.'  How  intensely  he  toiled  to  counteract  a  certain  con- 
scious German  one-sidedness  of  mind,  visiting  England  to 
study  all  the  varied  phenomena  of  its  robust  life,  and  yet  writ- 
ing home  from  London,  at  twenty-two,  — ( I  positively  shrink 
from  associating  with  the  young  men  on  account  of  their  un- 
bounded dissoluteness.'  His  memory,  not  inferior  to  that  of 
Macaulay  or  Scaliger,  he  made  strictly  the  servant  of  his 
thinking.  Amid  all  the  speculative  tendencies  of  Germany, 

he  became  a  man  of  facts  and  affairs.     Overflowing  with  de- 

& 

tails,  he  probed  the  facts  of  history  to  the  quick,  and  felt  for 
its  heart.  Fertile  in  theory,  he  preserved  the  truth  of  science 
so  pure  as  4  in  the  sight  of  God,'  not  '  to  write  the  very  small- 
est thing  as  certain,  of  which  he  was  not  fully  convinced,'  nor 
to  overstrain  the  weight  of  a  conjecture,  nor  even  to  cite  as 
his  own  the  verified  quotation  he  had  gained  from  another. 
Practicing  on  his  own  maxim  to  '  open  the  heart  to  sincere 
veneration  for  all  excellence '  in  human  act  and  thought,  not 
even  his  profound  admiration  for  the  surpassing  genius  of 
Goethe  could  draw  him  into  sympathy  with  the  heartlessness 
and  colossal  egoism  of  his  later  career.  In  the  midst  of  public 
honors  he  valued  more  than  all  his  delightful  home  and  liter- 
ary life,  and  his  motto  was  Tecum  habita.  Surrounded  by 
Pyrrhonism,  and  bent  by  the  nature  of  his  studies  toward 
skeptical  habits,  how  grandly  he  recovered  himself  in  his  ma- 
turity, and  said,  — '  I  do  not  know  what  to  do  with  a  meta- 
physical God,  and  I  will  have  none  but  the  God  of  the  Bible, 
who  is  heart  to  heart  with  us.'  '  My  son  shall  believe  in  the 
letter  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  and  I  shall  nurture  in 
him  from  his  infancy  a  firm  faith  in  all  that  I  have  lost  or  feel 
uncertain  about.'  And  his  last  written  utterance,  signed 
'  Your  Old  Niebuhr,'  contains  a  lament  that  '  depth,  sincerity, 
originality,  heart  and  affection  are  disappearing,'  and  that 
'  shallowness  and  arrogance  are  becoming  universal.'  After 


208  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

all  allowances  for  whatever  of  defect,  one  can  well  point  to 
such  a  character  as  an  illustrious  example  of  true  and  manly 
culture. 

"  Shall  I  say  that  such  a  culture  as  I  have  endeavored  to 
sketch,  it  is,  and  will  be,  the  aim  of  Dartmouth  College  to 
stimulate  ?     I  cannot,  at  the  close  of  this  discourse,  compare 
in  detail  its  methods  with  the  end  in  view,  and   show  their 
fitness.     The  original  and  central  college  is  surrounded  by  its 
several  departments,  partly  or  wholly  professional,  each  hav- 
ing its  own  specialty  and  excellence.    The  central  college  seeks 
to  give  that  rounded  education  commonly  called  Liberal,  and 
to  give  it  in  its  very  best  estate.    It  will  aim  to  engraft  on  the 
stock  that  is  approved  by  the  collective  wisdom   of  the  past, 
all  such  scions  of  modern  origin  as  mark  a  real  progress.    By 
variety  of  themes  and  methods  it  would  stimulate  the  mental 
activity,  and  by  the  breadth  of  its  range  it  would  encourage 
fullness  of  material,  both  physical  and  metaphysical,  scientific 
and  historic.     It  initiates  into  the  chief  languages  of  Europe. 
By  the  close,  protracted  concentration  of  the  mathematics,  by 
the  intuitions,  careful  distinctions,  and  fundamental  investiga- 
tions of  intellectual  and  ethical  science,  arid  by  the  broad  prin- 
ciples of  political  economy,  constitutional  and  international 
law,  as  well  as  by  a  round  of  original  discussions  on  themes 
of  varied  character,  it  aims  to  induce  precision  and  mastery. 
And  all .  along  this  line  runs  and  mingles  harmoniously  and 
felicitously  that  great  branch  of  study  for  which,  though  often 
severely  assailed  because  unwisely  defended  or  inadequately 
pursued,  the  revised   and  deliberate  judgment  of  the  ablest 
and  wisest   men   can  find  no  fair  substitute,  —  the  study  of 
the  classic  tongues.     Grant  that  it  may  be,  and  often  is,  me- 
chanically or  pedantically  pursued.     Yet,  when  rightly  pros- 
ecuted, its    benefits  are  wide,    deep,   and   continuous,    more 
than  can  be  easily  set  forth  —  and  they  range  through  the 
whole  scale,  rising  with  the  gradual  expansion  of  the  mind. 
It  comprises  subtle  distinctions,  close  analysis,  broad  gener- 
alization, and  that  balancing  of  evidence  which  is  the   basis 
of  all  moral  reasoning;  it  tracks  the  countless  shadings  of 
human    thought,   and   their  incarnation    in  the   growths   of 
speech,  and  seizes,  in  Comparative   Philology,  the  universal 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  .  209 

affinities  of  the  race  :  it  passes  in  incessant  review  the  stores 
of  the  mother  tongue ;  it  furnishes  the  constant  clew  to  the 
meaning  of  the  vernacular,  a  basis  for  the  easy  study  of  mod- 
ern European  languages,  and  a  key  to  the  terminology  of 
science  and  art ;  it  'familiarizes  intimately  with  many  of  the 
most  remarkable  monuments  of  genius  and  culture  ;  and  it  im- 
bues with  the  history,  life,  and  thought  which  have  prompted, 
shaped,  and  permeated  all  that  is  notable  in  the  intellectual 
achievements  of  two  thousand  years,  and  binds  together  the 
whole  republic  of  letters.  To  such  a  study  as  this  we  must 
do  honor.  We  endeavor  to  add  so  much  of  the  esthetic  and 
ethical  element  throughout  as  shall  give  grace  and  worth. 
And  we  crown  the  whole  with  some  teaching  concerning  the 
track  of  that  amazing  power  that  has  overmastered  all  other 
powers,  and  stamped  its  impress  on  all  modern  history.  The 
college  was  given  to  Christ  in  its  infancy,  and  the  message 
that  comes  down  through  a  century  to  our  ears,  sounds  not 
so  much  like  the  voice  of  a  president  as  of  an  high-priest  and 
prophet  —  the  '  burden  of  Eleazar : '  4  It  is  my  purpose, 
by  the  grace  of  God,  to  leave  nothing  undone  within  my 
power  which  is  suitable  to  be  done,  that  this  school  of  the 
prophets  may  be,  and  long  continue  to  be,  a  pure  fountain. 
And  I  do,  with  my  whole  heart,  will  this  my  purpose  to  my 
successors  in  the  presidency  of  the  seminary,  to  the  latest 
posterity ;  and  it  is  my  last  will,  never  to  be  revoked,  and  to 
God  I  commit  it,  and  my  only  hope  and  confidence  for  the 
execution  of  it  is  in  Him  alone  who  has  already  done  great 
things  for  it,  and  does  still  own  it  as  his  cause.'  God  has 
never  yet  revoked  the  'last  will'  of  Wheelock.  The  col- 
lege is  as  confessedly  a  Christian  college  as  in  the  days  of  her 
origin ;  and  in  the  impending  conflict  she  sails  up  between 
the  batteries  of  the  enemy  with  her  flag  nailed  to  the  mast 
and  her  captain  lashed  to  the  rigging. 

44  The  college  stands  to-day  in  its  ideal  and  the  intention 
of  its  managers,  representative  of  the  best  possible  training 
for  a  noble  manhood.  And  I  may  venture  to  say,  here  and 
now,  that  if  there  be  anything  known  to  be  yet  lacking  to 
the  full  attainment  of  that  conception,  if  anything  needs  to 
be  added  to  make  this,  in  the  fullest  sense,  the  peer  of  the 

14 


210  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

best  college  in  the  land,  it  will  be  the  endeavor  of  the  Trus- 
tees and  the  Faculty  to  add  that  thing. 

"  Dartmouth  College  is  fortunate  in  many  particulars. 
Fortunate  in  its  situation,  so  picturesque  and  so  quiet,  fitted 
for  faithful  study,  and  full  of  healthful  influences,  physical 
and  moral ;  fortunate  in  being  the  one  ancient  and  honored  as 
well  as  honoring  college  of  this  commonwealth  ;  fortunate  in 
enjoying  the  full  sympathy  of  the  people  around  and  the  en- 
tire confidence  of  the  Christian  community  of  the  land ;  for- 
tunate in  the  great  class  of  young  men  who  seek  her  instruc- 
tion, with  their  mature  characters,  simple  habits,  manly  aims, 
and  resolute  purposes  ;  fortunate  in  a  laborious  Faculty,  whose 
well-earned  fame  from  time  to  time  brings  honorable  and 
urgent  calls  to  carry  their  light  to  other  and  wealthier  seats 
of  learning  ;  fortunate  in  her  magnificent  roll  of  alumni, 
unsurpassed  in  its  average  of  good  manhood  and  excellent 
work,  and  bright  with  names  of  transcendent  lustre.  The 
genius  of  the  place  bespeaks  our  reverence  and  awe.  For  to 
the  mind's  eye  this  sequestered  spot  is  peopled  to  overflowing 
with  youthful  forms  that  went  forth  to  all  the  lands  of  the 
earth  to  do  valiantly  in  the  battle  of  life.  Across  this  quiet 
green  there  comes  moving  again  invisibly  a  majestic  procession 
of  the  faithful  and  the  strong,  laden  with  labors  and  with 
honors.  In  these  seats  there  can  almost  be  seen  to  sit  once 
more  a  hoary  and  venerable  array  of  the  great  and  good 
whose  names  are  recorded  on  earth  and  whose  home  is  in 
heaven.  And  over  us  there  seems  to  hover  to-day  a  great 
cloud  of  witnesses —  spirits  of  the  just  made  perfect.  It  is 
good  to  be  here.  I  only  pray  that  the  new  arm  may  not 
prove  too  weak  to  bear  the  banner  in  this  great  procession  of 
the  ages." 


CHAPTER  XX. 

PROF.  JOHN  SMITH.— PROF.   SYLVANUS  RIPLEY.  —  PROF. 
BEZALEEL  WOODWARD. 

HAVING  completed  our  survey  of  the  work  of  the  successive 
presidents,  the  deceased  professors  now  claim  our  attention. 

The  following  sketch  of  the  life  and  labors  of  Prof.  John 
Smith,  is,  in  substance,  from  "  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  Amer- 
ican Pulpit." 

"  John  Smith,  son  of  Joseph  and  Elisabeth  (Palmer)  Smith, 
was  born  at  Newbury,  (Byfield  parish,)  Mass.,  December  21, 
1752.  His  mother  was  a  descendant  of  the  Sawyer  family, 
which  came  from  England  to  this  country  in  1643,  and  settled 
in  Rowley,  where  she  was  born.  The  son  was  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  Dummer  Academy,  under  the  instruction  of  the  well 
known  4  Master  Moody.'  He  early  discovered  an  uncommon 
taste  for  the  study  of  the  languages,  insomuch  that  his  in- 
structor predicted,  while  he  was  yet  in  his  preparatory  course, 
that  he  would  attain  to  eminence  in  that  department. 

"  He  entered  the  Junior  class  in  Dartmouth  College,  in  1771, 
at  the  time  of  the  first  Commencement  in  that  institution. 
He  went  to  Hanover  in  company  with  his  preceptor  and  Gov- 
ernor Wentworth,  and  so  new  and  unsettled  was  a  portion  of 
the  country  through  which  they  passed,  that  they  were  obliged 
to  encamp  one  night  in  the  woods.  Their  arrival  at  Hanover 
excited  great  interest,  and  was  celebrated  by  the  roasting  of 
an  ox  whole,  at  the  Governor's  expense,  on  a  small  cleared 
spot,  near  where  the  college  now  stands. 

"  He  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  in 
1773  ;  and  immediately  after,  was  appointed  preceptor  of 
Moor's  school  at  Hanover.  This  appointment  he  accepted ; 
and,  while  discharging  his  duty  as  a  teacher,  was  also  engaged 
in  the  study  of  Theology  under  the  direction  of  President 


212  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Wheelock.  In  1774  he  was  appointed  tutor  in  the  college, 
and  continued  in  the  office  until  1778.  About  this  time  he 
received  an  invitation  to  settle  in  the  ministry  in  West  Hart- 
ford Conn.,  and,  in  the  course  of  the  same  year,  was  elected 
professor  of  Languages  in  the  college  where  he  had  been  edu- 
cated. His  strong  predilection  for  classical  studies  led  him 
to  accept  the  latter  appointment ;  and  until  1787  he  joined 
to  the  duties  of  a  professor  those  of  a  tutor,  receiving  for  all 
his  services  one  hundred  pounds,  lawful  money,  annually. 
His  professorship  he  retained  till  the  close  of  his  life.  He 
was  college  librarian  for  thirty  years,  —  from  1779  to  1809. 
For  two  years  he  delivered  lectures  on  Systematic  Theology, 
in  college,  in  connection  with  the  public  prayers  on  Saturday 
evening.  He  was  a  Trustee  of  the  college  from  1788  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  also  officiated  for  many  years  as  stated 
preacher  in  the  village  of  Hanover.  In  1803,  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Brown  Uni- 
versity. 

"Dr.  Smith's  abundant  and  unceasing  labors' as  a  professor, 
a  minister,  and  an  author,  proved  too  much  for  his  constitu- 
tion, and  are  supposed  to  have  hastened  him  out  of  life.  He 
died  in  the  exercise  of  a  most  serene  and  humble  faith,  on  the 
30th  of  April,  1809,  in  the  fifty-seventh  year  of  his  age.  His 
funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burroughs  of 
Hanover. 

"  Dr.  Smith  was  enthusiastically  devoted  to  the  study  of  lan- 
guages through  life.  He  prepared  a  Hebrew  Grammar  in  his 
Junior  year  in  college,  which  is  dated  May  14,  1772  ;  and  a 
revised  preparation  is  dated  February  11,  1774.  About  this 
time  he  also  prepared  a  Chaldee  Grammar.  The  original 
manuscript  of  these  grammars,  as  also  the  greater  part  of  his 
lectures  on  Theology,  is  deposited  in  the  Library  of  the  North- 
ern Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Dartmouth  College.  As 
early  as  1779,  he  prepared  a  Latin  Grammar,  which  was  first 
published  in  1802,  and  has  gone  through  three  editions.  In 
1803  he  published  a  Hebrew  Grammar ;  in  1804,  an  edition 
of  "  Cicero  de  Oratore,"  with  notes,  and  a  brief  memoir  of 
Cicero,  in  English;  and  in  1809,  a  Greek  Grammar,  which 
was  issued  about  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  published 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  213 

also  a  Sermon  at  the  dedication  of  the  meeting  house  at  Han- 
over, 1796,  and  a  Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Eastman, 
1801. 

"  Prof.  Roswell  Shurtleff,  D.  D.,  says  of  him  :  4Dr.  Smith 
was  rather  above  the  middling  stature,  straight,  and  well  pro- 
portioned. His  head  was  well  formed,  though  blanched  and 
bald  somewhat  in  advance  of  his  years.  His  face,  too,  as  to 
its  lineaments,  was  very  regular  and  comely.  His  eyes  were 
of  a  light-blue  color,  and  tolerably  clear. 

" 4  As  a  linguist,  he  was  minutely  accurate,  and  faithful  to 
his  pupils,  although  I  used  to  doubt  whether  he  was  familiar 
with  the  classic  writers  much  beyond  the  field  of  his  daily  in- 
structions. But  in  his  day,  philology,  like  many  other  sci- 
ences, was  comparatively  in  its  cradle,  especially  in  this 
country.  His  reputation  in  his  profession  depended  chiefly 
on  the  recitations ;  and  there  he  was  perfect  to  a  proverb. 
The  student  never  thought  of  appealing  from  his  decision. 

"  '  In  his  disposition  he  was  very  kind  and  obliging,  and  re- 
markably tender  of  the  feelings  of  his  pupils  —  a  civility 
which  was  always  duly  returned. 

" '  In  religious  sentiment,  he  was  unexceptionabry  orthodox, 
though  fearful  of  Hopkinsianism,  which  made  some  noise  in 
the  country  at  that  period.  His  voice  was  full  and  clear,  and 
his  articulation  very  distinct.  His  sermons  were  written  out 
with  great  accuracy,  but  were  perhaps  deficient  in  pungency 
of  application.  On  the  whole,  he  could  hardly  be  considered 
a  popular  preacher. 

"4  Professor  Smith  was  a  man  of  uncommon  industry.  This 
must  be  apparent  from  what  he  accomplished.  Besides  his 
two  recitations  daily,  he  supplied  the  college  and  village  with 
preaching  for  about  twenty  years,  and  exchanged  pulpits  but 
very  seldom ;  and,  in  the  mean  time,  was  almost  constantly 
engaged  in  some  literary  enterprise.  I  well  remember  a  con- 
versation with  the  late  President  Brown,  then  a  tutor  in  col- 
lege, soon  after  the  professor  died,  —  in  which  we  agreed  in 
the  opinion,  that  we  had  known  no  man  of  the  same  natural 
endowments,  who  had  been  more  useful,  or  who  had  occupied 
his  talent  to  better  advantage.' ' 


214  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

We  give  the  substance  of  some  leading  points  of  a  notice  of 
Professor  Smith,  in  the  "  Memoirs  of  Wheelock." 

"  In  1809  the  college  experienced  an  immense  loss,  in  the 
death  of  Dr.  Smith.  He  had  devoted  his  life  chiefly  to  the 
study  of  languages.  No  other  professor  in  any  college  of  the 
continent,  had  so  long  sustained  the  office  of  instructor ;  none 
had  been  more  happy,  useful,  or  diligent.  Though  indefati- 
gable in  his  studies,  he  was  always  social  and  pleasant  with 
his  friends,  entirely  free  from  that  reserve  and  melancholy,  not 
infrequent  with  men  of  letters.  At  an  early  age  he  obtained 
the  honors  of  this  seminary,  and  even  while  a  young  man  was 
appointed  professor  of  the  Oriental  Languages.  These  were 
the  smallest  moiety  of  his  merit  and  his  fame.  Without  that 
intuitive  genius,  which  catches  the  relation  of  things  at  a 
glance,  by  diligence,  by  laborious  study,  by  invincible  perse- 
verance, which  set  all  difficulties  at  defiance,  he  rose  in  his 
professorship  with  unrivaled  lustre.  He,  like  a  marble  pillar, 
supported  this  seminary  of  learning.  This  fact  is  worth  a 
thousand  volumes  of  speculation,  to  prove  .the  happy  and 
noble  fruits  of  well-directed  diligence  in  study.  But  the  best 
portrait  of  Dr.  Smith  is  drawn  by  President  Wheelock,  in 
his  eulogium  on  his  friend,  from  which  we  make  the  following 
extract. 

"  4  Early  in  life,  so  soon  as  his  mind  was  susceptible  of 
rational  improvement,  his  father  entered  him  at  Dummer 
school,  under  the  instruction  of  Mr.  Samuel  Moody.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  take  notice  of  the  development  of  his  juvenile 
mind,  his  attention  to  literature,  and  especially  his  delight  in 
the  study  of  the  ancient,  Oriental  Languages.  That  distin- 
guished master  contemplated  the  height,  to  which  he  would 
rise  in  this  department;  and  his  remark  on  him,  when  leaving 
the  school  to  enter  this  institution,  was  equal  to  a  volume  of 
eulogy. 

"  '  His  mind  was  not  wholly  isolated  in  one  particular 
branch.  Philosophy,  geography,  criticism,  and  other  parts  of 
philology,  held  respectable  rank  in  his  acquirements  ;  but 
these  yielded  to  a  prevailing  bias :  the  investigations  of  lan- 
guage unceasingly  continued  his  favorite  object.  The  knowl- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  215 

edge  of  the  Hebrew  with  his  propensity  led  him  to  the  study 
of  Theology.  He  filled  the  office  of  tutor  in  the  college,  when 
an  invitation  was  made  to  him  from  Connecticut  to  settle  in 
the  ministry. 

"  'At  this  period,  in  the  year  1778,  the  way  was  open  to  a 
professorship  in  the  learned  languages.  On  him  the  public 
eye  was  fixed.  He  undertook  the  duties,  and  entered  the 
career  of  more  splendid  services  in  the  republic  of  letters. 
His  solicitude  and  labors  were  devoted  to  the  institution,  dur- 
ing its  infantile  state  embarrassed  by  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  alleviated  the  burdens  of  the  reverend  founder  of  this 
establishment ;  and  administered  comfort  and  solace  to  him 
in  his  declining  days. 

44  4  From  that  period  in  1779,  Dr.  Smith  continued  indefat- 
igable in  mental  applications ;  faithful  in  the  discharge  of 
official  duties ;  and  active  for  the  interest  of  the  society, 
through  scenes  of  trouble  and  adversity.  The  board  of  Trus- 
tees elected  him  a  member  of  their  body.  The  church  at  the 
college,  founded  by  my  predecessor,  intrusted  with  him,  as 
pastor,  their  spiritual  concerns,  and  were  prospered  under  his 
prudent  and  pious  care.  God  blessed  his  labors ;  a  golden 
harvest  reminds  us  of  the  last.  To  the  force  of  his  vari- 
ous exertions,  under  Divine  Providence,  justice  demands 
that  we  ascribe  much  in  the  rise  and  splendor  of  this  estab- 
lishment. 

"  4  While  surveying  the  circle  of  knowledge,  and  justly  esti- 
mating the  relative  importance  of  its  different  branches,  still 
his  eye  was  more  fixed  on  classical  science ;  and  his  attach- 
ment seemed  to  concentrate  the  force  of  genius  in  developing 
the  nature  of  language,  and  the  principles  of  the  learned 
tongues,  on  which  the  modern  so  much  depend  for  their  per- 
fection. The  Latin,  the  Greek,  and  the  Hebrew,  were  almost 
as  familiar  to  him  as  his  native  language.  He  clearly  com- 
prehended the  Samaritan  and  Chaldaic ;  and  far  extended  his 
researches  in  the  Arabic. 

44  4  The  eminent  attainments  of  Dr.  Smith  in  the  knowledge 
of  the  languages  are  attested  by  multitudes,  scattered  in  the 
civilized  world,  who  enjoyed  his  instruction.  They  will  be 
attested,  in  future  times,  by  his  Latin  Grammar,  published 


216  DAETMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

about  seven  years  ago ;  and  by  his  Hebrew  Grammar,  which 
has  since  appeared.  In  each  of  these  works,  in  a  masterly 
manner,  he  treats  of  every  matter  proper  for  the  student  to 
know.  Each  subject  is  displayed,  in  a  new  method,  with  per- 
spicuity, conciseness,  simplicity,  and  classic  taste.  His  Greek 
Grammar,  we  may  suppose,  will  exhibit  the  same  traits,  when 
it  shall  meet  the  public  eye.  This  last  labor  he  had  finished, 
and  committed  to  the  printer  a  few  months  before  his  de- 


cease. 


"  4  If  we  turn  to  take  a  moral  view  of  this  distinguished  vo- 
tary of  science,  new  motives  will  increase  our  esteem.  What 
shall  I  say  of  the  purity  of  his  manners,  his  integrity  and 
amiable  virtues  ?  These  are  too  strongly  impressed  on  the 
minds  of  all,  who  knew  him,  to  need  description.  He  was 
possessed  of  great  modesty,  and  a  degree  of  reserve,  appearing 
at  times  to  indicate  diffidence,  in  the  view  of  those  less  ac- 
quainted. But  this,  itself,  was  an  effusion  of  his  goodness, 
which  led  to  yielding  accomodation  in  matters  of  minor  con- 
cern :  yet,  however,  when  the  interest  of  virtue,  or  society, 
required  him  to  act,  he  formed  his  own  opinion,  and  proceeded 
with  unshaken  firmness.  Those  intimately  acquainted  with 
him  can  bear  witness ;  and  it  is  confirmed  by  invariable  traits 
in  his  principles  and  practice,  during  life. 

"  '  The  virtues  of  Dr.  Smith  were  not  compressed  within 
the  circle  of  human  relations,  which  vanish  with  time.  Con- 
templating the  first  cause,  the  connections  and  dependencies 
in  the  moral  state,  his  mind  was  filled  with  a  sense  of  inter- 
minable duties.  He  was  a  disciple  of  Jesus.  The  former 
president  admired  and  loved  him,  and  taught  him  Theology. 
An  amiable  spirit  actuated  his  whole  life,  and  added  peculiar 
splendor  to  the  closing  scene. 

"  '  His  intense  pursuit  of  science  affected  his  constitution, 
and  produced  debility,  which,  more  than  two  years  before, 
began  to  be  observed  by  his  friends.  It  gradually  increased, 
but  not  greatly  to  interrupt  his  applications  till  six  weeks 
before  his  death.  While  I  revive  the  affliction  at  his  depart- 
ure, its  accompanying  circumstances  will  assuage  our  sorrow. 
The  thoughts  of  his  resignation  to  Divine  Providence,  through 
1  It  was  afterward  published  and  much  approved. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  217 

all  the  stages  of  a  disease,  that  rapidly  preyed  upon  his  vitals, 
his  composure,  serenity,  and  Christian  confidence,  remain  for 
the  consolation  of  his  friends,  and  instruction  of  all. 

" '  The  fame  of  Dr.  Smith  does  not  arise  from  wealth,  nor 
descent  from  titled  ancestors.  It  has  no  borrowed  lustre.  He 
was  indebted  wholly  to  his  genius,  his  labors,  and  his  virtues. 
His  monument  will  exist  in  the  hearts  of  his  acquaintance  ; 
and  in  the  future  respect  of  those,  who  shall  derive  advantage 
from  his  exertions. 

"  '  In  the  immense  loss,  which  his  dear  family  sustain,  they 
have  saved  a  precious  legacy  ;  his  example,  and  lessons  of 
social  and  religious  duties.  The  church,  with  mournful  regret, 
will  retain  the  tenderest  affection  for  their  venerable  pastor. 
What  shall  I  say  of  this  seat  of  science,  now  covered  with 
cypress  ?  Those  who  have  trod  its  hallowed  walks,  will  never 
forget  his  instructions,  nor  the  benevolent  effusions  of  his 
heart.  Where,  in  the  ranges  of  cultivated  society,  is  one  to 
be  found,  qualified  with  those  rare  endowments,  which  can 
supply  the  chasm  made  by  his  death  ? ' ' 

We  insert  in  its  appropriate  place  the  contract  made  with 
Professor  Smith  by  President  Wheelock.1 

His  first  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  Ebenezer  Cleave- 
land,  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  his  second  wife  was  Susan,  daugh- 
ter of  David  Mason,  of  Boston,  Mass. 

PROF.  SYLVANUS  RIPLEY,  who  filled  the  chair  of  Divin- 
ity from  178*2  to  1787,  was  the  son  of  Jonathan  Ripley,  and 
was  born  at  Halifax,  Mass.,  September  29,  1749. 

In  introducing  him  to  the  favorable  notice  of  Mr.  Whee- 
lock, previous  to  the  commencement  of  his  religious  life,  Rev. 
William  Patten  says :  "  Gracious  exercises  alone  excepted,  I 
know  not  a  more  promising  young  man." 

Some  extracts  from  President  Wheelock's  "  Narratives," 
relating  to  Prof.  Ripley's  missionary  labors,  are  worthy  of  at- 
tention. 

"  Mr.  Sylvanus  Ripley,  who  finished  his  course  of  collegi- 
ate studies  here  last  fall,  very  cheerfully  complied  with  the 
openings  of  Providence,  to  undertake  a  mission  to  the  tribes 
1  See  Appendix. 


218  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

in  Canada,  and  accordingly  prepared  for  that  purpose,  and 
set  out  with  Lieut.  Thomas  Taylor,  whom  he  had  made  choice 
of  for  his  companion  in  that  tour,  as  he  had  been  long  a  cap- 
tive with  the  French  and  Indians  in  those  parts,  and  was  well 
acquainted  with  the  customs  of  both,  and  with  their  country, 
and  could  serve  him  as  an  interpreter.  He  sat  out  July  17, 
well  recommended  to  the  Lieut.-governor  and  Commander-in- 
chief,  and  others  of  that  province,  by  his  Excellency  Governor 
Wentworth,  and  others.  The  special  design  of  his  journey 
was  to  see  what  door,  or  doors,  was,  or  might  be  opened  for 
him,  or  others,  to  go  as  missionaries  among  them,  to  open  a 
way  for  intercourse  between  them  and  this  school,  and  obtain 
a  number  of  suitable  youth,  if  it  may  be,  to  receive  an  educa- 
tion here ;  in  the  choice  of  which,  he  will  have  special  respect 
to  the  children,  whose  parents  were  in  former  wars  captivated 
by  the  Indians,  and  were  naturalized,  and  married  among 
them." 

"  September  26,  1772.  A  delay  of  sending  the  foregoing 
narrative  to  the  press,  gives  an  opportunity  to  oblige  my 
friends  with  a  short  account  of  the  success  of  Mr.  Ripley's 
mission  to  Canada. 

"  He  returned  on  the  21st  instant,  with  his  companion  and 
interpreter,  Lieut.  Taylor,  and  brought  with  them  ten  youths, 
eight  belonging  to  the  tribe  at  Caughnawaga,  near  Montreal, 
and  two  of  the  tribe  at  Lorette,  near  Quebec.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  at  the  former  of  these  places,  he  made  known  to  them 
the  errand  on  which  he  was  sent,  and  disclosed  the  proposal 
of  sending  a  number  of  their  children  to  this  school  for  an 
education  ;  and  left  it  to  their  consideration,  till  he  should  go 
and  wait  upon  the  Commander-in-chief  of  that  province  at 
Quebec.  And  after  he  had  passed  through  the  small-pox, 
which  he  took  by  inoculation,  as  it  was  judged  unsafe  for  him 
to  travel  that  country  without  it,  he  went  to  Quebec.  But 
his  Honor  the  Governor,  as  well  as  other  English  gentlemen, 
were  apprehensive  that  the  Indians  were  so  bigoted  to  the 
Romish  religion,  that  there  was  no  hope  of  success,  and  ad- 
vised him  not  to  go  on  that  errand  to  Lorette :  he  accordingly 
returned  without  visiting  them  as  he  proposed. 

"  But  on  his  coming  to  Caughnawaga  he  found  there  two 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  219 

likely  young  men  of  the  tribe  at  Lorette,  who  set  out  with 
a  design  to  go  to  Sir  William  Johnson,  with  a  single  view  to 
find  a  school  in  which  they  might  get  useful  knowledge. 
They  had  heard  nothing  of  Mr.  Ripley,  nor  of  any  such  design 
as  he  was  upon  in  their  favor,  till  they  came  to  Caughnawaga, 
which  is  180  miles  on  their  way  to  Sir  William's,  and  on  hear- 
ing of  the  proposal  Mr.  Ripley  had  made,  they  waited  five 
weeks  at  that  place  for  his  return,  and  on  his  coming  complied 
with  his  offer  of  taking  them  into  this  school  with  cheerful- 
ness. The  same  day  a  council  of  the  chiefs  of  that  tribe  was 
called  to  consider  of  the  proposal  of  sending  their  children  to 
this  school,  which  Mr.  Ripley  had  left  to  their  consideration, 
in  which  they  were  to  a  man  agreed  in  the  affirmative,  and 
acknowledged  with  gratitude  the  benevolence  and  kindness 
of  the  offer.  They  continued  united  and  firm  to  the  last  in 
that  determination  against  the  most  warm  and  zealous  remon- 
strances of  their  priest,  both  in  public  and  private  ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  determination,  nine  of  their  boys  were  made 
ready  to  accompany  Mr.  Ripley  hither ;  three  of  which  were 
children  or  descendants  from  captives,  who  had  been  capti- 
vated when  they  were  young,  and  lived  with  them  till  they 
were  naturalized  and  married  among  them." 

A  later  "  Narrative  "  says  : 

"The  beginning  of  May  [1773],  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ripley  and 
Mr.  Dean  sat  out  on  a  mission  to  visit  the  Indians  at  Penob- 
scott,  and  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  as  they  should  find  encour- 
agement, agreeable  to  representations  heretofore  made  of  a 
door  open  for  service  among  them." 

They  had  a  good  measure  of  success,  in  some  respects,  in 
this  mission. 

The  following  tribute  to  Professor  Ripley  is  from  the 
"  Memoirs  of  Wheelock." 

44  In  the  winter  of  1786-7,  the  college  experienced  the  loss 
of  an  eminent  instructor,  the  Rev.  Sylvanus  Ripley.  He  was 
suddenly  called  from  his  labors,  in  the  vigor  of  life  and  the 
midst  of  extensive  usefulness. 

"  After  taking  his  degree  in  1771,  in  the  first  class  which 
received  the  honors  of  the  college,  he  continued  with  Mr. 
Wheelock  as  a  tutor  in  the  college.  In  1775,  he  was  ap- 


220  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

pointed  master  of  Moor's  Charity  School,  and  in  1779,  upon 
the  decease  of  Dr.  Wheelock,  he  succeeded  him  in  the  pas- 
toral care  of  the  church  in  the  college,  and  soon  after  was 
elected  professor  of  Divinity.  Professor  Ripley  was  a  learned 
man,  an  orthodox  divine,  an  evangelical  and  popular  preacher. 
His  eloquence  had  nothing  artificial  or  studied.  His  sermons 
were  seldom  written  ;  his  manner  was  pleasing  and  winning, 
his  words  flowed  as  promptly  and  readily  in  the  pulpit  as  in 
the  social  circle." 

Professor  Ripley  died  at  Hanover,  February  5,  1787,  of  in- 
juries received  in  a  fall  from  his  carriage,  while  returning 
from  a  religious  service  in  a  distant  part  of  the  town. 

His  wife  was  Abigail,  daughter  of  Pres.  Eleazar  Wheelock. 

BEZALEEL  WOODWARD,  the  first  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  college,  was  the  son  of  Israel  and  Mary  (Sims)  Wood- 
ward, and  a  descendant  of  Henry  Woodward  of  Dorchester, 
Mass.,  1638,  and  Northampton,  Mass.,  1639,  where  he  was 
one  of  the  "  seven  pillars  "  of  the  church  formed  there  in  1661. 
He  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  July  16, 1745,  and  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1764. 

In  1767,  Mr.  Wheelock  refers  to  him  as  an  associate  teach- 
er, and  "  a  dear  youth,  willing  to  do  anything  in  his  power  "  to 
aid  him.  The  school  is  said  to  have  been  put  on  a  college  basis, 
in  the  matter  of  study,  in  1768,  with  Mr.  Woodward  as  tutor. 

The  following  letter  addressed  to  President  Wheelock  illus- 
trates the  versatile  nature  of  his  talents  : 

"  LEBANON  Sepr  6th  1770. 
"  REVd  &  HONd  SIR. 

"  Bingham  arrived  home  well  last  week,  and  proposes  to 
set  out  with  two  teams  about  the  18th  Ins*.  We  have  all  of 
us  been  endeavouring  to  expedite  the  removal  ever  since  he 
came  home  —  but  I  fear  Madam  will  not  be  able  to  set  out  so 
soon.  She  with  Miss  Nabby  propose  to  ride  in  the  Post 
Chaise  as  soon  as  they  can  possibly  be  ready.  Hutchinson  is 
to  drive  it  for  them.  The  Scholars  will  likely  the  most  of 
them  foot  it  when  Bingham  goes.  Abraham  &  Daniel  seem  to 
resent  it  that  they  in  particular  should  be  sat  to  drive  the  Cows 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  221 

the  Doctor  mentioned  in  his  to  me  &  the  English  Scholars  be 
excused  from  it.  I  have  not  procured  Cows  as  yet  —  we  have 
all  been  doing  &  shall  do  every  thing  in  our  power.  Madam 
is  so  weak  that  a  little  croud  overcomes  her,  that  she  has  her 
poor  turns  very  often  ;  tho'  on  the  whole  I  hope  she  is  on  the 
mending  hand.  I  fear  the  fatigue  of  preparing  &  the  journey 
will  be  too  much  for  her  —  be  sure  unless  she  takes  both  very 
leisurely  —  but  God  is  able  to  support  her.  By  ths  tenor  of 
the  Doctor's  Letters  I  apprehend  he  has  forgot  my  proposed 
Journey  to  the  eastward,  which  I  would  neglect,  and  with 
vigor  pursue  the  grand  object,  the  removal;  for  I  see  need 
enough  that  every  one  who  is  able  to  do  any  thing  towards 
preparing  should  be  doubly  "active  now.  I  see  eno'  &  more 
than  eno'  that  is  important  and  necessary  to  be  done,  &  I 
never  had  a  greater  disposition  to  exert  myself  in  getting 
things  forward  —  but  I  have  had  such  a  croud  of  affairs  on 
my  mind,  &  still  have,  &  must  have  so  long  as  I  continue 
here,  that  my  health  is  so  much  impaired,  my  constitution 
become  so  brittle,  &  my  nerves  so  weak,  that  I  am  rendered 
entirely  unfit  for  application  to  any  business  at  present ;  & 
therefore  that  I  may  be  fit  for  some  kind  of  business  the  en- 
suing winter  I  am  advised  and  think  it  highly  expedient  & 
neccessary  that  I  take  my  Journey  soon  (before  I  am  rendered 
unable  to  do  it)  —  and  Providence  seems  to  point  out  my  duty 
to  set  out  to-morrow,  tho'  it  is  with  the  greatest  reluctance 
that  I  do  it,  on  acco*  of  the  need  of  help  here,  but  I  am  unfit 
to  do  anything  to  purpose  if  I  stay.  Mr  MacCluer  will  do  all 
in  his  power,  tho'  he  is  obliged  (agreeable  to  the  Doctor's 
directions)  to  attend  Comencement  next  week  to  collect  Sub- 
scriptions —  he'll  do  all  he  can  before  he  goes,  &  after  he  re- 
turns —  what  is  done  must  be  done  in  a  hurry  and  confusion, 
&  what  cannot  be  done  must  remain  undone.  We  have  been 
examining  the  Scholars  this  week  (&  find  they  make  a  pretty 
good  appearance)  besides  which  we  have  done  all  we  could 
that  I  might  leave  affairs  in  the  best  manner.  My  present 
proposal  is  to  go  to  Boston  &  settle  affairs  —  thence  to  Salem 
&  visit  dear  Doctor  Whitaker — thence  perhaps  to  Portsmouth 
—  then  either  return  &  accompany  Madam  &  Family  to 
Cohos  (which  I  think  of  doing  if  I  can  get  back  in  season)  — 


222  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

or  go  directly  from  Portsmouth  to  Cohos — in  either  case  I 
hope  to  be  with  the  Doctor  within  a  month.  I  want  much  — 
I  long  to  see  you.  I  want  to  do  more,  much  more  than  I  am 
able,  to  assist  in  removing  —  but  the  wise  Governor  of  the 
Universe  seems  to  forbid  my  doing  much.  I  desire  to  commit 
the  conduct  of  affairs  to  him.  I  shall  endeavour  as  far  as  I 
am  able  to  comply  with  all  the  Dr  desires  in  his  letters  — 
shall  carry  the  letter  to  Mr  Whitefield  to  Boston  myself.  I 
shall  write  to  Mr  Keen  a  general  Sketch  of  affairs.  I  hope  to 
be  able  when  I  see  the  Dr  &  the  Trustees  meet  to  be  able  to 
determine  what  to  do  the  ensuing  winter.  This  Parish  have 
Mr  Potter  to  preach  next  Sabath  &  expect  Mr  Austin  after 
that.  Mr  Austin  is  now  asleep  in  your  house.  I  expect 
Mr  Wheelock  will  be  at  home  the  last  of  next  week  or  begin- 
ning of  week  after.  Mary  &  Cloe  I  expect  will  ride  up  in 
the  Carts.  Porter,  Judson  &  Collins  are  to  set  out  next 
Monday  (at  their  desire)  that  they  may  assist  in  making 
preparation.  School  must  (I  think)  unavoidably  break  up 
till  they  remove.  Scholars  have  been  much  engaged  in  study 
(especially  in  the  Art  of  Speaking)  since  the  Doctor  went 
away.  If  Scholars  are  engaged  Instructors  must  be  so  too  — 
and  if  Instructors  are  diligent  and  faithful,  Scholars  will  make 
improvement.  We  cannot  learn  that  the  duty  on  tea  is  taken 
off ;  and  I  expect  difficulty  in  disposing  of  Bills ;  but  shall  do 
the  best  I  can.  I  have  tho'ts  of  carrying  a  Set  to  Boston.  Is 
it  not  best  to  desire  Miss  Zurviah  [Sprague]  not  to  engage 
herself  in  business  'till  the  Doctor's  mind  can  be  known  re- 
specting her  going  to  Cohos  —  I  know  not  where  one  can  be 
had  to  supply  her  place  (omnibus  consideratio)  —  will  the  Dr 
write  his  mind  respecting  it  in  his  next  ?  I  have  many  things 
to  say ;  but  it  is  now  between  1  &  2  o'Clock  in  ye  morning, 
and  I  find  nature  flags.  I  could  get  no  other  time  to  write. 
I  have  neither  time  nor  strength  to  copy,  therefore  hope  the 
Dr  will  excuse  the  scrawl  from  him  who  is  with  much  duty  & 
esteem  Revd  &  hond  Sir, 

"  Your  obedient  and  humble  Serv*. 

"  BEZA  WOODWARD. 

"  N.  B.  Family  are  all  asleep.     Please  give  love  to  Ripley 
&c.  &c. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  223 

The  "  Memoirs  of  Wheelock  "  contain  the  following  para- 
graph relating  to  Professor  Woodward  : 

"  At  the  anniversary  commencement  of  1804,  the  Honor- 
able Bezaleel  Woodward,  professor  of  Mathematics  and  Phi- 
losophy, departed  this  life.  He  had  fulfilled  the  duties  of  a 
professor  and  Tutor  from  the  foundation  of  the  college.  His 
profound  knowledge  of  the  abstruse  and  useful  science  of 
Mathematics,  the  facility  of  his  instructions  in  natural  and 
experimental  Philosophy  and  Ethics,  his  condescending  and 
amiable  manners,  will  be  long  and  gratefully  remembered  by 
those  who  have  received  the  benefit  of  his  instructions." 

The  "Monthly  Anthology  and  Massachusetts  Magazine" 
for  September,  1804,  has  the  following  notice  of  Professor 
Woodward  : 

"  Died  at  Hanover,  New  Hampshire,  August  25,  Hon.  Beza- 
leel Woodward,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Philosophy 
in  Dartmouth  College.  Professor  Woodward  was  born  at 
Lebanon,  in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  In  the  twentieth  year 
of  his  age  he  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1T64.  After  a  few 
years  successfully  employed  in  the  ministry,  he  was  elected  a 
tutor  in  this  university.  Here  he  soon  displayed  such  tal- 
ents and  improvements,  such  readiness  of  thought  and  ease  of 
communication,  that  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  pro- 
fessor in  Mathematics  and  Philosophy.  The  dignity  with 
which  he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  station  is  witnessed  by 
all  who  have  shared  in  his  instruction.  In  the  civil  depart- 
ment, and  as  a  member  of  society,  he  was  no  less  eminent 
than  as  an  instructor  in  college.  We  might  also  add  his 
usefulness  in  the  church  of  Christ  at  this  place,  of  which  he 
was  long  a  worthy  member,  and  high  in  the  esteem  and  affec- 
tions of  his  Christian  brethren. 

"  His  remains  were  interred  on  Tuesday,  the  28th.  The 
Rev.  Doctor  Smith  delivered  upon  the  occasion  a  well-adapted 
discourse.  The  officers,  Trustees,  and  members  of  the  col- 
lege joined  as  mourners  with  the  afficted  family,  and  the 
solemities  were  attended  by  a  very  numerous  collection  of 
friends  and  acquaintance. 

"  The  alumni  of  Dartmouth  will  join  with  its  present  officers 
and  members  in  deploring  the  loss  of  a  faithful  and  able 


224  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

instructor.  Those  who  visited  him  in  his  late  illness  have 
had  a  specimen  of  decaying  greatness,  alleviated  by  an  ap- 
proving conscience,  and  sustained  by  resignation  and  hope. 
The  friends  of  science  will  lament  the  departure  of  one  of  its 
enlightened  patrons.  Society  sympathizes  with  the  bereaved 
family,  retaining  a  lively  sense  of  his  public  and  domestic  vir- 
tues ;  and  a  numerous  acquaintance  will  mingle  their  grief  in 
bemoaning  the  loss  of  a  sincere  friend,  a  valuable  citizen,  and 
an  exemplary  Christian." 

The  records  of  the  public  life  of  Professor  Woodward  are 
thoroughly  interwoven  with  the  history  of  northern  New  Eng- 
land. Few  pioneers  in  the  valley  of  the  upper  Connecticut 
did  more  to  promote  the  general  welfare  of  the  community. 

His  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Pres.  Eleazar  Wheelock. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

PROF.  JOHN  HUBBARD.  — PROF.  ROSWELL  SHURTLEFF. 

PROF.  JOHN  HUBBARD  succeeded  Professor  Woodward. 
We  quote  from  a  published  eulogy  by  Rev.  Elijah  Parish, 
D.  D.,  his  college  classmate. 

"  The  Hon.  John  Hubbard,  the  son  of  John  and  Hannah 
(Johnson)  Hubbard,  late  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat- 
ural Philosophy  in  this  university,  was  born  in  Townsend, 
Mass.,  August  8,  1759.  Dark  and  dismal  was  the  dawn 
of  that  life,  which  has  been  so  fair  and  luminous.  Five 
months  before  his  birth  his  father  died,  and  this,  in  his  last 
moments,  when  his  children  stood  weeping  round  his  dying 
bed,  he  made  use  of  as  an  argument  of  consolation  to  them, 
entreating  them  not  to  weep,  for  God  had  taken  care  of  him 
when  a  fatherless  infant.  During  his  minority  most  of  his 
time  was  employed  in  the  labors  of  agriculture.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  commenced  his  studies,  and  the  next  year 
became  a  member  of  this  institution.  In  the  second  year  of 
his  residence  at  college,  when  many  were  awakened  to  a  re- 
ligious sense  of  divine  things,  our  friend  was  one  of  the  happy 
number.  His  subsequent  life  and  death  have  proved  that  his 
conversion  was  not  imaginary.  While  this  increases  our  loss, 
it  is  the  best  reason  for  consolation. 

"  In  his  college  life  Mr.  Hubbard  was  a  youthful  cedar  of 
Lebanon.  He  gave  visible  tokens  of  his  approaching  emi- 
nence. So  tenacious  was  his  memory,  that  his  progress  in 
the  languages  was  remarkably  rapid.  While  he  lived,  the 
Greek  and  Roman  writers  were  his  amusement ;  and  with  a 
taste  refined,  he  was  charmed  with  their  classic  beauties  ;  his 
memory  was  stored  with  numerous  favorite  passages. 

"  On  leaving  college,  his  love  of  study,  his  delight  in  re- 

15 


226  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

ligious  inquiries,  his  devout  regard  for  the  best  interests  of 
man,  led  him  to  the  study  of  theology.  Becoming  a  preacher 
of  the  gospel,  his  voice,  naturally  small  and  feeble,  was  found 
to  be  ill  adapted  to  such  an  employment.  After  a  fair  exper- 
iment his  good  sense  forbade  him  to  persevere.  The  transi- 
tion was  easy  to  his  '  delightful  task  to  teach  the  young  idea 
how  to  shoot,'  and  form  the  minds  of  youth  to  science  and 
virtue.  Of  the  academy  in  New  Ipswich  he  was  elected  pre- 
ceptor. Under  his  able  instruction  that  seminary  rose  to  dis- 
tinction, and  became  a  favorite  of  the  public.  Some  who 
were  his  pupils  are  already  eminent  in  the  walks  of  litera- 
ture. 

"  After  several  years,  quitting  this  situation,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Judge  of  Probate  for  the  County  of  Cheshire.  This 
office  was  peculiarly  adapted  to  that  gentle  and  tender  phil- 
anthrophy  for  which  he  was  remarkable.  It  was  luxury  to 
him  to  comfort  the  widow  and  the  fatherless.  The  blended 
resolution  and  exquisite  sensibilities  of  his  heart  qualified  him, 
in  a  singular  manner,  impartially  to  weigh  the  claims  of  jus- 
tice and  compassion.  But  this  situation  was  not  congenial 
with  his  love  of  study,  and  his  delight  in  the  instruction  of 
youth,  which  was  so  pleasant,  that  he  declared  he  would  make 
it  the  business  of  his  life.  Accordingly  he  accepted  the  invi- 
tation of  Deerfield  Academy,  Massachusetts,  where  for  several 
years  he  continued  with  great  reputation.  After  the  death 
of  Professor  Woodward,  who  had,  from  its  origin,  been  an 
able  instructor  in  this  university,  he  wa's  elected  his  successor 
in  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and  Philosophy.  So  high 
was  his  reputation,  that  a  successor  of  common  attainments 
could  not  have  satisfied  the  raised  expectations  of  the  public. 
To  supply  the  place  of  such  a  man  was  the  arduous  task  as- 
signed to  Mr.  Hubbard.  His  success  equaled  the  fond  hopes 
of  his  friends.  Here  you  rejoiced  in  his  light ;  here  he  spent 
his  last  and  his  best  days  ;  here  he  had  full  scope  for  the  vari- 
ous, the  versatile  powers  of  his  vigorous  mind.  His  amiable 
virtues,  his  profound  learning,  you  cheerfully  acknowledged. 

"  He  had  a  happy  facility  in  illustrating  the  practical  ad- 
vantages of  every  science.     He  not  only  explained  its  prin 
ciples,  but  traced  its  relation  to  other  branches  of  knowledge. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  227 

Not  satisfied  by  merely  ascertaining  facts,  he  explored  the 
cause,  the  means,  the  ultimate  design  of  their  existence. 

"  Though  he  has  been  my  intimate  friend  from  cheerful 
youth,  yet  neither  inspired  by  his  genius,  nor  enriched  with 
his  attainments,  it  is  not  possible  I  should  do  justice  to  his 
merits.  His  person,  muscular  and  vigorous,  indicated  the  en- 
ergy of  his  mind.  Every  feature  of  his  face  expressed  the 
mildness  of  his  spirit  ;  never  did  I  witness  in  him  the  appear- 
ance of  anger.  Without  that  undescribable  configuration 
which  constitutes  beauty,  his  countenance  was  pleasing  and 
commanded  respect.  Without  formality  or  art,  his  manners 
were  refined  and  delicate  ;  his  address  was  conciliatory  and 
winning.  By  his  social  and  compliant  temper  he  was  calculated 
for  general  society.  Though  instructed  '  in  the  learning  of 
Egypt,'  and  the  civilized  world,  he  was  too  discreet  and  be- 
nevolent to  humble  others  by  his  superior  lustre.  His  light 
was  mild  and  clear,  like  that  of  the  setting  sun.  He  had 
no  ambition  to  shine,  or  to  court  applause.  More  disposed  to 
make  others  pleased  with  themselves  than  to  excite  their  admi- 
ration, it  is  not  strange  that  he  was  universally  beloved.  His 
heart  was  impressed  with  an  exquisite  sense  of  moral  obliga- 
tions. In  every  passing  event,  in  every  work  of  nature,  the 
formation  of  a  lake,  a  river,  a  cataract,  a  mountain,  he  saw 
God.  When  as  a  philosopher,  surrounded  with  the  apparatus 
of  science,  extending  his  researches  to  the  phenomena  of  the 
universe,  amazed  at  the  minuteness  of  some  objects,  astonished 
at  the  magnitude  and  magnificence  of  others,  his  mind  was 
transported ;  when  he  explored  the  heavens,  and  saw  worlds 
balancing  worlds,  and  other  suns  enlightening  other  systems, 
his  senses  were  ravished  with  the  wisdom,  the  power,  the 
goodness  of  the  Almighty  Architect.  On  these  subjects  he 
often  declaimed,  with  the  learning  of  an  astronomer,  the  sim- 
plicity of  an  apostle,  the  eloquence  of  a  prophet.  He  illus- 
trated the  moral  and  religious  improvement  of  the  sciences  ; 
the  views  of  his  students  were  enlarged  ;  the  sciences  became 
brilliant  stars  to  irradiate  the  hemisphere  of  Christianity. 
The  perfect  agreement  between  sound  learning  and  true  re- 
ligion was  a  favorite  theme  of  his  heart.  This  remark  is  con- 
firmed by  his  conversation,  his  letters,  his  lectures. 


228  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

"  In  theology  his  researches  were  not  those  of  a  polemic 
divine,  but  of  a  Christian,  concerned  for  his  own  salvation 
and  the  salvation  of  others." 

Professor  Hubbard  published  several  works,  one  of  them 
being  entitled  "  Rudiments  of  Geography."  He  died  at  Han- 
over, August  14,  1810. 

His  wife  was  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Preston,  of 
New  Ipswich. 

Mr.  ROSWELL  SHURTLEFF  was  elected  the  second  profes- 
sor of  Divinity  in  the  college.  We  give  some  of  the  more 
important  points  in  a  published  "  Discourse,"  by  Professor 
Long : 

"  Roswell  Shurtleff,  the  son  of  William  and  Hannah  (Cady) 
Shurtleff,  was  born  at  Ellington,  then  East  Windsor,  Ct., 
August  29,  1773.  He  was  the  youngest  of  nine  children, 
two  of  whom  died  before  he  was  born.  From  his  earliest 
years  he  was  fond  of  reading,  and  at  school  he  was  called  a 
good  scholar.  His  religious  training  was  carefully  attended 
to,  and  to  this,  and  the  Christian  example  which  accompanied 
it,  he  ascribed  his  conversion,  and  the  views  he  subsequently 
embraced  of  the  Christian  doctrines. 

"  When  he  was  seven  or  eight  years  old  he  had  many 
serious  thoughts  of  God  and  duty.  The  requirement  that  he 
should  give  up  all  for  God,  as  he  understood  it,  filled  him  with 
gloom. 

"  During  several  of  the  subsequent  years,  the  subject  of 
religion  dwelt  on  his  mind,  and  he  was  occasionally  deeply 
impressed.  One  of  the  difficult  things  was  to  comprehend  the 
notion  of  faith.  The  promise  was  :  '  He  that  believeth  and 
is  baptized  shall  be  saved.'  He  believed,  as  he  supposed,  and 
he  had  been  baptized,  but  he  could  not  feel  that  he  was  safe. 
Must  he  believe  that  he,  personally,  should  be  saved  ?  But 
what  if  he  mistook  his  own  character,  and  believed  what  was 
false  ;  would  his  opinion  of  his  safety  make  him  safe.  He  was 
ashamed  to  be  known  as  a  religious  inquirer,  and,  therefore, 
remained  longer  in  darkness.  Finding  that  he  had  been  ob- 
served by  his  father  to  have  become  a  more  diligent  student 
of  the  Scriptures,  he  left: the  practice  of  reading  them  before 


REV.  ROSWELL   SHURTLEFF,  D.  D. 


I!  L  I  V  .  0  .1- 
L  L  [  [-  0  lv  K  I 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  229 

the  family.  Sometimes,  assuming  a  false  appearance  of  in- 
difference, he  carried  his  difficulties  to  his  mother,  who  was 
able  to  furnish  a  satisfactory  solution.  She  seems  to  have 
been  a  person  of  unusual  intelligence  as  well  as  goodness. 
Her  memory  was  ever  cherished  by  him  with  the  most  grate- 
ful affection,  as  it  regarded  his  own  spiritual  progress.  He 
believed  that  he  suffered  unspeakable  loss  from  the  conceal- 
ment of  his  early  feelings  on  the  subject  of  religion,  and  did 
not  doubt  that  many  failed  of  conversion  from  this  foolish  re- 
serve. It  was  not  till  a  number  of  years  after  this  that  his 
religious  life  commenced. 

"  The  only  school  which  young  Shurtleff  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  attending,  before  his  eighteenth  or  nineteenth  year, 
was  the  common  school  of  the  district.  He  made  good  profi- 
ciency, but  nothing  worthy  of  note  occurred  in  relation  to  his 
studies  till  he  was  about  fifteen  years  of  age.  He  then  be- 
gan to  think,  as  he  says.  Before  that  time,  he  had  repeated 
by  rote  whatever  he  had  been  taught.  The  first  impulse  to 
reflection  was  a  new  discovery.  He  had  been  taught  from 
childhood  that  accent  is  a  stress  of  voice  laid  on  some  syllable 
or  letter  of  a  word.  But  this  definition  had  not  been  illus- 
trated by  an  example,  and  the  classification  of  words  by  their 
accent,  in  the  spelling-book,  he  had  never  understood.  The 
definition  had  been  to  him  an  unmeaning  collection  of  words. 
He  now  discovered  what  it  meant.  This  was  in  itself  a  tri- 
fling event,  but  it  led  to  the  further  discovery  that  other 
things,  which  he  had  been  accustomed,  parrot-like,  to  repeat 
memoriter,  had  a  meaning ;  that  the  meaning  of  things  was 
that  which  the  student  should  be  set  to  learn,  and  that  his 
own  education  had,  in  this  view,  been  greatly  neglected.  He 
says  that  a  new  world  seemed  to  be  opened  to  his  view  ;  that 
nothing  now  appeared  so  important  as  an  opportunity  to  re- 
flect on  what  he  had  learned,  and  that  he  was  greatly  dis- 
pleased with  the  instructors  by  whom  he  had  been  so  badly 
cheated.  He  resolved  that,  if  ever  he  should  be  a  teacher,  he 
would  propose*  it  to  himself,  as  his  leading  object,  to  make  his 
pupils  understand  whatever  they  should  study.  This  resolu- 
tion he  afterward  had  the  opportunity  of  carrying  into  effect 
in  five  or  six  winter  schools  ;  and  his  attempt  was  attended 
with  gratifying  success. 


230  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

"  It  was  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Shurtleff,  grounded  on  liis  own 
experience  as  learner  and  teacher,  that  too  much  importance 
is  attached  to  the  books  used  in  schools ;  that  the  end  to  be 
reached  is  too  generally  regarded  as  the  learning  of  the  book 
rather  than  the  mastery  of  the  subject,  and  that  books  are 
too  often  prepared  mainly  with  a  view  to  abridge  the  labor 
of  the  teacher.  He  believed  that,  while  the  pupil  might, 
through  the  text-book,  possess  himself  of  the  knowledge  of 
others,  he  was  in  danger  of  acquiring  little  which  could  be 
called  his  own. 

"  In  consequence  of  using  his  eyes  too  soon,  after  his  recov- 
ery from  the  measles,  when  he  was  about  seventeen  years  old, 
Shurtleff  was  almost  wholly  cut  off  from  the  reading  of  books 
for  two  years,  and  he  never  afterward  perfectly  recovered 
from  the  injury  resulting  from  this  imprudence.  He  made 
some  proficiency,  however,  by  listening  to  the  reading  of 
others.  About  two  years  after  this  affliction  he  entered  the 
academy  at  Chesterfield,  N.  H.,  whither  his  father's  family 
had  removed  a  few  years  before.  He  attended  first  to  Eng- 
lish studies.  The  weakness  of  his  eyes  continued,  and  he  was 
considerably  embarrassed  for  a  time  from  the  necessity  of  using 
the  eyes  of  his  friends.  At  length  he  commenced  the  study 
of  Latin,  going  through  Ross'  Grammar,  the  only  one  then 
in  use,  in  just  two  weeks,  and  then  beginning  to  construe  and 
parse  in  Corderius. 

"  He  met,  at  the  academy,  one  who  had  been  his  school- 
fellow and  playmate,  and  with  whom  he  was  intimately  asso- 
ciated from  that  time  till  the  end  of  his  college  course,  —  the 
late  Hon.  Levi  Jackson,  who  died  at  Chesterfield  in  1821. 
They  got  out  their  lessons  together,  taking  turns  in  looking 
out  new  words ;  and  afterward,  at  college,  where  they  were 
classmates  and  room-mates,  continued  the  practice.  Dr. 
Shurtleff  felt  under  great  obligations  to  this  friend  and  helper, 
and  said  that  '  few  friendships  among  men  had  been  more 
ardent,  confiding  and  permanent.' 

"  Shurtleff  had  supposed,  at  first,  that  the  Greek  language 
was  beyond  his  reach,  on  account  of  his  infirmity  of  sight. 
But  some  improvement  having  taken  place,  he  ventured  to 
commence  the  study.  He  went  through  the  Westminster 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  231 

Greek  Grammar,  the  book  then  in  use,  in  one  week,  and  be- 
gan to  read  the  Gospel  of  John.  Having  completed  the  New 
Testament,  and  read  several  books  of  Homer's  Iliad,  he  was 
reputed  in  the  school  as  tolerably  versed  in  Greek.  He  and 
Jackson  studied  from  the  love  of  study,  and  did  not  think  of 
college  till  a  year  before  they  applied  for  admission,  at  Com- 
mencement, in  1797,  and  entered  the  Junior  class  in  this  in- 
stitution. 

"  The  round  of  college  duties  presents  few  marked  events. 
Time  has  left  no  record  of  most  of  the  occurrences  which  di- 
versified and  enlivened  the  period  from  1797  to  1799.  How 
the  two  friends  studied,  and  read,  and  discussed,  and  recreated 
together,  has  been  lost,  just  as  the  facts  of  our  daily  life  will 
be  lost  sixty  years  hence.  They  made  constant  and  good 
progress.  They  were  about  equally  good  scholars,  neither  of 
them  being  a  dead  weight  upon  the  other.  Each  was  happy 
in  the  other's  proficiency.  The  amount  of  learning  requisite 
for  a  degree  was  less  then  than  now.  Sciences  have  been  in- 
troduced into  the  course  which  were  then  in  their  infancy. 
But  it  may  be  doubted  whether  the  students  of  our  day  have 
the  advantage  over  those  of  an  earlier  period,  in  respect  to 
thoroughness  as  well  as  extent  of  attainment.  They  read 
fewer  books,  in  the  first  years  of  the  college,  but  they  thought 
the  more.  They  were  as  well  disciplined  and  able,  and  as 
competent  to 'handle  a  difficult  subject,  I  imagine,  as  our  stu- 
dents, if  they  were  not  as  well  informed.  We  know  from 
the  esteem  in  which  Shurtleff  was  held  by  the  Trustees  and 
Faculty,  as  it  appeared  not  long  after  his  graduation,  that  he 
was  one  of  the  best  scholars  of  his  time. 

"  Peculiar  interest  attaches  to  the  religious  experience  of 
Shurtleff  during  his  college  course. 

"  He  had  performed  some  of  the  duties  of  a  Christian  before 
he  supposed  himself  to  possess  the  Christian  character.  The 
first  school  he  taught  he  opened  daily  with  prayer,  persevering 
in  the  practice  as  a  conscientious  duty,  in  spite  of  many  mis- 
givings and  much  timidity.  And  this  he  did  in  every  school 
he  afterward  taught.  He  kept  up  the  habit  of  secret  prayer, 
at  the  same  time,  asking  more  earnestly  than  for  anything 
else,  that  his  weak  eyes  might  be  cured,  and  that  he  might 
have  the  means  of  intellectual  improvement. 


232  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  He  seems  to  have  supposed  that  during  his  senior  winter 
vacation  he  became  a  true  Christian. 

u  Soon  after  his  return  to  college,  he  intimated  a  desire  to 
a  classmate,  who,  as  he  supposed,  was  the  only  professor  of 
religion  in  the  class,  to  join  with  others  in  a  private  meeting 
for  religious  conference  and  prayer.  He  had  never  attended, 
or  even  heard  of  such  a  meeting.  After  a  little  delay  he  was 
surprised  to  learn  from  his  friend  that  such  a  meeting  as  he 
had  proposed  had  been  held  for  years,  and  that  he  was  desired 
to  attend.  On  the  Saturday  evening  following,  he  and  five  or 
six  other  persons  assembled,  and  by  the  free  interchange  of 
thought  and  feeling,  and  the  apparently  humble  prayers  that 
were  offered,  he  felt  himself  greatly  refreshed  and  quickened. 
On  leaving  college  he  regretted  the  loss  of  nothing  more  than 
of  these  Saturday  evening  conference  meetings. 

"  The  time  had  now  come  for  choosing  a  profession.  His 
success  in  teaching  led  him  to  seek  for  a  situation  in  an  acad- 
emy ;  but  no  opening  of  this  kind  presented  itself,  and  he  be- 
lieved himself  thus  providentially  called  to  preach  the  gospel. 
There  were  at  the  time  no  theological  seminaries  ;  the  stu- 
dents of  the  distinguished  clergymen  who  gave  instruction  in 
theology  were  supposed  to  represent  the  views  of  their 
teacher ;  and  that  he  might  not  be  thought  to  go  forth  as  the 
advocate  of  some  exceptionable  ism,  Mr.  Shurtleff  chose  to 
study  theology  by  himself.  Having  pursued  this  course  one 
year,  he  was  appointed  a  tutor  in  the  college,  and  at  the  same 
time  was  licensed  to  preach.  The  pressure  of  a  considerable 
debt  hastened  the  period  of  obtaining  license,  but  we  may  be 
certain,  from  the  opportunities  subsequently  enjoyed,  and 
from  the  character  of  the  man,  that  any  deficiency  he  may 
have  felt  at  first,  from  hasty  preparation,  was  abundantly 
supplied. 

"  Mr.  Shurtleff  continued'  in  the  tutorship  from  1800  to 
1804,  and  was  also  engaged,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  time, 
in  preaching  in  vacant  parishes. 

"  After  the  close  of  the  four  years'  tutorship,  Mr.  Shurtleff 
was  appointed  a  professor  of  Divinity  in  the  college.  It  was 
a  part  of  his  duty  to  preach  to  the  students  and  the  people  of 
the  village.  The  church  was  at  that  time  Presbyterian.  The 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  233 

predecessor  of  Professor  Shurtleff  —  Professor  Sylvanus  Rip- 
ley  —  had-  been  the  pastor  of  this  church.  Since  his  death, 
in  1787,  Dr.  John  Smith,  professor  of  Languages,  previously 
associate  pastor  with  Professor  Ripley,  had  been  the  sole  pastor 
of  the  church.  Dr.  Backus,  of  Conn.,  Dr.  Worcester,  of 
Salem,  and  Dr.  Alexander,  of  Princeton,  had  been  appointed 
at  different  times  to  the  vacant  professorship,  but  all  had 
declined,  in  consequence,  as  it  was  supposed,  of  the  influence 
of  Dr.  John  Wheelock,  the  second  president  of  the  college. 
Professor  Shurtleff  accepted  the  office,  expecting  that  the  same 
causes  which  had  kept  it  so  long  vacant  would  render  it  an 
uncomfortable  post.  The  difficulties  which  he  feared,  He  was 
called  to  encounter.  The  president  wished  him  to  become 
the  colleague  of  Professor  Smith  in  the  pastoral  office,  but  he 
refused,  —  agreeing  in  his  decision  with  the  views  of  the  largest 
part  of  the  church  and  of  the  village.  In  consequence  of  this 
disagreement,  a  controversy  ensued  which  lasted  several  years, 
and  ended  in  the  law- suit  between  the  college  and  the  State, 
in  1816-17.  In  July,  1805,  twenty-two  persons,  professors 
of  religion,  were  constituted  '  The  Congregational  Church  at 
Dartmouth  College.'  To  this  church,  and  the  religious  society 
of  which  it  was  a  part,  Professor  Shurtleff  was  invited  to 
preach,  performing  pastoral  labors  so  far  as  his  other  duties 
would  permit.  Professor  Smith  was,  meanwhile,  the  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  till  the  time  of  his  death,  in  April, 
1809.  Professor  Shurtleff  was  ordained  as  an  evangelist,  at 
Lyme,  N.  H.,  in  1810.  He  continued  in  this  relation  until 
the  year  1827. 

"  The  literary  labors  of  his  office  would  have  been  quite 
sufficient  to  occupy  all  his  time.  In  addition  to  these,  an 
amount  of  work  nearly  equal  to  that  of  any  pastor  of  a  church 
was  imposed  on  him  —  fully  equal,  perhaps,  we  shall  say,  if 
we  consider  the  character  of  the  congregation  to  whom  he 
ministered.  He  was  faithful  and  assiduous,  both  as  a  preacher 
and  a  pastor.  But  he  performed  the  many  duties  of  his  sta- 
tion with  acceptance  and  success.  And  he  had  the  satisfac- 
tion of  seeing  that  his  efforts  were  crowned  with  the  special 
blessing  of  God.  In  1805  God  displayed  his  saving  power 
among  the  students  and  people  of  the  village.  As  many  as 


234  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

forty  persons  became  Christians  during  the  revival.  But  the 
most  extensive  and  powerful  work  of  grace,  probably,  which 
the  church  ever  enjoyed  was  that  of  1815.  The  revival  be- 
gan in  the  hearts  of  God's  people.  Some  of  the  pious  stu- 
dents resolved  that  they  would  every  day  talk  with  some 
unconverted  person  respecting  the  interests  of  his  soul.  The 
effect  of  this  soon  appeared  in  a  general  religious  awakening. 
In  one  week  forty  persons  expressed  hope  in  Christ,  and  in 
four  weeks  as  many  as  one  hundred  and  twenty  persons  were 
supposed  to  be  converted.  There  were  also  revivals  in  1819, 
1821,  and  1826,  —  that  of  1821  being  the  most  extensive,  and 
embracing  among  the  converts  a  greater  number  of  citizens 
than  of  students.  Public  religious  meetings  were  less  numer- 
ous during  the  revivals  than  in  most  of  those  of  a  later  period. 
It  was  before  the  day  of  protracted  meetings.  Perhaps  there 
was  less  reliance  then  on  means,  and  more  on  the  Spirit*  of 
God.  It  was  not  thought  necessary  that  business  should  be 
suspended,  and  every  day  converted  into  a  Sabbath.  But 
such  means  as  the  state  of  feeling  seemed  to  require  were 
faithfully  used.  Professor  Shurtleff  was  never  happier  than 
when  engaged  in  conversation  with  inquirers,  or  in  conduct- 
ing meetings  for  conference  and  prayer.  The  informality  and 
freedom  of  these  meetings  made  them  attractive.  They  were 
probably  quite  as  useful  as  the  more  regular  ministrations  of 
the  pulpit.  The  speaker  can  say  that  he  never  visited  a  more 
solemn  place  than  the  old  district  school-house  —  which  stood 
where  the  brick  school-house  now  stands  —  often  was,  on  a 
Sunday  evening  during  the  progress  of  a  conference  meeting. 
A  distinguished  professor  of  a  neighboring  college,  who  was 
here  in  1815,  says  that  '  The  evidence  of  an  increasing  serious- 
ness among  the  students  at  large,  in  that  revival,  was  first 
shown,  so  far  as  I  can  recollect,  by  the  more  crowded  attend- 
ance at  these  meetings.'  Not  that  the  more  formal  services 
of  the  Sabbath  were  not  also  impressive  and  profitable.  The 
same  gentleman  says  of  the  preaching  of  Professor  Shurtleff 
at  this  time  :  '  The  general  impression  made  on  me  by  sev- 
eral of  his  sermons  I  remember  to  the  present  day.  I  liked  to 
hear  him  preach,  even  before  I  took  any  especial  interest  in 
religion  as  a  personal  concern.  His  sermon  on  the  text, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  235 

"  The  harvest  is  past,  the  summer  is  ended,"  etc.,  produced 
a  deep  effect  at  the  time  of  its  delivery  which  was  not 
soon  forgotten.  I  remember  the  stillness  and  solemnity  of 
the  audience.  This  sermon  must  have  been  delivered  some 
little  time  before  the  revival.'  The  same  gentleman  further 
states,  that  4  During  the  whole  of  this  revival,  and  the  gather- 
ing in  of  the  fruits  of  it  into  the  church,  Professor  Shurtleff 
was  the  leading  instrument  of  the  work,  so  far  as  human 
agency  was  concerned.  He  went  into  it  with  his  whole  heart. 
I  have  seen  him  and  his  excellent  wife  almost  overpowered 
with  joy  when  told  of  a  new  case  of  conversion  among  the 
students.  He  did  a  great  deal  —  all  that  one  man  could  do, 
as  it  seemed  to  me  —  to  promote  the  good  work  by  his  own 
personal  efforts.'  It  is  in  the  power  of  the  speaker  to  give 
similar  testimony  respecting  the  revival  of  1821. 

"  When  Professor  Shurtleff  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
professorship,  and  for  many  years  afterward,  he  met  with 
much  opposition.  But  his  position  was  constantly  growing 
stronger,  both  as  it  respects  the  sympathy  of  his  Christian 
brethren  and  the  clergy,  and  his  popularity  as  an  instructor. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  learn  that  there  was  a  whisper  of  dis- 
content with  his  instructions  during  the  whole  of  the  period 
from  1804  to  1827.  The  testimony  of  one  of  the  best  students 
of  the  Class  of  1816  is,  that  '  As  an  instructor,  particularly  in 
Moral  Philosophy,  he  was  much  thought  of ;  and  we  were 
careful  never  to  miss  one  of  his  recitations  on  this  subject. 
His  way  of  putting  questions,  and  answering  such  as  were 
proposed  to  himself,  showed  great  judgment  and  shrewdness.' 
Quite  a  number  of  persons  in  the  classes  for  seven  or  eight 
years  following  the  time  here  referred  to,  were  preeminent  as 
scholars  and  as  men.  May  not  the  fact  be  partly  accounted 
for  by  the  impulse  and  guidance  of  the  mind  of  this  in- 
structor? He  constituted  a  large  portionof  the  faculty  from 
1815  to  1819,  there  being  at  that  time  only  two  professors,  — 
Professor  Adams  and  Professor  Shurtleff.  The  graduates  of 
the  college  who  had  been  his  pupils  were  never  backward  in 
acknowledging  their  obligations  to  him. 

"  In  1810,  Professor  Shurtleff  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Anna  Pope,  only  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  Pope  of 


236  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Spencer,  Mass.  Of  her  he  said,  '  She  was  truly  an  helpmeet 
—  one  who  did  me  good  and  not  evil  all  the  days  of  her  life.' 
By  her  vivacity  and  cheerfulness  she  was  eminently  fitted  to 
comfort  him  in  his  hours  of  suffering  and  depression.  But  it 
pleased  God  to  take  her  from  him  in  March,  1826,  after  hav- 
ing enjoyed  with  her,  during  sixteen  years,  a  degree  of  do- 
mestic happiness  which  rarely  falls  to  the  lot  of  man.  He 
also  lost  two  children,  sons,  in  1820,  after  a  brief  illness. 
Respecting  the  oldest,  he  had  already  begun  to  indulge  very 
pleasing  anticipations,  although  he  was  less  than  five  years  old 
at  the  time  of  his  decease.  Little  did  the  speaker  then  know, 
when  helping  to  carry  to  the  grave  the  remains  of  these  chil- 
dren, who,  if  they  had  survived,  would  now  have  been  men  of 
mature  age,  what  hopes  he  was  assisting  to  bury  !  But  who 
knows  the  future  ?  It  was  better  they  should  die,  than  that 
they  should  live  to  dishonor  him  and  themselves.  The  hus- 
band and  father  mourned  incessantly,  though  not  without 
resignation,  for  these  bereavements,  till  the  time  of  his  own 
death. 

"  In  1825,  Professor  Shurtleff  was  in  very  feeble  health, 
from  the  spring  till  Commencement.  The  Trustees  adjourned 
at  that  time  to  reassemble  in  November,  supposing  it  might 
be  necessary  then  to  appoint  another  professor  of  Divinity. 
But  by  the  blessing  of  God  on  medical  advice  and  careful 
nursing,  he  was  able  to  resume  instruction  before  the  meeting 
of  the  Trustees. 

"  In  January,  1827,  Professor  Shurtleff  was  transferred 
from  the  professorship  of  Divinity  to  one  newly  established, 
of  Moral  Philosophy  and  Political  Economy,  which  he  filled 
till  the  year  1838,  when,  by  his  own  resignation,  his  active 
labors  in  the  college  ceased.  It  was  understood,  when  this 
appointment  was  made,  that  Professor  Shurtleff  should  in- 
struct in  all  the  Senior  classes,  and  should  also  hear  the  reci- 
tations of  other  classes  in  particular  branches.  During  the 
last  half  of  this  period,  he  preached  in  vacant  neighboring 
parishes.  No  particular  account  of  the  literary  labors  of  these 
years  can  be  required.  Any  one  of  them  may  be  regarded  as 
a  fair  sample  of  the  rest.  A  member  of  the  class  of  1828  can 
testify  that  that  class  greatly  enjoyed  his  instructions.  We 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  237 

never*  heard  the  summons  to  the  recitation-room  without 
pleasure.  We  were  always  interested  and  excited,  always 
profited.  The  questions  were  put  by  the  professor  in  the 
plainest  Saxon.  They  were  well  adapted  to  develop  the 
knowledge  or  the  ignorance  of  the  student,  as  the  case  might 
be,  but  not  to  give  him  undue  assistance.  If  there  was  any- 
thing in  the  text-book  which  was  obscure,  the  questions  made 
it  plain.  A  clearly  wrong  opinion  advanced  by  an  author  was 
briefly,  yet  thoroughly,  exposed.  His  own  opinions  were 
lucidly  stated  and  sustained,  and  for  the  time  being,  at  least, 
we  seldom  saw  reason  to  differ  from  him.  The  recitation  was 
enlivened  with  anecdote,  illustration,  and  wit,  and  never 
dragged  heavily.  If  our  objections  were  sometimes  curtly 
silenced,  it  was  so  effectually  and  handsomely  done  that  we 
bore  it  with  perfect  good-nature.  He  ever  lent  a  willing  ear 
to  our  real  difficulties,  and  assisted  in  their  removal.  To- 
gether with  unusual  freedom  in  the  mode  of  conducting  the 
recitations,  there  was  good  order  and  earnest  attention  to  the 
subject  in  hand.  He  knew  how  to  control  us,  while  he  had 
with  us  all  the  sympathy  of  a  young  man  and  an  equal.  I 
think  it  was  the  opinion  of  the  class  that  Professor  Shurtleff, 
in  his  ripe  manhood,  had  few  equals  as  an  instructor. 

"  At  the  time  of  his  retirement,  in  1838,  Dr.  Shurtleff  had 
been  in  the  service  of  the  college  thirty-eight  years.  After 
what  manner  he  has  lived  among  us  since  that  time,  most  of 
this  audience  know.  He  has  not  been  noticeably  active  in  the 
affairs  of  the  village,  but  when  you  have  met  him  in  private 
intercourse,  you  have  known  that  he  retained  the  fine  social 
qualities  —  the  love  of  story-telling,  and  the  keen,  yet  harm- 
less wit  —  for  which  he  was  always  remarkable.  Those 
whose  memory  goes  back  thirty  years,  must  have  noticed,  I 
think,  that  he  became  more  uniformly  serene  and  cheerful  in 
the  latter  part  of  his  life.  The  old  graduates  of  the  college 
who  revisited  the  place  know  how  cordially  he  received  them, 
and  with  what  hearty  zest  he  recalled  with  them  the  scenes 
of  their  college  days.  He  continued  to  be  deeply  interested 
in  the  prosperity  of  the  college,  and  he  was  the  means  of  elicit- 
ing in  its  behalf  the  interest  and  the  benevolence  of  his  friends. 
He  continued  the  habit,  commenced  at  an  early  period,  of  as- 


238  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

sisting  students  who  were  in  needy  circumstances.  *  These 
were  objects  of  benevolence  toward  which  he  was  naturally 
drawn.  In  his  feelings  he  never  grew  old,  but  carried  for- 
ward the  vivacity  of  youth  into  old  age,  and  always  enjoyed 
the  society  of  the  young.  He  loved  to  have  young  men  about 
him  ;  and  he  has  thus,  by  his  unobtrusive  charities  and  coun- 
sels, and  his  interesting  and  instructive  conversation,  been  a 
benefactor  to  a  large  number  of  students.  The  spiritual  wel- 
fare of  the  college  was  near  his  heart.  He  had  passed  through 
many  revivals  of  religion,  and  he  longed  for  the  return  of  such 
seasons.  He  devoutly  observed  the  days  set  apart  for  prayer 
for  colleges,  and,  as  you  remember,  often  urged  the  students, 
assembled  on  those  occasions,  to  give  their  hearts  to  God. 

"  When  he  left  his  post  as  an  instructor  he  was  sixty-five 
years  old.  After  this  he  had  more  than  twenty-two  years  of 
leisure,  during  which  he  retained,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  the 
vigor  of  his  intellectual  powers.  But  he  had  good  and  suffi- 
cient reasons,  as  he  judged,  for  his  resignation ;  and  no  new 
and  suitable  field  of  labor  presenting  itself  to  a  man  who 
wanted  but  a  few  years  of  threescore  and  ten,  he  could  enjoy 
the  offered  leisure  with  a  good  conscience,  occupying  it  with 
such  pursuits  as  his  taste  suggested.  Even  at  the  time  when 
his  labors  were  the  most  multiplied,  and  the  church  and  the 
college  were  successively  engaged  in  bitter  controversy,  he  had 
but  little  to  do  with  administrative  and  practical  matters. 
Even  then  a  life  of  reflection  appeared  to  be  more  attractive 
than  a  life  of  action.  And  when  his  public  duties  were  ended, 
he  naturally  chose  such  a  life.  He  was  still  intellectually 
active.  He  could  not  let  his  faculties  sink  into  sluggish  re- 
pose if  he  would.  His  temperament  would  not  suffer  it.  If 
he  was  not  a  hard  student,  he  was,  what  he  had  always  been, 
a  thinking  man  to  the  last." 

In  a  published  notice  of  Professor  Shurtleff,  by  Professor 
(now  President)  Brown,  we  find  the  following  language : 

"  The  life  of  Dr.  Shurtleff  extended  over  the  largest  and 
most  important  part  of  that  of  the  institution  itself.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  he  was  college  preacher,  and  at  the  same 
time  pastor  of  the  church  on  Hanover  Plain,  —  during  which 
period  more  than  two  hundred  persons  connected  themselves 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  239 

with  the  church,  a  large  proportion  of  them  by  original  pro- 
fession. In  the  contest  of  the  college  with  the  State,  he  and 
the  late  venerable  Professor  Adams,  with  the  president,  con- 
stituted the  permanent  Faculty  for  instruction  and  govern- 
ment. Upon  the  issues  then  presented  he  exerted  a  full 
measure  of  influence,  though  it  was  comparatively  quiet  and 
private. 

"  As  a  professor,  Dr.  Shurtleff  had  some  remarkable  quali- 
ties. He  possessed  a  mind  of  extraordinary  subtleness  and 
acuteness,  ever  alert,  active  and  ingenious.  Whatever  he 
saw,  he  saw  distinctly,  and  was  able,  with  equal  clearness,  to 
express  to  another.  If  a  student  were  really  perplexed,  he 
knew  how  to  relieve  him  by  a  pertinent  example  or  illustra- 
tion, but  it  was  generally  done  by  a  question  or  a  suggestion 
which  demanded  the  activity  of  the  student's  own  mind,  and 
disciplined  while  it  helped  him.  If  a  pupil,  on  the  other 
hand,  were  captious,  or  conceited,  he  was  apt  to  find  himself, 
before  he  suspected  it,  inextricably  entangled  in  a  web  of  con- 
tradictions, where  he  was  sometimes  left  till  he  came  to  a 
sense  of  his  weakness,-  or  till  he  was  dismissed  with  the  benign 
declaration  that  ;  he  might  sit.' 

"  Dr.  ShurtlefFs  wit  was  sharp  and  pungent,  and  on  any 
occasion  which  involved  the  exercise  of  it  he  was  quite  equal 
to  his  part.  He  sometimes  engaged  in  controversy,  and 
versed  as  he  was  in  all  logical  art,  those  who  encountered  him 
once  were  seldom  anxious  to  provoke  a  second  contest.  His 
opinions,  both  religious  and  philosophical,  were  early  settled 
and  firmly  held.  He  was  in  nothing  given  to  change ;  his 
friends  were  generally  the  friends  of  his  life,  and  those  who 
were  familiar  with  his  habits  of  thought  could  easily  tell 
where,  upon  any  given  question,  he  would  probably  be  found. 

"  His  interest  in  young  men  was  a  noticeable  trait  in  Dr. 
Shurtleff  s  character,  while  preacher  to  the  college ;  the  effect 
of  his  private  conversations  and  friendly  advice  was  almost 
equal  to  that  of  his  public  ministrations.  His  quiet  study 
was  often  the  scene  of  meetings  for  prayer  or  religious  con- 
versation from  which  were  carried  away  influences  for  good, 
never  to  be  forgotten,  and  for  which  many  were  grateful  to 
their  dying  day. 


240  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  The  efforts  of  deserving  young  men  to  obtain  a  liberal 
education  always  excited  his  sympathy,  and  there  has  seldom 
been  a  time  for  many  years  when  some  such  one  has  not  been 
a  member  of  his  own  family,  aided  and  encouraged  by  his 
kindness.  The  number  thus  assisted  no  one  can  now  tell,  nor 
probably  could  he  himself.  It  was  greater  than  most  persons 
would  think  possible. 

"  The  last  twenty  years  of  his  life  Dr.  Shurtleff  spent  in 
dignified  retirement,  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  competency,  and 
in  full  exercise  of  his  faculties.  He  especially  enjoyed  the 
visits  of  former  pupils,  no  one  of  whom  seemed  to  be  lost  from 
his  retentive  memory,  and  the  annual  commencements  were 
always  exhilarating  reunions  to  him.  His  conversation,  at 
such  times  especially,  abounded  in  anecdote  and  reminis- 
cences of  earlier  days,  and  his  cheerfulness  survived  to  the 
end.  He  has  seldom,  of  late  yeajs,  taken  part  in  any  public 
service,  the  last  time  he  did  so  being  at  the  meeting  of  the 
alumni  of  Dartmouth  in  1859,  to  initiate  measures  for  prop- 
erly noticing  the  death  of  Mr.  Choate." 

A  volume  would  be  required  to  set  forth  adequately  the 
value  of  the  public  services  of  this  distinguished  educator, 
who  acted  a  most  important  part  in  strengthening  the  foun- 
dations and  adorning  the  superstructure  of  a  leading  literary 
institution.  Professor  Shurtleff  died  at  Hanover,  February 
4,  1861. 


CHAPTER   XXII. 

PROFESSOR  EBENEZER  ADAMS. —  PROFESSOR  ZEPHANIAH  S. 
MOORE.  — PROFESSOR  CHARLES  B.  HADDOCK. 

PROFESSOR  EBENEZER  ADAMS  succeeded  Professor  Hub- 
bard.  From  a  reliable  source  we  have  received,  in  substance, 
the  following  statements : 

"Ebenezer  Adams,  the  son  of  Ephraim  and  Rebecca  (Locke) 
Adams,  was  born  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  October  2,  1765. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  in  moderate  circumstances,  and 
having  a  large  family  of  children,  nineteen  in  all,  he  could  not 
give  them  many  educational  advantages,  but  they  shared  in 
such  as  were  commonly  enjoyed  in  those  days.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch,  however,  earnestly  desired  something  more ;  he 
had  set  his  heart  upon  obtaining  a  higher  education,  and  ulti- 
mately succeeded  in  doing  so.  After  becoming  nearly  or 
quite  of  age,  he  commenced  preparation  for  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, which  he  entered  in  1787,  graduating  with  honor  in 
1791,  and  in  the  following  year  he  became  preceptor  of 
Leicester  Academy,  where  he  remained  fourteen  years,  la- 
boring faithfully  and  very  successfully  in  the  instruction  of 
•those  under  his  care.  While  there  he  married,  in  1795,  Miss 
Alice  Frink,  of  Rutland,  Mass.,  who  died  early,  leaving  five 
young  children.  In  1806  he  removed  to  Portland,  where  he 
engaged  as  teacher  in  the  academy,  and  it  was  while  resid- 
ing there  that  he  came  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Pay  son,  and  in  a  time  of  general  revival  he  was  deeply  inter- 
ested in  religious  truth  and  became  a  subject  of  renewing 
grace.  He  publicly  professed  his  faith  in  Christ  and  united 
with  Dr.  Payson's  church.  While  there  he  formed  a  second 
marriage  with  Miss  Beulah  Minot,  of  Concord,  Mass.,  who 
became  the  mother  of  his%two  youngest  children,  and  the  sub- 

16 


242  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

sequent  year  he  taught  in  Phillips  Academy,  Exeter,  but  he 
did  not  long  remain  there. 

"  In  1809,  he  was  called  to  Dartmouth  College,  where  for 
one  year  he  was  Professor  of  Languages,  and  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  the  professorship  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philoso- 
phy, and  Astromony,  which  he  held  until  the  appointment  of 
a  successor,  in  1833.  As  a  teacher  he  was  faithful,  patient, 
laborious,  earnestly  desiring  the  best  good  of  his  pupils,  whose 
affection  he  often  succeeded  in  gaining,  their  esteem  always. 
Possessed  of  much  intellectual  force,  of  sound  and  varied 
attainments  in  learning,  which  he  had  the  happy  faculty  of 
imparting  to  others  clearly  and  distinctly,  he  was  thus  emi- 
nently fitted  for  the  position  of  instructor,  so  many  years  occu- 
pied by  him.  He  was  truly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
college,  and  ever  ready  to  make  efforts  and  sacrifices  for  it, 
and  in  those  dark  days,  when  its  fate  hung  in  suspense,  he  was 
deeply  anxious,  and  had  no  small  share  in  aiding  and  sustain- 
ing it  through  the  struggle.  During  President  Brown's  ill- 
ness, and  after  his  death,  for  more  than  two  years  in  all,  he 
filled  the  office  of  president  in  addition  to  his  own,  thus  hav- 
ing a  great  increase  of  care  and  responsibility,  and  the  same 
thing  occurred  on  other  occasions,  when  the  college  was  tem- 
porarily without  a  head.  He  did  not  enjoy  the  situation,  for 
while  he  truly  delighted  in  teaching,  he  found  the  enforcement 
of  discipline  very  irksome ;  still  he  was  faithful  and  energetic 
in  it  when  it  became  his  duty. 

"  He  was  interested  in  every  good  cause,  philanthropic  and 
religious,  especially  in  the  Bible  Society,  of  which  he  was  for 
many  years  the  presiding  officer  in  New  Hampshire ;  in  the 
Colonization  Society,  which  he  then  thought  the  only  possible 
agency  for  removing  the  curse  of  Slavery ;  in  Foreign  Mis- 
sions and  in  Temperance,  of  which  he  was  an  earnest  and  able 
advocate.  In  this  connection  it  should  be  mentioned  that  he 
was  Trustee  and  Treasurer  of  Kimball  Union  Academy,  at 
Meriden,  almost  from  its  first  commencement  until  nearly  the 
close  of  his  life,  and  in  the  success  and  prosperity  of  that  in- 
stitution he  always  felt  a  deep  interest,  and  labored  to  pro- 
mote its  welfare. 

"  After  his  resignation  in  1833,  he  devoted  much  of  his  lei- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  243 

sure  to  objects  of  public  interest,  to  the  affairs  of  the  town 
and  village,  in  which  several  important  trusts  were  committed 
to  him,  and  of  the  church,  in  which  for  years  he  had  worthily 
filled  the  office  of  deacon.  In  these  he  was  actively  and  use- 
fully employed,  even  to  the  last,  and  thus,  in  the  unfailing 
resource  of  reading  and  study  which  he  enjoyed,  in  the  society 
of  attached  friends,  and  of  the  dear  family  circle,  those  closing 
years  of  his  life  passed  away  cheerfully,  happily,  leaving 
blessed  memories  behind  them.  He  was  quite  active  in  his 
habits  and  usually  of  firm  and  vigorous  health.  It  almost 
seemed  as  if  he  had  been  stricken  down  in  his  full  strength,  so 
sudden  and  short  was  his  last  illness.  A  heart-disease,  of 
which  he  had  suffered  some  symptoms  a  few  months  before, 
attacked  him  with  great  violence,  and  after  ten  days  of  intense 
suffering  and  distress,  during  which  he  manifested  a  true  sub- 
mission to  God's  will,  and  a  calm  reliance  in  Christ,  his  aton- 
ing Saviour,  he  'fell  asleep  in  Jesus,'  August  15,  1841. 

"  The  college,  the  church,  the  village,  mourned  his  depart- 
ure, but  nowhere  was  it  so  deeply  felt  as  in  the  home  which  had 
so  long  been  blest  with  his  presence  and  affection.  For  in  all 
family  relations  he  was  most  truly  kind  and  affectionate,  in 
social  life,  genial  and  friendly,  especially,  even  to  the  last, 
delighting  in  little  children,  and  in  the  society  of  the  young, 
generous  and  public-spirited,  of  spotless  integrity  in  business 
affairs,  faithful,  earnest  and  skillful  as  a  teacher,  in  all  his 
ways  a  sincere  and  humble  follower  of  the  Lord  Jesus." 

His  associate,  Professor  Stowe,  says  : 

"  Professor  Adams  was  one  of  the  stoutest  of  that  noble 
band  of  men  who  upheld  Dartmouth  College  in  the  great 
crisis  through  which  it  passed,  and  thus  established,  not  only 
the  principles  on  which  that  venerable  and  most  useful  insti- 
tution maintained  its  existence,  but  gave  the  foundation  for 
permanency  to  all  other  educational  institutions  in  our  coun- 
try, for  it  was  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  Dartmouth  College  case,  that  became 
the  magnet,  charta  of  all  our  colleges. 

"  Sailors  speak  of  4  men  who  in  a  storm  can  ascend  to  the 
mast-head,  and  hold  on  with  their  eyelids'  while  they  use 
both  hands  to  adjust  the  rigging.  Such  were  the  men  who 
saved  Dartmouth  College  during  that  great  conflict. 


244  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  A  little  girl  once  said  that  if  God  really  did  make  the 
whole  universe  in  six  days,  she  should  like  to  know  what  he 
stood  on  while  he  was  making  it. 

"  Such  a  question  has  often  occurred  to  me  in  thinking  of 
that  period  in  the  history  of  Dartmouth  College.  What  had 
the  champions  of  the  college  to  stand  on  ?  But  they  did 
stand,  and  did  their  work  completely,  and  for  all  time. 

"  Professor  Adams  had  just  the  qualities  for  such  an  emer- 
gency. His  was  the  sturdy  self-reliance,  the  unshrinking 
courage,  the  indomitable  perseverance,  and  the  unwavering 
faith  in  God,  which  holds  what  it  has  and  carries  what  it 
holds.  His  was  not  the  coward's  courage,  which  consists  in 
the  denying  of  the  danger,  but  the  courage  of  the  brave  man, 
which  sees  the  danger  and  faces  it." 

A  pupil  says : 

"Professor  Adams  was  '  a  manly  man,'  well-proportioned, 
broad-shouldered,  with  a  commanding  presence  and  amiable 
countenance.  He  was  bold,  earnest,  energetic,  persevering ; 
artless,  and  honest  as  the  day.  He  said  exactly  what  he 
meant.  His  mental  vision  was  clear,  strong,  and  accurate. 
Imagination  was  never  active  ;  oratory  was  not  his  forte. 
Demonstrative  evidence  suited  him  best.  In  his  religious 
character  he  was  conscientious,  devout,  and  reverent,  never 
excited  nor  sentimental." 

In  "  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit "  we  find 
this  account  of  PROF.  ZEPHANIAH  SWIFT  MOORE.  uHe 
was  the  son  of  Judah  and  Mary  (Swift)  Moore,  and  was  born 
at  Palmer,  Mass.,  November  20,  1770.  His  parents  were  in 
the  middle  walks  of  life,  and  were  much  esteemed  for  their 
integrity  and  piety.  When  he  was  seven  or  eight  years  old, 
he  removed  with  his  father's  family  to  Wilmington,  Vt., 
where  he  worked  upon  a  farm  till  he  was  about  eighteen. 
From  his  early  childhood  he  evinced  great  inquisitiveness  of 
mind,  and  an  uncommon  thirst  for  knowledge ;  in  consequence 
of  which,  his  parents  consented  to  aid  him  in  acquiring  a  col- 
legiate education.  Having  prosecuted  his  preparatory  studies 
at  an  academy  in  Bennington,  Vt.,  he  entered  Dartmouth 
College,  when  he  was  in  his  nineteenth  year.  He  graduated 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  245 

in  1793,  and  delivered  on  the  occasion  a  philosophical  ora- 
tion on  the  '  causes  and  general  phenomena  of  earthquakes,' 
which  was  received  with  marked  approbation. 

"  On  leaving  college,  he  took  charge  of  an  academy  at  Lon- 
donderry, N.  H.,  where  he  gained  the  reputation  of  an  able 
and  faithful  teacher.  Having  occupied  this  post  for  a  year, 
he  repaired  to  Somers,  Conn.,  and  commenced  the  study  of 
Theology  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  Backus ; 
and,  having  gone  through  the  usual  course  of  preparation  for 
the  ministry,  was  licensed  to  preach  by  a  committee  of  the  As- 
sociation of  Tolland  County,  February  3,  1796.  After  preach- 
ing to  good  acceptance  in  various  places,  and  receiving  several 
invitations  to  a  permanent  settlement  in  the  ministry,  he  finally 
accepted  a  call  from  the  Congregationl  church  and  congrega- 
tion in  Leicester,  Mass.  Here  his  labors  proved  alike  accep- 
table and  useful.  Very  considerable  additions  were  made  to 
the  church,  and  the  spirit  and  power  of  religion  became  in- 
creasingly visible  under  his  ministrations.  During  a  part  of 
the  time  that  he  resided  at  Leicester,  he  joined  to  his  duties 
as  a  minister  those  of  principal  of  the  Leicester  Academy  ; 
and  here,  also,  he  acquitted  himself  with  much  honor. 

"In  October,  1811,  he  accepted  the  chair  of  professor  of 
Languages  in  Dartmouth  College.  Here  he  was  greatly  re- 
spected as  a  man,  a  teacher,  and  a  preacher  ;  and  if  his  at- 
tainments in  his  department  were  not  of  the  very  highest 
order,  they  were  at  least  such  as  to  secure  both  his  respecta- 
bility and  usefulness. 

"  In  1815,  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  Williams  Col- 
lege, then  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Fitch.  He  ac- 
cepted the  appointment,  and  was  regularly  inducted  into  office 
at  the  annual  Commencement  in  September  of  that  year. 
Shortly  after  his  removal  to  Williamstown,  Dartmouth  College, 
which  he  had  just  left,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  adorned  this  new  station,  as  lie  had 
done  those  which  he  had  previously  occupied.  His  connection 
with  the  college  was  attended  by  some  circumstances  of  pe- 
culiar embarrassment,  in  consequence  of  an  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  Trustees  to  remove  the  college  to  Northampton  or 
some  other  town  in  Hampshire  County.  The  measure  failed 


246  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

in  consequence  of  the  refusal  of  the  Legislature  to  sanction  it. 
Dr.  Moore,  however,  decidedly  favored  it  from  the  beginning, 
but  in  a  manner  that  reflected  not  in  the  least  upon  his  Chris- 
tian integrity  and  honor. 

"  In  the  spring  of  1821,  the  collegiate  institution  at  Amherst, 
Mass.,  having  been  founded,  he  was  invited  to  become  its  Presi- 
dent, and  was  inaugurated  as  such  in  September  following. 
The  institution,  then  in  its  infancy,  and  contending  with  a 
powerful  public  opinion,  and  even  with  the  Legislature  itself, 
for  its  very  existence,  put  in  requisition  all  his  energies ;  and 
the  ultimate  success  of  the  enterprise  was  no  doubt  to  be  re- 
ferred, in  no  small  degree,  to  his  discreet,  earnest,  and  untir- 
ing efforts.  In  addition  to  his  appropriate  duties  as  president 
and  as  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  he  heard  the  reci- 
tations of  the  Senior  class,  and  part  of  the  recitations  of  the 
Sophomore  class,  besides  taking  occasional  agencies  with  a  view 
to  increase  the  funds  of  the  institution.  His  constitution,  nat- 
urally strong,  was  over-taxed  by  the  efforts  which  he  felt  him- 
self called  to  make,  and  had  begun  perceptibly  to  yield,  before 
the  last  violent  attack  of  disease  which  terminated  his  life. 

"  On  Wednesday,  the  25th  of  June,  1823,  he  was  seized  with 
a  bilious  colic,  which  reached  a  fatal  termination  on  the  Mon- 
day following.  During  the  brief  period  of  his  illness,  the 
greatest  anxiety  prevailed  in  the  college,  and  unceasing  prayer 
was  offered  in  his  behalf.  His  own  mind  was  perfectly  tran- 
quil, and  he  anticipated  the  closing  scene  and  passed  through 
it  without  a  word  or  look  that  told  of  apprehension.  In  the 
very  moment  of  breathing  out  his  spirit,  he  uttered  in  a 
whisper,  —  c  God  is  my  hope,  my  shield,  my  exceeding  great 
reward.'  The  funeral  solemnities  were  attended  on  the 
Wednesday  following,  and  an  appropriate  sermon  was  deliv- 
ered on  the  occasion  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Snell,  of  North  Brook- 
field. 

"  Dr.  Moore  lived  to  celebrate  the  first  anniversary  of  the  in- 
stitution, and  to  see  more  than  eighty  of  its  students  profess- 
edly religious,  and  preparing  for  extensive  usefulness  among 
their  fellow  men. 

"  Shortly  after  his  settlement  at  Leicester,  he  was  married  to 
Phebe,  daughter  of  Thomas  Drury,  of  Ward,  now  Auburn, 
Mass.,  who  survived  him.  They  had  no  children. 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE.  247 

"  Dr.  Moore  published  an  Oration  at  Worcester  on  the  5th  of 
July,  1802 ;  Massachusetts  Election  Sermon,  1818 ;  an  Ad- 
dress to  the  public  in  respect  to  Amherst  College,  1823 ;  a 
Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Dorus  Clark,  Blandford,  1823." 

FROM  THE  REV.  EMERSON  DAVIS,  D.  D. 

"  WESTFIELD,  Mass.,  November  16,  1849. 

"  DEAR  SIR  :  You  have  requested  me  to  give  you  my  im- 
pressions and  recollections  of  President  Moore.  They  are  all 
exceedingly  pleasant,  and  yet  I  must  say  he  was  a  man  of  such 
equanimity  of  temper  and  uniformity  of  life,  that  I  am  unable 
to  single  out  one  act  or  saying  of  his  that  produced  a  deeper 
impression  than  others. 

"  My  first  introduction  to  him  was  in  the  spring  of  1818,  when 
I  was  ushered  into  his  study  with  a  letter  of  recommendation 
for  admission  to  Williams  College.  It  was  to  me  a  fearful 
moment,  but  the  cordial  manner  in  which  I  was  received,  and 
his  kind  inquiries  after  his  friend  who  had  furnished  me  with 
a  letter,  made  me  at  once  easy  in  his  presence.  I  found  that 
he  had  the  heart  of  a  man,  and  through  an  acquaintance  of 
several  years,  to  the  time  of  his  death,  he  manifested  the  same 
kindness  and  cordiality  that  he  did  the  first  time  I  saw  him. 

u  He  was  a  man  of  medium  stature,  rather  corpulent,  his  com- 
plexion sallow,  the  top  of  his  head  nearly  bald,  there  being  a 
slight  sprinkling  of  hair  between  the  forehead  and  crown. 
His  voice,  though  not  loud,  was  clear  and  pleasant,  and  in  an- 
imated conversation  and  in  the  pulpit  pitched  upon  the  tenor 
key. 

"  He  was  dignified  in  his  appearance,  serious  in  his  aspect,  in- 
structive and  agreeable  in  his  conversation,  kind  and  benevo- 
lent in  his  feelings,  modest  and  unassuming  in  his  manners, 
deliberate  and  cautious  in  coming  to  a  conclusion,  but  firm  and 
determined  when  his  position  was  taken.  If  a  student  had  at 
any  time  spoken  against  him,  he  would  have  been  regarded  as 
a  rebel  against  law  and  order.  In  managing  cases  of  disci- 
pline, he  was  calm  and  entirely  self-possessed. 

"  In  preaching,  he  had  very  little  action ;  and  yet  there  was 
an  impressiveness  in  his  manner  that  fixed  the  attention  of  his 
hearers.  In  the  more  animated  parts  of  his  discourse,  his  tit- 


248  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

terance  became  more  rapid,  and  the  sound  of  his  voice  shrill 
and  tremulous,  showing  that  he  felt  deeply  the  force  of  the 
sentiments  he  uttered.  In  his  religious  views,  I  know  not  that 
he  differed  from  the  great  mass  of  the  orthodox  clergy  of  New 
England,  of  his  day. 

"  Such  are  my  recollections  of  President  Moore. 

"  Yours  truly, 

"  EMERSON  DAVIS." 

The  following  tribute  to  one  of  Dartmouth's  most  eminent 
and  honored  teachers  is  from  a  "  Discourse  "  by  Professor 
(now  President)  Brown. 

"  CHARLES  BRICKET  HADDOCK  was  born  in  that  part  of 
Salisbury,  N.  H.,  which  is  now  Franklin,  June  20, 1796.  His 
mother  was  Abigail  Webster,  an  older  sister  of  Ezekiel  and 
Daniel  Webster.  She  had  two  children,  Charles  and  Will- 
iam. She  was  a  person  of  uncommon  excellence  and  loveli- 
ness, a  favorite  with  her  brothers,  who  always  spoke  of  her 
with  great  affection.  She  was  a  religious  woman,  and  on  her 
death-bed  manifested  great  solicitude  for  her  sons,  especially 
dedicating  the  oldest,  Charles,  to  the  Christian  ministry. 
This  expression  of  feeling  was  almost  the  only  recollection 
which  Mr.  Haddock  had  of  his  mother. 

"  The  place  of  his  birth  was  retired,  but  full  of  rural 
beauty  ;  the  rushing  Merrimac  making  sweet  music  of  a  sum- 
mer evening,  the  broad  intervals  basking  in  the  summer  sun, 
the  granite  mountains  '  dumbly  keeping  watch  all  round,' 
from  whose  summits,  looking  almost  to  the  White  Hills  on 
one  side,  and  almost  to  the  sea  on  the  other,  you  would  be- 
hold a  landscape  picturesque  and  lovely  beyond  the  power  of 
description.  The  quiet  scenes  of  his  youth,  the  simple  pleas- 
ures, and  the  common  amusements  of  village  life,  varied  with 
few  excitements,  could  not  have  been  without  their  effect 
upon  the  mind  of  a  sensitive  boy.  To  what  age  he  was  left 
to  these  alone,  I  do  not  know. 

"  He  fitted  for  college  mainly  at  the  academy  in  Salisbury, 
and  entered  in  1812.  Nature  had  done  more  for  him  than 
his  instructors,  and  he  very  soon  took  the  position,  which  he 
ever  maintained,  as  intellectual  leader  in  a  class,  which,  though 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  249 

small,  numbered  among  its  members  several  young  men  of  dis- 
tinguished ability..  In  that  little  community  he  was  at  once 
the  best  scholar  and  the  most  popular  man.  'In  looks,'  writes 
one  of  his  class-mates,1  c  Haddock  was  decidedly  the  most 
striking  man  in  the  class.  He  was  tall  and  well-proportioned. 
He  had  an  intellectual  cast  of  features,  a  well-chiseled  profile, 
—  and  altogether  you  might  pronounce  him  a  man  intended 
for  a  scholar,  and  destined,  if  he  lived,  to  make  his  mark  in 
the  world.  I,  who  entered  college  a  mere  boy,  singled  him 
out  the  first  day.  He  was  always  an  industrious  student.  He 
never  failed  of  a  recitation,  so  far  as  I  can  remember,  and  he 
never  failed  to  be  prepared  for  it.' 

"  Adding  thus  to  the  distinction  of  attainment  and  scholar- 
ship so  much  beauty  of  person,  so  much  modesty,  gentleness, 
and  propriety  of  demeanor,  it  was  natural  that  he  should  be 
regarded  as  a  model  young  man,  .nor  was  there  wanting  that 
profounder  moral  element,  without  which  no  character  can  be 
complete. 

"  The  year  1815  was  memorable  in  the  religious  history  of 
the  college.  The  period  immediately  preceding  had  been 
marked  by  unusual  religious  depression.  In  some  classes  only 
one  person,  and  but  a  few  in  any  of  them,  made  profession  of 
a  serious  religious  purpose.  Of  this  small  number,  there  were 
some,  however,  whose  feelings  were  deep,  and  whose  lives 
were  exemplary.  To  them,  —  not  more,  perhaps,  than  eight 
or  ten  in  all,  —  was  due,  under  the  Divine  favor,  the  moral 
regeneration  of  the  college.  First  among  those  who,  in  that 
'  Great  awakening,'  avowed  his  purpose  of  a  new  life,  was 
Mr.  Haddock,  then  in  the  summer  of  his  Junior  year.  The 
avowal  was  open,  unreserved,  and  decisive,  and,  it  is  almost 
unnecessary  to  add,  produced  a  strong  sensation.  From  that 
time  no  one  in  college  exerted  a  more  positive  influence  in 
favor  of  personal  religion,  and  not  a  few  traced  their  own 
most  serious  thoughts  to  his  example  and  to  his  faithfulness. 

"  This   change   in   his   feelings   naturally    determined   his 

course  in  life,  and  immediately  after  taking  his  first  degree 

he  entered  the  seminary  at  Andover  as  a  student  in  Theology. 

Here  he  pursued  the  profound  and  difficult  studies  of  his  pro- 

1  Professor  Torrey,  of  Burlington. 


250  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

fession  with  a  more  than  ordinary  breadth  of  scholarship, 
mingling  classical  and  literary  studies  with  those  of  theology, 
but  entering  with  zeal  and  a  chastened  enthusiasm  into  all  the 
duties  and  requirements  of  the  place. 

"  He  remained  at  Andover  about  two  years,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  a  threatened  pulmonary  complaint,  he  made  a  jour- 
ney to  the  South,  going  as  far  as  Savannah,  and  spending  the 
winter  in  various  parts  of  the  Southern  States.  Having  per- 
formed a  considerable  part  of  the  tour  on  horseback,  he  re- 
turned, in  1819,  invigorated  in  health,  and  with  a  mind  en- 
larged and  liberalized  by  what  were  then  quite  unusual  oppor- 
tunities of  observation  and  society,  and  was  at  once  appointed 
to  the  newly  established  chair  of  Rhetoric,  at  the  early  age  of 
twenty-three  years.  The  college  had  but  just  gained  the  vic- 
tory in  its  desperate  struggle  for  existence.  It  was  poor,  but 
hopeful,  and  it  moved  forward  with  a  policy  of  enlargement, 
determined  to  keep  pace  with  all  advancing  learning  and  cult- 
ure. 

"  Before  that  time,  the  duties  of  the  new  department  had 
been  distributed  among  all  the  college  officers,  and  necessarily 
must  have  lacked  something  in  fullness  and  method.  No 
other  New  England  college,  except  Harvard  and  Yale,  then 
possessed  such  an  officer,  and  the  first  appointment  to  the 
post  in  New  Haven  bears  date  but  two  years  earlier." 

4 '  As  an  instructor,  Professor  Haddock  was  one  of  the  best 
I  ever  knew.  I  never  knew  a  better.  It  is  with  unfeigned 
gratitude  that  I  remember  my  obligations  to  him,  and  I  know 
I  speak  for  thousands.  As  a  critic,  he  was  discriminating  and 
quietly  suggestive,  guided  by  a  taste  that  was  nearly  immacu- 
late. His  scholarship  was  unobtrusive,  and  his  manner  with- 
out ostentation.  He  made  no  pretense  of  knowledge,  but  it 
was  always  sufficient,  always  fresh,  always  sound.  The  range 
of  his  thought  was  broad.  His  mind  was  versatile  and  active. 
You  could  hardly  find  a  subject  with  which  he  was  not  some- 
what familiar,  or  in  which  he  would  not  readily  become  inter- 
ested. His  opinions  were  never  fantastic,  nor  exaggerated, 
nor  disproportioned.  He  was  not,  perhaps,  so  exacting  nor  so 
stimulating  a  teacher  as  some,  but  he  was  careful,  clear,  dis- 
tinct, and  encouraging.  He  saw  the  difficulty  in  the  mind  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  251 

the  pupil,  if  there  was  one,  adapted  himself  with  admirable 
facility  to  his  wants,  and  by  a  lucid  statement,  a  test  question, 
or  a  distinct  suggestion,  would  often  free  a  subject  from  its 
obscurity,  so  that  the  way  would  all  be  in  clear  sunlight. 
He  felt  that,  in  education,  the  best  results  are  not  produced 
violently,  but  by  influences  quiet  and  protracted,  gradually, 
but  potently,  moulding  the.  affections  and  the  life,  '  finely 
touching  the  spirit  to  fine  issues.' ' 

"  In  1846,  Professor  Haddock  published  a  volume  of  '  Ad- 
dresses and  Miscellaneous  Writings,'  gathered  from  reviews, 
and  from  his  speeches  before  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature, 
and  on  various  public  occasions.  These  are  marked  by  the 
peculiar  completeness  and  finish  which  characterized  all  his 
productions.  There  is  in  them  no  superfluous  word,  no  affec- 
tation, no  straining  after  effect,  but  much  that  is  wise  and 
everything  that  is  tasteful.  Yet,  interesting  as  they  are,  I 
hardly  feel  as  if  they  give  an  adequate  expression  of  his  rich 
and  varied  abilities.  His  more  recent  writings,  —  notes  of 
foreign  travels,  lectures,  and  discourses,  —  he  had  begun  to 
prepare  for  the  press,  when  he  was  so  suddenly  taken  from  us, 
and  I  am  glad  to  hope  that  some  of  them  may  yet  see  the 
light. 

"  For  many  years  Professor  Haddock  acted  as  secretary  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Education  Society.  In  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  this  office,  sometimes  little  more  than  a  sinecure,  he 
made  it  an  object  to  bring  before  the  society,  in  his  annual 
reports,  subjects  of  permanent  interest.  In  looking  them  over, 
I  perceive  such  topics  as  these  :  '  Objections  to  Charitable 
Education,'  4  The  Standard  of  Education  for  the  Pulpit,' 
4  The  Influence  of  Educated  Mind,'  c  Personal  Qualifications 
for  the  Pulpit,'  4  Manual  Labor  Institutions,'  '  The  Clergy 
the  Natural  Advisers  of  Young  Men,' '  Personal  Piety  in  Can- 
didates for  the  Christian  Ministry,'  '  Wisdom  in  Clergymen,' 
4  The  Eloquence  of  the  Pulpit  as  affected  by  Ministerial 
Character.'  These  addresses,  somewhat  brief,  never  impas- 
sioned, are  full  of  excellent  suggestions,  both  to  the  laity  and 
the  clergy.  They  abound  in  practical  wisdom,  and  any  one 
may  read  them  with  profit. 

44  In  all  his  writings  his  style  was  unambitious,  unaffected, 


252  DAKTMOTJTH  COLLEGE. 

chaste,  pure,  and  transparent  as  crystal.  It  was  true  to  his 
subject  and  himself.  If  not  fervid  and  vehement,  it  was  be- 
cause of  his  moderation  and  self-restraint ;  if  not  pungent  and 
dogmatic,  it  was  marked  by  sustained  earnestness  and  finished 
beauty.  If  he  had  not  predominantly  that  power  which  is 
called  by  the  older  rhetoricians  amplification,  he  eminently 
had  another,  as  rarely  met  with  in  perfection,  the  power  of 
exact,  unincumbered,  logical  statement.  There  was  some- 
times in  him  a  reticence  as  admirable  as  it  was  unique.  You 
wondered  why  he  did  not  say  more,  and  yet  if  he  had,  it 
would  only  have  injured  the  effect.  The  word  exactly  fitted 
the  sentiment.  The  idea  was  insphered  in  the  expression. 
There  was  no  excess  or  extravagance  in  anything  he  did  or 
said.  His  thoughts  glided  softly  and  sweetly  from  his  pen,  as 
a  rivulet  from  a  silver  fountain. 

"  I  have  sometimes  thought  that  Professor  Haddock's  intel- 
lectual powers  were  nowhere  displayed  to  more  advantage 
than  in  the  mingled  grave  and  gay,  learned  and  mirthful  in- 
tercourse of  social  life.  The  very  tones  of  his  voice,  sympa- 
thetic and  attractive,  the  absence  of  dogmatism,  or  super- 
ciliousness, or  self-assertion,  —  the  mingled  deference  and 
independence,  the  clear  and  sustained  thought,  the  ready  in- 
sight, the  quick  apprehension  of  proprieties,  the  intelligent, 
dexterous,  but  never  caustic  reply,  the  sure  appreciation  of  the 
feelings  of  others,  and  the  power  of  making  them,  even  the 
lowliest,  feel  that  what  they  said  was  listened  to  with  interest, 

—  the  sense  of  the  droll  and  ludicrous,  the  responsive  laugh- 
ter, not  boisterous,  but  hearty,  bringing  tears  into  the  eyes, 

—  all  gave  a  peculiar  charm  to  this  form  of  intercourse.     It 
was  a  ministry  of  beneficence,  diffusing  kindness,  intelligence, 
and  gentleness,  enlivening  many  a  dull  hour,  filling  many  a 
vacant  mind,  and  inspiring  many  a  worthy  purpose. 

"  4  Great  openness  and  candor,  good  sense,  the  reading  of 
a  scholar,  the  originality  of  a  man  who  sometimes  thought 
for  himself,  aspirations  after  excellence  much  higher  than 
those  of  many  others,  —  all  these  traits  came  out  in  his  fa- 
miliar talks,  in  which  he  rather  unbent  than  exerted  himself  ; 
at  the  same  time  he  was  as  gentle  and  attentive  a  listener 
as  a  man  could  wish,  a  truly  sociable  being,  with  whom  you 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  253 

could  talk  all  day,  and  then  all  night,  and  never  feel 
weary.' l 

"  In  1850,  he  received  from  Mr.  Fillmore  the  appointment 
of  Charge  d' Affaires  at  the  court  of  Portugal,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1851  sailed  for  Lisbon,  by  way  of  England.  I  have 
the  best  means  of  knowing  that,  while  at  Lisbon,  his  inter- 
course and  influence  with  the  Court,  and  with  the  representa- 
tives of  all  the  great  powers,  was  most  acceptable  and  most 
salutary.  His  residence  in  Portugal  was  in  many  ways  de- 
lightful. The  delicious  climate,  the  cultivated  and  refined 
society  of  the  diplomatic  circle,  temporary  rest  from  labor,  and 
change  of  scene  and  occupations,  were  all  sources  of  pleasure. 
Yet  here  he  was  touched  by  one  of  his  deepest  sorrows,  for  at 
Lisbon,  November,  1851,  '  by  the  side  of  Philip  Doddridge, 
in  the  English  cemetery,'  he  buried  his  youngest  son,  a  beau- 
tiful boy  of  eleven  years. 

"  He  returned  from  Portugal  early  in  1856,  after  an  absence 
of  nearly  four  years  ;  and,  having  previously  terminated  his 
connection  with  the  college,  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  at 
West  Lebanon." 

Prof.  N.  S.  Folsom  says  : 

"  Professor  Haddock  was  the  '  orator  suavi  loquenti  ore,' 
and  he  was  much  more  than  this.  Both  by  precept  and  ex- 
ample he  raised  the  standard  of  speaking  and  writing  among 
the  students,  and  stimulated  them  to  the  pursuit  of  a  manly 
eloquence.  There  also  prevailed  a  very  general  conviction  of 
his  sincerity  and  moral  earnestness,  and  of  his  interest  in  our 
successful  career  in  life.  The  themes  he  gave  led  us  to  dis- 
criminate both  intellectually  and  morally,  and  if  he  thought 
the  theme  worthily  treated,  a  kind  note  in  the  margin  of  the 
sheet  was  sure  to  tell  us  so.  The  spirit  in  which  he  met  the 
class  was  that  of  the  closing  paragraph  in  his  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Oration  of  1825 :  '  Young  men  of  my  country,  God  has  given 
you  a  noble  theatre,  and  called  you  into  life  at  the  most 
interesting  of  all  times.  Forget  not  that  you  are  descendants 
of  men  who  solemnly  dedicated  themselves  and  their  posterity 
through  all  coming  time  to  the  cause  of  free  and  enlightened 
reason  —  unrestricted  divine  reason  —  the  portion  inscribed 
1  Professor  Torrey. 


254  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

on  our  hearts  of  the  universal  law,  '  whose  seat  is  the  bosom 
of  God,  her  voice  the  harmony  of  the  world.'  Occasionally 
he  preached  in  the  Hanover  village  church,  where  the  stu- 
dents attended.  He  never  had  so  much  as  a  scrap  of  any 
notes  before  him ;  and  this  was  his  habit  also  at  White 
River,  where  he  steadily  officiated.  I  need  not  add  that 
the  students  always  were  greatly  delighted  when  they  had 
the  privilege  to  hear  him.  Every  discourse  was  as  complete 
as  though  it  had  been  carefully  written  and  committed  to 
memory ;  but  evidently  his  was  no  memoriter  preaching- 
One  sermon  I  particularly  remember,  delivered  early  in 
March,  1826,  from  the  words,  4  If  this  counsel  or  this  work 
be  of  men  it  will  come  to  nought,  but  if  it  be  of  God  ye 
cannot  overthrow  it;  lest  haply  ye  be  found  fighting  against 
God.'  (Acts  v.  38,  39.)  No  discourse  I  had  ever  heard 
in  my  whole  life  before  surpassed  this  in  eloquence  and 
weight  of  sentiment;  none  even  from  Dr.  Tyler  was  more 
magnetic,  more  persuasive  to  right  action  on  the  part  of 
an  already  awakened  conscience,  or  put  the  soul  more  di- 
rectly in  an  attitude  in  which  it  would  be  naturally  drawn 
towards  what  is  true  and  best.  My  recollection  of  the  feel- 
ing of  the  students  toward  him  is,  that  he  was,  on  the  whole, 
not  inferior  in  popularity  with  them  to  any  other  member  of 
the  Faculty.  There  is  no  man  I  could  name  so  absolutely 
faultless,  as  he  seemed  to  us  young  men  of  that  period.  I 
am  not  sure  that  his  prestige  and  charm  were  not  increased 
by  the  faultlessness  of  his  dress,  and  by  the  manifestations  of 
the  becoming  in  personal  appearance,  —  a  well-known  trait  of 
his  great  kinsman,  Daniel  Webster,  whom  he  not  distantly 
resembled  also  in  features,  port,  and  step,  and  in  distinct, 
measured  utterance.  Not  that  he  in  the  least  consciously 
imitated  him,  but  there  was  the  natural  growth  into  the 
likeness  of  the  object  of  his  admiration;  and  there  was,  as 
in  Mr.  Webster,  absolutely  no  affectation,  nor  sign  of  over- 
much thought  about  raiment,  nor  vestige  of  anything  like 
conscious,  personal  display." 

A  later  pupil  says  : 

"As  a  teacher  Professor  Haddock  was  remarkable  for  his 
dignity  and  refinement.  His  presence  among  young  men  was 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  255 

always  sufficient  to  maintain  perfect  order  and  decorum.  The 
true  gentleman  beamed  forth  from  every  feature  and  spoke  in 
every  tone  of  his  voice.  With  apparent  ease,  he  chained  the 
attention  of  the  most  thoughtless  to  the  most  abstruse  and 
uninviting  topics.  The  deep  things  of  Logic  and  Psychology 
he  handled  so  adroitly,  and  presented  so  tastefully,  as  to  give 
them  a  charm,  indeed,  a  fascination. 

"  In  the  recitation  room  his  words  were  few,  but  his  state- 
ments were  so  clear  and  so  elegantly  expressed,  that  what 
the  student  had  been  able  to  learn  only  partially  or  obscurely 
from  the  book  was  now  fully  comprehended  and  securely 
treasured  by  the  memory.  The  students  were  never  willingly 
absent,  for  it  was  always  a  delight  to  listen  to  his  instruc- 
tions, and  a  failure  to  be  present  was  counted  an  irreparable 
loss,  inasmuch  as  the  teacher  always  seemed  greater  than  the 
text-book. 

"  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  influence  of  such 
a  man  was  an  important  factor  in  the  last  two  years  of  our 
college  life.  His  noble  bearing,  his  handsome  face,  his  im- 
pressive manner,  his  uniform  kindness  and  courtesy,  and, 
especially,  his  manifest  appreciation  of  young  men  who  were 
struggling  against  heavy  obstacles  in  their  course  of  study, 
will  never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to 
be  under  his  tuition.  Nor  can  it  be  doubted  that  the  power 
of  his  refined  intellect  and  taste  has  been  felt  in  many  places 
where  his  name  has  never  been  heard." 

Professor  Haddock  married,  first,  Susan  Saunders,  daughter 
of  Richard  Lang,  of  Hanover ;  second,  Mrs.  Caroline  (Kim- 
ball)  Young,  daughter  of  Richard  Kimball,  of  Lebanon,  N.  H. 
He  died  at  West  Lebanon,  N.  H.,  January  15,  1861. 


CHAPTER   XXIII. 

PROFESSOR    WILLIAM    CHAMBERLAIN. —PROFESSOR    DANIEL 
OLIVER.  — PROFESSOR  JAMES   FREEMAN  DANA. 

WILLIAM  CHAMBERLAIN,  the  successor  of  Professor  Moore 
in  the  chair  of  Languages,  was  the  son  of  General  William 
and  Jane  (Eastman)  Chamberlain,  and  was  born  at  Peacham, 
Vt.,  May  24,  1797.  From  a  reliable  source  we  have  the  fol- 
lowing account  of  him : 

Perhaps  there  is  on  record  no  more  worthy  and  compre- 
hensive testimony  to  his  character  and  his  work  than  the 
few  lines  which  the  late  President  Lord  furnished  for  the 
inscription  on  his  tombstone.  They  read  : 

"  William  Chamberlain,  Jr.,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages in  Dartmouth  Colle'ge.  A  man  of  strong  intellect, 
distinguished  literary  attainments,  and  moral  worth. 

"  He  added  respectability  to  the  institution,  by  prudence, 
efficiency,  and  a  well-earned  reputation ;  and  contributed 
largely  to  promote  its  interests.  By  disinterested  and  un- 
wearied labors,  with  fidelity  in  all  his  relations,  beloved  and 
honored,  he  filled  up  the  measure  of  a  short  but  useful  life, 
and  died  with  humble  confidence  in  the  Divine  mercy, 
through  the  atonement  of  Jesus  Christ,  July  11,  1830,  aged 
33." 

He  gave  to  the  college  for  ten  years  the  unremitting  labor 
of  his  life,  and  we  may  say  his  life  itself.  To  his  abundant 
and  complete  work  as  a  teacher  he  added  the  labor  of  over- 
seeing the  material  affairs  of  the  college,  —  a  labor  devolved 
upon  him,  perhaps,  on  account  of  his  superior  executive 
ability. 

Thus  he  superintended  the  building  of  Thornton  and 
Wentworth  Halls,  and  employed  his  vacations,  and  particu- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  257 

larly  the  long  winter  vacation,  in  travelling  over  what  was 
then  the  wilderness  of  northern  New  Hampshire  and  Ver- 
mont, in  care  of  the  wild  lands  belonging  to  the  college. 
Stricken  with  pneumonia  on  one  of  these  journeys,  —  he  would 
not  wait  for  a  complete  convalescence  before  returning  to 
duty,  —  his  malady  assumed  the  chronic  form,  arid  terminated 
his  life  in  about  six  months  after  its  first  invasion. 

The  influences  of  his  early  life  were  such  as  may  well  have 
conduced  to  a  broad  and  strong  character. 

His  mother  belonged  to  a  family  long  identified  with  the 
early  history  of  southern  New  Hampshire. 

His  father,  General  William  Chamberlain,  after  serving  in 
the  armies  of  the  Revolution,  became  a  pioneer  settler  of 
northern  Vermont,  where  he  acquired,  a  handsome  estate  and 
a  prominent  public  position.  He  became  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State,  and  represented  it  in  Congress  for  several 
terms.  Among  his  public  services  may  be  mentioned  his  care 
for  the  Caledonia  County  Grammar  School,  where  his  sons 
were  fitted  for  college.  This  school  was  at  that  time  taught 
by  Ezra  Carter,  a  man  greatly  respected  for  his  attainments 
and  dignity  of  character. 

Thus  the  future  professor  grew  up  amid  the  versatile  life 
of  the  frontier,  surrounded  by  the  contests  and  traditions  of 
public  service. 

Distinguished  for  scholarship  in  college,  a  bold  but  pru- 
dent leader  among  his  classmates  in  their  conflicts  with  the 
University,1  immediately  after  graduation  he  became  the  pre- 

1  The  Rev.  Daniel  Lancaster,  of  the  Class  of  1821,  supplies  the  following  recol- 
lections of  the  assault  upon  the  college  libraries,  made  by  a  band  of  towns-people, 
under  the  guidance  of  Professors  Carter  and  Dean  of  the  University.  They  had 
forced  the  doors  only  to  find  that  the  books  had  already  been  removed,  and  them- 
selves thus  inclosed,  the  prisoners  of  the  college  students,  led,  among  others,  by 
senior  Chamberlain.  Mr.  Lancaster  continues :  "  Having  stationed  three  or  four 
of  his  classmates  at  the  door  of  the  library  to  prevent  ingress  or  egress,  he  as- 
cended a  few  steps  on  the  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  next  floor,  and  called  the 
excited  throng  to  order.  He  then  spoke  in  substance  as  follows:  'Fellow  stu- 
dents, we  are  in  the  midst  of  a  desperate  emergency.  The  door  of  our  library 
has  been  demolished.  The  vandals  have  entered  and  taken  possession,  but  we 
have  met  the  enemy.  They  are  our  prisoners  and  the  library  is  safe.  I  have 
come  from  the  president,  who  wishes  me  to  say  to  you  that  he  is  confident  you 
will  conduct  yourselves  as  gentlemen — using  no  violence  or  insult  —  in  all  the 
arrangements  to  be  adopted,  until  order  and  quiet  are  restored.' 
17 


258  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ceptor  of  Moors  Charity  School,  and  a  year  later  entered, 
as  a  student  of  law,  the  office  of  Daniel  Webste»  in  Boston. 
Thence,  in  his  twenty-fourth  year  he  was  recalled  to  the  col- 
lege as  professor  of  Languages,  and  in  the  ordinary  and  ex- 
traordinary service  of  the  institution  he  was  intensely  occu- 
pied for  the  remainder  of  his  short  life. 

A  life  so  brief  and  active  leaves  behind  it  little  but  its  ex- 
ample. Yet  I  shall  venture  to  extract  a  few  paragraphs  from 
an  address  delivered  by  him  on  the  4th  of  July,  1826,  the  end 
of  the  first  half  century  of  our  national  life. 

Remembering  that  they  were  written  at  a  period  before  the 
great  problems  which  have  since  controlled  our  history  were 
recognized  or  appreciated  among  the  people  at  large,  they 
will  be  found  to  indicate  a  moral  tone  and  a  political  pre- 
science quite  remarkable  in  a  young  man  of  twenty-eight 
years. 

.  ..."  I  have  already  alluded  to  it  as  the  first  of  the  ap- 
propriate duties  of  this  day,  to  turn  to  Heaven  in  the  exer- 
cise of  devout  gratitude,  and  render  thanksgiving  and  praise 
to  Him  who  was  the  God  of  our  fathers  in  the  day  of  their 
trial ;  who  gave  to  them  and  has  continued  to  us  a  fairer 
portion  than  was  ever  allotted  to  any  other  people.  Is  there 
one  in  this  consecrated  temple  of  the  Almighty  who  would 
not  join  in  the  offering  ?  I  know  it  is  unusual  to  dwell  long 
upon  such  considerations  at  a  time  like  this,  but  surely,  if 
there  ever  were  a  call  for  a  nation's  gratitude  to  God,  and 
ever  a  proper  occasion  for  expressing  it,  we  are  the  people  in 
whose  hearts  that  emotion  should  be  deep  and  permanent, 
and  this  is  a  time  to  give  it  utterance."  .... 

"  We  must  do  all  in  our  power  to  promote  liberal  feelings 

"  He  then  proceeded  to  marshal  them  in  two  files,  beginning  at  the  door  of  the 
library,  and  extending  down  stairs  to  the  lower  floor,  through  which  files  the 
University  professors  were  conducted,  each  under  escort  of  three  students,  to 
their  homes." 

General  H.  K.  Oliver,  of  Massachusetts,  a  member  of  the  then  Senior  class, 
gives  substantially  the  same  account.  He  adds  : 

"  Having  released  the  roughs  on  condition  of  good  behavior,  we  exacted  a 
promise  of  the  learned  professors  of  Mathematics  and  Dead  Languages,  '  that 
they  would  do  so  no  more.'  Classmates  Fox,  Shirley,  and  I  then  escorted  Pro- 
fessor Carter  home.  Dean  was  escorted  by  Crosby  (Hon.  Nathan  Crosby)  and 
others.  He  (Carter)  was  very  polite  to  us,  invited  us  in,  and  treated  us  with 
wine  and  cake." 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  259 

among  the  several  communities  and  sections  of  our  federal 
republic,  so  as  to  preserve  inviolate  the  Union  of  the  States. 
Were  this  Union  now  in  danger,  it  would  call  forth  a  more 
authoritative  voice  than  mine  ;  yet  it  may  be  in  danger  before 
the  close  of  another  half  century.  I  will  only  speak  my  own 
conviction,  that  the  States  cannot  be  separated  without  the 
destruction  of  the  country.  They  lie  together  on  the  bosom 
of  this  vast  continent,  a  protection  and  an  ornament,  each 
to  the  other,  and  all  to  each,  like  the  gems  on  the  breast- 
plate of  the  Jewish  Hierarch,  indicative  of  the  union  of  the 
Tribes,  mutually  lending  and  receiving  lustre."  .... 

"  We  must  root  out  from  among  ourselves  the  institution  of 
domestic  slavery,  or,  before  the  close  of  another  half  century, 
we  may  have  to  abide  the  consequences  of  a  servile  war.  In 
effecting  this  all-important  object,  we  must  indeed  proceed 
gradually,  temperately,  in  the  observance  of  all  good  faith  and 
good  feeling  toward  the  people  of  that  portion  of  our  Union 
on  which  the  curse  was  entailed  by  the  colonial  policy  of  the 
mother  country. 

"  It  is  a  work  which  demands  the  full  concurrence  of  all  the 
States,  and,  sooner  or  later,  it  must  be  accomplished.  Com 
mon  sense  will  not  cease  to  upbraid  us  with  inconsistency, 
humanity  will  not  be  satisfied,  nor  Heaven  fully  propitiated, 
while  we  hold  up  boastfully  in  one  hand  this  declaration,  af- 
firming that  "  all  men  are  created  equal,"  and  grasp  with  the 
other  the  manacles  and  the  scourge. 

"  Whatever  may  have  been  inferred  by  reason  from  a  differ- 
ence of  physical  attributes,  and  whatever  may  have  been  forced 
by  criticism  out  of  the  word  of  God,  the  traffic  in  human 
flesh  is  contraband  by  the  law  of  Nature  written  in  our 
hearts,  and  forbidden  by  the  whole  tenor  and  spirit  of  the  re- 
ligion revealed  in  the  Gospel. 

"  Even  in  the  darker  and  imperfect  dispensation  of  the  an- 
cient Jews,  every  fiftieth  year,  at  least,  brought  freedom  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  the  land.  It  is  almost  needless  to  say, 
that,  if  he  who  first  procured  the  slave  and  brought  him 
hither  had  no  right  to  do  so,  then  neither  could  he  who 
bought  him  acquire  a  rightful  ownership.  There  is  no  prop- 
erty to  a  private  man  in  the  life  or  the  natural  faculties  of 


260  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

another  ;  no  right  can  accrue  by  purchase,  or  vest  by  posses- 
sion, and  no  inheritance  on  either  side  descend.  A  title, 
which  by  its  very  nature  was  void  from  the  beginning,  can 
never  be  made  good  ;  a  dominion  which  Heaven  never  gave, 
must  be  perpetuated,  if  at  all,  by  means  which  it  will  never 
sanction."  .... 

Surely,  the  trumpet  of  this  youth  gave  no  "  uncertain 
sound." 

"One  blast  upon  that  bugle  horn 
Were  worth  ten  thousand  men." 

To  the  recognition  of  such  qualities  it  was  due,  probably, 
that  in  1829  he  was  called  to  New  York  city  to  assume  the 
editorship  of  a  journal  ("  Journal  of  Commerce  ")  founded  by 
an  association  of  gentlemen,  and  which  afterwards  exerted 
great  influence  upon  public  opinion.  He  declined  the  offer, 
unwilling  to  leave  his  Alma  Mater  at  a  critical  epoch  in  her 
history.  He  stayed  by  her  to  die  in  her  service. 

His  widow,  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  (Oilman)  Chamberlain,  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Joseph  Oilman,  of  Wells,  Me.,  and  niece  of  Mrs. 
President  Brown,  survived  him  twenty  years,  residing  at  Han- 
over. The  memory  of  her  moral,  intellectual,  and  social  worth 
is  warmly  cherished  by  all  who  knew  her. 

Mr.  Lancaster  adds :  "  Professor  Chamberlain  was  tall, 
erect,  square  built,  well-proportioned,  and  of  graceful  mien 
and  bearing,  —  such  a  man  as  the  eye  could  rest  upon  with 
pleasure.  His  voice  was  clear,  sonorous,  yet  smooth  and 
agreeable." 

Professor  Folsom  says : 

"  Professor  Chamberlain,  the  youngest  member  of  the  Fac- 
ulty, who  was  only  twenty-three  years  old  when,  in  1820,  he 
entered  on  his  professorship  of  the  Latin  and  Oreek  Lan- 
guages and  Literature,  and  only  thirty-three  when  he  died? 
was  much  admired  and  loved  and  reverenced  by  many  of  us. 
To  myself,  whenever  I  think  of  Dartmouth,  his  image  invari- 
ably appears,  and  he  stands  out  among  the  objects  presenting 
themselves  second  only  to  that  of  Dr.  Tyler,  as  the  latter 
appeared  when  at  his  best  and  noblest  in  the  pulpit.  It  was 
indeed  in  that  same  pulpit,  and  before  I  came  under  his  in- 
struction, that  I  first  heard  him,  when  he  delivered  an  oration 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  261 

on  the  Fourth  of  July  in  the  year  1826.  It  was  to  a  crowded 
audience,  filling  the  floor  and  the  galleries.  I  doubt  whether 
there  is  one  survivor  of  that  number,  whether  student  or 
townsman,  from  whose  recollection  can  have  faded  away  the 
image  of  the  orator,  his  form  and  attitude,  his  voice  and  ac- 
tion, and  some  of  his  thrilling  words,  especially  when  he  de- 
scribed the  nation  holding  in  one  hand  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  which  proclaims  human  equality,  and  with  the 
other  grasping  the  manacles  and  scourge  to  torture  millions  of 
human  beings  bought  and  sold,  and  compelled  to  labor  in 
slavery. 

Professor  Chamberlain  took  charge  of  the  Class  of  1828 
in  Latin  and  Greek  when  they  entered  on  their  Junior 
year.  As  soon  as  our  class  met  him  in  the  east  recitation- 
room  —  he  being  seated  at  a  small  table  on  his  left,  and  the 
class  in  lines  of  a  half-parallelogram  extending  on  the  right 
and  in  front  of  him — we  felt  that  we  had  come  under  a 
noble  teacher.  Some  of  us  who  loved  the  languages  that  he 
taught,  and  also  had  become  acquainted  with  the  best  of  the 
upper  classes,  carried  with  us  none  other  than  very  high  an- 
ticipations of  a  most  profitable  and  pleasant  term  of  study. 
And  so  it  proved.  How  he  used  to  electrify  us  at  times  by 
repeating  something  that  had  just  been  recited,  as  at  the 
close  of  the  Agricola  of  Tacitus,  his  strongly  marked  face  all 
lighted  up,  new  significance  and  something  like  inspiration 
being  given  us,  when  with  his  deliberate,  distinct,  emphatic, 
rhythmical,  rich  utterance,  flowed  out  that  prophetic  sentence 
in  the  world's  literature,  '  Quidquid  ex  Agricola  amavimus, 
quidquid  mirati  sumus,  manet  mansurumque  in  animis  homi- 
num,  in  aeternitate  temporum,  in  fama  rerum  !  ' 

"I  remember  that  while  my  class  were  in  the  (Edipus  Tyr- 
annus  of  Sophocles  and  the  Medea  of  Euripides,  I  was  suf- 
fering from  weak  eyes,  and  went  to  the  recitation-room  with 
no  other  preparation  than  that  of  hearing  each  lesson  twice 
read  to  me  by  two  different  students,  who  did  me  the  kind- 
ness to  perform  that  service.  But  with  Professor  Chamber- 
lain's luminous  explanation  and  comment,  no  Greek  of  my 
whole  college  course  more  deeply  interested  and  helped  me. 

"  He  heard  the  rehearsal  of  my  Commencement  oration, 


262  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

and  some  of  his  words  on  thut  occasion  I  have  not  ceased  to 
remember  with  gratitude.  Nor  was  I  the  only  one  who  re- 
ceived from  him  words  of  encouragement  that  proved  of  most 
valuable  service  in  our  subsequent  career.  Still  it  was  the 
moral  element  that  constituted  his  highest  power  of  influ- 
encing young  men,  and  was  his  distinguishing  personality. 
May  I  say,  for  one,  that  in  this  moral  and  spiritual  personal- 
ity he  has  again  and  again  come  to  me  since  his  departure, 
and  been  a  present  helper  toward  whatever  of  good  I  have 
attained  in  life. 

"  A  single  anecdote  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  love  with 
which  his  pupils  cherish  his  memory.  I  cannot  but  think  that 
every  survivor  of  my  class  must  have  some  recollection  of  the 
fact,  and  share  all  my  feelings  in  regard  to  it.  He  had  been 
occasionally  late  at  recitation,  and  the  class,  to  give  him  a 
lesson  of  promptness,  one  morning  having  assembled  as  usual 
after  service  in  chapel,  and  waited  some  four  minutes  past 
the  hour,  carried  the  vote  to  go  to  our  rooms  ;  and  so,  the 
professor  just  turning  the  corner,  and  hastening  up  the  slope, 
and  his  approach  being  announced  by  some  on  the  lookout, 
we  dashed  out,  through  the  rear  doors,  or  up  the  stairways, 
and  not  a  solitary  member  of  the  class  remained  in  the  room. 
The  next  morning  he  was  already  there  when  we  reached  the 
place,  made  no  remark  on  the  occurrence  of  the  previous  day, 
and  none  of  us  could  discern  in  him  the  faintest  trace  of  dis- 
pleasure. When,  two  years  after  we  graduated,  I  heard  of 
his  death,  I  remembered  a  slight,  hacking  cough  which  he 
had,  and  that  slightly  bent,  spare,  though  large  and  tall 
frame,  and  always  placid  face,  and  realized  for  the  first  time 
that  what  we  imputed  to  him  as  a  fault  was  the  hindrance  of 
disease,  and  possibly  of  sleepless  nights  ;  and  I  would  have 
given  a  world  for  an  opportunity  to  ask  his  forgiveness." 

1  The  writer  did  not  know  until  a  few  years  ago  that  he  was  related,  though 
somewhat  distantly,  to  the  wife  of  Professor  Chamberlain.  He  was  personally 
acquainted  with  her  from  his  Sophomore  year.  He  then  boarded  and  roomed  at 
Mrs.  President  Brown's  (Mrs.  C.'s  aunt).  Her  paternal  great-grandfather,  Rev- 
Nicholas  Oilman,  of  Durham,  N.  H.,  and  the  writer's  paternal  great-grandfather 
(as  well  as  maternal  great-great-grandfather),  Dr.  Josiah  Gilman,  of  Exeter,  N. 
H.,  were  brothers.  He  has  felt,  ever  since  he  knew  this  fact,  like  having  a  clearer 
rijrht  of  inheritance  in  Professor  Chamberlain. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  263 

Another  pupil  says  of  Professor  Chamberlain  : 
"  He  was  well-proportioned,  tall,  active,  and  energetic. 
His  expression  was  dignified  and  commanding.  In  his  word 
there  was  power.  Integrity  marked  all  his  life.  His  word 
was 'as  good  as  his  bond.  His  principles  were  firmly  grasped 
and  implicitly  followed.  His  intellectual  powers  were  of  a 
high  order.  He  impressed  every  acquaintance  with  his  intel- 
lectual greatness.  His  discourse  was  lofty  but  impressive. 

"  His  religious  life  was  less  marked  in  public.  He  united 
with  no  church,  though  he  was  a  man  of  prayer  and  from  his 
dying  bed  sent  a  religious  message  to  the  students." 

From  a  reliable  source  we  have  the  following  notice  of 
another  of  Dartmouth's  eminent  and  honored  teachers  : 

DANIEL  OLIVER,  whose  name  appears  on  the  list  of  teach- 
ers of  past  years  in  both  the  Medical  and  Academical  de- 
partments of  Dartmouth  College,  was  born  on  the  9th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1787.  He  was  the  third  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fitch 
Oliver,  at  that  time  rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Marblehead,  and 
belonged  to  a  family  distinguished  in  the  history  of  Massachu- 
setts from  the  earliest  period  of  the  colony.  He  was  a  direct 
descendant  of  Mr.  Thomas  Oliver,  whom  Winthrop  calls  "  an 
experienced  and  very  skilful  surgeon,"  and  who  acted  as  one 
of  the  ruling  elders  of  the  church  in  Boston  soon  after  his  ar- 
rival in  1632.  Through  his  mother  he  was  descended  from 
William  Pynchon,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
Colony,  and  the  Rev.  William  Hubbard,  the  historian  of  New 
England  ;  and  through  his  paternal  grandmother  he  was  a 
descendant  of  the  Rev.  John  Eliot,  the  noted  Indian  mission- 
ary. 

After  the  death  of  his  father,  which  took  place  at  Garrison 
Forest,  near  Baltimore,  before  he  had  attained  his  tenth  year, 
he  was  placed  in  the  care  of  Colonel  Lloyd  Rogers,  of  that 
city,  and  almost  immediately  commenced  his  preparatory 
course  for  college,  applying  himself  to  his  studies  with  great 
diligence,  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  1802.  Although 
fond  of  study,  and  possessed  of  a  mind  of  unusual  vigor  and 
brilliancy,  the  ambitions  of  college  life  do  not  seem  to  have 
dimmed  the  memories  of  his  forest  home  in  the  South,  and  in 


264  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

his  letters,  while  at  Cambridge,  he  more  than  once  recalls  the 
pleasant  hours  when  living  within  its  shades,  in  a  strain  at 
once  suggestive  of  a  refined  and  poetic  nature. 

To  one  of  his  thoughtful  and  contemplative  mind  it  is  not 
strange  that,  suddenly  transferred  from  the  quiet  of  home* life 
to  the  turmoil  of  college  scenes,  he  should  have  found  much 
that  was  distasteful ;  and  the  following  extract  from  a  letter 
to  him  from  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Story,  at  that  time  be- 
trothed to  his  eldest  sister,  and  with  whom  he  was  on  terms  of 
intimacy,  would  seem  to  imply  no  little  disquietude  on  the 
part  of  his  student  friend  during  the  earlier  years  of  his  life 
at  Cambridge. 

"  You  can  hardly  imagine  with  what  delight  I  recur  to  the 
days  which  I  spent  at  Cambridge.  In  the  delightful  seclusion 
from  noisy  vulgarity,  in  the  sweet  interchange  of  kind  senti- 
ments, and  in  the  mutual  competition  of  classic  pursuits,  I 
possessed  a  unity  and  tranquillity  of  purpose  far  beyond  the 
merits  of  my  later  years.  My  first  years  there  were  not 
marked  with  this  peculiar  character.  It  was  in  my  Junior 
and  Senior  years  that,  from  forming  a  choice  of  friends,  and 
participating  in  the  higher  views  of  literature,  I  felt  that 
happiness  resulted  in  the  activity  of  intellect  and  possession 
of  friendship.  That  period  will  in  future  be  yours ;  and 
though  you  may  start  with  surprise  at  the  thought  at  this 
moment,  that  period  will  be  marked  out  in  the  calendar  of 
your 'years  as  among  the  dies  fortunatos.  You  and  I  are  not 
widely  distinct  in  years,  and  you  can  therefore  readily  believe 
that  this  attachment  is  not  the  moral  relation  of  comparison 
and  experience  ;  no,  it  was  reality  which  charmed  me  when 
present,  and  reflects  a  lustre  in  remembrance.  Go  on,  then, 
my  dear  fellow,  in  the  academic  course  with  awakened  hope. 
A  high  destiny  awaits  you.  The  joys  of  youth  shall  give  spirit 
to  the  exertions  of  manhood,  and  the  pursuits  of  literature 
yield  a  permanent  felicity  attainable  only  by  the  votaries  of 
taste.  Sweet  are  the  attainments  which  accomplish  the  wishes 
of  friends.  Our  reliance  upon  you  is  founded  on  a  belief  that 
ambition  and  literature  will  unite  us  in  as  close  bonds  as  sym- 
pathy and  affinity. 

"  On  a  subject  so  interesting  to  me  as  my  collegiate  course 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  265 

I  seldom  reflect  without  melancholy  ;  not  a  harsh  and  dark 
brooding,  but  a  soft  and  tender  pensiveness  which 

"  '  Sheds  o'er  the  soul  a  sympathetic  gloom/  ^ 

"  The  thousand  associations  of  festivity,  pleasantry,  study, 
and  recreation  live  to  hallow  the  whole.  The  picture,  by  its 
distance,  loses  its  defects,  and  retains  only  the  strong  colorings 
of  primitive  impression.  Never  do  I  cast  my  eyes  on  that 
dear  seat  of  letters  but  I  exclaim  involuntarily  with  Gray : 

" '  Ah  !  happy  fields,  ah  !  pleasing  shade, 

Ah  !  groves  beloved  in  vain, 
Where  once  my  careless  childhood  strayed, 

A  stranger  yet  to  pain  ; 
I  feel  the  gales  that  round  ye  blow 

A  momentary  bliss  bestow/ 

"  By  the  way,  when  you  are  at  leisure  and  feel  a  little  dull, 
I  advise  you  to  take  up  some  of  our  good-natured  writers, 
such  as  Dr.  Moore,  Goldsmith,  Coleman,  Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  Smollett's  novels,  or  the  pleasant  and  airy  produc- 
tions of  the  muse.  These  I  have  always  found  a  powerful 
anti- splenetic  ;  and,  although  I  am  not  a  professed  physician, 
I  will  venture  to  prescribe  to  you  in  this  instance  with  all  the 
confidence  of  Hippocrates.  The  whole  system  of  nostrums 
from  that  arch-quack,  the  old  serpent,  down  to  the  far-famed 
Stoughton  of  our  own  day,  does  not  present  so  powerful  a 
remedy,  amid  all  its  antis,  as  cheerful  reading  to  a  heavy  spirit. 
I  will  venture  to  say,  in  the  spirit  of  Montesquieu,  that  an 
hour  of  such  reading  will  place  one  quietly  in  his  elbow  chair 
in  all  the  tranquillity  of  a  Platonic  lover." 

It  is  probable  that  Mr.  Story's  influence  was  not  without 
its  effect  in  reconciling  his  young  friend  to  college  life,  for 
he  was  very  soon  to  be  found  among  the  foremost  in  the 
race  for  honorable  distinction.  He  was.  graduated  with  dis- 
tinguished honor,  in  1806,  in  a  class  of  remarkable  ability, 
among  whom  were  the  late  Hon.  Alexander  Everett,  Judge 
William  P.  Preble,  Professor  J.  G.  Cogswell,- and  the  vener- 
able Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow,  its  last  surviving  member. 

After  leaving  college  he  began  the  study  of  law  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Story,  but  very  soon  abandoned  it,  and  en- 
tered the  office  of  his  uncle,  the  late  Dr.  B.  Lynde  Oliver,  of 


266  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Salem,  as  a  student  of  medicine.  In  1809,  he  entered  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  that  time  distinguished  by  the 
names  of  Rush,  Wistar,  and  Physick,  and  by  his  talents  and 
attainments  soon  attracted  the  notice  of  Dr.  Rush,  whose 
favorite  pupil  and  warm  friend  he  afterwards  became.  On 
receiving  his  medical  degree,  the  following  letter,  written  in 
terms  of  the  highest  compliment,  was  addressed  by  Dr.  Rush 
to  his  uncle  and  former  instructor. 

"  PHILADELPHIA,  May  1,  1810. 

"  DEAR  SIB  :  I  sit  down  with  great  pleasure  to  answer 
your  letter  by  your  nephew,  now  Dr.  Oliver,  and  to  inform 
you  at  the  same  time  that  he  has  received  the  honor  of  a  doc- 
tor's degree  in  our'  university  much  to  his  credit  and  the  sat- 
isfaction of  his  teachers.  From  his  singular  talents,  and  from 
his  acquirements  and  manners,  he  cannot  fail  of  becoming  emi- 
nent in  his  profession.  Long,  very  long,  may  he  live  to  re- 
flect honor  upon  all  who  are  related  to  him,  or  who  have  been 
instrumental  in  opening  and  directing  his  acute  and  capacious 
mind  in  the  prosecution  of  his  studies  !  Be  assured  he  carries 
with  him  my  highest  respect  and  sincere  affection. 

"  With  respectful  compliments  to  the  venerable  patriarch  of 
medicine,  Dr.  Holyoke  (if  not  translated  to  a  better  world), 
"  I  am,  dear  sir,  very  sincerely  yours, 

"  BENJAMIN  RUSH. 

"  DR.  B.  LYNDE  OLIVER." 

On  his  return  to  Salem,  Dr.  Oliver  commenced  the  practice 
of  medicine,  and  in  July,  1811,  as  appears  from  his  diary,  he 
connected  himself  with  Dr.  R.  D.  Mussey,  then  a  rising  young 
surgeon,  and  with  whom  he  was  afterwards  so  long  associated. 
From  the  following  entry  in  the  diary  referred  to,  under  date 
of  July  12,  1812,  may  be  learned  somewhat  of  his  tastes. at 
this  time,  and  his  mode  of  passing  the  waiting  hours  of  an 
early  professional  life : 

"  This  day  completed  the  first  year  of  my  connection  in  the 
medical  profession  with  Dr.  R.  D.  Mussey.  On  reviewing  this 
period,  I  am  sensible  of  a  great  loss  of  time,  and  of  a  degree 
of  professional  and  literary  improvement  altogether  inade- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  267 

quate  to  such  an  extent  of  time.  Some  improvement,  how- 
ever, has  I  hope,  been  made.  With  respect  to  the  books 
which  I  have  read  during  the  past  year,  the  most  important 
are  Mosheim's  4  Ecclesiastical  History/  which  I  have  not  yet 
quite  completed,  —  a  learned  and  judicious  outline  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  church,  embracing  many  collateral  topics  of  learn- 
ing and  philosophy  .  .  .  .  ;  Homer's  '  Iliad  '  in  Greek,  with 
the  exception  of  the  last  book ;  the  4  JEneid,'  except  the  last 
two  ;  two  or  three  books  of  Livy,  and  several  of  Juvenal's 
'  Satires/ 

"  The  most  important  literary  enterprise  which  I  have 
undertaken  and  accomplished  has  been  the  delivery  of  a  course 
of  lectures  on  Chemistry  in  connection  with  Dr.  Mussey.  In 
Anatomy,  also,  we  have  executed  something.  Medicine  will, 
in  future,  claim  more  of  my  attention,  but  not  to  the  neglect 
of  the  two  important  collateral  branches  above  mentioned." 

In  the  autumn  of  1815,  Dr.  Oliver  was  appointed  to  de- 
liver a  course  of  chemical  lectures  before  the  medical  class  at 
Dartmouth  College.  Although  he  had  thus  far  pursued  the 
study  of  chemistry  as  a  collateral  branch  of  medical  science, 
he  felt  warranted  in  accepting  the  appointment,  without,  how- 
ever, proposing  to  himself  a  more  permanent  position  in  this 
department. 

In  1817,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Robinson  Pulling, 
the  only  daughter  of  Edward  Pulling,  Esq.,  an  eminent  bar- 
rister of  Salem,  and  almost  immediately  went  again  to  Phil- 
adelphia to  avail  himself  of  the  advantages  of  that  seat  of 
medical  learning,  returning  to  Salem  in  the  spring  of  1818. 

In  the  following  year  he  was  induced  to  undertake,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Hon.  John  Pickering,  the  preparation  of  a 
Greek  lexicon,  a  work  involving  much  labor  and  research, 
and  the  larger  portion  of  which  fell  to  his  lot.  Although 
mainly  based  on  the  Latin  of  Schrevelius,  many  of  the  in- 
terpretations were  new,  and  there  were  added  more  than  two 
thousand  new  articles.  The  magnitude  of  the  task  and  its 
successful  accomplishment  at  once  raised  him  to  a  conspicuous 
rank  among  the  scholars  of  his  day. 

In  the  summer  of  1820  he  accepted  an  appointment  to  the 
professorship  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  and 


268  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  Dartmouth  College, 
where  he  delivered  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  the  fol- 
lowing autumn.  He  was  also  made  Professor  of  Botany,  and 
his  lectures  upon  Physiology  were  among  his  most  valuable 
contributions  to  medical  literature.  He  took  up  his  perma- 
nent residence  in  Hanover,  in  August,  1821,  and  from  this 
time  to  the  close  of  his  connection  with  the  college  he  was 
most  faithful  to  all  its  interests.  In  1825  he  was  appointed 
to  the  chair  of  Intellectual  Philosophy  in  the  Academical  de- 
partment of  the  college,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  the 
ability  that  distinguished  him  elsewhere.  The  address  de- 
livered by  him  on  the  occasion  of  his  induction  into  this  pro- 
fessorship, upon  the  "  Comparative  Importance  of  the  Study 
of  Mental  Science,"  was  thus  far,  perhaps,  his  most  successful 
literary  effort.  Clear,  comprehensive,  and  abounding  in  pas- 
sages of  remarkable  beauty  and  force,  it  established  the  repu- 
tation of  its  author  both  as  a  writer  and  a  metaphysician. 

In  1835  was  published  his  "  First  Lines  in  Physiology,"  a 
treatise  which  received  the  highest  commendation  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  It  passed  through  three  editions,  and  al- 
though the  rapid  advance  in  physiological  science  since  its 
publication  has"  long  since  led  to  its  disuse,  it  will  still  be  ad- 
mired by  medical  scholars  for  the  purity  of  its  style  and  the 
learning  it  everywhere  displays. 

In  the  spring  of  1837,  Dr.  Oliver  closed  his  connection 
with  the  college,  and  returned  to  Cambridge,  where  he  was 
temporarily  residing  at  the  time  of  his  appointment,  again  to 
resume  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He,  however,  delivered 
a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Dartmouth  Medical  School  in  the 
autumn  of  this  and  the  following  year.  He  was  also  induced, 
in  1840,  after  declining  professorships  both  in  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege, Baltimore,  and  in  Pennsylvania  University,  to  deliver  a 
course  of  lectures  on  Materia  Medica  at  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  but  he  resigned  the  chair  at  the  close  of  the  session, 
and  returned  again  to  Cambridge,  where  he  resided  to  the 
close  of  his  life.  Although  in  declining  health  at  this  time, 
he  did  not  relinquish  professional  practice  until  within  a  few 
months  of  his  death,  which  took  place  on  the  1st  of  June, 
1842. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  269 

During  his  comparatively  brief  career,  Dr.  Oliver  had  be- 
come widely  known  as  a  medical  and  general  scholar.  As  a 
teacher  in  the  various  departments  of  medical  science  with 
which  he  was  connected  he  was  also  eminently  successful. 
His  lectures,  always  prepared  with  great  care,  were  written 
with  remarkable  clearness  and  elegance,  and  were  often  list- 
ened to  with  attention  by  many  outside  the  ranks  of  the  pro- 
fession. "  His  lectures  to  the  under-graduates  of  the  college," 
says  a  contemporary,1  "would  be  thought,  I  am  persuaded, 
still  more  remarkable  than  those  upon  Physiology.  They 
were  intended  to  exhibit  the  present  state  of  mental  phil- 
osophy. And  the  singular  clearness  with  which  he  dis- 
criminated the  settled  points  of  absolute  knowledge  in  this 
comprehensive  and  yet  imperfect  science,  his  happy  develop- 
ment of  intricate  and  complicated  principles,  and  the  beau- 
tiful colors  which  a  true  poetic  spirit  enabled  him  now  and 
then  to  throw  over  the  bald  peaks  and  angles  of  this  cold 
region,  entitle  him  to  a  rank  among  metaphysicians  as  emi- 
nent as  he  maintained  in  his  appropriate  profession." 

"  The  intellectual  character  of  Dr.  Oliver,"  the  same 
writer  afterwards  adds,  in  language  admirably  chosen,  "  came 
nearer  than  it  has  been  my  fortune  to  observe  in  almost  any 
other  instance  to  the  idea  of  a  perfect  'scholar.  He  was  at 
once  profound,  comprehensive,  and  elegant.  Upon  no  subject 
which  he  had  considered  was  his  knowledge  fragmentary  or 
partial.  A  philosophic,  systematic  habit  of  mind  led  him  al- 
ways to  seek  for  the  principles  of  things,  and  to  be  satisfied 
only  with  the  truth.  The  compass  of  his  inquiries  was  as 
extraordinary  as  their  deptli.  He  had  investigated  with  care 
a  surprising  extent  of  knowledge.  A  master  of  his  own  lan- 
guage, and  minutely  acquainted  with  all  its  principal  pro- 
ductions, he  was  also  thoroughly  versed  in  the  Greek,  and 
familiar  with  the  original  works  which  have  given  to  that 
tongue  the  first  place  among  human  dialects.  The  German  he 
read  with  facility,  and  had  pursued  his  favorite  studies  in  the 
masters  of  its  profound  learning.  Of  French  and  Italian  he 
was  not  ignorant.  Music,  both  as  a  science  and  an  art,  was 

1  Eulogy  on  Daniel  Oliver,  delivered  by  Rev.  C.  B.  Haddock,  professor  of 
Belles  Lettres. 


270  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

his  delight  and  recreation.  In  the  arts  of  painting  and  sculp- 
ture his  information  was  liberal  and  his  taste  said  to  be  ex- 
cellent. Morals  and  politics  he  had  studied  in  their  theory, 
and  in  the  history  of  the  world.  His  acquaintance  with  civil 
history  was  among  the  most  extraordinary  of  his  attainments. 
The  beautiful  in  Nature,  in  life,  or  in  art  or  literature,  few 
men  have  so  exquisitely  enjoyed  or  so  justly  appreciated. 

"  Thus,  the  principal  elements  of  a  perfect  mind  seem  to 
have  been  singularly  united  and  harmonized  in  him,  —  exact- 
ness of  knowledge,  liberal  learning,  and  true  taste." 

Bred  from  infancy  in  the  Church  of  England,  Dr.  Oliver 
continued  to  the  end  a  faithful  member  of  that  communion, 
and  few  persons  have  had  a  firmer  faith  in  the  sublime  truths 
of  revealed  religion.  It  was  no  less  to  his  deeply  religious 
and  truthful  spirit  than  to  his  innate  love  of  right  that  may 
be  ascribed  that  regard  for  things  sacred,  that  singular  mod- 
esty, that  unfailing  courtesy,  and  the  high  sense  of  personal 
honor  that  distinguished  him.  It  had  been  his  desire,  at  a 
late  period  of  his  life,  to  become  a  candidate  for  Holy  Orders, 
a  step  for  which  his  ripe  theological  scholarship  and  his  crit- 
ical knowledge  of  Greek  and  Hebrew  had  already  prepared 
him,  but  his  age  deterred  him. 

Dr.  Oliver  had  published  little.  Besides  the  treatise  on 
Physiology  already  mentioned,  there  are  a  few  pamphlets 
containing  addresses  delivered  on  various  occasions,  the  most 
important  of  which  are  one  before  the  New  Hampshire  His- 
torical Society  in  1836,  and  that  before  the  college  at  the 
time  of  his  induction  into  the  professorship  of  Moral  and  In- 
tellectual Philosophy. 

Among  his  medical  manuscripts  may  be  mentioned  an  un- 
finished work  on  General  Pathology,  which,  had  he  lived  to 
complete,  would  have  added  to  his  reputation  as  a  medical 
author.  Among  his  papers  were  also  a  few  unpublished  ad- 
dresses and  a  few  short  and  fragmentary  poems,  the  effusions 
of  his  earlier  years,  all  characterized  by  that  elegance  of  style 
and  fine  poetic  taste  and  feeling  that  marked  their  author. 

A  member  of  many  learned  literary  and  medical  societies 
at  home,  Dr.  Oliver  was  honored  in  1835  with  a  diploma 
from  the  Academy  of  Sciences  and  Belles  Lettres  of  Palermo, 
and  in  1838  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  271 

The  following  notice  of  a  gentleman  of  rare  eminence  in 
the  scientific  world,  is  from  a  reliable  source  : 

JAMES  FREEMAN  DANA,  who  was  connected  as  a  teacher 
with  both  the  Academical  and  Medical  departments  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  was  born  at  Arnherst,  N.  H.,  September  23, 
1793.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Luther  and  Lucy  (Giddings) 
Dana,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  and  Hon.  Samuel  Dana.  On  the 
father's  side  he  was  descended  from  Richard  Dana,  who  was 
among  the  early  settlers  in  Massachusetts  ;  on  that  of  his 
mother  he  was  a  descendant  in  the  seventh  generation  from 
Rev.  John  Robinson,  the  pastor  of  the  noble  band  of  Pilgrims 
who  founded  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Dana  was  fitted  for  college  at  Phillips  Academy,  Exeter, 
N.  H.,  entered  Harvard  in  1809,  and  graduated  in  1813,  his 
name  standing  on  .the  catalogue  as  Jonathan  Freeman  Dana ; 
the  first  name,  by  which,  however,  he  had  never  been  known, 
was  changed  to  James,  by  act  of  legislature. 

Immediately  after  entering  Harvard,  Dana  showed  a  de- 
cided partiality  for  scientific  pursuits.  To  Natural  Philos- 
ophy, Natural  History,  and  Chemistry,  he  mainly  devoted  his 
attention,  making  excursions  into  the  surrounding  country  for 
the  purpose  of  examining  its  geological  structure,  and  collecting 
mineralogical  and  other  specimens.  The  result  of  these  ram- 
bles was  embodied  in  a  small  volume,  published  in  conjunction 
with  his  brother  Dr.  S.  L.  Dana,  in  1819,  entitled  "  Mineral- 
ogy and  Geology  of  Boston  and  its  Environs."  While  in  col- 
lege he  formed,  together  with  his  brother  and  several  class- 
mates, a  society  for  the  cultivation  of  Natural  Science  and 
Philosophy,  named  at  first  for  two  distinguished  French  chem- 
ists, but  afterward  known  as  the  Hermetic  Society.  Towards 
the  close  of  his  collegiate  course  he  was  appointed  to  assist 
Dr.  Gorham,  the  professor  of  Chemistry,  in  preparing  his 
experiments.  That  eminent  physician  and  chemist  soon  be- 
came so  much  interested  in  the  pupil  who  displayed  such 
assiduity  in  scientific  researches,  that  finding  he  intended  to 
pursue  the  study  of  medicine,  he  kindly  invited  him  to  do  so 
under  his  tuition. 

In  1813,  Mr.  Dana  commenced  his  studies  with  Dr.  Gor- 
ham, attending  lectures  at  the  Medical  College,  but  though 


272  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

he  became  well  acquainted  with  the  principles  and  practice  of 
the  profession,  he  never  relinquished  his  preference  for  Chem- 
istry and  Mineralogy.  He  became  an  active  member  of  the 
Boston  Linnsean  Society,  and  the  first  paper  read  before  it, 
entitled  "  An  Analysis  of  the  Incrustation  formed  upon  the 
Basket  of  Eggs  from  Derbyshire,  England "  (presented  by 
Judge  Davis),  was  read  by  him.  In  the  spring  of  1813,  the 
Corporation  of  Harvard  College  employed  Mr.  Dana  to  visit 
England  in  order  to  procure  suitable  apparatus  for  its  chemi- 
cal department.  During  his  stay  abroad  he  studied,  for  a 
time,  under  the  instruction  of  the  somewhat  distinguished 
Frederic  Accum.  In  consequence  of  this  absence  he  did  not 
receive  his  degree  of  M.  D.  till  1817,  that  of  A.  M.  having 
been  previously  conferred. 

In  the  autumn  of  1817,  Dr.  Dana  was  appointed  to  deliver 
a  course  of  chemical  lectures  to  the  medical  students  of  Dart- 
mouth College.  The  professors  in  the  Medical  School  were 
Dr.  R.  D.  Mussey  and  Dr.  Cyrus  Perkins.  These  lectures  were 
so  satisfactory  that  the  appointment  was  continued,  and  dur- 
ing the  autumns  of  1818, 1819,  and  1820,  he  lectured  at  Dart- 
mouth, residing  during  the  intervals  at  Cambridge,  where, 
in  January,  1818,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Matilda, 
third  daughter  of  Samuel  Webber,  D.  D.,  late  president  of 
Harvard  College. 

In  1821,  being  appointed  professor  at  Dartmouth,  Dr. 
Dana  removed  to  Hanover,  where,  relinquishing  the  practice 
of  medicine,  he  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  his  favorite 
studies,  to  which  was  now  added  Botany,  upon  which  he  de- 
livered some  courses  of  lectures. 

Dr.  Perkins,  the  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  removed  to 
New  York  after  the  dissolution  of  the  "  University  of  New 
Hampshire,"  and  the  late  admired  and  lamented  Dr.  Daniel 
Oliver,  of  Salem,  was  appointed  to  the  professorship.  Dr. 
Mussey,  celebrated  for  his  surgical  knowledge  and  skill,  re- 
mained as  the  head  of  the  Medical  School,  and  among  these 
gentlemen,  differing  widely  as ,  they  did  in  many  character- 
istics, the  warmest  friendship  subsisted.  During  the  intervals 
of  leisure  from  strictly  professional  duties,  Dr.  Dana  occupied 
himself  in  continuing  to  write  for  "  Silliman's  Journal,"  and 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  273 

in  frequent  excursions  to  various  parts  of  New  Hampshire,  for 
the  purpose  of  analyzing  the  ores  and  waters  of  mines  and 
springs.  His  published  analysis  of  the  waters  of  a  spring  in 
Burton,  N.  H.,  was  considered  so  scientific  a  production,  that 
he  was  written  to  as  to  accepting  a  professorship  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia.  Not  wishing  the  appointment,  he  declined 
becoming  a  candidate. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1825,  Professor  Dana  published  "  An 
Epitome  of  Chemical  Philosophy,"  designed  as  a  text-book 
for  his  own  classes,  but  which  was  afterwards  adopted  as  such 
in  two  other  institutions.  In  1826,  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  visitors  of  West  Point  Military  Academy,  and  soon  after 
his  return  was  chosen  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry,  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  University  of  New 
York,  to  which  city  he  then  removed.  He  was  elected  mem- 
ber of  the  Linnasan  Society  of  New  York,  and  accepted  an 
invitation  to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures  before  the  Athenaeum. 

During  his  residence  at  Hanover,  Professor  Dana  had  been 
much  interested  in  Electro-magnetism,  then  a  new  science,  and 
in  preparing  apparatus  for  exhibiting  its  wonders,  freely  stat- 
ing his  conviction  that  it  would  produce  more  astonishing  re- 
sults than  any  power  previously  known.  When  surprise  was 
expressed  at  his  selecting  for  his  Athenaeum  lectures  this  sub- 
ject, so  little  known  even  in  Europe,  and  in  which  so  few  in 
this  country  would  feel  any  interest,  Dr.  Dana  replied  that  he 
had  chosen  it  for  those  reasons ;  that  he  thought  it  time  for 
public  attention  to  be  directed  to  it,  as  he  was  certain  it  would 
lead  to  most  valuable  results,  and  that  he  should  endeavor  to 
render  it  popular.  How  far  he  succeeded,  the  delighted  audi- 
ences that  crowded  to  hear  him  bore  evidence.  Of  the  truth 
of  his  prediction  as  to  the  results  to  be  wrought  out  by  the 
science,  the  marvels  of  the  electro-magnetic  telegraph  bear 
witness  to  the  world. 

Samuel  F.  B.  Morse  was  then  following  his  profession  as  a 
painter  in  New  York,  and  lectured  upon  art  before  the  Athe- 
naaum.  An  intimacy  sprang  up  between  him  and  Dr.  Dana, 
whose  lectures  he  attended,  and  whom  he  used  to  visit  in  his 
laboratory,  thus  becoming  familiar  with  his  views  on  scientific 

18 


274  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

subjects.  Morse's  published  statements  as  to  the  origin  of 
his  knowledge  of  electro-magnetism  are  as  follows : 

"  I  learned  from  Professor  Dana,  in  1827,  the  rationale  of 
the  electro-magnet,  which  latter  was  exhibited  in  action.  I 
witnessed  the  effects  of  the  conjunctive  wires  in  the  different 
forms  described  in  his  lectures,  and  exhibited  to  his  audience. 
The  electro-magnet  was  put  in  action  by  an  intensity  battery ; 
it  was  made  to  sustain  the  weight  of  its  armature,  when  the 
conjunctive  wire  was  connected  with  the  poles  of  the  battery 
or  the  circuit  was  closed;  and  it  was  made  to  'drop  its  load' 
upon  opening  the  circuit.  These,  with  many  other  principles 
of  electro-magnetism  were  all  illustrated  experimentally  to 
his  audience.  These  being  the  facts,  to  whom  do  I  owe  the 
first  knowledge  which  I  obtained  of  the  science  of  electro- 
magnetism  bearing  upon  the  practical  delevopment  of  the 
telegraph  ?  Professor  Dana  had  publicly  demonstrated  in  my 
hearing  and  to  my  sight  all  the  facts  necessary  to  be  known 
respecting  the  electro-magnet The  volute  modifica- 
tion of  the  helix  to  show  the  concentration  of  magnetism  at 
its  centre,  adapted  to  the  electric  magnet,  the  modification 
since  universally  adopted  in  the  construction  of  the  electro- 
magnet, is  justly  due,  I  think,  to  the  inventive  mind  of  Prof. 
James  Freeman  Dana.  Death,  in  striking  him  down  at  the 
threshold  of  his  fame,  not  only  extinguished  a  brilliant  light 
in  science  —  one  which  gave  the  highest  promise  of  future 
distinction  —  but  the  suddenness  of  the  stroke  put  to  peril  the 
just  credit  due  him  for  discoveries  he  had  already  made. 
Dana  had  not  only  mastered  all  of  the  science  of  electro-mag- 
netism then  given  to  the  world,  a  science  in  which  he  was  an 
enthusiast,  but,  standing  on  the  confines  that  separate  the 
known  from  the  unknown,  was  at  the  time  of  his  decease  pre- 
paring for  new  explorations  and  new  discoveries.  I  could  not 
mention  his  name  in  this  connection  without  at  least  render- 
ing this  slight  but  inadequate  homage  to  one  of  the  most  lib- 
eral of  men  and  amiable  of  friends,  as  well  as  promising  phi- 
losophers of  his  age." 

The  delivery  of  these,  lectures  was  amongst  Dr.  Dana's  last 
public  efforts.  A  severe  cold,  resulting  in  an  attack  of  ery- 
sipelas affecting  the  brain,  terminated  his  brief  life  of  thirty- 
three  years,  on  the  15th  of  April,  1827. 


DARTMOUTH,  COLLEGE.  275 

In  the  various  relations  of  private  life  he  had  won  the 
warm  attachment  of  all  who  knew  him.  To  the  charm  of  a 
buoyant  and  affectionate  disposition  he  added  Christian  prin- 
ciple and  character.  During  his  student  life  at  Harvard,  he 
had  become  a  communicant  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  con- 
tinued a  devout  worshipper  according  to  her  liturgy.  Her 
Burial  Service  was  read  over  his  remains,  by  his  friend  Dr. 
Wainwright,  the  funeral  rites  being  performed  at  Grace 
Church,  on  the  17th  of  April. 

When  it  was  proposed,  in  1871,  by  the  National  Telegraph 
Monument  Association  to  erect  a  monument  to  Professor 
Morse,  at  Washington,  the  family  of  Dr.  Dana  furnished,  at 
its  request,  a  portrait  of  him  from  which  a  likeness  was  to 
be  cast  for  one  of  the  faces  at  the  base  of  the  monument. 
Since  the  death  of  Professor  Morse,  no  progress  seems  to 
have  been  made  in  the  effort  to  erect  this  memorial  of  scien- 
tific progress. 


276  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

PROF.    BENJAMIN    HALE.  —  PROF.    ALPHEUS    CROSBY.  —  PROF. 

IRA  YOUNG. 

FROM  reliable  sources  we  have  the  following  account  of 
another  gentleman  of  distinguished  worth,  who  was  an  in- 
structor also  both  in  the  Academical  and  Medical  depart- 
ments of  the  college. 

BENJAMIN  HALE  was  born  on  the  23d  of  November,  1797, 
in  Newbury,  Mass.,  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Newbury  port. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Hale,  who  was  the  grand- 
son of  the  fifth  Thomas,  in  that  series  of  Hales,  whose  first 
representative  came  to  Newbury  in  about  1637.  His  mother 
was  Alice  Little,  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Josiah  Little  of 
Newbury,  and  grand-daughter  of  Col.  Moses  Little,  an  officer 
in  the  Continental  Army.  On  both  sides  of  the  house  Benja- 
min Hale  came  of  a  race  of  vigorous,  industrious,  and  useful 
men,  held  in  honor  by  their  fellow  citizens,  and  invariably 
distinguished  for  their  exemplary  habits,  their  domestic  vir- 
tues, their  sterling  goodness,  and  their  faithfulness  in  the 
discharge  of  trusts  and  duties.  In  childhood  he  was  studious, 
quiet,  kind,  and  genial ;  fond  of  books,  the  favorite  of  his 
youthful  companions,  and  the  cheerful  companion  of  the  aged. 

In  the  autumn  of  1813,  he  went  to  Atkinson  Academy ; 
and  in  September,  1814,  entered  Dartmouth  College  ;  but  his 
health  becoming  impaired,  he  went  to  Dummer  Academy, 
Byfield,  in  the  autumn  of  1815,  to  pursue  his  studies  under 
the  direction  of  its  principal,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Abbott.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1816,  he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  at  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, then  under  the  presidency  of  the  venerable  Dr.  Appleton, 
whose  grave  kindness  soon  won  his  reverent  love.  He  at 
once  secured  an  honorable  position  in  his  class,  which  was 
the  largest  that  had  then  been  in  that  college.  In  Septem- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  277 

ber,  1818,  he  received  the  degree  of  B.  A. ;  his  part  at  Com- 
mencement being  the  salutatory  oration.  Having  been  pre- 
viously offered  the  academy  at  Saco,  and  recollecting  a  remark 
of  his  old  pastor,  Dr.  Spring,  that  "  one  who  meant  to  be  a* 
minister  would  do  well  to  try  his  hand  at  being  a  schoolmas- 
ter," he  took  charge  of  the  academy  for  one  year. 

In  the  autumn  of  1819,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Andover,  Mass.  Here  his  college  class- 
mate, Rufus  Anderson,  afterwards  the  distinguished  Secretary 
of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, was  his  class-mate  and  room-mate.  Dr.  Anderson  thus 
writes  of  him :  "  Our  friendship  was  founded  in  mutual 
knowledge  and  esteem,  and  continued  during  his  life.  The 
operations  of  his  mind  were  effective,  equally  so  in  nearly 
every  branch  of  learning.  He  was  quick  and  accurate  in  the 
Mathematics,  in  the  Languages,  and  in  Music.  I  know  not  in 
what  one  branch  he  was  best  fitted  to  excel.  While  perfect 
in  all  his  recitations,  he  was  social,  always  ready  for  conver- 
sation when  I  desired  it.  He  had,  and  through  his  whole  life 
retained,  my  entire  confidence  as  a  man  of  God,  nor  was  I 
surprised  at  the  eminent  position  he  afterwards  attained  in 
the  church  of  Christ.  Pleasant  is  his  memory,  and  pleasant 
is  the  thought  of  meeting  him  in  a  better  world."  While 
at  Andover  he  had  leisure  for  reading,  and  that  part  of  it 
which  he  devoted  to  Ecclesiastical  History  had  an  important 
influence  as  it  turned  out,  in  deciding  his  future  ecclesiastical 
connection. 

At  the  Commencement  of  Bowdoin  College,  in  1820,  he  was 
appointed  tutor.  He  taught  the  Junior  class  in  Natural  Phi- 
losophy, and  Locke's  Essay  on  the  Human  Understanding,  and 
the  Sophomore  class  in  Geometry  and  some  other  parts  of 
Mathematics,  and  in  Logic.  At  the  same  time  he  continued 
to  pursue  his  theological  studies,  and  in  January,  1822,  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  York  Association.  In  September, 
1821,  he  delivered  a  Latin  valedictory  oration,  and  took  his 
degree  of  A.  M.  With  regard  to  this  period  of  his  life,  his 
fellow  tutor,  now  the  venerable  Prof.  Packard,  thus  writes  : 
"  Mr.  Hale  gave  at  once  the  impression  of  a  kind,  generous, 
faithful  heart,  a  clear,  acute,  and  rapid  intellect,  and  a  vig- 


278  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

orous  grasp  of  any  subject  to  which  he  gave  his  thought. 
He  was  a  diligent  student.  He  loved  books.  Without  con- 
ceit he  had  sufficient  self-reliance,  which  was  always  of  ser- 
vice to  him  as  a  teacher  and  governor.  He  always  had  the 
good-will  of  his  pupils,  and  whether  with  them  or  with  his 
colleagues  he  exerted  an  influence  above  rather  than  below 
his  age  and  standing.  He  was  a  true  man,  unselfish,  of  a  de- 
cidedly social  turn,  of  warm  affections,  of  a  genial  humor." 

In  the  summer  of  1822,  he  received  proposals  from  R.  H. 
Gardiner,  Esq.,  of  Gardiner,  Me.,  to  take  charge  of  a  new 
institution  which  he  had  determined  to  establish  for  the  edu- 
cation of  farmers  and  mechanics  in  the  principles  of  science. 
Mr.  Hale  accepted,  and  closed  his  connection  with  Bowdoin 
College  in  1822,  and  entering  upon  his  duties  January  1, 
1823,  opened  the  Lyceum,  was  inaugurated  as  its  principal, 
and  delivered  an  address  on  the  occasion.  He  soon  after  re- 
turned his  license,  finding  it  inconvenient  to  meet  the  many 
calls  for  preaching  extended  to  him,  and  having  become  also 
so  settled  in  his  preference  for  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  that  he  determined  to  take  Orders  therein,  should  he 
ever  be  so  situated  as  to  think  it  his  duty  to  preach  again. 
On  the  9th  day  of  April,  1823,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Caro- 
line King,  the  eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Cyrus  King,  M.  C. 

The  Lyceum  soon  attracted  students  and  became  a  flourish- 
ing institution.  Its  principal  gave  lectures  in  Chemistry  and 
taught  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy,  and  in  winter 
had  classes  in  Architecture  and  in  Agricultural  Chemistry. 
For  the  former  of  these  classes  he  prepared,  in  1827,  a  work 
on  the  "  Elementary  Principles  of  Carpentry." 

In  July,  1827,  having  received  an  invitation  to  succeed  Pro- 
fessor Dana  in  the  chair  of  Chemistry  at  Dartmouth  College, 
Mr.  Hale  accepted,  and  delivered  his  inaugural  address  on  the 
day  after  Commencement.  His  esteemed  and  able  colleagues 
in  the  Medical  College  were  Reuben  D.  Mussey,  M.  D.,  Prof, 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery ;  and  Daniel  Oliver,  M.  D.,  Prof, 
of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  It  should  be  noted 
that  at  that  period  the  importance  of  physical  studies  was 
not  fully  appreciated  at  Dartmouth.  The  college  had  not 
taken  a  scientific  periodical  in  half  a  century.  There  was  no 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  279 

cabinet  of  minerals.  "  There  was  not,"  writes  Dr.  Oliver, 
"  a  single  modern  volume  in  the  college  library  upon  either 
Mineralogy  or  Geology ;  and  scarcely  one,  if  one,  upon  Chem- 
istry, later  than  the  days  of  Fourcroy  or  Vauquelin.  The 
prevailing  taste  was  decidedly  an ti- physical.  It  was  directed 
another  way,  and  not  only  so,  but  there  was  among  the  col- 
lege Faculty  a  disposition  to  undervalue  the  physical  sci- 
ences." Dr.  James  F.  Dana,  the  predecessor  of  Professor 
Hale,  writing  of  the  college  in  reference  to  physical  science, 
used  the  following  remarkable  expression :  "  It  was  anchored 
in  the  stream,  and  served  only  to  show  its  velocity."  When 
Professor  Hale  was  engaged,  his  duties  comprised  a  course  of 
daily  lectures  to  the  medical  class  through  the  lecture  term,  to 
which  lectures  the  members  of  the  Senior  and  Junior  classes 
were  to  be  admitted  ;  and  instruction  to  the  Junior  class  in 
some  chemical  text-book  by  daily  recitations  for  five  or  six 
weeks.  This  was  all. 

Professor  Hale,  however,  addressed  himself  to  his  work  with 
characteristic  activity  and  zeal.  He  proceeded  to  give  each 
year  to  the  college  classes  a  separate  course  of  over  thirty 
lectures,  and  discharged  the  expenses  of  them  himself.  He 
substituted  a  larger  and  more  scientific  text-book  for  that  in 
use,  and  obtained  an  allowance  of  forty  or  more  recitations 
instead  of  thirty.  He  laid  the  foundation  of  the  cabinet  of 
minerals  by  giving  five  hundred  specimens,  classifying  and 
labeling  all  additions,  leaving  the  collection  in  respectable 
condition  with  2,300  specimens.  He  gave  annually  about 
twenty  lectures  in  Geology  and  Mineralogy ;  and  for  some 
years  was  the  regular  instructor  of  the  Senior  class  in  the 
Philosophy  of  Natural  History.  For  two  years,  also,  he  took 
charge  of  the  recitations  in  Hebrew,  and  occasionally  took 
part  in  other  recitations  ;  and,  with  another,  served  as  build- 
ing committee  during  the  whole  process  of  repairing  and  erect- 
ing the  college  edifices. 

December  11,  1827,  Professor  Hale  wrote,  in  a  family 
letter,  "  I  have  made  out  a  plan,  for  the  repair  of  the  College 
building,  and  the  addition  of  a  building  for  libraries,  etc.,  for 
the  use  of  Trustees  at  their  next  session.  It  takes  with  the 
president  mightily,  and  I  think  they  will  make  it  go." 


280  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

And  in  another  family  letter,  the  first  after  returning  from 
a  journey,  under  date  of  March  20,  1828,  he  wrote : 

"  My  arrival  at  Hanover  was  very  opportune.  I  was  looked 
for  for  sometime,  and  letters  were  about  being  despatched  for 
me I  have  the  honor  of  being  one-half  of  the  build- 
ing committee,  Professor  Chamberlain  being  the  other  moiety, 
and  we  are  commencing  operations.  The  prospects  of  the 
College  are  now  so  bright,  that  the  plan  I  at  first  proposed, 
and  which  was  adopted  by  the  Trustees,  is  abandoned,  and  we 
are  preparing  to  erect  two  brick  buildings,  three  stories  in 
height,  and  fifty  feet  by  seventy.  One  for  students'  rooms, 

and  the  other  for  public  rooms And  what  is  more 

comforting,  our  funds  are  improving  so  much  that  the  build- 
ing will  not  distress  us  very  much  if  the  $30,000  should  not 
be  realized.  A  good  many  old  debts  have  been  collected,  and 
are  coming  in,  by  which  one  building  could  be  erected. 
About  $13,000  have  already  been  subscribed,  and  subscrip- 
tions are  daily  arriving." 

All  this  was  voluntary  and  gratuitous  work.  It  is  no  won- 
der that  students  thus  cared  for  should  respond,  as  they  did, 
with  enthusiasm  and  regard.  Happily,  in  this  department 
as  well  as  in  all  others,  Dartmouth  College  is  now  in  motion, 
and  fully  up  with  the  foremost  in  the  current  of  physical 
study. 

During  his  last  three  years,  Professor  Hale  was  President 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  His  portrait,  presented,  it  is 
believed,  by  the  members  of  that  society,  now  hangs  in  the 
college  library. 

While  at  Hanover,  Professor  Hale  thought  it  his  duty  to 
resume  his  purpose  of  preaching,  and  was  accordingly  ordained 
Deacon  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Griswold,  Bishop  of  the  Eastern 
Diocese,  September  28,  1828,  at  Woodstock,  <Vt. ;  and  Priest 
by  the  same  bishop,  in  St.  Paul's,  Newburyport,  January  6, 
1831.  In  taking  this  step  he  violated  in  no  respect  the  charter 
of  the  college,  he  undertook  nothing  which  conflicted  with  the 
duties  of  his  professorship,  he  acted  neither  obtrusively  nor 
illiberally;  but  while  he  occasionally  preached  in  neighbor- 
ing churches,  he  always,  in  Hanover,  scrupulously  observed 
the  appointment  at  the  village  meeting-house.  On  Sunday 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  281 

nights,  however,  he  held  a  service  in  his  own  house,  for  his 
own  family,  and  the  family  of  Dr.  Oliver,  and  such  other 
communicants  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  friends,  as  might 
desire  to  attend.  Difference  in  sentiment  on  religious  sub- 
jects, between  Professor  Hale  and  the  Trustees  of  the  college, 
and  action  on  their  part  which  can  hardly  be  regarded  as  jus- 
tifiable, led  to  the  termination  of  Professor  Hale's  connection 
with  the  college,  in  1835. 

In  1835,  Professor  Hale  published  two  works,  "  A  Valedic- 
tory Letter  to  the  Trustees,"  and  "  Scriptural  Illustrations  of 
the  Liturgy."  In  August  of  that  year  he  attended  the  Gen- 
eral Coavention  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  as  a  del- 
egate from  the  Diocese  of  New  Hampshire.  In  October,  1836, 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Columbia  Col- 
lege. In  December,  having  had  a  severe  attack  of  bronchitis, 
he  sailed  to  St.  Croix  to  spend  the  winter.  His  published 
letters  under  the  signature  of  "  Valetudinarius  "  were  very 
pleasant  to  the  reading  public. 

In  the  course  of  the  next  year  he  entered  upon  the  labori- 
ous and  high  duties  of  an  office  which  occupied  the  remaining 
years  of  his  active  life.  He  was  elected,  August  2,  1836,  to 
the  Presidency  of  Geneva  College,  N.  Y.,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  in  the  following  October ;  delivering  an  inaugural 
address  on  the  21st  of  December.  It  is  of  course  impossi- 
ble here  to  give  the  varied  and  interesting  details  of  his  pres- 
idential life.  To  this  institution  he  freely  gave  the  wealth  of 
his  well  stored  and  acute  mind,  his  tried  experience,  and  his 
cheerful,  patient  resolution.  The  trials  were  sometimes  great, 
the  laborers  few,  the  support  scanty,  and  there  were  times 
when  it  seemed  as  if  the  one  man  only  stood  between  the 
life  of  the  college  and  its  death.  As  one  of  the  Trustees 
wrote,  "  Life  was  already  nearly  extinct,  and  death  would 
have  soon  followed,  had  not  the  president  given  himself 
wholly  to  the  work  with  a  faith  that  never  faltered,  a  perse- 
verance which  strengthened  with  difficulties,  and  a  thorough 
conviction  that  his  work,  if  well  done,  would  promote  the 
glory  of  God  and  his  church  through  all  time."  And  he 
was  successful,  as  much  so  as  it  was  within  the  power  of  one 
man  to  be,  both  in  correcting  the  evils  which  he  foun.d  exist- 


282  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ing,  and  in  securing  the  stability  of  the  college  beyond  all 
perad venture.  Wherever  he  was,  in  the  recitation  room,  in 
the  academic  circle,  in  the  Medical  School  of  which  he  was 
ex  officio  president,  in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  in  the  councils 
of  the  bishop  and  the  Diocese,  in  the  conferences  with  the 
Vestry  of  Old  Trinity  Church,  before  the  Board  of  Regents, 
before  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  he  was  always  the  learned, 
sagacious,  loyal,  and  inspiring  president ;  respected  and  be- 
loved always,  by  all  who  entered  the  circle  of  his  influence  ; 
and  illustrating  daily  in  his  own  character,  the  symmetry, 
strength,  and  purity  of  the  principle  by  which  he  was  gov- 
erned. 

Dr.  Hale  instructed  easily  in  every  department  of  learning. 
He  was  most  fond  of  ethical  and  metaphysical  studies.  His 
class  room  will  never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  delighted  to 
go  to  it,  and  regretted  to  leave  it.  His  courses  of  lectures 
for  many  years  included  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  Architecture. 
He  loved  music,  and  read  it  as  easily  as  the  words.  His  dic- 
tion was  always  remarkable  for  the  best  English,  expressed 
in  the  happiest  style.  His  memory  and  power  of  association 
were  almost  unerring.  His  temper  was  held  in  the  nicest 
balance.  In  preaching  he  was  a  Chrysostom  in  wisdom, 
truth,  and  sweetness. 

We  have  not  space  to  dwell  upon  this  theme,  nor  upon  the 
wholesome  influence  which  Dr.  Hale  exerted  in  the  diocese  in 
which  he  was  placed,  both  Cowards  preparing  the  way  for  a 
second  diocese  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  in  ministering 
in  his  place  to  its  unity  and  order,  when  under  the  Episcopal 
charge  of  the  noble  De  Lancey.  In  1858,  he  left  Hobart 
(once  Geneva)  College,  and  in  185.9  he  left  Geneva,  with  this 
distinguished  record  :  "  The  thorough  and  skillful  teacher, 
the  laborious  and  self-sacrificing  president,  the  sympathizing 
friend,  the  genial  companion,  the  judicious  adviser,  the  cour- 
teous Christian  gentleman  ;  in  all  these  relations  so  bearing 
himself  as  to  gain  the  profound  respect  and  tender  affection 
of  all  who  knew  him." 

Dr.  Hale  retired  to  live  in  Newburyport,  near  his  birth- 
place and  by  the  graves  of  his  forefathers,  with  his  children 
around  him.  Even  then  "  his  influence  upon  the  community 


DAETMOUTH   COLLEGE.  283 

distilled  like  the  dews  of  heaven  to  gladden  the  earth.'*  He 
departed  to  his  rest  in  Paradise  on  the  15th  of  July,  1863. 
Dr.  Hale  had  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  the 
sons  (one  has  since  departed)  and  one  daughter  survived 
him. 

His  published  works,  beside  communications  to  newspapers 
on  current  topics,  are  :  "  An  Address  to  the  Public  from 
the  Trustees  of  Gardiner  Lyceum,"  1822.  "  An  Inaugural 
Address  at  Gardiner,"  1823.  "  Address  to  the  Public  in  re- 
gard to  the  Lyceum,"  1824.  "  Introduction  to  the  Mechan- 
ical Principles  of  Carpentry,"  1827.  "  Sermon  before  the 
Convention  of  New  Hampshire,"  1830.  "  Lecture  before  the 
American  Institute  of  Instruction,  On  the  Best  Method  of 
Teaching  Natural  Philosophy,"  1830.  "  Sermon,  On  the 
Unity  of  God,  preached  before  the  Convention  of  the  Eastern 
Diocese,"  1832.  "  Scriptural  Illustrations  of  the  Liturgy  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,"  1835.  "  Valedictory 
Letter  to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,"  1835.  "  In- 
augural Address,  Geneva  College,  On  the  Equalizing  and 
Practical  Tendency  of  Colleges,"  1836.  "  A  Lecture  before 
the  Young  Men's  Association  of  Geneva,  On  Liberty  and 
Law,"  1838.  "  Baccalaureate  :  Education  in  its  Relations  to 
a  Free  Government,"  1838.  "  The  Present  State  of  the 
Question,"  a  pamphlet,  in  relation  to  the  division  of  the 
Diocese  of  New  York,  1838.  "  Baccalaureate :  The  Lan- 
guages," 1839.  "  Baccalaureate  :  Mathematics,"  1841.  "  Lec- 
ture on  the  Sources  and  Means  of  Education,"  1846.  "  Bac- 
calaureate :  The  Position  of  the  College,  the  State,  and  the 
Church,"  1847.  "  Historical  Notices  of  Geneva  College," 
1849.  "  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Major  Douglass,"  1849. 

PROFESSOR  ALPHEUS  CROSBY,  who  was  elected  to  the 
Chair  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  College,  in  1833,  Professor 
Calvin  E.  Stowe  having  filled  the  position  in  the  interval 
after  the  death  of  Professor  Chamberlain,  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
Asa  and  Abigail  (Russell)  Crosby,  and  was  born  at  Sand- 
wich, N.  H.,  October  13,  1810.  Although  less  than  twenty- 
three  years  of  age,  his  superior  scholarship  fully  warranted 
the  appointment.  After  ably  filling  this  chair  several  years, 


284  DARTMOUTH  t  COLLEGE. 

by  a  division  of  labor  he  was  permitted  to  confine  himself 
exclusively  to  the  Greek  language  and  literature.  To  his 
refined  and  sensitive  nature  the  stern  old  Roman  was  less 
attractive  than  the  more  polished  Greek.  It  is  quite  proba- 
ble that  Professor  Crosby  was  more  largely  indebted  than  he 
himself  was  aware  to  the  moulding  influence  of  his  amiable 
and  excellent  mother,  for  that  particular  type  of  mind  and 
heart  which  placed  him  among  the  foremost  Grecian  scholars 
of  his  time.  Professor  Crosby's  career  as  a  linguist  illus- 
trated two  distinct  forms  of  success.  He  excelled  both  as 
a  teacher  and  as  an  author.  His  success  as  a  teacher  no  one 
will  question  who  had  the  privilege  of  listening  to  his  instruc- 
tions, if  only  for  a  single  hour.  He  questioned  the  student 
with  a  critical  eye  and  ear,  but  a  womanly  gentleness.  His 
translations  might  well  be  likened  to  celestial  music,  long 
pent-up  in  foreign  caves,  but  now  finding  rich  and  varied  and 
sweet  expression,  in  the  mother  tongue.  His  success  as  an 
author  is  sufficiently  indiaated  by  the  extensive  use  of  his 
text-books,  especially  the  "  Greek  Grammar." 

His  classmate,  Rev.  Dr.  Tenney,  says : 

"  It  is  very  pleasant  for  me  to  bring  back  before  me  your 
brother  as  I  remember  him  at  the  commencement  of  our 
college  life.  He  was,  as  you  know,  a  boy  of  twelve  years, 
dressed  in  a  boy's  jacket  with  a  ruffled  shirt,  collar  coming 
down  over  his  shoulders,  such  as  boys  wore  in  those  days  — 
playful  as  a  kitten,  and  as  innocent  as  the  purest-minded 
girl.  He  was  probably  the  best  fitted  (as  the  phrase  is)  for 
college,  of  any  member  of  the  class.  He  had,  I  believe,  gone 
over  all  the  studies  of  the  Sophomore  year.  Without  any  ap- 
parent effort  he  maintained  his  preeminence  through  his  en- 
tire college  course,  not  only  in  the  Languages,  but  also  in 
Mathematics  and  Mental  Philosophy.  My  recollection  is  that 
he  had  committed  to  memory  all  the  Greek  primitives  before 
he  left  college,  yet  with  all  his  preeminence  as  a  scholar  he 
never  seemed  to  have  the  remotest  consciousness  that  there 
was  anything  remarkable  about  himself.  We  had  ambitious 
men  in  the  class  and  some  bitter  rivalries,  but  no  one  ever 
thought  of  questioning  his  position.  In  short  he  was  both  the 
pet  and  pride  of  the  class ;  his  conscientiousness  as  a  boy  was 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  2<85 

that  which  characterized  him  as  a  man.  I  do  not  think  he 
would  have  done  a  consciously  wrong  thing  for  his  right  hand. 
I  remember  being  with  him  one  Sabbath,  when  a  letter  was 
handed  him  from  home,  and  his  views  of  the  sacredness  of  the 
Sabbath  were  such  that  he  would  not  open  it  until  the  Sab- 
bath was  passed.  I  mention  this,  not  to  illustrate  the  earn- 
estness of  his  conscience,  but  simply  to  show  its  authority 
over  him. 

"  As  your  brother  was  the  youngest  of  the  class,  I  was  one 
of  the  oldest,  but  from  the  commencement  of  our  class  life  our 
intimacy  was  constant.  I  could  very  readily  tell  why  I  was 
attracted  to  him,  but  his  friendship  for  me  I  could  never  un- 
derstand ;  sure  I  was  that  I  never  loved  any  other  man  as  I 
did  him  ;  he  visited  me  a  number  of  times ;  as  I  was  at  his 
home  in  Salem  not  long  before  his  lamented  death,  he  seemed 
to  me  the  same  at  the  end  as  he  was  at  the  beginning,  one  of 
the  most  lovable  and  remarkable  men  I  ever  knew,  and  the 
world  has  seemed  to  be  poorer  ever  since  he  left  it." 

Mr.  C.  C.  Chase,  Principal  of  the  High  School  in  Lowell, 
of  the  class  of  1839,  says : 

"  I  have  had  many  laborious,  faithful  teachers,  but  only  one 
genius,  and  that  was  Professor  Alpheus  Crosby.  He  was  ac- 
curate upon  a  point  not  because  he  appeared  to  have  looked  it 
up  in  the  books,  but  because  he  instinctively  knew  it.  It  was 
in  the  Greek  that  I  was  instructed  by  him,  and  I  clearly  re- 
call, at  this  day,  the  expression  of  his  face,  as  he  explained 
it  to  us.  He  seemed  to  revel  in  the  beautiful  thoughts  and 
splendid  conceptions  of  the  great  dramatists.  He  did  not  ap- 
pear to  be  so  anxious  as  most  teachers,  that  our  recitations 
should  show  our  critical  grammatical  knowledge,  but  rather 
that  we  should  appreciate  and  enjoy  the  wonderful  creations  of 
the  great  minds  of  antiquity.  He  loved  to  teach.  It  seemed 
to  be  his  delight  to  tell  others  what  he  had  so  much  enjoyed 
himself.  It  was  the  study  of  his  Greek  grammar  that  first 
gave  me  a  love  for  the  noble  language  of  ancient  Greece.  I 
know  of  no  grammar  that  has  so  few  bones  and  so  much  meat 
in  it.  One  can  really  enjoy  reading  it  in  an  idle  hour !  It 
so  clearly  reveals  the  fact  that  that  most  beautiful  of  lan- 
guages, with  all  its  sweetness  and  euphony,  is  but  a  transcript 


286  DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

of  the  mind  of  the  race  of  men  that  knew  more  of  beauty,  of 
taste,  and  of  philosophy  than  all  the  ancient  world  besides. 
Professor  Crosby  entered  into  the  secret  chambers  of  Greek 
thought,  and  became  himself  a  Greek,  and  seemed  to  feel  a 
perpetual  flow  of  delight,  as  he  told  to  others  what  seemed  so 
charming  to  himself.  Others  might  compel  an  indolent  stu- 
dent to  devote  more  time  and  study  to  his  lessons,  but  none 
could  equal  him  in  leading  those  who  loved  to  follow,  into 
the  *  green  pastures '  and  '  sweet  fields '  of  the  domain  of 
learning." 

Hon.  George  Stevens,  of  the  class  of  1849,  says  : 
"  My  acquaintance  with  Professor  Crosby  began  upon  my 
admission  to  college.  My  preparation  in  Greek  was  imper- 
fect, and  my  knowledge  of  the  language  was  quite  limited. 
His  manner  of  dealing  with  and  instructing  the  class  soon 
won  my  admiration,  love,  and  respect  for  him,  and  opened  to 
me  a  new  and  unexpected  source  of  pleasure  in  the  beauties 
of  the  Greek  language.  The  primitive  simplicity,  the  euphony, 
sweetness,  and  artistic  perfection  of  the  language  awakened  a 
response  and  an  appreciation  which  only  those  who  are  like 
him  can  feel.  This  appreciation  of  the  beauties  of  his  favor- 
ite language,  kindled  in  him  an  enthusiastic  love  for  it.  His 
manner  of  teaching  imparted  something  of  this  same  enthusi- 
asm in  the  students.  The  thoroughness  of  his  instruction, 
his  perfect  courtesy  towards  all  the  students,  the  extreme 
kindness  with  which  he  always  treated  them,  his  constant 
mildness  and  equanimity  in  the  presence  of  the  class,  in  the 
face  even  of  rude  conduct  and  inexcusable  ignorance  of  the 
lesson,  his  great  love  and  supreme  devotion  to  his  duties,  ap- 
parent to  all,  won  the  love  and  respect,  and  gave  him  the 
control  of  every  student  under  him,  which  no  sternness  or 
severity  could  ever  have  secured.  I  never  knew  the  least 
disobedience  to  him  or  the  slightest  disrespect  shown  towards 
him,  either  in  his  presence  or  absence.  The  great  simplicity, 
purity,  and  honesty  of  his  character,  was  a  perfect  shield  to  him 
against  all  attacks,  in  word  or  act,  open  or  covert.  I  consider 
him,  after  years  of  reflection  and  experience,  the  best  teacher 
I  ever  had ;  and  of  all  the  impressions  of  the  teachers  of  my 
boyhood  and  youth,  those  made  by  him  upon  me  I  find  are 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  287 

the  deepest  and  most  lasting,  and  now,  after  the  lapse  of  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  are  the  dearest  to  me." 

Professor  Hagar,  in  the  "New  England  Journal  of  Educa 
tion,"  says : 

"Professor  Alpheus  Crosby,  whose  death  occurred  in  Sa- 
lem, Mass.,  on  the  17th  of  April,  1874,  was  so  widely  and 
favorably  known  as  a  scholar,  and  was  so  much  esteemed  as  a 
man,  that  a  notice  of  his  life  and  labors,  more  extended  than 
has  hitherto  appeared,  is  justly  due  his  memory. 

"  Professor  Crosby  very  early  showed  remarkable  power  in 
the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  He  learned  the  rudimentary 
branches  of  education  almost  without  a  teacher.  Mathemat- 
ics, Latin,  and  Greek  came  to  him  almost  by  intuition.  When 
engaged  in  study,  he  was  so  deeply  absorbed  that  he  seemed 
wholly  unconscious  of  time,  place,  or  surroundings.  When  in 
his  tenth  year  he  was  taken  to  Hanover,  the  seat  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  and  was  placed  temporarily  under  Professor 
Adams  in  Algebra  and  Euclid,  under  Tutor  James  Marsh 
in  Latin,  and  under  Tutor  Ruf  us  Choate  in  Greek ;  and  these 
gentlemen  pronounced  him  fitted  for  college.  He  was  then 
returned  to  Gilmanton  Academy,  and,  to  prevent  him  from 
trespassing  upon  college  studies,  he  was  put  to  the  study  of 
Hebrew,  under  the  Rev.  John  L.  Parkhurst,  who  was  well 
known  as  a  ripe  scholar.  He  was  subsequently  sent  to  Exeter 
Academy  to  bridge  over,  with  various  studies,  the  months 
which  his  friends  thought  must  be  passed  before  he  should 
enter  college.  At  the  fall  term  of  the  college,  in  1823,  in 
his  thirteenth  year,  he  entered ;  and  he  passed  through  the 
four  years'  course  of  study  without  a  rival  and  far  beyond 
rivalry.  His  power  of  acquisition  and  retention  was  mar- 
velous. 

"  After  his  graduation,  he  was  kept  at  Hanover  four  years  ; 
the  first,  as  the  preceptor  of  Moor's  Indian  Charity  School, 
and  the  following  three  as  tutor  in  the  college.  During  this 
period  he  joined  the  college  church,  and  formed  his  purpose 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  spent  nearly  two  years  at  the 
Theological  Seminary,  in  Andover,  Mass.  He  was  appointed 
to  a  professorship  of  Latin  and  Greek,  in  1833.  In  1837  he 
was  released  from  the  Latin  and  became  professor  of  Greek 


288  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

only,  which  office  he  held  until  1849,  when  he  resigned ;  but 
he  remained  Professor  Emeritus  until  his  death. 

"  In  1834  he  married  Miss  Abigail  Grant  Jones  Cutler,  only 
child  of  Joseph  and  Abigail  Cheesboro  Grant  (Jones)  Cutler, 
of  Newburyport,  Mass.  Mrs.  Crosby  becoming  an  invalid, 
Professor  Crosby  took  her  to  Europe  and  traveled  with  her 
through  England,  Germany,  and  France,  until  they  reached 
Paris,  where  Mrs.  Crosby  died.  On  his  return  he  resumed 
the  duties  of  his  professorship.  After  the  death  of  his  father- 
in-law,  Mr.  Cutler,  he  resigned  his  professorship,  and  removed 
to  Newburyport  to  care  for  Mrs.  Cutler,  who  was  an  invalid. 
His  Greek  Grammar,  theological  disquisitions,  and  the  super- 
intendency  of  schools  in  Newburyport  occupied  his  attention 
until  Mrs.  Cutler's  death  in  1854,  when  he  entered  into  the 
employment  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  Massachusetts  as 
its  agent.  In  this  capacity  he  rendered  the  State  most  valua- 
ble services  by  visiting  the  public  schools  in  various  parts  of 
the  State,  and  by  his  instructive  and  practical  lectures  on  edu- 
cational subjects.  So  efficient  were  his  labors,  that  in  1857  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Education  to  the  principalship 
of  the  State  Normal  School  in  Salem  ;  this  important  post  he 
occupied  eight  years.  To  the  interests  of  this  school  he  zeal- 
ously devoted  his  great  knowledge  and  ability,  raising  it  to  a 
high  standard  of  excellence  and  giving  to  it  a  most  honorable 
reputation.  He  gave  the  school  the  largest  part  of  its  valua- 
ble library,  and  obtained  for  its  use  the  most  of  its  considera- 
ble cabinet.  By  his  heartfelt  kindness  and  his  faithful  in- 
structions he  secured  the  love  and  profound  esteem  of  his 
pupils,  who  will  ever  hold  him  in  affectionate  remembrance. 
In  the  Normal  School  and  elsewhere,  as  he  had  opportunity, 
Professor  Crosby  earnestly  advocated  the  liberal  education  of 
women,  believing  that  their  educational  advantages  ought  to 
equal  those  enjoyed  by  men. 

"  While  principal  of  the  school  at  Salem  he,  for  several 
years,  was  the  editor-in-chief  of  the  '  Massachusetts  Teacher,' 
performing  gratuitous  labors  which  were  highly  appreciated 
by  the  teachers  of  Massachusetts  and  of  other  States. 

"  Having  traveled  through  the  Southern  States,  that  he 
might  gain  a  better  knowledge  of  his  own  country  before  he 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  289 

went  abroad,  he  became  deeply  impressed  with  the  iniquities 
of  slavery,  and  dropped  readily  into  the  ranks  of  the  abolition- 
ists. He  was  intensely  interested  in  all  the  discussions  and 
phases  of  freedom,  from  Adams's  *  Right  of  Petition '  cru- 
sade down  to  the  day  of  his  death.  His  patriotism  during 
the  war  was  full  and  glowing.  The  political  disquisitions  in 
his  '  Right  Way,'  which  he  edited  for  a  year,  upon  the  ques- 
tion of  reconstruction,  were  keen  and  convincing.  He  also 
published  a  series  of  elementary  lessons  for  teaching  the  freed- 
men  of  the  South  to  read. 

"  During  all  these  years,  after  leaving  his  professorship,  he 
was  building  other  educational  books  besides  his  Greek  Gram- 
mar — 4  Xenophon's  Anabasis,'  *  Eclogse  Latinse,'  '  Lessons 
in  Geometry,'  a  '  Greek  Lexicon '  for  his  Anabasis,  and,  last, 
4  Explanatory  Notes  to  the  Anabasis,'  which  he  had  nearly 
ready  for  the 'press  when  death  closed  his  labors. 

"  The  heart  of  Professor  Crosby  was  full  of  love  for  every- 
body and  every  creature  of  God.  He  drank  deeply  at  every 
spring  whence  flowed  charity,  benevolence,  freedom,  and  pa- 
triotism. He  remained  to  his  death  a  member  of  an  orthodox 
church,  but,  during  the  last  years  of  his  life,  he  worshipped 
with  Christians  of  other  denominations,  having  softened  his 
early  faith  by  a  more  liberal  trust  in  the  boundless  love  and 
mercy  of  God,  his  Heavenly  Father. 

"  In  his  association  with  teachers  of  every  class,  he  showed 
himself  a  friend  to  all.  His  geniality  of  manner,  his  pleasant 
words,  his  sympathizing  spirit,  his  overflowing  desire  to  make 
others  happy,  his  seemingly  inexhaustible  knowledge,  and  his 
intelligent  and  ever-courteous  discussion  of  controverted  ques- 
tions in  education,  morals,  and  religion,  secured  for  him  the 
warm  affection  and  deep  respect  of  all  who  were  privileged  to 
know  him." 

Mr.  Collar,  of  the  Roxbury  Latin  School,  says : 

"  Professor  Crosby  belonged  not  to  Massachusetts  alone,  but 
to  all  New  England  —  to  the  whole  land.  Our  country  is 
poorer  by  the  loss  of  an  eminent  scholar,  one  of  that  small 
band  of  classical  scholars  in  America  who  are  known  and 
honored  at  foreign  seats  of  learning.  In  the  latest,  freshest, 
and  most  original  Greek  grammar  that  I  am  acquainted  with, 

19 


290  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

that  by  Professor  Clyde,  of  Edinburgh,  the  author  acknowl- 
edges his  obligations  to  four  distinguished  scholars,  three 
Europeans,  and  one  American,  and  the  American  is  Professor 
Crosby." 

"  Professor  Crosby's  first  marriage  has  been  referred  to ; 
his  second  wife  was  Martha,  daughter  of  Joseph  Kingman,  of 
West  Bridgewater,  Mass." 

The  following  paragraphs,  from  an  authentic  source,  intro- 
duce another  eminent  teacher. 

IRA  YOUNG  was  born  at  Lebanon,  N.  H.,  May  23,  1801. 
His  parents  were  Samuel  and  Rebecca  (Burnham)  Young. 

His  early  years  were  chiefly  spent  in  working  at  his  father's 
trade,  that  of  carpenter,  though  every  winter  after  he  was  six- 
teen, he  taught  in  one  of  the  district  schools  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. He  cherished  a  strong  desire  for  a  collegiate  education, 
but  was  not  at  liberty  to  take  any  steps  in  that  direction  until 
he  became  of  age.  Want  of  means  would  have  been  with 
many  in  his  circumstances  an  insurmountable  obstacle, —  not 
so  with  him.  By  the  willing  labor  of  his  hands,  he  obtained 
in  eight  months  the  means  of  fitting  for  college  at  Meriden 
Academy,  where  he  studied  one  year,  and  soon  after  leaving 
that  institution,  where  he  stood  high  in  scholarship,  he  entered 
Dartmouth  College.  Neither  in  this  year  of  preparation,  nor 
during  ail  his  college  course,  did  he  ever  receive  pecuniary 
aid  from  any  individual  or  society.  He  paid  his  way  by 
teaching. 

While  at  Meriden,  he  became,  with  many  of  his  classmates, 
savingly  interested  in  religion,  and  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith  in  Christ  in  his  native  place.  His  religious  expe- 
rience, we  have  reason  to  believe,  was  deep  and  thorough,  — 
producing  an  humble,  loving  faith  in  Christ  as  the  only  Sav- 
iour, and  a  sincere,  benevolent  goodwill  to  all  around  him  — 
to  all  mankind.  His  mind  was  calm  and  peaceful  —  not  sub- 
ject to  the  agitations  felt  by  so  many  in  their  religious  life, 
and  his  trust  and  confidence  in  God  were  never  shaken.  He 
could  never  bear  to  hear  any  questioning  of  the  ways  of  Prov- 
idence, however  dark  and  mysterious  they  might  appear. 
44  God  wills  it,"  was  always  enough  for  him. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  291 

Through  his  college  course  he  passed  with  honor  and  suc- 
cess, taking  high  rank  in  a  class  which  was  exceptionally  good, 
producing  a  large  number  of  men  who  were  afterwards  distin- 
guished in  professional  and  public  life.  Though  himself 
guided  in  all  things  by  the  highest  Christian  principle,  he  yet 
knew  how  to  feel  for  those  who  were  in  danger  of  falling 
into  evil  courses  ;  and  certainly  in  one  instance,  by  his  tender 
and  watchful  care,  he  was  the  means  of  reclaiming  and  saving 
a  young  friend  from  threatening  ruin. 

He  graduated  in  1828,  and  taught  afterwards  for  a  year  in 
Berwick  Academy,  Maine,  and  subsequently  in  a  large  public 
scho'ol  in  Boston,  from  which,  in  1830,  he  was  called  to  a  tu- 
torship in  Dartmouth  College.  He  held  that  position  for 
three  years,  during  which  he  continued  his  theological  studies, 
which  he  had  commenced  with  the  ministry  in  view,  and  in 
that  year  he  preached  regularly  in  some  of  the  neighboring 
towns. 

He  gave  up  this  purpose,  however,  when  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural  Philoso- 
phy, and  Astronomy,  in  place  of  Professor  Adams,  who  re- 
signed at  that  time,  August,  1833.  Before  the  close  of  that 
month,  he  became  Professor  Adams'  son-in-law  by  marriage 
to  his  youngest  daughter,  Eliza,  and  seldom  were  father  and 
son  more  closely  united  in  affection  or  more  happy  in  mutual 
intercourse. 

In  regard  to  his  qualifications  for  his  department  and  suc- 
cess in  the  same,  it  may  be  well  to  refer  to  some  remarks  con- 
tained in  an  obituary  notice  of  him,  written  by  one  who  for 
many  years  was  associated  with  him  in  instruction,  and  who  is 
now  placed  at  the  head  of  a  sister  institution. 

"  Professor  Young  had  some  qualities  which  fitted  him  emi- 
nently for  this  position.  He  was,  in  the  first  place,  thoroughly 
master  of  the  science  and  literature  of  his  own  department. 
Distinguished  while  in  college  for  mathematical  attainments, 
he  never  relaxed  in  careful  and  constant  study  of  those 
branches  to  which  he  particularly  directed  his  attention.  His 
mind  was  thoroughly  disciplined  for  truth  and  not  for  victory, 
and  thus  he  was  ready  to  test  his  attainments  by  the  most 
thorough  methods.  As  he  was  thorough  with  himself,  so  he 


292  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

was  with  his  pupils,  trying  them  with  doubtful  questions 
which  the  studious  could  easily  answer,  but  which  the  ignorant 
could  not  evade.  Yet  he  was  never  harsh,  nor  captious,  nor 
irritating,  though  quick  and  ingenious  in  exposing  mistakes 
and  follies.  Besides  his  ample  knowledge,  he  possessed  re- 
markably the  power  of  clear  and  distinct  statement.  It  was 
the  habit  of  his  mind  to  reduce  his  facts  to  principles,  and  to 
present  them  in  their  simplest  forms.  Few  instructors  have 
excelled  him  in  the  facility  with  which  he  could  disentangle 
and  elucidate  a  complicated  problem,  whether  for  the  satisfac- 
tion of  his  own  mind,  or  the  instruction  of  another.  And  he 
was  as  patient  as  he  was  acute.  Of  a  quiet  temperament,'  not 
easily  roused,  nor  rendered  impatient  at  the  dullness  or  want 
of  perspicuity  in  another,  unless  this  resulted  from  a  moral 
rather  than  an  intellectual  weakness." 

In  April,  1853,  he  went  to  Europe  and  spent  five  months 
abroad,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  books  and  instruments 
for  the  college,  especially  those  which  were  needed  for  the 
equipment  of  the  Observatory,  whose  foundations  were  laid 
that  year.  He  had  labored  successfully  in  obtaining  funds  for 
this  object,  in  which  he  took  a  deep  interest,  and  after  the 
completion  of  the  building,  it  afforded  him  much  pure  enjoy- 
ment, as  it  gave  him  greatly  increased  facilities  both  for  ob- 
serving and  instructing  in  his  favorite  field  of  science. 

Teaching  was  to  him  a  real  pleasure,  and  he  often  said  that 
he  would  not  willingly  exchange  it  for  any  other  employment 
that  could  be  offered  him.  He  felt  a  truly  affectionate  inter- 
est in  the  young  minds  that  successively  came  under  his  care, 
sympathizing  with  them  in  their  perplexities  and  troubles, 
grieving  for  their  errors,  and  rejoicing  in  whatever  advances 
they  made  in  scientific  attainments  and  true  excellence  of 
character.  Remembering  his  own  early  struggles,  he  felt 
much  sympathy  with  young  men  similarly  situated,  and  often 
rendered  them  efficient  aid Nor  was  his  care  and  inter- 
est limited  exclusively  to  the  college,  but  he  sought  to  do 
good  "  as  he  had  opportunity,"  and  in  the  manifold  relations 
he  sustained  to  others,  in  the  family,  the  church,  the  neighbor- 
hood, the  village,  his  unselfish  kindness  was  ever  manifested. 
He  held  the  office  of  Treasurer  of  Meriden  Academy  for  several 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  293 

years  after  the  resignation  of  his  predecessor,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  had  been  a  deacon  of  the  church  for  twenty  years. 

During  the  summer  term  of  1858,  he  was  unusually  occu- 
pied with  college  labors,  being  employed  most  of  the  day  in 
attending  his  recitations  and  lectures,  and  in  preparation  for 
them.  He  had  obtained  some  new  philosophical  apparatus, 
which  interested  him  much,  and  he  never  seemed  to  find  more 
pleasure  in  his  work  than  then,  though  it  often  left  him  quite 
weary  and  exhausted. 

At  that  time  there  was  a  remarkable  degree  of  religious  in- 
terest throughout  the  country,  in  which  the  college  and  the 
village  shared,  and  it  resulted  in  numerous  conversions.  He 
often  attended  the  noon-day  prayer  meetings  of  the  class  he 
was  then  instructing,  and  spoke  of  them  with  much  pleasure  ; 
and  his  own  heart  was  deeply  moved  by  the  heavenly  in- 
fluence. 

Near  the  close  of  July  he  began  to  suffer  much  from  a  mal- 
ady which,  though  hidden,  must  have  been  long  in  progress. 
His  sufferings  were  most  acute  and  severe,  but  never  did  he 
lose  that  sweet  patience  and  serenity  of  spirit  he  had  always 
manifested,  nor  that  calm  submission  to  his  Heavenly  Father's 
will.  He  died  September  13,  1858. 

In  the  words  of  one  of  his  most  esteemed  associates  :  "  The 
village  mourns,  for  it  has  lost  an  excellent  citizen ;  the  church 
mourns,  for  it  has  lost  an  efficient  officer ;  the  college  mourns, 
for  it  has  lost  a  revered  teacher  ;  the  State  mourns,  for  it  has 
lost  an  exemplary  subject,  —  one  who  belonged  to  that  class 
who  are  justly  styled  4  the  light  of  the  world  ! ' ! 

Few  men  in  America  have  ever  been  called  to  teach  the  ab- 
struse science  of  Mathematics,  who  combined  in  such  desirable 
proportions  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  science  with  a  fac- 
ulty of  presenting  it  in  a  pleasing  manner  in  the  recitation 
room.  In  the  happy  adjustment  of  Professor  Young's  powers 
one  could  but  observe  a  union  of  quick  perception  with  almost 
perfect  self-control.  Whatever  the  deficiencies  of  the  student, 
a  hasty  or  unguarded  or  inappropriate  or  even  an  unscientific 
word  was  seldom  found  in  Professor  Young's  vocabulary.  His 
most  impressive  rebuke  was  silence. 

In  a  commemorative  "  Discourse,"  President  Lord  says: 


294  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  During  his  college  course  he  was  an  earnest  and  success- 
ful student.  He  carried  his  work  before  him,  finished  it  in 
its  time,  and  did  it  well.  He  studied  his  lessons  and  a  few 
related  books,  and  scattered  not  his  mind  by  light,  promiscu- 
ous, and  aimless  reading.  He  gorged  not,  but  thought  and 
digested,  and  never  had  a  literary  dyspepsia.  Of  course  he 
grew  right  along.  He  was  resolved,  prompt,  exact,  untiring, 
and  true  as  steel.  Everybody  knew  where  to  find  him.  He 
studied  no  popular  arts.  Though  never  rough  or  crusty,  he 
was  curt  and  sarcastic  ;  but  no  man  ever  took  offense  who 
knew  the  kindness  of  his  heart.  His  fellow-students  loved 
him.  His  abilities  and  knowledge  commanded  their  respect ; 
his  moral  excellence  secured  their  confidence,  and  his  example 
gave  him  power  over  their  minds  and  manners.  He  hated 
and  reproved  vice,  frowned  upon  all  disorder,  disdained  arti- 
fice and  trick,  and  stood  out  manfully  in  support  of  virtue. 
Once,  in  the  same  entry,  a  few  noisy  and  vicious  young  men 
set  up  to  be  disturbers.  They  particularly  insulted  a  worthy 
but  timid  student,  who  was  his  neighbor.  He  took  that  stu- 
dent to  his  own  room,  and  gave  him  countenance  and  protec- 
tion. Then  they  committed  outrage  upon  his  room,  and 
threatened  personal  abuse.  When  his  remonstrance  availed 
nothing,  he  protested  that  he  would  not  see  such  evil  perpe- 
trated in  college,  but  would  report  them.  They  knew  him, 
believed  him,  desisted,  and  gave  him  then  the  honor  of  his 
disinterested  virtue,  as  virtue  always  receives  its  meed  of 
honor  when  it  stands  erect  on  its  own  prerogative,  and  is  not 
moved  by  the  contradictions  of  unreasonable  and  wicked  men. 
Yet  he  was  no  ascetic.  He  liked  companionship,  was  not  fas- 
tidious or  exacting,  never  petulant  or  vindictive,  but  gentle 
and  forbearing.  He  had  especial  tenderness  for  those  4  good- 
hearted  '  young  men  who  can  never  refuse  to  do  wrong  when 
they  are  invited.  A  distinguished  officer  of  one  of  our  pro- 
fessional institutions  once  said  to  me,  —  '  I  was,  at  one  time, 
when  in  college,  thoughtless,  self-indulgent,  fell  among  bad 
companions,  and  was  nearly  ruined.  Mr.  Young  pitied  me, 
took  hold  of  me,  and  saved  me.'  That  excellent  man  could 
not  now  speak  of  his  benefactor  without  tears  of  gratitude. 

"How  he  stood   at   college,  that  is,  what  rank   he   held, 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  295 

whether  first,  second,  or  a  lower  figure  in  his  class,  I  never 
inquired,  and,  if  I  ever  heard,  I  have  forgotten.  Probably  he 
was  not  equally  indifferent,  for  if  there  be  a  more  excellent 
way  of  judgment,  it  was  not  quite  evident  to  his  calculating 
mind.  I  have  often  admired  how  his  professional  bias  led  him 
in  his  measurement  of  men,  almost  as  by  instinct,  to  arith- 
metic, as  if  figures  must,  of  course,  be  true,  and  as  if  insensible 
moral  and  physical  causes  did  not  often  greatly  modify  or 
neutralize  numerical  computation.  But  it  was  a  generous 
prejudice,  and  I  have  also  admired  how,  in  his  practical  judg- 
ment, he  would  unconsciously  neutralize  or  modify  his  profes- 
sional idea.  He  wanted  nothing  but  realities.  He  went  for 
scholarship  and  not  the  show  of  it.  He  accepted  no  metal 
that  would  not  ring.  He  was  accordingly  judged  by  others 
in  reference  to  his  sterling  qualities.  There  might  have  been 
men  about  Trim  who  made  a  greater  figure  than  himself.  It  is 
very  likely.  For,  as  I  remember,  strangers  sometimes  under- 
valued him.  Soon  after  he  left  college,  I  was  sent  to  offer 
him  the  place  of  tutor.  I  had  not  previously  known  him, 
and  my  first  impressions  were  not  agreeable.  I  hesitated  to 
do  my  errand.  After  all  it  was  rather  performed  than  done, 
more  after  a  Roman  than  a  Saxon  fashion.  But  it  turned  out 
better  for  his  character  and  the  public  good,  than  for  my  own 
discernment.  So  of  another  commission  not  only  from  the 
Trustees,  but  the  venerable  Professor  Adams,  to  assure  him 
that  he  would,  after  a  while,  be  wanted  to  take  the  chair  of 
that  noble  old  man,  one  of  the  princes  of  the  earth.  They 
who  knew  him  best  had  marked  him,  even  when  he  took  his 
parchment,  for  that  high  position.  How  well  he  filled  it,  and 
every  other  office  he  sustained,  everybody  who  knows  the 
college  knows. 

"  Professor  Young  was  a  consummate  teacher.  During  his 
college  course  he  taught  school  every  successive  winter,  as  he 
had  done  for  years  preceding,  and  earned  nearly  enough  to  pay 
the  expenses  of  his  course,  for  he  had  high  wages,  and  never 
wasted  them  on  his  clothes  or  pleasures.  That  discipline 
settled  in  his  mind  the  elements  of  knowledge.  The  princi- 
ples of  all  true  knowledge  were  already  laid  ;  first,  when  he 
was  born  ;  and,  secondly,  when  he  was  born  again.  He  had, 


296  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

of  course,  tools  to  work  with,  and  facility  to  use  them  for  the 
googl  of  others,  enlarging  all  the  while  his  own  fabric  till  he 
became  the  man  of  science  that  he  was  for  his  successive 
trusts.  He  loved,  as  few  men  ever  love,  to  teach,  and  as  no 
man  can  love  who  begins  not  early  and  makes  not  teaching 
his  profession.  He  went  to  his  last  recitation  when  he  should 
have  been  upon  his  bed,  to  find  relief  from  the  agonies  he 
suffered,  and  take  off  his  mind  from  the  greater  that  he  feared. 
He  was  never  more  at  home,  or  more  at  ease,  than  with  his 
class.  He  loved  to  enrich  them  out  of  his  own  stores,  and 
thereby  draw  out  and  sharpen  their  independent  faculties. 
He  was  not  disconcerted  when  he  sometimes  drew  to  little 
purpose  ;  though  sure,  by  set  remonstrance,  or  by  his  peculiar, 
quaint,  dry  and  caustic  humor,  to  rebuke  indifference  and 
neglect,  or  expose  the  artifice  of  a  bold,  shrewd^  or  sly  pre- 
tender. He  was  sure  of  what  he  knew,  and  never  gave  way 
without  a  reason.  I  have  sometimes  thought  him  too  sure 
before  he  scanned  a  question.  Yet  he  would  never  persist 
when  he  saw  no  foothold.  He  was  set  but  not  dogmatic,  or 
no  more  so  than  a  sincere  man  must  be  when  he  believes  what 
he  teaches  and  is  in  earnest.  He  would  never  defend  before 
his  class  a  theory  because  it  was  new,  or  because  it  was 
learned,  or  because  it  was  his  own,  or  because  it  was  popular, 
or  because  he  would  otherwise  be  ruled  out  of  the  synagogue, 
till  he  had  made  it  sure  by  calculus,  or  probable  by  analogy. 
When  convinced  that  an  hypothesis  could  not  be  verified  in 
the  present  state  of  knowledge,  or  never  in  logical  consistency 
with  established  facts,  or  moral  certainties,  he  abandoned  it 
like  an  honest  man.  But  where  he  had  his  ground  he  stood, 
and  would  have  it  understood.  Of  course  his  teaching  was 
effectual.  Those  who  would  be  made  scholars  he  made  sound 
and  good  ones.  He  gave  a  strong  character  to  his  departments, 
and  his  departments  were  an  honor  to  the  college. 

44  Professor  Young  was  a  ripe  scholar  in  general.  He  was 
conversant  with  the  accredited  branches  of  knowledge,  and 
held  an  honorable  place  among  learned  men.  He  was  modest 
and  retiring,  content  to  know,  and  unconcerned  about  the  ap- 
pearance of  it.  He  liked  not  to  open  his  mouth  in  the  gate, 
but  he  had  wisdom  to  deliver  the  city.  Nothing  crude,  par- 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE.  297 

tial,  superficial,  or  one-sided,  ever  came  from  him.  His  judg- 
ments were  clear,  comprehensive,  and  decisive.  He  was  slow, 
critical,  and  cautious  in  forming  his  opinions,  and  where  he 
settled  there  he  stayed.  No  man  could  cajole  or  browbeat 
him  out  of  his  convictions. 

"  When  our  professor  lay  dead  before  us,  the  thought  arose 
that,  now,  no  longer  plodding  his  way  to  yonder  dome,  with 
steps  restrained  and  painful  from  an  unknown  disease,  no 
longer  weary  with  watching,  through  his  telescope,  the  distant 
orbs,  nor  with  numbers  and  diagrams  to  find  their  measure, 
he  could  survey,  without  a  glass,  infinitely  greater  wonders 
from  a  higher  sphere  ;  for  he  had  profited  by  his  earthly  dis- 
cipline :  the  heavens  had  declared  to  him  the  glory  of  God, 
and  the  firmament  had  showed  his  handiwork.  The  day  had 
uttered  to  him  speech,  and  the  night  had  showed  to  him 
knowledge.  Next  it  occurred  how  natural  religion  had  been 
thus  reproduced  in  his  mind  and  illustrated  by  a  higher  Rev- 
elation :  4  The  law  of  the  Lord  is  perfect,  converting  the 
soul ;  the  testimonies  of  the  Lord  are  sure,  making  wise  the 
simple;  the  statutes  of  the  Lord  are  right,  rejoicing  the 
heart ;  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  is  pure,  enlightening 
the  eyes.' ' 


298  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER    XXV. 

PROFESSOR  STEPHEN  CHASE.  — PROFESSOR  DAVID  PEABODT. 
—  PROFESSOR  WILLIAM   COGSWELL. 

PROFESSOR  STEPHEN  CHASE,  who  succeeded  Professor 
Young  in  the  chair  of  Mathematics,  the  latter  retaining  the 
department  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Astronomy,  was  the 
son  of  Benjamin  Pike  and  Mary  (Chase)  Chase,  and  was  born 
at  Chester,  N.  H.,  August  30,  1813. 

The  following  notice  of  this  distinguished  mathematician  is 
from  a  commemorative  "Discourse"  by  President  Lord:  — 

"  In  the  first  class  that  entered  the  college,  after  my  con- 
nection with  it,  nearly  twenty-three  years  ago,  a  young  man, 
spare,  tall,  as  yet  unformed  in  manner,  soon  engaged  the  at- 
tention of  his  teachers.  We  marked  his  mild,  serene,  yet 
quick  and  penetrating  eye,  his  independent,  unaffected,  yet 
modest  and  regulated  movement,  his  lively,  versatile,  earnest, 
and  comprehensive  mind,  his  cheerful  and  honest  diligence, 
his  punctual  attendance  upon  the  exercises  of  the  college,  his 
respectful,  but  unstudied  and  confiding  deportment  towards 
his  superiors,  his  frank  and  generous,  but  reserved  inter- 
course with  his  fellow  students,  his  care  in  selecting  his  most 
intimate  associates,  and  his  quiet,  unpretending,  yet  exact 
and  intelligent  performance  of  all  the  studies  of  the  course. 
An  indifferent  stranger  would  not  have  noticed  him,  except, 
perhaps,  to  criticize  his  unique  exterior ;  and  his  fellow  stu- 
dents, as  is  natural  to  young  persons  who  are  most  impressed 
by  aesthetical  manner  and  accomplishment,  did  not  dignify 
him  as  a  leader  or  an  oracle.  But  a  deeper  insight  convinced 
his  teachers  that,  whatever  partial  observers  might  think  want- 
ing in  respect  to  artistic  excellence,  was  well  supplied  by  more 
substantial  and  enduring  qualities.  Their  eye  followed  him, 
while  here,  as  a  sound-minded,  true-hearted  young  man,  and 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  299 

a  thorough  scholar ;  and,  after  he  had  graduated,  as  a  teacher 
at  the  South,  and  in  two  of  the  oldest  academies  of  New  Eng- 
land. In  these  different  relations  he  fully  justified  the  good' 
name  which  he  had  left  behind  him  at  the  college,  till,  the 
proper  occasions  serving,  he  was  called  back  to  be  first  a  tutor, 
and  then  professor  of  the  Mathematics.  The  subsequent 
course  of  Mr.  Chase  proved  that  his  instructors  had  not  mis- 
calculated his  powers,  nor  over-estimated  his  qualifications  for 
one  of  the  most  difficult  and  trying  positions  in  a  learned  in- 
stitution. 

"  Professor  Chase  performed  the  duties  of  his  office  without 
interruption  till  the  close  of  the  last  term,  during  a  period 
of  about  thirteen  years ;  and  died,  after  a  short  illness,  in  va- 
cation, while  yet  a  young  man.  He  was  scarcely  thirty-eight 
years  of  age.  Yet  he  was  old,  if  we  measure  time,  as  schol- 
ars should,  not  by  the  motion  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  but  the 
succession  of  ideas.  He  had  made  great  proficiency  in  knowl- 
edge. Well  he  might ;  for  he  had  great  susceptibilities.  His 
temperament  was  ardent,  his  instincts  were  lively,  his  percep- 
tions keen,  his  thoughts  rapid,  his  reasoning  faculties  sharp, 
his  imagination  fiery,  and  his  will  determined.  No  man  has 
all  his  active  powers  proportioned  ;  for  that  would  constitute 
perfection,  which  exists  not  in  this  world  any  more  in  physi- 
cal than  in  moral  natures.  But  his  balance  was  less  disturbed 
than  most,  and,  consequently,  he  was  capable  of  various  and 
large  attainments.  What  he  could  he  did,  for  his  spirit  was 
earnest,  and  his  industry  untiring.  He  had  become  well 
founded  and  extensively  versed  in  most  departments  of  lib- 
eral study,  and  it  would  be  difficult  to  say  in  what  branch  of 
knowledge  he  would  have  been  most  competent  to  excel.  He 
was  not  a  genius  ;  that  is,  no  one  power  of  the  mind  absorbed 
the  others,  and  his  culture  was  not  unequal.  Therefore  he 
would  not  have  glared  for  a  while,  like  a  meteor,  and  then  ex- 
ploded, but  he  would  have  stood  one  of  the  pillars  of  learn- 
ing, and  a  true  conservator  of  society. 

"  A  man  of  excellent  constitutional  faculties,  like  Mr.  Chase, 
must  use  them,  if  Providence  gives  him  opportunity.  He  has 
a  self-moving  power.  He  cannot  be  still.  Use  of  the  facul- 
ties increases  their  facility  and  productiveness ;  and  the  in- 


300  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

crease  of  products  increases  the  love  of  acquisition.  His 
gains,  and  his  consequent  love  of  gain,  will  be  according  to 
the  Providential  direction  which  he  takes,  whether  to  a  trade, 
an  art,  a  profession,  to  the  pursuit  of  wealth,  or  power,  or 
general  knowledge.  Mr.  Chase's  direction  was  to  knowledge. 
He  acquired  it  easily,  his  stores  rapidly  increased,  and  the 
love  of  it  became  a  passion.  He  loved  knowledge  as  some 
men  love  'pleasure,  and  others  gold,  for  its  own  sake.  Yet 
not  exclusively,  for  he  was  genial,  warm-hearted,  and  hu- 
mane. He  appreciated  the  enjoyments  of  personal,  domestic, 
and  social  life.  No  man  could  be  more  affectionate,  kind, 
generous,  or  public-spirited.  He  was  never  a  recluse  or  an 
ascetic.  He  was  ready  to  take  anything  in  hand,  and  liked  to 
have  his  hands  full.  He  desired  an  estate,  he  studied  a  pro- 
fession, he  amused  himself  with  useful  arts,  he  loved  a  farm, 
a  garden,  an  orchard,  a  fruitery,  an  apiary ;  and  occasionally, 
to  do  the  work  proper  to  them  all  himself  ;  and  he  did  it  well. 
But  knowledge,  science,  in  the  largest  sense,  was  his  beau 
ideal. 

"  Professor  Chase,  as  might  be  expected,  had  great  excel- 
lence as  a  teacher  and  governor  of  college.  His  ideal  of  edu- 
cation may  be  inferred  from  his  personal  culture.  This  had 
always  been  general  and  liberal.  He  omitted  no  branch  of 
important  knowledge.  He  accepted  nothing  partial.  He  be- 
lieved in  none  of  the  romantic  expedients  which  are  often 
hastily  adopted,  and  successively  abandoned,  for  making  schol- 
ars without  materials,  and  forcing  public  institutions  of  learn- 
ing, for  a  present  popular  effect,  off  from  the  methods  which 
nature  has  prescribed,  and  experience  has  sanctioned.  He  re- 
garded a  college  as  a  place  not  so  much  of  learning,  as  of 
preparation  for  learning,  —  a  school  of  discipline,  to  bring  the 
student  up  to  manhood  with  ability  to  perform  thenceforth 
the  hard  work  of  a  man  in  his  particular  profession.  To  that 
end  no  part  of  fundamental  study  could  be  spared.  He  would 
as  soon  have  judged  that  young  men  could  be  trained  to  ex- 
cellence in  the  mechanic  arts,  while  they  disused  any  impor- 
tant organ  of  the  body ;  or  a  sculptor  elaborate  a  perfect 
model  by  chiseling  only  the  limbs.  He  would  not  expect 
such  a  mechanic,  or  artist,  or  educators  of  the  same  school,  to 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  301 

find  either  honorable  or  lucrative  employment,  when  society, 
though  temporarily  blinded  by  ingenious  but  visionary  proj- 
ects of  improvement,  should  learn  the  practical  difference  be- 
tween the  whole  of  anything  and  its  parts.  He  would  not 
have  consented  that  any  other  department  of  college  study 
should  be  sacrificed  even  to  the  Mathematics. 

"  But  he  would  have  the  Mathematics  lie,  physically,  where 
God  has  placed  it,  at  the  foundation.  He  would  have  the 
student  early  settled  and  accustomed  to  the  most  approved 
methods  and  varieties  of  demonstrative  science.  He  would 
discipline  the  mind  among  the  certainties  of  numbers,  that 
it  might  better  search  for  truth  among  the  probabilities  of 
things ;  just  as  we  learn  to  swim  where  we  can  touch  bottom 
before  it  is  safe  to  plunge  into  the  deep.  He  judged  soundly 
that  one  must  learn  to  use  his  reason  before  he  can  wisely  ap- 
ply it  to  the  purposes  of  life  ;  and  that  without  this  prelim- 
inary training  nothing  else  can  be  learned  well ;  and  that 
whatever  otherwise  seem  to  be  accomplishments,  turn  out,  at 
length,  to  be  fantasies  that  vanish  in  the  turmoil  and  struggle 
of  life,  or  mislead  men  into  a  false  and  fickle  management  of 
affairs.  Wherefore  he  felt  the  peculiar  responsibility  of  his 
position  with  all  the  intenseness  of  his  earnest  and  far-reach- 
ing mind.  He  knew  that  his  department,  though  most  diffi- 
cult to  be  commended  to  young  men  in  general,  was  most 
indispensable  to  their  success,  and  he  sought  accordingly  to 
magnify  his  office.  That  he  was  a  complete  master  of  it  is 
out  of  question.  Of  this  he  has  left  enduring  monuments ; 
and  not  the  least,  I  am  happy  to  say,  in  minds  which  he  had 
trained. 

"  His  own  perception  of  relations  was  like  intuition,  and 
hence  he  was  sometimes  uneasy  at  the  embarrassments  of 
students,  even  when  involuntary,  and  much  more,  when  the 
result  of  indifference  or  neglect,  even  though  they  might  at 
times  be  increased  by  the  rapidity  of  his  own  illustrations. 
I  should  have  dreaded  to  be  taken  by  Professor  Chase  to 
the  blackboard,  unless  I  had  a  good  lesson,  or  a  good  con- 
science; and  I  could  not  have  been  sure  that  the  latter 
would  avail  me  without  the  former.  But  though  I  should 
have  shrunk  from  the  criticism,  I  should  have  respected  the 


302  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

man.  If  I  feared  him  in  the  lecture-room,  I  should  honor 
him  in  his  study ;  for  there  his  warm  heart  would  open  to  the 
story  of  my  mental  trials,  and  he  would  lead  me,  and  help 
me  to  bear  my  burdens,  with  the  kindness  of  an  elder  brother. 
He  was  exacting,  but  he  was  humane ;  he  was  impatient,  but 
full  of  generous  sympathies.  These  qualities  might  not  al- 
ways be  tempered  in  the  hurry  of  an  occasiop,  but  found  their 
balance  in  the  leisure  and  quiet  intercourse  of  retirement.  He 
was  just  and  faithful.  He  had  strong  likes,  but  he  would 
yield  a  favorite  when  he  must ;  and  strong  dislikes,  but  he 
was  incapable  of  hate.  He  stopped  short  of  all  extremes. 
You  could  move  him  easily  either  way  on  the  current  of  the 
sympathies ;  but  you  could  not  tempt  him  to  do  wrong.  As 
with  the  judgment,  so  with  the  sensibilities  ;  they  were  led 
by  conscience.  As  with  the  love  of  knowledge,  so  with  the 
passions  ;  they  were  subject  to  the  love  of  truth.  Whatever 
the  occasional  excitement  of  the  intellect  or  the  feelings,  there 
was  that  in  his  mind  which  made  it  impossible  for  him  to  be 
an  enemy  of  God  or  man.  The  soul  had  been  harmonized  by 
grace. 

"  Mr.  Chase  had  a  pious  ancestry,  and  was  brought  up  by 
Christian  parents  in  the  fear  of  God.  An  excellent  mother, 
an  invalid  in  his  childhood,  sat  much  in  her  arm-chair  with 
the  Bible  on  her  knee.  She  used  it  with  her  little  boy  as  she 
would  a  primer.  Before  he  was  four  years  old  he  had  learned 
to  read  it,  and  read  through  the  New  Testament ;  and  that 
particular  volume  now  remains  the  best  part  of  his  estate. 
He  was  ever  afterwards  a  diligent  student  of  the  Bible,  and 
never  ceased  to  honor  the  father  and  mother  who  had  led  him 
in  this  way  of  life.  Filial  reverence  was  one  of  his  most  beau- 
tiful and  characteristic  traits.  It  was  a  natural  step  to  the 
fear  of  God  ;  and  the  early  fear  of  God  is  likely  to  be  suc- 
ceeded, according  to  the  covenant,  by  that  love  of  God  which, 
when  perfected,  casteth  out  fear.  During  his  third  year  at 
college  he  became,  as  he  hoped,  regenerate,  and  professed  his 
faith  in  Christ.  It  is  said  that  his  religious  awakening  at  that 
time  was  unusually  deep  ;  his  awe  of  the  Divine  government 
and  his  sense  of  sin  profound  ;  his  acknowledgment  of  God's 
justice  and  general  sovereignty  unreserved  ;  and  his  trust  in 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  303 

Christ  for  justification  free  and  unqualified.  That  sheet-an- 
chor saved  him.  It  brought  him  up,  subsequently,  in  the 
hour  of  danger.  When  the  fitful  and  rough  winds  of  the 
spirit  of  the  power  of  the  air  beat  upon  him,  and  the  swelling 
waters  went  over  his  soul,  it  dragged,  but  it  held.  It  was  cast 
within  the  veil.  That  New  Testament  in  his  childhood,  that 
subjection  to  his  parents,  that  conversion  at  college,  —  they 
were  blessings  to  him  and  to  us  that  can  be  measured  only 
by  eternity. 

"  It  was  a  sorrowful  day  when,  in  the  solitude  and  stillness 
of  the  winter  vacation,  we  laid  him  in  the  tomb.  It  was  sor- 
rowful in  that  house  where  he  had  been  the  joy  and  hope  of 
loving  and  trusting  hearts,  and  had  found  rest  from  the  cares 
and  vexations  of  official  life ;  where  a  sincere,  unworldly,  un- 
artificial  hospitality  always  reigned ;  whence  tokens  of  kind- 
ness went  freely  round  to  friends,  and  compassionate  charity 
to  the  poor.  It  was  sorrowful  to  his  colleagues,  for  we  trusted 
him,  his  knowledge  and  judgment,  his  integrity  and  zeal, 
his  faithfulness  and  efficiency,  his  independence  and  courage. 
We  knew  that  he  was  above  pretense,  artifice,  and  duplicity ; 
that  in  his  keeping,  righteous  principle  was  safe,  and  over  his 
application  of  it  wisdom,  benevolence,  and  firmness  would 
preside.  It  was  sorrowful  to  the  village,  for  he  was  known 
to  be  a  just  man,  a  kind  neighbor,  and  a  good  citizen.  He 
was  always  ready  to  do  what  he  could  for  the  common 
welfare,  and  to  bear  his  proportion  of  the  common  burdens. 
Every  man  in  the  community  felt  that  he  had  lost  a  friend." 

The  scientific  world  could  have  no  better  demonstration  of 
Professor  Chase's  rare  mathematical  talents  than  his  text  book 
on  Algebra,  which  is  still  used  in  one  department  of  the  col- 
lege. 

Professor  Chase  married  Sarah  Thompson,  daughter  of 
Ichabod  Goodwin,  and  granddaughter  of  General  Ichabod 
Goodwin,  of  South  Berwick,  Me.  He  died  at  Hanover,  Jan- 
uary 7,  1851. 

In  "  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American  Pulpit,"  we  find  the 
following  notice  —  furnished  by  the  kindness  of  Rev.  Daniel 
L.  Furbur,  D.  D.  —  of  a  gentleman  of  great  worth,  whose 
early  death  was  a  serious  loss  to  the  college  : 


304  DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  DAVID  PEABODY,  the  youngest  son  of  John  and  Lydia 
(Balch)  Peabody,  was  born  at  Topsfield,  Mass.,  April  16, 
1805.  He  was  employed  more  or  less  upon  his  father's  farm 
till  he  was  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  of  age ;  but  as  his  physical 
constitution  was  thought  to  be  not  well  suited  to  agricultural 
life,  and  as  his  early  tastes  were  more  than  ordinarily  intel- 
lectual, and  he  had  a  strong  desire  for  a  collegiate  education, 
his  father  consented  to  gratify  him  ;  and,  in  the  spring  of 
1821,  he  commenced  the  study  of  Latin  at  Dummer  Acad- 
emy, Byfield.  .The  same  year  his  thoughts  were  earnestly 
directed  to  the  great  subject  of  his  own  salvation,  though  he 
did  not  feel  so  much  confidence  in  the  genuineness  of  his  re- 
ligious exercises  as  to  make  a  public  profession  of  his  faith 
until  three  years  afterwards.  In  1824,  he  united  with  the 
Congregational  Church  in  his  native  place,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  the  same  year  joined  the  Freshman  class  in  Dartmouth 
College. 

"  By  severe  labor  during  his  collegiate  course,  he  overtasked 
his  naturally  feeble  constitution,  and  thus  prepared  the  way 
for  much  future  debility  and  suffering.  He  was  graduated  in 
1828,  on  which  occasion  he  delivered  the  valedictory  oration. 

"  After  spending  a  few  weeks  in  recruiting  his  health  at 
his  father's,  he  became,  for  a  short  time,  assistant  editor  of 
the  'New  Hampshire  Observer,'  at  Portsmouth,  but  before 
the  close  of  1828  he  entered  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Andover.  In  the  spring  of  1829,  he  accepted  an  invitation 
to  take  charge  of  a  Young  Ladies'  Select  School  at  Ports- 
mouth ;  but  in  the  autumn  of  1830  his  declining  health 
obliged  him  to  relinquish  it,  and  to  seek  a  Southern  residence. 
He  went  to  Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia,  and  secured  a 
situation  as  teacher  in  an  excellent  family,  —  that  of  Dr.  Mor- 
ton, and  at  the  same  time  entered  the  Union  Theological 
Seminary,  of  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Rice  was  the 
founder  and  principal  professor.  He  remained  in  the  family 
of  Dr.  Morton  till  he  had  completed  the  prescribed  course  of 
study,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  West  Hanover  Pres- 
bytery in  April,  1831 ;  after  which  he  supplied  the  church 
at  Scottsville  for  six  months.  So  acceptable  were  his  services, 
that  the  congregation  would  gladly  have  retained  him  as  their 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  305 

pastor ;  but,  as  he  preferred  a  Northern  residence,  he  declined 
all  overtures  for  a  settlement,  and  returned  to  New  England, 
with  his  health  much  improved,  in  1832.  In  November  of 
the  same  year  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Church  in 
Lynn,  Mass.  In  September,  1834,  he  was  married  to  Maria, 
daughter  of  Lincoln  Brigham,  then  of  Cambridge,  but  for- 
merly of  Southborough,  Mass.  In  January,  1835,  he  was  at- 
tacked with  a  severe  hemorrhage,  which  greatly  reduced  his 
strength,  and  obliged  him  for  a  season  to  intermit  his  labors. 
Finding  the  climate  unfavorable,  he  reluctantly  came  to  the 
determination  to  resign  his  pastoral  charge,  with  a  view  of 
seeking  an  inland  home,  when  his  health  should  be  sufficiently 
recruited  to  justify  him  in  resuming  the  stated  duties  of  the 
ministry. 

u  Accordingly,  in  the  spring  of  1835,  he  was  dismissed, 
after  which  he  spent  some  time  in  traveling  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  an  agent  for  the 
Massachusetts  Sabbath-school  Society.  His  health  now  rap- 
idly improved,  and  on  the  15th  of  July  succeeding  his  dismis- 
sion, he  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Calvinist  Church  in 
Worcester. 

"  The  change  of  climate  seemed,  for  a  time,  highly  bene- 
ficial, and  had  begun  to  induce  the  hope  that  his  health  might 
become  fully  established  ;  but,  in  the  winter  of  1835-36,  he 
was  prostrated  by  another  attack  of  hemorrhage,  which  again 
clouded,  his  prospects  of  ministerial  usefulness.  In  the  spring 
of  1836,  his  health  had  so  far  improved  that  he  resumed  his 
ministerial  labors  and  continued  them  through  the  summer ; 
but  in  September,  his  symptoms  again  became  more  unfavor- 
able, and  he  determined,  in  accordance  with  medical  advice, 
to  try  the  effect  of  a  sea  voyage  and  a  winter  in  the  South. 
Accordingly,  he  sailed  in  November  for  New  Orleans ;  and, 
on  arriving  there,  decided  on  going  to  St.  Francisville,  a 
village  on  the  Mississippi.  Here  he  remained  during  the 
winter,  preaching  to  both  the  white  and  colored  population, 
as  his  strength  would  allow.  In  the  spring,  he  returned  to 
his  pastoral  charge,  with  his  health  considerably  invigorated. 
He  labored  pretty  constantly,  though  not  without  much  debil- 
ity, until  the  succeeding  spring  (1838),  when  he  found  it 


306  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

necessary  again  to  desist  from  his  labors,  and  take  a  season  of 
rest.  In  company  with  a  friend,  he  journeyed  through  a  part 
of  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire,  and  on  reaching  Hanover, 
the  day  after  Commencement,  was  surprised  to  learn  that  he 
had  been  appointed  professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege. Conscious  of  his  inability  to  meet  any  longer  the  claims 
of  a  pastoral  charge,  and  hoping  that  his  health  might  be  ad- 
equate to  the  lighter  duties  of  a  professorship,  he  could  not 
doubt  that  the  indications  of  Providence  were  in  favor  of  his 
accepting  the  appointment.  He  did  accept  it,  and  shortly 
after  resigned  his  charge  at  Worcester,  amidst  many  expres- 
sions of  affection  and  regret  on  the  part  of  his  people,  and,  in 
October  following,  entered  on  the  duties  of  his  professorship. 

"  The  change  of  labor  proved  highly  beneficial,  and  during 
the  winter  of  1838-39,  he  enjoyed  a  degree  of  health  which 
he  had  not  known  for  many  previous  years.  In  March,  he 
was  so  much  encouraged  in  respect  to  himself  that  he  re- 
marked to  a  friend  that  he  thought  God  would  indulge  the 
cherished  wish  of  his  heart,  and  permit  him  again  to  labor  as 
a  minister.  But  another  cloud  quickly  appeared  in  his  hori- 
zon, which  proved  ominous  of  the  destruction  of  all  his  earthly 
hopes.  In  April  following,  he  suffered  from  an  attack  of 
pleurisy,  which  was  followed  by  lung  fever  ;  and,  though  he 
so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  attend  to  his  college  duties 
till  'the  September  following,  it  became  manifest  to  all  that 
his  disease  was,  on  the  whole,  advancing  towards  a  fatal  ter- 
mination. He  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-four  years  and  six 
months,  on  the  17th  of  October,  1839.  His  last  days  were 
rendered  eminently  tranquil  by  the  blessed  hopes  and  conso- 
lations of  the  gospel.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Lord,  President  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  was 
published.  He  left  no  children. 

"  Mr.  Peabody's  published  works  are  a  brief  '  Memoir  of 
Horace  Bassett  Morse,'  1830  ;  a  Discourse  on  4  The  Conduct 
of  Men  Considered  in  Contrast  with  the  Law  of  God,'  1836  ; 
a  '  Sermon  on  the  Sin  of  Covetousness,  Considered  in  Re- 
spect to  Intemperance,  Indian  Oppression,  Slavery,'  etc., 
1838  ;  the  4  Patriarch  of  Hebron,  or  the  History  of  Abraham  ' 
(posthumous),  1841." 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  307 

FROM  THE  REV.    SAMUEL  G.   BROWN,   D.   D. 

"DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE,  July  25,  1856. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  send  you 
my  impressions  of  Professor  Peabody,  though  others  could 
write  with  more  authority.  I  knew  him  in  college,  where  he 
was  my  senior.  He  belonged  to  a  class  of  great  excellence, 
and  was  honorably  distinguished  throughout  his  college  course 
for  general  scholarship,  diligence,  fidelity,  and  great  weight 
of  personal  influence,  in  favor  of  all  things  4  excellent  and  of 
good  report.'  His  character  was  mature  and  his  mind  al- 
ready well  disciplined  when  he  entered  the  class,  and  educa- 
tion had  perhaps  less  to  accomplish  for  him  in  the  matter  of 
elegant  culture  than  for  almost  any  one  of  his  associates. 
Hence  there  was  not  the  same  conspicuous  progress  in  him  as 
in  some  others.  Yet  at  the  time  of  graduation  he  stood 
among  the  first,  as  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  he  was  the- 
orator  of  one  of  the  literary  societies,  and  was-  selected  by 
the  Faculty  to  deliver  the  valedictory  oration  at  Commence- 
ment. In  every  department  of  study  he  was  a  good  scholar,, 
—  in  the  classical,  moral,  and  rhetorical  departments,  preemi- 
nent. As  a  preacher,  he  was  distinguished  for  a  certain  full- 
ness and  harmony  of  style,  justness  in  the  exposition  of  doc- 
trine, and  weight  of  exhortation.  He  was  prudent  without 
being  timid,  and  zealous  without  being  rash  ;  eminently  prac- 
tical, though  possessing  a  love  of  ideal  beauty,  and  a  cultivated 
and  sensitive  taste,  and  as  far  removed  from  formalism  on  the 
one  side  as  from  fanaticism  on  the  other.  Dignified  and  cour- 
teous in  manner,  he  was  highly  respected  by  all  his  acquaint- 
ances, and  while  a  pastor,  greatly  esteemed  and  beloved  by 
his  people.  His  fine  natural  qualities  were  marred  by  few 
blemishes,  and  his  religious  character  was  steadily  and  con- 
stantly developed  year  by  year.  Grave,  sincere,  earnest,  he 
went  about  his  labors  as  one  mindful  of  his  responsibility,  and 
as  seen  under  his  '  great  Task-master's  eye.'  Indeed  his  anx- 
ieties outran  his  strength,  and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  undone 
much  that  was  dearest  to  his  hopes.  The  disease  to  which  he 
finally  yielded  had  more  than  once  '  weakened  his  strength  in 
the  way,'  before  he  was  finally  prostrated  by  it.  The  conse- 


308  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

quent  uncertainty  of  life  had  perhaps  imparted  to  him  more 
than  usual  seriousness,  and  a  deep  solicitude  to  work  while 
the  day  lasted.  He  performed  the  duties  of  a  professor  in 
college  but  a  single  3rear,  and  that  with  some  interruptions. 
No  better  account  of  the  general  impression  of  his  life  on  those 
who  knew  him  best  can  be  given  than  in  the  language  of  a 
sermon  preached  at  his  funeral  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Lord. 

"  4  What  his  private  papers  show  him  to  have  felt  in  the 
presence  of  his  God  was  made  evident,  also,  in  his  social  and 
official  intercourse.  Intelligent,  grave,  dignified ;  conscien- 
tious in  all  his  relations,  from  the  student  upwards  to  the 
teacher,  the  pastor,  the  professor ;  nothing  empty  as  a  scholar, 
nothing  unsettled  or  inconsistent  as  a  divine,  nothing  vague 
or  groundless  as  an  instructor;  sincere,  generous,  honorable, 
devout ;  keenly  sensitive  in  respect  to  the  proprieties  and 
charities  of  life ;  warm  in  his  affections,  strong  in  his  attach- 
ments, stern  in  his  integrity;  above  the  arts  of  policy,  the 
jealousies  of  competition,  the  subserviency  of  party  spirit,  and 
simply  intent  upon  serving  God,  in  his  own  house,  and  in  all 
his  official  ministrations,  he  was  one  of  the  few  who  are  quali- 
fied to  be  models  for  the  young,  ornaments  to  general  society, 
and  pillars  in  the  church  of  God.' 

"  Hoping,  dear  sir,  that  this  hasty  and  imperfect  sketch 
may  be  of  some  trifling  service  in  commemorating  a  good  man, 
who  deserves  something  much  better, 

"I  am  very  truly  your  obedient  friend  and  servant, 

"  S.  G.  BROWN." 

FROM  THE  REV.   JOHN  NELSON,   D.   D. 

"  LEICESTER,  July  23,  1856. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR:  My  personal  acquaintance  with  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Peabody  was  limited  to  the  period  during  which  he  was 
the  pastor  of  the  Central  Church,  in  Worcester.  While  he 
held  that  office,  I  had,  I  may  say,  an  intimate,  —  certainly 
a  most  happy,  acquaintance  with  him.  I  often  saw  him  in 
his  own  house,  and  often  received  him  as  a  welcome  guest  in 
mine.  I  often  met  him  in  the  association  to  which  we  both 
belonged  and  in  ecclesiastical  councils. 

"  I  remember  him  as  having  a  rather  tall  and  commanding 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  309 

figure,  and  a  benign  countenance,  beaming  with  intelligence, 
especially  when  engaged  in  conversation.  This  appearance, 
however,  was  modified  by  constant  ill  health.  No  one  could 
be  with  him  without  receiving  the  impression  that  he  was  a 
scholar,  as  well  as  a  deep  and  accurate  thinker. 

"  The  few  sermons  which  I  heard  him  read,  or  deliver  from 
the  pulpit,  were  of  a  high  order,  distinguished  for  both  accu- 
racy of  style  and  power  of  thought.  They  were  clear,  me- 
thodical, and  highly  eloquent.  It  was  my  own  impression, 
and  I  know  it  was  the  impression  of  some  of  his  most  distin- 
guished hearers,  that  he  was  among  the  best  preachers  of  his 
time.  In  ecclesiastical  councils  he  was  shrewd,  discerning, 
and  wise.  As  a  friend,  he  was  always  reliable.  His  moral 
character  was  not  only  high,  but  well  balanced,  and  marred 
by  no  inconsistencies. 

"  It  is  presumed  that  no  one  will  dissent  from  the  state- 
ment that,  during  the  few  years  he  was  in  Worcester,  by  his 
intelligence,  his  manly  virtues,  his  kindness  of  heart,  his 
active  labors  for  the  advancement  of  Christ's  kingdom,  and 
his  ability  as  well  as  faithfulness  as  a  preacher,  he  greatly 
commended  himself,  not  only  to  the  people  of  his  immediate 
charge,  but  to  the  whole  community  in  which  he  labored. 
"  Affectionately  yours, 

"JOHN  NELSON." 

We  are  indebted  to  "  Sprague's  Annals  of  the  American 
Pulpit"  for  yet  another  notice  —  furnished  by  the  kindness 
of  Rev.  Daniel  Lancaster  —  of  a  gentleman  widely  known  to 
the  friends  of  education  and  religion. 

"  WILLIAM  COGSWELL,  the  son  of  Dr.  William  and  Judith 
(Badger)  Cogswell,  was  born  in  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  June  5, 
1787.  He  was  a  descendant  from  John  Cogswell,  of  West- 
bury,  Wiltshire,  England,  who,  with  his  family,  sailed  from 
Bristol  in  a  vessel  called  the  4  Angel  Gabriel,'  June  4,  1635, 
and  was  wrecked  at  Pemaquid  (now  Bristol),  Maine.  He  set- 
tled at  Chebacco,  now  Essex,  then  a  part  of  Ipswich,  Mass., 
where  he  died  November  29,  1669,  about  fifty-eight  years  old. 
His  father  was  distinguished  as  a  physician  and  a  magistrate, 
and  held  the  office  of  hospital  surgeon  in  the  army  during  the 


310  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

war  that  gave  us  our  Independence.  His  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  Badger,  of  Gilmanton,  a  gentle- 
man of  great  respectability  and  for  a  long  time  in  public  life. 

"  Under  the  influence  of  good  parental  instruction,  his  mind 
was  early  formed  to  a  deep  sense  of  the  importance  of  relig- 
ion ;  but  it  was  not  till  he  was  fitting  for  college  at  Atkinson, 
that  he  received  those  particular  religious  impressions  which 
he  considered  as  marking  the  commencement  of  his  Christian 
life.  He  did  not  make  a  public  profession  of  religion  until 
the  close  of  his  Junior  year,  September,  1810 ;  at  that  time 
he,  with  both  his  parents,  and  all  his  brothers  and  sisters, 
nine  in  number,  received  baptism,  and  were  admitted  to  the 
church  on  the  same  day,  in  his  native  place,  by  the  Rev. 
Stephen  Peabody. 

"  He  became  a  member  of  Dartmouth  College  in  1807. 
Having  maintained  a  highly  respectable  standing  in  a  class 
that  has  since  numbered  an  unusual  proportion  of  distin- 
guished men,  he  graduated  in  1811.  For  two  years  after 
leaving  college,  he  was  occupied  in  teaching  in  the  Atkinson 
and  Hampton  Academies.  But,  during  this  time,  having 
resolved  to  'enter  the  ministry,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
Theology  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Webster  of 
Hampton,  and  subsequently  continued  it  under  Dr.  Dana  of 
Newburyport,  and  Dr.  Worcester  of  Salem,  —  chiefly  the  lat- 
ter. Having  received  license  to  preach  from  the  Piscataqua 
Association,  September  29,  1813,  he  performed  a  tour  of  mis- 
sionary service  in  New  Hampshire,  and  at  the  close  of  Decem- 
ber, 1813,  returned  to  Massachusetts,  and  accepted  an  invi- 
tation to  preach  as  a  candidate  for  settlement,  in  the  south 
parish  in  Dedham.  After  laboring  there  a  few  weeks,  he  re- 
ceived a  unanimous  call,  which,  in  due  time,  he  accepted, 
and  on  the  20th  of  April,  1815,  he  was  duly  set  apart  to  the 
pastoral  office.  Here  he  continued  laboriously  and  usefully 
employed  about  fourteen  years,  during  which  time  the  church 
under  his  care  was  doubled  in  numbers,  and  enjoyed  a  high 
degree  of  spiritual  prosperity. 

kt  In  June,  1829,  he  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the 
American  Education  Society,  and  he  accordingly  resigned 
his  pastoral  charge  with  a  view  to  an  acceptance  of  the  place. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  311 

He  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  new  office  in  August  fol- 
lowing, and  so  acceptable  were  his  services,  and  so  well 
adapted  was  he  found  to  be  to  such  a  field  of  labor,  that  in 
January,  1832,  he  was  elected  secretary  and  director  of  the 
Society.  His  duties  now  became  exceedingly  arduous,  and  his 
situation  one  of  vast  responsibility.  In  addition  to  all  the 
other  labors  incident  to  his  situation,  he  had  an  important 
agency  in  conducting  the  '  Quarterly  Journal  and  Register  of 
the  American  Education  Society,'  —  a  work  that  required 
great  research,  and  that  has  preserved  much  for  the  benefit  of 
posterity  which  would  otherwise  have  been  irrecoverably  lost. 

"  In  1833,  he  was  honored  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity,  by  Williams  College. 

"It  became  manifest,  after  a  few  years,  that  Dr.  Cogswell's 
physical  constitution  was  gradually  yielding  to  the  immense 
pressure  to  which  it  was  subjected.  He  accordingly  signified 
to  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Education  Society  his  inten- 
tion to  resign  his  office  as  secretary,  as  soon  as  a  successor 
could  be  found.  He  was  induced,  however,  by  their  urgent 
solicitation,  to  withhold  his  resignation  for  a  short  time; 
though  in  April,  1841,  his  purpose  was  carried  out,  and  his 
resignation  accepted.  The  Board  with  which  he  had  been 
connected,  rendered,  on  his  taking  leave  of  them,  the  most 
honorable  testimony  to  the  ability  and  fidelity  with  which  he 
had  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office. 

"  On  the  same  month  that  he  determined  on  resigning  his 
place  in  the  Education  Society,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Trus- 
tees of  Dartmouth  College,  professor  of  History  and  National 
Education.  Here  again  his  labors  were  very  oppressive,  as 
he  was  obliged  not  only  to  prepare  a  course  of  lectures  on  a 
subject  comparatively  new,  but  to  perform  much  other  ser- 
vice, especially  in  the  way  of  collecting  funds  to  endow  his 
professorship.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental,  at  this  time,  in 
establishing  the  Northern  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and 
of  gathering  for  it  a  library  of  about  two  thousand  volumes. 

"  But  while  he  was  thus  actively  and  usefully  engaged,  he 
was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Gilmanton,  in  connection  also  with  the  professorship  of  The- 
ology, and  a  general  agency  in  collecting  funds.  There  were 


312  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

many  circumstances  that  led  him  to  think  favorably  of  the 
proposal,  and  finally  to  accept  it.  He  accordingly  removed 
his  family  to  Gilmanton,  in  January,  1844. 

"  His  expectations  in  this  last  field  of  labor  seem  scarcely 
to  have  been  realized.  The  removal  of  one  of  the  professors 
to  another  institution,  devolved  upon  him  an  amount  of  labor 
which  he  had  not  anticipated,  and  he  found  it  impossible  to 
attend  to  the  business  of  instruction,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
be  abroad  among  the  churches  soliciting  pecuniary  aid.  At 
length,  finding  that  the  public  mind  was  greatly  divided  as 
to  the  expediency  of  making  any  further  efforts  to  sustain  the 
institution,  he  recommended  that  its  operations  should,  for 
the  time  being,  be  suspended ;  though  he  considered  it  as  only 
a  suspension,  and  confidently  believed  that  it  had  yet  an  im- 
portant work  to  perform.  He  held  himself  ready  after  this 
to  give  private  instruction  in  Theology,  whenever  it  was 
desired. 

"  In  1848,  Dr.  Cogswell  suffered  a  severe  domestic  affliction 
in  the  death  of  his  only  son,  —  a  young  man  of  rare  promise, 
at  the  age  of  twenty.  This  seemed  to  give  a  shock  to  his 
constitution  from  which  he  never  afterwards  fully  recovered. 
He  acted  as  a  stated  supply  to  the  First  Church  in  Gilmanton 
until  the  early  part  of  January,  1850,  when  he  was  suddenly 
overtaken  with  a  disease  of  the  heart  that  eventually  termi- 
nated his  life.  He  preached  on  the  succeeding  Sabbath  (Jan- 
uary 13),  but  it  was  for  the  last  time.  He  performed  some 
literary  labor  after  this,  and  read  the  concluding  proof  sheet 
of  a  work  that  he  was  carrying  through  the  press  for  the 
New  Hampshire  Historical  Society.  When  he  found  that 
death  was  approaching,  though  at  first  he  seemed  to  wish  to 
live,  that  he  might  carry  out  some  of  his  plans  of  usefulness, 
not  yet  accomplished,  he  soon  became  perfectly  reconciled  to 
the  prospect  of  his  departure.  He  died  in  serene  triumph,  — 
connecting  all  his  hopes  of  salvation  with  the  truths  he  had 
preached,  —  April  18, 1850.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  the  Rev.  Daniel  Lancaster  of  Gilmanton,  and  was  pub- 
lished. 

"  Dr.  Cogswell  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society,  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  313 

the  New  England  Historic  and  Genealogical  Society.  He 
was  also  an  Honorary  Member  of  the  Historical  Societies  of 
New  .Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Georgia,  and  a  Corresponding 
Member  of  the  National  Institution  for  the  Promotion  of  Sci- 
ence at  Washington. 

"  The  following  is  a  list  of  Dr.  Cogswell's  publications  •' 
'  A  Sermon  on  the  Nature  and  Extent  of  the  Atonement,' 
1816.  '  A  Sermon  containing  the  History  of  the  South 
Parish,  Dedham,'  1816.  4  A  Sermon  on  the  Suppression  of 
Intemperance,'  1818.  'A  Catechism  on  the  Doctrines  and 
Duties  of  Religion,'  1818.  'A  Sermon  on  the  Nature  and 
Evidences  of  the  Inspiration  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures,'  1819. 
4  A  Sermon  before  the  Auxiliary  Education  Society  of  Norfolk 
County,'  1826.  '  Assistant  to  Family  Religion,'  1826.  *  A 
Sermon  on  Religious  Liberty,'  1828.  *  A  Valedictory  Dis- 
course to  the  South  Parish,  Dedham,'  1829.  '  Theological 
Class  Book,'  1831.  '  Harbinger  of  the  Millennium,'  1833. 
*  Letters  to  Young  Men  Preparing  for  the  Ministry,'  1837. 
In  addition  to  the  above,  Dr.  Cogswell  wrote  the  '  Reports  of 
the  American  Education  Society  '  for  eight  years — from  1833 
to  1840  ;  and  two  '  Reports  of  the  Northern  Academy.'  He 
was  the  principal  editor  of  the  *  American  Quarterly  Regis- 
ter '  for  several  years  ;  was  editor  also  of  the  ;  New  Hamp- 
shire Repository,'  published  at  Gilmanton,  N.  H. ;  of  the  first 
volume  of  the  '  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical 
Register ; '  of  a  paper  in  Georgetown,  Mass.,  called  the  'Mas- 
sachusetts Observer,'  for  a  short  time ;  and  of  the  sixth  vol- 
ume of  the  ;  New  Hampshire  Historical  Collections.' 

"  Dr.  Cogswell  was  married  on  the  llth  of  November, 
1818,  to  Joanna,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Strong,  D. 
D.,  of  Randolph,  Mass.  They  had  three  children,  —  one  son 
and  two  daughters. 

FROM  THE  KEV.  SAMUEL  G.  BROWN,  D.  D., 

PROFESSOR  IN  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

"HANOVER,  April  10,  1856. 

"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  I  had  the  pleasure  of  considerable  ac- 
quaintance with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cogswell,  though  only  during 


314  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

the  later  years  of  his  life.  He  was  not  then  accustomed  to 
preach,  except  occasionally  to  supply  a  vacant  pulpit,  or  as  a 
part  of  his  duty  as  secretary  of  the  Education  Society,  or  in 
connection  with  his  professorship  in  Dartmouth  College,  or 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gilmanton.  He  had  formed  his 
style  on  the  model  of  the  older  preachers  and  theologians,  and 
if  he  had  something  of  their  formality,  he  had  much  of  their 
Scriptural  simplicity  of  statement  and  devoutness  of  feeling. 
His  sermons,  so  far  as  I  remember  them,  though  showing  a 
careful  adherence  to  the  doctrinal  opinions  of  the  fathers  of 
New  England,  were  not  of  a  polemic  character,  but  were 
marked  by  good  sense,  earnestness,  a  Biblical  mode  of  address, 
and  warm  Christian  sympathies. 

"From  natural  kindness  of  heart,  he  avoided  unnecessary 
controversy,  and  was  especially  solicitous  to  harmonize  and 
unite  by  charity,  rather  than  by  actiteness  to  discriminate  dif- 
ferences among  brethren,  or  to  separate  them  by  severity  of 
judgment.  Not  ambitious,  he  was  yet  gratified  by  the  appro- 
bation and  good  opinion  of  others,  and  loved  a  position  where 
he  might  be  prominent  in  labors  of  charity.  Neglect  or  con- 
tumely wounded  but  did  not  embitter  him.  No  feeling  of 
ill-nature  was  suffered  to  disturb  his  peace  or  check  his  liber- 
ality. 

"  Among  the  prominent  traits  of  his  character  was  a  sin- 
cere and  unwearied  benevolence.  He  was  interested  in  young 
men,  and  his  labors  as  secretary  of  the  American  Education 
Society  were  stimulated  even  more  by  love  of  the  work  than 
by  a  sense  of  official  responsibility.  He  was  thoroughly  de- 
voted to  the  objects  which  interested  him,  and  though  one 
might  differ  from  him  in  judgment  with  respect  to  measures, 
none  doubted  his  sincerity  or  refused  him  the  praise  of  un- 
sparing fidelity. 

"  His  tastes  led  him  to  antiquarian  pursuits,  and  he  was 
prominent  in  founding  and  conducting  several  learned  socie- 
ties which  have  done  much  to  rescue  valuable  knowledge  from 
oblivion,  and  thus  to  secure  the  materials  for  future  history. 

"  He  bore  adversity  with  meekness  and  patience.  What 
might  have  crushed  a  harder  spirit,  but  gave  his  greater  sym- 
metry. The  latter  years  of  his  life,  though  darkened  with 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  315 

many  disappointments,  were  illustrated  by  the  exhibition  of 
admirable  and  noble  traits  of  character,  such  as  few,  except 
his  most  intimate  friends,  supposed  him  so  fully  to  possess. 
The  death  of  an  only  and  very  promising  son  while  in  college, 
and  the  failure  of  some  favorite  plans,  seemed  only  to  develop 
a  touching  and  beautiful  Christian  resignation  and  a  high 
magnanimity.  Not  a  murmur  was  heard  from  his  lips  under 
his  irreparable  loss,  nor  an  unkind  or  reproachful  word  at  the 
disappointment  of  his  expectations ;  nor  did  an  unsubmissive 
or  harsh  thought  seem  to  find  a  place  in  his  heart.  Those 
especially  who  witnessed  his  last  sickness  were  deeply  im- 
.pressed  with  the  Christian  virtues  and  graces  which  found  a 
free  expression  in  the  hour  of  trial. 

"  Dr.  Cogswell  was  portly  in  appearance,  grave  and  digni- 
fied in  his  bearing,  and  eminently  courteous  in  manner.  He 
will  be  remembered  with  kindness  by  all  who  knew  him,  and 
by  many  with  a  feeling  of  strong  gratitude  and  affection. 

"  With  great  regard,  your  obliged  friend  and  servant, 

"  S.  G.  BROWN." 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

PROF.  JOHN  NEWTON  PUTNAM.  —  PROF.  JOHN  S.  WOODMAN. 
PROF.  CLEMENT  LONG.  — OTHER  TEACHERS. 

THE  following  notice  of  the  eminent  scholar  who  succeeded 
Professor  Crosby  in  the  chair  of  Greek,  is  from  a  Commemo- 
rative "  Discourse  "  by  Professor  Brown. 

JOHN  NEWTON  PUTNAM  was  the  son  of  Simeon  and  Abi- 
gail Brigham  (Fay)  Putnam,  and  was  born  December  26, 
1822,  in  what  was  then  the  north  parish  of  the  beautiful 
town  of  Andover,  Massachusetts.  His  father,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  the  Class  of  1811,  was  for  many  years-  teacher 
of  a  classical  school  of  high  character  in  North  Andover,  in 
which  the  son  received  his  elementary  training  and  discipline. 
His  mother  was  a  lady  of  exquisite  refinement. and  beauty  of 
character,  of  great  gentleness  and  tender  grace.  Soon  after 
the  death  of  his  father,  in  1833,  he  entered  Phillips  Academy 
in  Andover,  then  under  the  charge  of  that  excellent  scholar, 
Mr.  Osgood  Johnson,  where  he  successfully  completed  the 
usual  course  of  study  preparatory  to  entering  college. 

Being  still  quite  young,  and  already  showing  uncommon 
aptitude  for  study,  he  went  with  his  instructor  and  friend, 
Rev.  Thatcher  Thayer,  to  the  town  of  Dennis,  upon  Cape 
Cod,  where  he  spent  four  years  in  quiet  and  delightful  appli- 
cation. 

Dr.  Thayer  says  of  his  classical  studies : 

"  He  recited  each  day,  in  review,  the  whole  of  the  past  les- 
son from  memory,  without  book,  first  the  Latin  or  Greek  and 
then  the  English.  At  each  lesson  questions  were  asked  which, 
if  he  could  not  answer,  he  was  required  to  answer  at  the  next 
recitation,  from  various  helps  furnished  him.  This  often  led 
to  long  and  varied  investigations.  He  wrote  as  much  as  he 
read,  —  perhaps  more. 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  317 

"If  those  studying  with  him  might  smile  a  little  at  his 
want  of  athletic  zeal  and  vigor,  there  was  no  room  for  smiling 
when  it  came  to  Greek,  or  indeed  any  mental  exercise.  Be- 
sides, his  wit,  though  gentle,  could  gleam,  and  then  they  all 
respected  him  for  his  character,  and  loved  him  for  his  win- 
ning spirit." 

In  the  autumn  of  1840,  he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of 
this  college,  ready  to  make  full  use  of  the  ample  opportuni- 
ties granted  him.  With  what  modesty  and  beauty  he  bore 
himself  here,  with  what  fidelity  in  every  relation,  with  what 
admirable  scholarship,  with  what  generous  aims,  with  what 
simplicity  and  purity  of  motive,  with  what  love  of  learning, 
and  desire  not  merely  of  meeting  the  claims  of  the  recitation- 
room,  but  of  perfecting  himself  in  every  branch  of  liberal  cul- 
ture, how  constantly  this  noble  desire  possessed  him  from  his 
first  day  among  us  down  to  the  closing  hour  when  he  dis- 
coursed so  fitly  and  with  such  maturity  on  "  Poetry  —  an 
instinctive  philosophy,"  those  know  best  who  were  most  fa- 
miliar with  his  college  life.  One  testimony  to  this  is  so  full 
and  generous,  and  of  such  weighty  authority,  that  I  cannot 
forbear  to  give  it.  It  is  from  the  accomplished  scholar  who 
filled  the  chair  of  Greek  for  many  years  before  Professor 
Putnam.1 

"  I  could  not  hope,"  he  says,  "  to  express,  by  any  words  at 
my  command,  the  peculiar  charm  which  Professor  Putnam's 
scholarship  and  character  had  for  me.  I  never  heard  him 
recite  without  being  impressed  with  the  wonderful  perfection 
of  his  scholarship.  His  translation  was  so  faultlessly  accurate, 
and  yet  in  such  exquisite  taste,  his  analysis  and  parsing  were 
so  philosophical  and  minutely  exact,  and  his  information  upon 
illustrative  points  of  history,  biography,  antiquities,  and  lit- 
erature, was  so  full  and  ready,  that  I  listened  with  admira- 
tion, and  to  become  myself  a  learner.  How  often  I  had  the 
feeling  that  we  ought  to  change  places !  and  when  I  had  de- 
cided to  resign  my  situation  in  the  college,  my  mind  imme- 
diately turned  to  him  as  a  successor,  assured  that  the  college 
would  be  most  fortunate  if  it  could  secure  his  services."  It 
need  not  be  said  how  fully  Professor  Putnam  reciprocated 

1  Professor  Alpheus  Crosby. 


318  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

this  esteem,  nor  what  value  he  attached  to  the  exact  and 
thorough  discipline  of  his  instructor. 

Nor  was  it  in  the  department  of  languages  alone  that  he 
was  distinguished,  but  almost  equally  in  every  other,  as  much 
in  those  studies  which  demand  the  independent  and  original 
action  of  the  mind  as  those  which  mainly  require  close  atten- 
tion, and  the  faculty  of  acquisition.  His  modesty  was  then, 
as  always,  so  marked,  and  his  ideal  of  excellence  so  high,  that 
it  required  some  sense  of  duty  to  bring  his  powers  to  a  public 
test.  He  never  thrust  himself  into  a  place  of  responsibility, 
or  sought  distinction  for  distinction's  sake. 

He  had  in  college  the  desire  and  purpose  which  he  always 
retained,  —  to  complete  himself  in  every  art  and  every  manly 
exercise.  Hence  his  study  of  music,  not  only  as  a  recreation, 
but  as  a  discipline ;  not  merely  to  gratify  the  ear,  though  ex- 
quisitely fond  of  the  art,  and  receiving  from  it  a  refined  and 
exalted  pleasure,  but  also  that  he  might  become  acquainted 
with  the  thoughts  and  conceptions  of  men  great  in  musical 
genius.  The  Handel  Society,  which,  from  the  constant 
changes  of  its  members,  must  necessarily  fluctuate,  —  the  an- 
nual losses  not  always  being  met  by  corresponding  gains,  - 
was  then  in  a  high  state  of  efficiency.  For  the  sake  of  study 
and  musical  acquisition,  it  boldly  grappled  with  the  difficult 
works  of  eminent  masters,  and  with  whatever  necessary  im- 
perfectness  of  actual  performance,  it  was  with  sure  and  last- 
ing results  of  musical  ability  and  taste  and  knowledge.  It 
was  in  this  society,  I  suppose,  that  Professor  Putnam  first  be- 
came practically  acquainted  with  some  of  the  great  works  of 
Handel  and  Haydn,  Beethoven  and  Mozart,  and  with  the 
lighter  but  yet  substantial  excellencies  of  some  of  the  English 
masters.  Here  he  cultivated  and  disciplined  his  nice  ear  to 
the  instinctive  perception  of  the  hidden  harmonies  of  poetry, 
to  the  feeling  of  those  finer  beauties  which  hardly  admit  of 
expression  in  anything  so  clumsy  as  our  actual  speech. 

The  desire  for  physical  accomplishment  led  him  to  join  a 
military  company  then  existing  in  college,  although  he  had 
no  love  for  such  things,  but  rather  a  native  repugnance  to 
them,  and  there  was  then  no  special  demand  for  the  disci- 
pline. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  319 

The  six  years  following  his  graduation  were  divided  be- 
tween instruction  in  Leicester,  Massachusetts,  and  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  and  pursuing  his  professional  •  studies  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Andover.  During  this  time  he  re- 
viewed and  consolidated  his  knowledge.  He  brought  himself 
into  nearer  contact  with  practical  and  common  life.  He  en- 
larged his  sphere  of  observation  and  the  circle  of  his  studies, 
and  was  looking  forward  with  great  satisfaction  to  the  actual 
performance  of  the  duties  of  his  profession,  when  he  was  in- 
vited to  the  chair  of  Greek  in  this  college.  It  was  a  posi- 
tion entirely  suited  to  his  tastes,  his  capacities,  his  studies. 
He  brought  to  it  not  only  ample  learning  and  tastes  delicate 
and  cultivated,  but  the  enlarged  and  generous  spirit  of  a  true 
scholar,  and  the  aptness  of  an  accomplished  instructor.  His 
ideal  of  attainment  and  of  duty  was  very  high,  and  he  aimed 
at  once  to  fit  himself,  by  the  most  generous  courses  of  study, 
to  illustrate  the  more  perfectly  to  his  classes  the  poetry,  the 
eloquence,  the  philosophy,  of  the  wisest  and  most  refined  peo- 
ple of  the  whole  ancient  world. 

It  was  with  no  narrow  or  exclusive  spirit,  nor  with  a 
merely  technical  purpose,  that  Professor  Putnam  pursued  his 
studies,  or  directed  those  of  others.  Every  true  book  was  a 
nucleus  around  which  all  thought  and  knowledge  of  similar 
kind  were  grouped,  —  a  central  point  from  which  his  mind 
radiated  in  all  directions  within  the  sphere  of  the  subject. 
Could  he  read  Plato  and  Aristotle  without  studying  the 
course  of  ancient  philosophy  and  its  influence  on  the  modern  ? 
or  Demosthenes,  without  an  investigation  of  the  virtues  and 
failings  of  Athenian  statesmen  ?  or  Thucydides,  without  med- 
itation on  the  causes  of  the  desolation  of  empires  and  states  ? 
or  Homer  and  Sophocles,  without  a  quick  comparison  with 
Dante  and  Milton  and  Shakespeare  ?  It  was  indeed  a  char- 
acteristic of  Professor  Putnam,  and  one  cause  why  his  knowl- 
edge was  becoming,  had  indeed  become,  at  once  so  ample  and 
so  serviceable,  that  it  was  not  an  accumulation  of  facts  discon- 
nected or  bound  together  by  mere  accidental  associations,  but 
an  organic  growth,  every  fibre  of  the  most  distant  branch  trac- 
ing itself  back  to  the  one  trunk,  and  the  sap  from  the  living 
root  feeding  and  nourishing  the  whole. 


320  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

In  his  special  profession,  Professor  Putnam  would  be  al- 
lowed to  hold  rank  among  the  very  best.  The  most  kind 
and  winning  of  teachers,  he  was  the  most  exacting  and  stim- 
ulating. By  questions  sharp,  pertinent,  and  various,  thor- 
oughly testing  the  knowledge  of  the  student,  he  at  once 
made  him  feel  his  deficiencies,  and  inspired  him  to  supply 
them.  Even  the  dull  and  careless  felt  the  singular  fascination 
of  his  look  and  tone,  caught  something  of  the  life  of  his  spirit, 
and  were  gradually  lifted  above  themselves.  Gentle,  affa- 
ble, ready  to  communicate,  dignified,  thorough,  patient,  and 
learned,  never  harsh,  never  repulsive,  he  was  earnest  to  meet 
every  want  of  the  student.  His  whole  course  was  marked  by 
unwearied  fidelity. 

To  instruct  was  an  occupation  and  a  duty,  to  which  he 
made  everything  else  yield.  He  was  thoroughly  desirous  to 
help  those  who  came  under  his  care,  so  revealing  to  them 
their  own  deficiencies,  and  so  placing  before  them  the  meth- 
ods and  results  of  a  better  scholarship,  as  to  incite  them  to 
new  exertions,  and  aid  them  to  independent  and  vigorous 
activity.  No  one,  unless  very  groveling  and  earthy,  could  be 
long  under  his  training,  without  insensibly  catching  some- 
thing of  the  finer  spirit  of  a  beautiful  discipline.  His  own 
philosophic  thought  imparted  its  movement  to  their  minds, 
and  many  are  they  who  have  gone  from  these  halls,  within 
the  last  fourteen  years,  who  can  trace  back  to  him  some  of 
their  best  methods  of  study. 

Language  was,  in  his  view,  no  dead  product,  but  the  finer 
breath  and  effluence  of  the  national  life,  as  subtle,  as  many 
sided  in  its  aspects,  as  the  national  spirit  itself,  —  into  the 
knowledge  of  which  one  must  grow  by  slow  degrees,  bending 
his  pliant  mind  till  it  gradually  yields  to  the  new  channels  of 
thought  and  expression. 

"An  unfaithful  scholar,"  says  one  of  his  pupils,  "  was 
gently  yet  unmistakably  reminded  of  his  delinquency,  per- 
haps by  assistance  being  omitted  upon  a  point  which  he 
might  easily  have  ascertained  for  himself.  One  whom  he 
saw  struggling  to  learn  he  invariably  helped,  and  this  help 
was  given  so  kindly  that  many  a  one  would  try  to  make  a 
good  recitation  if  only  to  gratify  one  so  much  beloved.  The 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  321 

best  scholars  were  quickened  by  his  most  delicately  expressed 
appreciation  of  their  victories,  and  even  sluggish  souls  felt  an 
unwonted  light  and  warmth  stirring  in  them  when  they  came 
into  his  presence.  I  remember  well  our  last  recitation  in 
Greek.  It  was  from  Plato.  He  started  with  an  idea  of  the 
noble  philosopher,  Christianized  it,  and  gave  it  to  us  in  a  few 
simple,  sublime  words,  with  an  attitude  and  look  that  melted 
the  hearts  of  all. 

"  It  has  sometimes  occurred  to  me  that  he  could  not  seem 
constantly  to  others  as  he  did  to  me,  like  one  who  had  dropped 
from  a  higher  sphere,  to  remain  a  little  while  in  order  to 
draw  the  hearts  that  should  love  him  to  a  purer,  higher,  and 
better  life.  But  conversation  with  others  has  shown  me 
that  it  has  long  been  a  general  impression  that  he  moved  in  a 
realm  above  the  common  level  of  even  the  best  men." 

There  was  still  another  aspect  in  which  Professor  Putnam 
presented  himself,  which  should  not  be  passed  over  without  at 
least  an  allusion.  Having  completed  his  professional  studies, 
his  own  tastes  and  higher  aims,  no  less  than  the  wishes  of  his 
friends,  induced  him  occasionally  to  exercise  the  functions 
of  the  Christian  ministry.  Hence  he  sought  and  received 
ordination  according  to  the  usages  of  the  Congregational 
churches,  and  in  that  relation  stood  in  his  lot.  With  what 
earnestness  and  pureness  of  motive,  with  what  loftiness  of 
purpose  and  fidelity  in  his  high  calling,  and  acceptance  to 
those  who  heard  him,  I  need  not  try  to  express.  But  I  may 
say  that  it  was  not  for  want  of  solicitation  that  he  did  not 
exchange  his  professorship  for  places  of  considerable  public 
importance  in  the  other  calling.  It  was  his  duty,  a  belief  of 
his  fitness  for  his  post,  that  kept  him  from  some  inviting  fields 
of  labor  elsewhere. 

Having  referred  in  fitting  terms  to  his  call  to  the  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  to  the  closing  scenes  in  his  life,  and  to 
his  death  at  sea,  Professor  Brown  says  in  conclusion : 

"  Few  lives  were  more  perfect  than  his,  whose  youth  gave 
so  fair  a  promise,  whose  riper  years  so  fully  redeemed  the 
pledge.  His  presence  shall  still  go  with  us  all,  to  excite  us  to 
new  fidelity,  to  enkindle  within  us  nobler  affections,  to  inspire 
us  with  holier  purposes." 

21 


322  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

His  classmate  Rev.  Dr.  Furber  says : 

"  The  ripe  and  rare  scholarship  of  my  beloved  classmate 
and  friend,  John  Newton  Putnam,  was  the  fruit  of  diligence 
and  the  love  of  study  in  one  whose  acquisitions  were  easily 
and  rapidly  made.  Mr.  Putnam  never  seemed  to  be  a  hard 
worker,  but  knowledge  was  continually  flowing  to  him  as  by 
a  process  of  absorption  from  his  early  childhood  until  he  be- 
came the  accomplished  and  brilliant  scholar  that  he  was  as 
professor  of  Greek.  His  books  were  his  constant  companions, 
their  society  was  his  pleasure  and  pastime,  he  preferred  it, 
even  in  his  boyhood,  to  the  sports  and  recreations  for  which 
most  boys  neglect  their  studies.  When  in  college  he  sat  up 
at  night  after  other  students  were  in  bed  to  pursue  the  study 
of  German  and  other  modern  languages  not  then  required  by 
the  college  course.  This  he  did  from  the  pure  love  of  these 
studies,  without  the  aid  of  a  teacher,  and  without  the  social 
stimulus  of  any  companionship  in  such  pursuits.  And  he 
probably  for  the  sake  of  study  neglected  needful  bodily  exer- 
cise every  year  of  his  life. 

"  In  the  study  of  languages  he  found  a  fascination.  The 
marvelous  Greek  tongue  was  of  course  the  richest  field  for 
him,  the  language  of  a  people  of  the  finest  and  subtlest  intel- 
lect, and  of  the  highest  culture  in  the  art  of  speech.  He 
seemed  at  home  in  that  wonderful  language  as  much  almost 
as  if  it  had  been  his  mother  tongue.  The  elegance  and  vivac- 
ity, the  felicity  and  energy  of  his  translations  from  Thu- 
cydides  or  Plato  showed  that  he  not  only  comprehended  his 
author  and  saw  the  subject  as  he  saw  it,  but  that  he  had 
fairly  caught  the  glow  of  the  author's  mind  from  the  page 
which  he  had  written. 

"  So  accomplished  a  student  of  language  could  not  have  been 
ignorant  of  his  rank  among  his  fellow  students  ;  but  in  all  my 
intimacy  with  him,  boarding  at  the  same  table,  occupying  for 
a  few  months  the  same  room,  and  spending  with  him  more  or 
less  time  every  day  either  in  social  intercourse  or  in  the  en- 
joyment of  vocal  or  instrumental  music,  I  never  knew  him  to 
betray,  by  word  or  act  or  look,  a  consciousness  of  his  superi- 
ority to  the  poorest  scholar  in  the  class. 

"  Oblivious  as  he  was,  apparently,  of   the  deficiencies  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  323 

others,  he  was  quick  enough  to  perceive  their  merits.  A  fine 
recitation  or  an  eminently  creditable  performance  of  any  col- 
lege exercise,  no  matter  by  whom,  gave  him  positive  enjoy- 
ment, which  in  his  nervous  and  emphatic  way  he  was  very  apt 
to  express.  It  is  really  not  too  much  to  say  that  he  appeared 
to  enjoy  the  successes  of  others  as  much  as  though  they  had 
been  his  own. 

u  What  a  help  to  any  college  class  is  the  influence  of  one 
such  man  !  His  connection  with  the  class  of  1843,  was,  no 
doubt,  the  presentation  to  some  of  its  members  of  an  ideal 
such  as  they  had  not  formed  before  ;  an  ideal,  not  only  of 
enthusiasm  for  the  largest  acquisitions  and  the  finest  culture, 
but  of  that  enthusiasm  sustained  by  the  love  of  excellence 
for  its  own  sake,  and  not  alloyed  by  any  merely  selfish  am- 
bition to  surpass  others. 

'*  A  spirit  of  scholarship  so  high,  so  broad,  so  generous  as 
this  could  be  no  mark  for  envy.  None  of  us  grudged  our  class- 
mate his  position  or  his  honors.  He  was  the  beloved  associ- 
ate, and  is  now  the  warmly  remembered  friend  of  some  of  us, 
and  no  doubt  many  of  us  were  more  indebted  to  his  example 
than  we  were  aware  of  at  the  time  for  anything  that  was  well 
and  worthily  done  by  us  in  our  college  days. 

"  I  ought  not  to  close  this  notice  without  speaking  of  Mr. 
Putnam's  love  of  music.  Music  was  born  in  him  as  much  as 
Greek  was,  and  he  learned  one  as  rapidly  as  he  did  the  other. 
When  in  college  he  was  a  valuable  member  of  the  Handel 
Society,  his  influence  being  always  in  favor  of  the  introduction 
for  practice  of  the  standard  and  classic  authors.  Haydn's 
'  Creation  '  and  other  works  of  that  great  composer  were  an 
unfailing  source  of  delight  to  him.  Their  naturalness  and 
spontaneity,  their  brightness  and  cheerfulness,  their  artistic 
finish  and  exquisite  grace,  met  precisely  the  corresponding 
qualities  in  his  own  mind.  As  we  often  choose  those  authors 
who  are  most  unlike  ourselves,  so  he  knew  how  to  enjoy  the 
rugged  grandeur  of  less  polished  writers.  He  could  listen  to 
a  mountain  chain  of  choruses  in  '  Israel  in  Egypt,'  or  to  a 
dark  and  mazy  labyrinth  of  mingled  harmony  and  discord  in 
Beethoven,  and  wherever  he  saw  the  perfection  of  art  or  the 
power  of  genius,  his  soul  was  like  a  harp  of  a  thousand  strings 


324  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

every  one  of  which  was  alive  with  vibration.  I  well  remem- 
ber with  what  elevation  of  feeling  and  intensity  of  utterance 
he  used  in  the  Handel  Society  to  sing  '  The  Hallelujah 
Chorus/  and  the  concluding  chorus  of  the  Messiah,  '  Worthy 
is  the  Lamb  that  was  slain.'  His  deeply  religious  sympathies 
were  touched  by  the  sentiment  of  these  great  choruses,  and  on 
this  account  his  enjoyment  of  them  was  more  profound  than 
his  enjoyment  even  of  the  finished  models  of  Haydn.  He 
knew  and  felt  that  he  was  on  a  grander  theme,  and  that  Re- 
demption was  greater  than  Creation.  And  it  is  pleasant  to 
think  of  him  now  as  saying  with  a  deeper  meaning  and  a 
more  rapturous  devotion  than  he  knew  on  earth,  and  may 
we  add,  a  more  thrilling  musical  delight,  '  Worthy  is  the 
Lamb.'  " 

We  append  some  of  the  closing  lines  of  the  venerable  Dr. 
Thayer's  most  touching  and  eloquent  tribute  to  the  character 
of  his  beloved  and  honored  pupil :  "  He  did  in  quality,  more 
than  in  quantity,  beyond  any  I  ever  had  to  do  with.  He  was 
under  more  stimulus  than  mere  quiet  pleasure  in  study.  He 
had  a  most  delicate  sense  of  beauty  to  be  gratified,  a  fine 
power  of  discrimination  which  sought  objects  for  its  exercise. 
Then  his  love  for  his  mother  was  a  very  powerful  motive ; 
then  too  I  think  he  thought  of  gratifying  and  honoring  his 
teacher,  who  loved  him  and  tried  to  make  him  a  scholar.  But 
better,  he  loved  his  Saviour  and  increasingly  studied  with  hum- 
ble loyalty  to  him.  Still  we  must  not  put  Putnam  in  a  wrong 
place.  He  was  preeminently  made  for  a  classical  scholar.'' 

Rev.  Dr.  Leeds  adds : 

"  I  became  acquainted  with  Professor  Putnam  in  the  winter 
of  1860-61,  and  was  on  intimate  terms  with  him  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  more  than  two  years  later 

"  Of  his  scholarship,  others  can  speak  more  fitly  than  I.  All 
remarked  that  he  was  pervaded  by  that  which  is  beautiful  in 
the  wonderful  language  and  literature  he  taught,  as  ever  a 
vase  by  the  perfume  of  its  flowers. 

"  But  it  is  his  character  on  which  I  love  to  dwell.  Ever  after 
I  had  become  well  acquainted  with  him,  he  was  a  delightful 
illustration  to  me  of  the  power  of  love  to  foster  diverse  and 
even  opposite  elements  of  character.  He  had  feminine  traits, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  325 

and  yet  he  was  thoroughly  manly  ;  the  gentleness  and  tender- 
ness of  a  true  woman  were  his,  and  so  were  the  dignity  and 
courage  of  a  true  man.  He  could  speak,  and  was  wont  to 
speak,  and  preferred  to  speak  words  of  kindness  the  most 
winning ;  but  he  could  administer  a  rebuke  longer  to  be  re- 
membered than  most  men's ;  though  more,  perhaps,  because  it 
came  from  him  than  for  any  other  reason.  The  union  in  him 
of  fastidious  taste  and  of  uncritical  temper  was  very  marked. 
No  man  was  more  sensitive  than  he  to  all  the  proprieties  of 
the  occasion ;  and  one  might  at  first  fear  lest  himself  should 
say  or  do  what  would  jar  upon  that  delicately  attuned  spirit, 
for  whatever  he  said  or  did  was  perfect  in  its  manner.  And 
yet  no  one  —  no  one  —  would  listen  with  more  simple  enjoy- 
ment to  the  plainest,  crudest  utterances  of  others.  He  had  not 
one  word  of  criticism  to  offer.  He  seemed  to  see  —  I  am  con- 
fident he  did  see —  only  what  was  good*  and  attractive  in  them. 
But  one  thing  could  offend  him,  that  which  indicated  a  want 
of  sympathy. 

44  More  than  any  man  I  ever  knew,  he  saw  the  good  in 
every  person,  and  the  bright  in  everything.  It  was  wonder- 
ful, it  was  delightful,  it  rebuked  one,  and  it  quickened  one,  to 
note  the  manifestations  of  this  temper.  Nothing,  seemingly, 
could  occur  that  did  not  present  some  occasion  for  gratitude. 
After  the  fearful  disaster  which  hurried  his  life  to  its  close, 
his  message  home  was  —  how  characteristic  of  him  all  who 
knew  him  will  at  once  recognize,  — 4  Tell  them  to  thank  God 
for  our  deliverance  ! ' 

44 1  must  not  say  much  more.  His  friends  need  no  reminders 
of  his  innocent,  sunny  playfulness,  or  his  abounding,  spark- 
ling —  but  never  trenchant  —  wit.  As  one  of  them  has  said 
of  another,  *  What  bright,  graceful  conceits  often  fell  from 
his  lips,  his  soft,  dark  eye  smiling  at  his  own  unexpected 
thought ! '  And  yet,  such  was  his  gracious  nature  that  he  was 
the  delight  of  the  house  of  prayer  as  much  as  of  the  friendly 
circle,  the  one  who  would  be  chosen  alike  to  share  our  hours 
of  gayety,  and  to  extend  to  us  the  sacramental  cup.  In  fine, 
his  qualities  were  refined,  blended,  and  crowned  by  love  —  love 
which  often  suggested  to  others  the  name  of  St.  John. 

44  No  notice  of  him  would  be  adequate  that  did  not  at  least 


326  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

refer  to  his  wife,  —  fitting  companion  to  such  a  man.  A 
daughter  of  Prof.  William  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Chamberlain,  she 
inherited  both  the  attractive  and  the  sterling  traits  of  her 
parents.  4  Lovely  and  pleasant  in  their  lives,  in  their  death 
they  were  not  divided.' ' 

Esthetic  and  solid  culture  have  very  rarely  had  a  more 
nearly  perfect  union  in  any  American  scholar  than  in  Professor 
Putnam.  Whether  in  the  privacy  of  his  home,  in  the  recita- 
tion room,  or  before  a  large  audience,  his  words  were  always 
chosen  with  a  marked  regard  for  fitness  and  beauty.  His 
knowledge  of  the  minutest  points  of  every  theme  which  he 
discussed  was  so  exhaustive  and  complete  that  any  attempt  to 
improve  would  have'  been  almost  like  carrying  light  to  the  sun. 

The  graces  of  his  heart  corresponded  with  those  of  his  per- 
son and  mind.  His  earnest  piety  was  marked  and  felt  by  all 
who  came  within  the  sphere  of  his  influence.  Few  Christian 
teachers  have  passed  away,  at  the  age  of  forty,  more  highly 
esteemed  than  Professor  Putnam.  He  died  on  the  return 
voyage  from  Europe,  near  Halifax,  October  22,  1863. 

In  1851,  the  chair  of  Mathematics  was  rendered  vacant  by 
the  death  of  Professor  Chase,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  JOHN 
SMITH  WOODMAN,  a  member  of  the  Rockingham  County  Bar. 
He  was  the  son  of  Nathan  and  Abigail  H.  (Chesley)  Wood- 
man, and  was  born  at  Durham,  N.  H.,  September  6,  1819. 

Extended  experience  as  a  teacher  in  the  South,  and  for- 
eign travel,  had  given  valuable  expansion  to  Professor  Wood- 
man's naturally  capacious  mind.  He  was  a  careful,  patient, 
laborious  teacher  of  the  Mathematics.  He  did  not  exact  ex- 
cellence from  every  student,  for  he  fully  realized  that  a  lack 
of  native  fondness  for  the  studies  of  this  department  rendered 
it  impossible  for  some  to  appear  in  the  recitation-room,  with 
as  full  preparation  as  others.  But  he  strove  to  have  each  do 
the  best  in  his  power,  and  his  kindness  induced  many  to  put 
forth  earnest  effort,  who  would  have  been  less  inclined  to  do 
so  under  a  different  teacher. 

One  well  qualified  to  appreciate  him  says : 

"  As  an  instructor  in  Mathematics,  a  field  proverbially  diffi- 
cult, Professor  Woodman  had  but  few  equals.  Such  was  his 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  327 

superiority  when  a  student  in  this  department,  that  there 
was  little  difficulty  in  choosing  a  successor  to  the  post  made 
vacant  by  the  sudden  and  untimely  death  of  Professor  Chase. 
The  action  of  the  Trustees  was  most  completely  justified  by 
the  ease  and  thoroughness  with  which  Professor  Woodman 
took  up  and  carried  forward  the  work  of  his  honored  and 
lamented  predecessor. 

"  In  the  class-room,  however  subtle  or  complicated  the  sub- 
ject, or  however  dull  the  student  lucklessly  '  called  up/  his 
demeanor  was  always  evenly  calm,  without  a  shade  of  im- 
patience ;  he  carried  a  firm,  steady  hand,  master  alike  of  him- 
self and  the  subject  in  hand. 

"  Under  his  direction  the  field  of  Mathematics  was  not  left 
to  mere  theoretical  cultivation.  At  an  early  date,  the  first 
class  under  his  care  was  marshaled  in  squads  under  self- 
chosen  captains  who  were  first  trained  by  the  professor  in 
practical  handling  of  compass,  theodolite,  and  sextant ;  and 
then  each  led  his  division  to  out-door  work,  taking  the  various 
instruments  in  turn.  He  was  also  able  to  invest  even  Analyt- 
ical Geometry  and  Integral  Calculus  with  charms  for  some  of 
the  class.  One  student  came  from  a  private  interview  in  a 
high  state  of  enthusiasm  over  the  eloquent  suggestiveness  of 
formulae  in  the  vocabulary  of  Calculus. 

"  Written  examinations,  now  so  common,  were  among  the 
methods  introduced  into  his  department  by  Professor  Wood- 
man, and  that  class  still  remembers  the  spectacles  quietly  ad- 
justed, that  his  near-sightedness  might  not  encourage  an  illicit 
use  of  -j-  and  — ,  and  the  rigid  silence  which  shut  them  up  to 
the  simple  problems  written  upon  the  blackboard,  notwith- 
standing adroit  questions,  ostensibly  innocent  and  necessary. 

"  In  the  Chandler  Scientific  School,  to  which  Professor 
Woodman  was  afterwards  assigned,  he  was  specially  qualified 
to  do  good  work,  because  of  his  thorough  mastery  of  Mathe- 
matics by  perceptions  almost  intuitive.  Thoroughly  at  home 
in  its  principles,  loving  them,  and  honestly  loving  his  pupils, 
he  could  luminously  and  patiently  teach  the  application  of 
those  principles  in  practice,  however  minute  and  detailed. 

"  Mention  of  Professor  Woodman  as  an  instructor  would  be 
incomplete,  were  there  no  allusion  to  the  force  and  influence 


328  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

of  his  character  as  a  man,  transparently  honest,  and  grandly 
true.  He  taught  well  from  text-books,  but  his  life,  so  un- 
affectedly simple  and  just,  gave  better,  deeper,  and  more 
lasting  instruction." 

An  associate  in  the  Faculty  says : 

*'  Professor  Woodman  becoming  somewhat  weary  of  the 
continuous  and  laborious  drill  of  young  men  in  a  department 
not  generally  appreciated,  and  feeling  a  renewed  desire  to  re- 
turn to  the  practice  of  law,  resigned  his  professorship,  and 
removed  to  Boston  for  that  purpose.  After  a  year's  expe- 
rience of  the  practice,  or  desire  of  practice,  of  law,  the  pro- 
fessor was  ready  to  return  to  his  field  of  labor  in  the  college. 
His  former  department  was  no  longer  open,  the  place  having 
been  filled,  on  his  resignation,  by  the  appointment  of  Professor 
Patterson.  He  was,  therefore,  appointed  Professor  of  Civil 
Engineering  in  the  Chandler  Scientific  School.  On  entering 
upon  his  duties,  he  was  made  the  chief  executive  officer,  under 
the  president,  of  the  department,  and  continued  to  hold  that 
relation  to  the  school  till  his  death.  Professor  Woodman 
proved  himself  a  thorough,  able,  and  zealous  teacher  in  his 
new  chair,  and  by  degrees  became  deeply  interested  in  the 
Scientific  Department,  and  devoted  his  time  and  energies  to 
building  it  up  and  making  it  a  success.  He  early  became 
sensible  of  the  importance  of  the  free-hand  drawing,  and 
gave  it  a  prominent  place  in  the  curriculum  of  the  School, 
which  it  has  continued  to  hold.  The  depth  of  Professor 
Woodman's  love  for  the  School,  and  the  strength  of  his  de- 
sire for  its  continued  prosperity,  were  made  manifest  in  his 
will  by  a  generous  donation  to  its  funds.  Those  who  grad- 
uated from  the  Chandler  Department  while  it  was  under  the 
administration  of  Professor  Woodman,  will  never  cease  to  love 
and  revere  his  memory." 

A  classmate,  distinguished  for  his  interest  in  general  educa- 
tion, says : 

"  Professor  Woodman  was  county  commissioner  of  schools, 
and  secretary  of  the  New  Hampshire  Board  of  Education, 
during  the  year  1850.  He  was  again  county  commissioner 
during  the  years  1852  and  1853.  In  1854  he  was  commis- 
sioner and  chairman  of  the  board  which  was  composed  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  329 

the  commissioners  of  the  several  counties.  In  the  opinion  of 
the  most  competent  judges,  Professor  Woodman  was  one  of 
the  wisest  and  most  efficient  state  school  officers  New  Hamp- 
shire has  ever  had.  He  was  admirably  qualified  for  the  work 
of  an  educator,  not  only  by  the  cast  of  his  methodical,  organiz- 
ing mind,  but  by  his  varied  experience  and  scholastic  attain- 
ments. He  was  eminently  practical  in  all  his  plans  for  the 
improvement  of  the  schools,  and  he  knew  well  how  to  adapt 
means  to  ends.  His  reports,  both  as  commissioner  and  secre- 
tary, were  of  a  high  order  of  excellence,  and  they  were  highly 
beneficial  in  promoting  the  cause  of  education  in  the  State." 

Professor  Woodman  married  Mary  Ann,  daughter  of  Ste- 
phen Perkins  Chesley,  of  Durham,  and  adopted  daughter  of 
Edward  Pendexter.  He  died  at  Durham,  N.  H.,  May  9, 
1871. 

In  1853,  PROFESSOR  CLEMENT  LONG,  who  was  the  son  of 
Samuel  and  Mary  (Clement)  Long,  and  was  born  at  Hop- 
kinton,  N.  H.,  December,  31,  1806,  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
Intellectual  Philosophy  which  had  been  vacated  by  the  resig- 
nation of  Professor  Haddock.  He  was  a  thorough  teacher. 
Being  himself  a  most  profound  thinker,  he  deemed  it  his  duty 
to  exact  a  thorough  knowledge  of  every  day's  lesson  by  the 
student.  If  he  had  not  made  himself  master  of  the  subject, 
by  learning  all  that  was  to  be  learned  from  the  text-book,  any 
attempt  to  supply  the  deficiency,  by  drawing  upon  his  own  re- 
sources, would  be  sure  to  be  followed  by  the  plainest  marks 
of  dissatisfaction  or  merited  rebuke  on  the  part  of  Professor 
Long.  Never  indulging  in  the  diffuse  pr  the  discursive  him- 
self, he  never  tolerated  such  a  course  on  the  part  of  the  stu- 
dent. A  mere  glance  at  the  man  was  sufficient  to  indicate 
the  richest  and  most  solid  type  of  mind.  Those  who  sat  under 
his  instruction,  and  were  capable  of  appreciating  it,  will  ever 
remember  his  efforts  in  their  behalf  with  the  liveliest  grat- 
itude. 

In  a  commemorative  "  Discourse,"  President  Lord  says  : 
44  He  was  graduated  at  this  college  in  1828,  a  classmate  and 
intimate  friend  of  the  late  and  lamented  Professor  Young, 
and  a  worthy  associate  of  the  many  honorable  men  by  whom 
the  class  of  that  year  has  been  distinguished. 


330  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  It  was  here,  in  a  time  of  unusual  religious  awakening 
among  the  students,  that  he  became  a  Christian,  and,  with 
several  of  his  classmates,  made  profession  of  his  faith,  —  a 
profession  ever  afterwards  honored  by  a  singular  devotedness 
to  his  Saviour.  That  he  was  a  regenerate  man,  and  true  to 
his  Christian  calling,  no  one  who  knew  him  ever  doubted. 
It  was  manifested  by  the  perhaps  best  of  all  evidences,  as 
construed  by  experienced  observers,  —  the  uniform  prevalence 
of  an  unworldly  and  super-worldly  spirit.  He  affected  noth- 
ing, he  pretended  nothing ;  but  whatever  he  said  or  did  signifi- 
cant of  religious  character  was  traceable,  and  traceable  only, 
to  a  believing  and  loving  mind.  If  any  thought  him  severely 
religious,  that  may  have  been  the  fault  of  his  critics  rather 
than  his  own. 

"  After  leaving  college,  he  was  for  three  years  a  preceptor, 
principally  at  Randolph,  Vt.  ;  then,  for  two  years,  a  theolog- 
ical student  at  Andover.  Before  completing  his  term  at  that 
institution,  he  was  called,  in  1833,  to  the  professorship  of  In- 
tellectual Philosophy  in  Western  Reserve  College,  at  Hudson, 
Ohio.  After  a  short  term  of  service  he  was  elected  to  the 
professorship  of  Theology,  in  the  same  institution,  and  re- 
ceived ordination  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  These  changes 
are  all  significant  of  early  and  distinguished  worth. 

"  In  1851  he  received  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  pro- 
fessor of  Theology  in  the  Seminary  at  Auburn,  N.  Y." 
His  classmate  Professor  Folsom  says : 

"  Professor  Long  was  like  a  precious  stone  kept  long  in  the 
lapidary's  hands  before  its  brilliancy  met  the  public  gaze.  I 
had  my  home  under  his  father's  roof,  and  sat  daily  at  table 
with  him,  during  my  Junior  year.  We  were  colleagues  after- 
wards, together  with  our  classmate  Jarvis  Gregg,  in  the  West- 
ern Reserve  College ;  and  they  both  were  members  of  my 
family  there.  We  had  been  Handelians  at  Dartmouth  (as  also 
Peabody),  and  almost  every  evening  we  sang  together,  at  our 
fireside,  from  Zeuner's  "  Harp."  How  precious  the  memory  of 
those  hours  !  How  often  has  the  uplifting  power  of  all  our  in- 
tercourse been  felt !  Professor  Long,  like  Professor  Young, 
joined  the  love  of  Mathematics  with  that  of  Metaphysics,  but 
the  bent  of  his  genius  was  strongly  in  the  direction  of  the 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  331 

latter,  and  not  least  in  theological  and  moral  science.  He 
had  the  enthusiastic  regard  both  of  the  Faculty  and  students 
of  the  Western  Reserve  College.  He  was  also  a  very  sug- 
gestive and  quickening  preacher,  often  at  my  request  taking 
my  place  in  the  pulpit  of  the  chapel.  His  great  modesty,  and 
not  easily  satisfied  ideal,  kept  him  from  publishing  much  in 
his  lifetime ;  but  I  have  wondered  that  some  of  his  writings 
did  not  find  their  way  into  print  after  his  death.  He  once 
told  me,  when  urging  him  to  this  step,  that  he  hoped,  in  the 
course  of  ten  years  or  so,  to  be  able  to  prepare  something 
which  the  ear  of  the  public  might  not  be  careless  to  hear. 
He  had  the  same  clear-cut  features  that  marked  Professor 
Peabody,  though  of  a  different  pattern,  —  the  latter  with  out- 
ward, the  former  with  inward,  gaze." 

"  In  1853,"  President  Lord  continues,  "  he  was  transferred 
to  the  position  which  he  held  in  this  college  till  his  death, 
leaving  the  honorable  office  which  he  had  so  lately  assumed, 
at  Auburn,  partly  out  of  his  great  love  for  his  Alma  Mater, 
and  partly,  to  minister  to  his  revered  parents  in  their  ad- 
vanced years. 

"  In  all  these  relations  the  qualities  which  I  have  suggested 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  acknowledged  excellence.  In  all 
the  departments  which  he  successively  occupied  he  was  re- 
garded as  among  the  most  learned,  able,  and  effective  teachers 
and  preachers  of  the  country.  He  was  competent  to  every 
service  required  of  him,  and  gave  to  every  position  dignity 
and  honor.  He  was  distinctively  Christian  in  them  all,  and 
made  them  subservient  to  no  school  or  party,  but  to  the 
gospel  through  which  he  had  been  saved. 

"  Wherein  Professor  Long  was  like  other  men,  he  was  above 
the  generality,  and,  though  he  aspired  not  to  lead,  was  fitted 
to  precede  them.  Wherein  he  was  unlike  them,  the  difference 
was  more  conspicuous.  His  peculiarities  were  striking,  and 
in  them  we  perceive  his  most  observable  traits,  whether  of  the 
intellect  or  the  heart. 

"  I  know  not  whether  it  were  most  of  nature,  or  habit,  that 
our  friend  was  so  distinguished  for  acuteness,  directness,  and 
singleness  of  the  mind,  —  a  mind  not  especially  intuitive  and 
rapid,  not  noticeably  free  in  its  conceptions,  wide  in  its 


332  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

survey,  or  comprehensive  in  its  generalizations,  moving  rather 
on  an  extended  line  than  an  enlarged  area,  but  subtle  and 
clear  as  light ;  sharp,  piercing  and  discriminating  as  electric- 
ity ;  pointed,  direct,  and  exact  as  the  magnet  ;  conclusive, 
positive,  and  decisive  as  the  bolt  of  heaven.  His  processes 
were  simple,  natural,  easy,  and  continuous,  not  stiffly  regu- 
lated by  scholastic  laws,  but  strictly  conformable,  and  his  re- 
sults inevitable.  Give  him  his  definitions  and  his  postulates 
which,  though  not  given,  he  would,  like  other  resolved  rea- 
soners  after  his  method,  sometimes  take,  at  his  own  risk,  and 
he  would  go  round  or  through  the  circle,  or  make  his  trav- 
erses in  darkness  and  storm,  and  never  lose  his  meridian,  or 
be  confused  in  his  reckoning  ;  and  he  would  come  back  pre- 
cisely to  his  starting-point  laden  with  success,  his  points  all 
proved.  It  was  well  said  of  him  by  a  curious  and  critical  ob- 
server of  scholars,  that,  as  a  logician,  he  was  not  exceeded  in 
the  country. 

"  Our  professor  had  made  large  attainments  in  the  science  to 
which  he  was  especially  devoted,  — the  Metaphysics.  He  read 
whatever  was  worth  the  reading,  of  which,  however,  he  chose 
to  be  an  independent  judge,  but  he  thought  more,  so  that  his 
attainments  were  emphatically  his  own.  He  was  not  like 
what  so  many  now  become  in  this  department  of  study,  —  a 
mere  follower,  imitator,  panegyrist,  —  but  a  searching  critic 
and  judicious  commentator.  He  had  a  higher  range  of  specu- 
lative inquiry  than  most  of  the  more  ambitious  men  who  have 
exceeded  him  in  popular  effect,  and  he  corrected  his  inquiries 
by  a  better  logic,  and  a  more  simple  faith.  But  I  have  some- 
times thought  him  too  much  of  a  recluse  for  his  greatest  prof- 
iting in  this  respect.  He  loved  best  the  retirement  of  his 
own  study,  and  was  rarely  seen  outside  of  it,  except  when 
required  by  his  official  duties.  He  abjured  the  artificial  forms 
and  fashions  of  social  life,  the  bustling  confusions  of  trade  and 
commerce,  and  the  whirl  and  finesse  of  political  agitations. 
He  never  would  stand  on  a  platform,  nor  be  seen  at  an  anni- 
versary, nor  harangue  a  popular  assembly.  He  was  happiest 
in  solitude  where,  undisturbed,  he  could  solve  the  abstruse 
problems  of  ethics,  or  be  a  delighted  critic  of  metaphysical 
theories,  or  seek  to  penetrate  the  mysteries  of  theology.  He 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  333 

was  consequently  in  danger  of  contemplating  his  subjects,  like 
so  many  others  of  his  time,  both  in  Church  and  State,  too 
much  in  their  refined  essence,  and  too  little  in  their  compre- 
hensive practical  relations;  rather  as  things,  in  his  judgment, 
ought  to  be,  than  as  they  are ;  too  much  in  the  light  of  a  ficti- 
tious principle,  and  too  little  in  that  of  experience,  history, 
and  analogy ;  rather  according  to  God's  original  constitution 
than  the  actual  necessities  of  a  fallen  state  ;  too  much  as  they 
may  be  in  the  ultimate  development  of  God's  moral  provi- 
dence, and  too  little  as  they  are  in  its  administrative  course. 
Hence,  but  for  the  greatest  care  which,  in  the  main,  he  exer- 
cised, he  would  have  been  likely  to  crowd  into  his  definitions 
and  postulates  more  than  they  naturally  admitted,  or  to  make 
them  less  than  they  naturally  required  ;  to  mistake,  for  the 
basis  of  his  fulcrum,  a  speculative  subtlety  instead  of  a  prac- 
tical reality ;  and,  consequently,  to  make  his  inexorable  logic 
draw  too  much,  or  to  little,  for  legitimate  practical  effect.  If, 
occasionally  tempted  by  the  excitement  of  our  present  types 
of  speculative  and  conjectural  science,  he  seemed  to  overstep 
the  limits  which  God  has  prescribed  to  us  in  our  present  pro- 
bationary state,  and  to  make  the  human  a  measure  of  the 
Divine,  it  was  done  not  presumptuously,  from  a  spirit  of  con- 
ceited and  ambitious  intermeddling  with  things  forbidden, 
but  unconsciously,  from  an  honest  desire  for  knowledge. 
When  he  perceived,  as  he  was  not  slow  to  perceive,  that 
many  of  the  objects  which  now  so  much  allure  the  learned 
men  of  the  world,  who  are  falsely  so  called,  were  not  real,  but 
ideal  and  conceptional  only,  not  actual  knowledge  verifiable 
by  a  day-light  test,  but  shadows  and  chimeras  chasing  one 
another  over  the  moonlit  sky,  then  he  retreated.  He  chose 
to  stop,  reverentially,  as  taught  by  Scripture,  when  he  must, 
rather  than  to  be  driven  back  by  the  cherubim  and  the  flam- 
ing sword.  Not  even  Kant,  or  Coleridge,  or  any  of  their  liv- 
ing imitators,  however  congenial  their  respective  tastes  for 
speculative  subtleties,  could  tempt  him  so  to  disregard  the 
boundary  between  reason  and  faith  as  to  lose  sight  of  Calvary, 
or  mistake  an  ignis  fatuus  for  the  Sun  of  Righteousness. 
His  college  experience,  and,  I  have  sometimes  thought  the 
genius  collegii,  with  a  father's  and  mother's  teachings  and 


334  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

prayers,  all  favored  by  the  Spirit  who  only  searcheth  the  deep 
things  of  God,  kept  him  near  and  true  to  the  everlasting 
Word. 

"  But  we  forgot  all  his  speculative  trials  and  temptations, 
we  forgot  almost  that  he  was  not  perfect  but  in  part,  when,  in 
his  sacred  character,  and  in  this  sacred  place,  he  laid  aside  his 
weapons  of  intellectual  warfare,  and,  with  his  peculiar  meek- 
ness of  wisdom,  simplicity  of  statement,  power  of  argument, 
and  cogency  of  appeal,  testified  to  us  the  great  things  of  the 
kingdom  of  God,  so  far  as  he  had  learned  them  out  of  the 
Holy  Scripture.  Very  instructive  and  affecting  it  was,  when, 
as  sometimes,  the  aspiring  philosopher,  the  uncompromising 
logician,  the  astute  economist,  the  grave  and  learned  dogma- 
tist, renounced  these  and  all  other  accomplishments  of  nature, 
or  rather  made  them  subservient  to  the  greater  accomplish- 
ments of  grace.  Then  we  admired,  even  to  tears  of  thankful- 
ness, how  the  wise  man,  in  becoming  a  fool,  becomes  truly 
wise ;  how  he  who  could  be  great  among  his  fellows  on  Mars 
Hill,  —  great  after  the  fashion  of  the  Areopagus,  —  could  be 
greater,  after  a  higher  fashion,  in  declaring  the  God  there 
Unknown ;  in  repeating  simply  the  lessons  of  that  heavenly 
wisdom  which  none  of  the  princes  of  this  world  knew ;  and, 
with  a  child-like  sincerity  and  earnestness,  from  his  own  sense 
of  the  sufficiency  of  redeeming  mercy,  inviting  us  to  '  The 
Lamb  of  God  who  taketh  away  the  sin  of  the  world.' 

"  It  might  seem  that  one  so  abstract  and  speculative,  so  con- 
templative and  reserved,  would  naturally  be  wanting  in  those 
sensibilities  and  affections  which  are  justly  reckoned  indispen- 
sable to  the  highest  excellence  of  character,  and  to  the  happi- 
ness, or  the  relief,  of  our  present  state.  But  appearances  do 
not  necessarily  represent,  but  more  frequently  conceal,  reali- 
ties. I  have  been  permitted  to  read  some  of  his  most  familiar 
letters,  which  reveal  a  sunny  and  cheery  side  of  his  character 
which  I  had  not  learned  from  personal  observation.  That  he 
had  a  susceptible  and  generous  heart  no  man  ever  doubted. 
But  one  must  know  what  he  has  written  to  his  friends,  out  of 
its  unperceived  fullness,  to  appreciate  those  hidden  sympathies 
of  his  nature  which  brought  him  into  harmony  as  well  with 
the  outer  as  the  inner  world.  Few  would  have  a  better  relish 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  335 

for  innocent  festivities,  or  the  pleasures  of  travel,  or  the 
grander  and  finer  works  of  nature  or  art.  Few  would  be 
more  excited  by  the  sparkle  or  roar  of  ocean,  the  magnificent 
scenery  of  Centre  Harbor,  the  sublime  panorama  of  the  White 
Mountains,  or  the  quiet  beauties  of  the  Connecticut  valley. 
True,  such  objects  engaged  him  but  for  a  time.  They  were 
not  his  chief  good.  He  wanted  the  higher  satisfactions  of  en- 
larged knowledge,  of  speculative  insight,  of  reasoning  activity, 
of  professional  engagement.  They  were  not  his  work,  but 
his  pastime.  Yet,  when  he  played,  it  was  with  as  great 
enjoyment  as  any  man  can  have  who  plays  alone,  and  far 
greater  than  they  have,  or  can  have,  who  do  naught  but 
play  in  company,  who  care  for  little  but  sights  and  sounds, 
at  length  sickened  and  enfeebled  by  their  very  tastes,  incapa- 
ble of  grave  and  dignified  pursuits,  disgusted  by  their  own 
vanities,  remorseful  at  their  own  intemperate  hilarities,  say- 
ing, at  last,  of  laughter,  '  It  is  mad,  and  of  mirth,  what 
doth  it  ? '  Stoical  he  may  have  been,  for  that  belongs,  al- 
most of  course,  to  natural  magnanimity,  and  familiarity  with 
large  and  elevated  themes ;  but  ascetic  and  cynical  he  was 
not,  and  could  not  have  been,  with  his  appreciation  of  Chris- 
tian truth,  and  experience  of  a  Saviour's  love. 

"  The  scholar,  teacher,  preacher,  learned,  profound,  effective, 
venerable  in  all  relations,  has  passed  away ;  the  good  man, 
regenerate  by  the  grace  of  God,  trusting  in  the  righteousness 
of  Christ,  and  hoping  for  salvation  only  through  redeeming 
blood ;  the  righteous  man,  stern  and  inflexible  in  his  integrity, 
who  never  dissembled,  never  professed  what  he  did  not  feel, 
never  hated,  never  spoke  evil  of  his  neighbor,  and  could  and 
did  say  that  he  was  never  angry  at  his  brother ;  the  faithful 
man,  who  was  true  to  his  engagements,  kept  his  post,  and,  in 
weariness  and  painfulness,  performed  his  appointed  work  till 
he  was  struck  with  death ;  the  husband,  father,  friend,  of 
whom,  in  these  relations,  it  were  impertinent  to  speak  par- 
ticularly, while  wounded  spirits  are  already  telling,  too  much, 
how  great  his  value,  and  how  great  their  loss.  He  has  passed 
away,  dying  as  he  had  lived,  and  taught,  and  preached,  —  in 
faith ;  peaceful  as  a  little  child,  and  hopeful  of  that  better 
state  where  that  which  is  perfect  will  come,  and  that  which 
is  in  part  shall  be  done  away." 


336  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Professor  Long  published  a  sermon  before  the  W.  R.  Synod 
in  1847,  a  discourse  on  "  The  Literary  Merits  of  Immoral 
Books,"  in  the  same  year,  "  Inaugural  Address  at  Auburn,"  in 
1853,  a  sermon  in  Dartmouth  College  Church,  "  Jesus  Exalted 
yet  Divine,"  in  1859,  and  a  memorial  sermon  on  Professor 
Roswell  Shurtleff,  in  1861.  In  1836,  with  Professor  Gregg,  he 
assumed  the  editorship  of  the  "  Ohio  Observer  "  published  at 
Hudson.  In  their  first  address  to  their  readers  is  this  pas- 
sage :  "  In  relation  to  the  subject  of  slavery  we  shall  take  the 
high  ground  that  man  is  man  and  cannot  therefore  be  treated 
and  used  as  property  without  sin.  that  immediate  emancipa- 
tion is  a  duty,  and  that  it  is  therefore  the  duty  of  every  man 
to  pray  and  strive  in  every  virtuous  \vay  for  the  abolition  of 
slavery."  The  last  date  of  an  editorial  is  June,  1837. 

Professor  Long  married  Rhoda  Ensign,  daughter  of  Alpha 
Rockwell,  of  Winsted,  Connecticut.  He  died  at  Hanover, 
October  14,  1861. 

Propriety  forbids  more  than  the  briefest  reference  to  a 
large  number  of  the  worthy  living,  who  have  been,  or  who 
still  are  numbered  among  Dartmouth's  professors,  in  the 
Academical  department.  Otherwise  we  might  dwell,  with 
profit,  upon  the  name  of  the  able  theologian,  George  Howe ; 
of  the  eminent  linguist,  Calvin  E.  Stowe  ;  of  that  strong  and 
graceful  master  of  the  English,  the  Latin,  and  the,  Greek, 
Edwin  D.  Sanborn,  who  is  now  just  passing  the  threshold  of 
the  "  three  score  and  ten,"  and  completing  nearly  a  half 
century  of  various  and  valuable  connection  with  his  Alma 
Mater ;  of  Oliver  P.  Hubbard,  who  is  still  patiently  and 
skillfully  unfolding  the  secrets  of  science  in  halls  which  have 
echoed  his  voice  for  more  than  forty  years ;  of  Samuel  G. 
Brown,  the  music  of  whose  chaste  and  charming  lectures  on 
Rhetoric  still  lingers  in  the  ears  of  a  long  line  of  pupils  ;  of 
Daniel  J.  Noyes,  whose  fidelity,  courtesy,  and  kindness  in  the 
chairs  of  Theology  and  Philosophy  have  given  him  a  warm 
place  in  the  hearts  of  nearly  thirty  classes ;  of  James  W.  Pat- 
terson, whose  pupils  have  watched  the  turning  of  the  thoughts 
of  an  admired  and  honored  teacher  from  Natural  to  Political 
Science,  with  unceasing  interest,  and  followed  him  through 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  337 

the  vicissitudes  of  public  service,  with  undiminished  affec- 
tion ;  of  Charles  A.  Aiken,  the  critical  and  accomplished 
linguist,  whose  loss  by  the  college  was  deemed  almost  irrep- 
arable;  of  William  A.  Packard,  who,  in  a  kindred  depart- 
ment gave  early  promise  of  his  later  success ;  of  Charles  A. 
Young,  whose  scientific  researches  have  added  to  the  fame 
of  his  family,  his  college,  and  his  country.  Nor  should  the 
service  rendered  to  the  cause  of  science  by  Henry  Fairbanks 
and  John  R.  Varney,  while  professors  at  Dartmouth,  escape 
our  notice. 

A  proper  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  services  of  those  who 
are  now  manfully  and  successfully  bearing  "  the  burden  and 
heat  of  the  day,"  and  bidding  fair  to  do  so  for  years  to  come, 
in  this  important  field,  with  its  slender  pecuniary  rewards, 
of  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  Henry  E.  Parker,  Elihu  T.  Quimby, 
Charles  H.  Hitchcock,  John  C.  Proctor,  Charles  F.  Emerson, 
and  John  K.  Lord,  must  be  left  to  a  future  historian. 

The  tutor's  chair  at  Dartmouth  has  been  filled  by  many 
men  of  high  promise,  some  going  to  premature  graves,  others 
to  what  they  deemed  more  inviting  fields.  Among  them  we 
find  such  names  as  Calvin  Crane,  Moses  Fiske,  Asa  McFar- 
land,  John  Noyes,  the  value  of  whose  instruction  was  grate- 
fully acknowleged  by  Dartmouth's  most  illustrious  son  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  after  his  graduation,  Thomas  A.  Merrill, 
Frederick  Hall,  Josiah  Noyes,  Andrew  Mack,  John  Brown, 
Henry  Bond,  William  White,  Rufus  W.  Bailey,  James  Marsh, 
Nathan  Welby  Fiske,  Rufus  Choate,  Oramel  S.  Hinckley, 
John  D.  Willard,  Henry  Wood,  Ebenezer  C.  Tracy,  Ira 
Perley,  Silas  Aiken,  Evarts  Worcester,  Jarvis  Gregg,  and 
Samuel  H.  Taylor.  We  cannot  dwell  upon  individual  merit, 
nor  give  even  the  names  of  all  who  have  rendered  valuable 
service  in  this  sphere. 

The  "  Indian  Charity  School,"  also  has  had  many  teachers 
of  distinguished  worth.  Among  them  we  find  such  names  as 
Benjamin  Trumbull,  the  historian,  to  whom  we  have  referred 
heretofore ;  Ralph  Wheelock,  the  favorite  son  of  the  honored 
founder,  who  would  doubtless  have  left  to  him  his  official 
mantle,  but  for  the  early  failure  of  his  health  ;  James  Dean, 
whose  name  is  indelibly  engraven  upon  the  earlier  periods  of 
22 


338  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

our  national  history,  Jacob  Fowler,  who  well  illustrated  the 
value  of  Christian  civilization  to  the  Indian ;  Caleb  Bingham 
and  Elisha  Ticknor,  whose  names  are  closely  interwoven  with 
the  educational  history  of  New  England's  metropolis,  Josiah 
Dunham,  Judah  Dana,  Caleb  Butler,  William  A.  Hayes,  the 
intimate  and  honored  friend  of  Francis  Brown,  Joseph  Perry, 
John  S.  Emerson,  and  Osgood  Johnson. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  339 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT.  — PROFESSORS  NATHAN  SMITH,  REU- 
BEN D.  MUSSEY,  DIXI  CROSBY,  EDMUND  R.  PEASLEE,  ALBERT 
SMITH,  AND  ALPHEUS  B.  CROSBY.  — OTHER  TEACHERS. 

IN  "  A  Contribution  to  the  Medical  History  of  New  Hamp- 
shire," by  Prof.  A.  B.  Crosby,  we  find  a  condensed  history  of 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  College. 

"  Soon  after  its  formation,  the  impression  became  general 
that  the  State  Society,  excellent  as  it  was  both  in  design  and 
execution,  did  not  fully  answer  the  medical  wants  of  New 
Hampshire.  There  were  those  who  felt  that  the  young  men  of 
the  State  should  have  systematic,  didactic  instruction,  and  that 
this  could  be  accomplished  only  by  the  foundation  of  a  reg- 
ularly chartered  medical  college.  This  plan  was  eventually  re- 
duced to  a  demonstration  through  the  energy  and  talents  of 
one  man.  It  is  with  profound  veneration  that  I  write  the 
name  of  Nathan  Smith.  Himself  a  member  of  the  society,  I- 
know  not  but  he  here  gained  inspiration  and  encouragement 
for  the  enterprise  from  his  associates.  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  in  Au- 
gust, 1796,  being  then  a  Bachelor  of  Medicine,  not  having 
received  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  he  made  an  application  to  the 
Board,  asking  their  encouragement  and  approbation  of  a  plan 
he  had  devised  to  establish  a  professorship  of  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  connection  with  Dartmouth  College. 
After  considerable  discussion,  the  Board  voted  to  postpone 
their  final  action  upon  the  proposition  for  a  year,  but  in  the 
meantime  a  resolution  was  passed  complimentary  to  the  char- 
acter and  energy  of  Mr.  Smith,  and  promising  such  encour- 
agement and  assistance  in  the  future  as  the  plan  might  merit 
and  the  circumstances  of  the  college  admit. 


340  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"The  records  of  the  college  are  extremely  barren  of  details 
respecting  the  preliminary  steps  towards  a  medical  establish- 
ment, and  there  are  no  means  of  knowing  what  the  action  of 
the  Board  was  the  following  year.  It  is  evident,  however, 
that  some  measures  must  have  been  taken  in  relation  to  the 
future  welfare  of  the  school,  for  in  the  year  1798  we  find  that 
'  the  fee  for  conferring  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine 
pro  meritis  be  twenty  dollars.'  The  honorary  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  was  the  same  year  conferred  on  Mr.  Smith, 
while  it  remained  for  a  subsequent  Board  to  discover  that 
his  professional  attainments  merited  the  rank  and  title  of 
Doctor. 

"  Later  in  the  same  session  it  was  voted  'That  a  professor 
be  appointed,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  deliver  public  lectures 
upon  Anatomy,  Surgery,  Chemistry,  Materia  Medica,  and  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  and  that  said  professor  be  en- 
titled to  receive  payment  for  instruction  in  those  branches,  as 
hereafter  mentioned,  as  compensation  for  his  services  in  that 
office/  Mr.  Smith  was  at  once  chosen  to  fulfill  the  laborious, 
and  to  us  almost  incredible  duties  of  this  professorship,  while 
the  compensation  alluded  to  was  for  a  long  time  held  in  abey- 
ance. We  also  find  that  in  this  year  the  Board  adopted  the 
following  code  of  Medical  Statutes  : 

"  1.  Lectures  shall  begin  the  first  of  October,  annually,  and 
continue  ten  weeks,  during  which  the  professor  shall  deliver 
three  lectures  daily,  Saturday  and  Sunday  excepted. 

"  2.  In  the  lectures  on  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic, 
shall  be  explained  the  nature  of  diseases  and  method  of  cure. 

"  3.  The  lectures  on  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica  shall  be 
accompanied  by  actual  experiments,  tending  to  explain  and 
demonstrate  the  principles  of  Chemistry,  and  an  exhibition 
shall  be  made  of  the  principal  medicines  used  in  curing  dis- 
ease, with  an  explanation  of  their  medicinal  qualities,  and  ef- 
fect on  the  human  body. 

"4.  In  the  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  shall  be 
demonstrated  the  parts  of  the  human  body  by  dissecting  a 
recent  subject,  if  such  subject  can  be  legally  obtained;  other- 
wise, by  exhibiting  anatomical  preparations,  which  shall  be 
attended  by  the  performance  of  the  principal  capital  opera- 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  341 

tions  in  surgery.     [The  lower  animals  were  used  to  some  ex- 
tent.] 

"  5.  The  medical  professor  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  the 
college  library  and  apparatus  gratis. 

"  6.  The  medical  students  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  the 
college  library  under  the  discretionary  restrictions  of  the  pres-  . 
ident. 

"  7.  Medical  students  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  rules  of 
morality  and  decorum  as  Bachelors  in  Art  residing  at  the  col- 
lege. 

"  8.  No  graduate  of  any  college  shall  be  admitted  to  an  ex- 
amination for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine,  unless  he 
shall  have  studied  two  full  years  with  some  respectable  phy- 
sician, or  surgeon,  and  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures  at 
some  university. 

"  9.  No  person  not  a  graduate  shall  be  admitted  to  such  an 
examination  unless  he  shall  have  studied  three  full  years,  as 
above,  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  and  shall,  upon  a 
preparatory  examination  before  the  president  and  professors, 
be  able  to  parse  the  English  and  Latin  languages,  to  construe 
Virgil  and  Cicero's  orations,  and  possess  a  good  knowledge  of 
common  Arithmetic,  Geometry,  Geography,  and  Natural  and 
Moral  Philosophy. 

"  10.  Examinations  shall  be  holden  in  public  before  the  ex- 
ecutive authority  of  the  college  by  the  medical  professor,  and 
candidates  shall  read  and  defend  a  dissertation,  etc. 

"11.  Every  person  receiving  a  degree  in  Medicine  shall 
cause  his  thesis  to  be  printed,  and  sixteen  copies  thereof  to  be 
delivered  to  the  president,  for  the  use  of  the  college  and 
Trustees. 

"12.  The  fee  for  attending  a  full  course  of  lectures  shall  be 
fifty  dollars ;  that  is,  for  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  twenty-five 
dollars ;  for  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica,  fifteen  dollars, 
and  for  Theory  and  Practice,  ten  dollars. 

"13.  The  members  of  the  two  senior  classes  in  college  may 
attend  the  medical  lectures  by  paying  twenty  dollars  for  the 
full  course. 

"  Besides  these  statutes,  the  Trustees  voted  that  Mr.  Smith 
might  employ  assistance  in  any  of  his  departments,  at  his  own 


342  DAKTMOTJTH  COLLEGE. 

expense,  and  that  one  half  part  of  the  fees  for  conferring  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  be  his  perquisite,  and  the 
other  half  a  perquisite  to  the  president  of  the  college. 

"  The  first  course  of  lectures  was  delivered  in  the  fall  of 
1797,  although  Mr.  Smith  was  not  elected  to  his  professorship 
,  until  after  his  return  from  Europe,  the  following  year.  In  the 
year  1798,  two  young  men  were  graduated  with  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Medicine.  The  next  year  the  Trustees  voted  to 
appropriate  a  room  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Dartmouth 
Hall  to  the  use  of  Professor  Smith,  and  it  was  repaired  and 
furnished  for  that  purpose.  The  room  was  a  small  one, 
scarcely  as  large  as  a  common  parlor,  but  still  it  served  for  a 
lecture  hall,  dissecting-room,  chemical  laboratory  and  library, 
for  several  years,  when  another  room  adjoining  was  appropri- 
ated to  the  same  purpose. 

"  In. 1801,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  was  conferred 
upon  Mr.  Smith,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confer 
with  him  in  relation  to  a  salary.  A  grant  of  fifty  dollars  per 
annum  was  voted  him,  upon  which  he  was  to  allow  a  debt  he 
owed  the  college  for  money  loaned.  I  presume  that  this 
latter  was  furnished  him  in  order  to  enable  him  to  visit 
Europe.  • 

"  The  Trustees  about  this  time  made  a  change  in  the  term 
of  study  required  for  a  degree.  The  new  statute  fixed  the 
period  of  three  years  for  academical  graduates,  and  five  years 
for  non-graduates. 

In  1803  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  granted  8600  to 
Dr.  .Smith  for  the  purchase  of  apparatus,  and  in  1809  $3,450 
for  "  a  building  of  brick  or  stone  for  a  medical  school,  sixty- 
five  feet  in  length,  thirty -two  feet  in  width,  and  two  stories 
in  height,"  Dr.  Smith  furnishing  land  for  the  purpose.  He 
furnished  one  acre,  on  which  a  brick  building  seventy-five 
feet  in  length,  two  stories  in  the  middle,  with  wings  of  three 
stories,  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  over  $4,600,  Dr.  Smith  be- 
coming responsible  for  the  balance.  By  the  terms  of  the 
above  grants  the  building  and  anatomical  and  chemical  appa- 
ratus became  the  property  of  the  State  upon  the  removal  of 
Dr.  Smith  from  the  institution,  which  is  with  propriety  styled 
the  "  New  Hampshire  Medical  College." 


DAKTMOUTH.  COLLEGE.  343 

In  1810  Dr.  Cyrus  Perkins  (created  a  Doctor  upon  that 
occasion)  was  elected  professor  of  Anatomy.  Some  trouble 
having  occurred  about  this  time  between  the  college  officers 
and  the  Medical  students,  the  following  articles  were  added  to 
the  laws. 

"  '  1.  That  each  person,  previous  to  becoming  a  member  of 
the  Medical  institution,  shall  be  required  to  give  satisfactory 
evidence  that  he  possesses  a  good  moral  character. 

"  4  2.  That  it  be  required  of  medical  students  that  they 
conduct  themselves  respectfully  towards  the  executive  officers 
of  the  college,  and  if  any  of  them  should  be  guilty  of  immoral 
or  ungentlemanly  conduct  the  executive  may  expel  them,  and 
no  professor  shall  receive  or  continue  to  receive  as  his  private 
pupil  any  such  expelled  person,  or  recommend  him  to  any  other 
medical  man  or  institution. 

"  '  3.  That  the  executive  officers  of  the  college  be,  and 
hereby  are  authorized  to  visit  the  rooms  of  the  .medical 
students  whenever  they  think  proper.' 

"  In  the  year  1812,  some  important  changes  were  made  in 
the  economy  of  the  institution.  Up  to  this  time  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  only  was  conferred  upon  recent 
graduates,  while  the  degree  of  M.  D.  was  only  allowed  in 
course  three  years  after  graduation.  This  was  now  changed, 
and  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  was  conferred  upon  all 
medical  graduates.  The  term  of  study  was  again  changed, 
and  fixed  at  the  present  standard.  Another  of  the  new  regu- 
lations and  perhaps  the  least  agreeable  one  to  the  students, 
compelled  candidates  to  read  their  theses  publicly  in  the 
chapel. 

44  The  Faculty  was  also  strengthened  by  the  appointment  of 
Rufus  Graves,  Esq.,  as  lecturer  on  Chemistry,  making  this 
department,  for  the  first  time,  a  separate  branch.  Colonel 
Graves,  although  a  good  lecturer,  was  an  unsucessful  manip- 
ulator, which  caused  his  dismission  in  1815,  three  years  later. 
During  the  same  year  [1812,  at  Dartmouth]  we  find  that 
Mr.  Reuben  D.  Mussey,  a  name  thoroughly  identified  with 
the  success  of  the  school,  and  with  medical  progress  in  New 
Hampshire,  was  created  a  Doctor  of  Medicine. 


344  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  In  1814,  Dr.  Smith  having  been  absent  for  a  year,  it  was 
voted  that  the  salary  and  emoluments  pertaining  to  the  chair 
of  Medicine,  be  paid  to  Dr.  Perkins,  and  at  an  adjourned 
meeting  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Smith  was  received  and  ac- 
cepted. The  Board  then  proceeded  to  elect  Dr.  Mussey  pro- 
fessor of  Theory  and  Practice  and  Materia  Medica.  In  1816, 
Dr.  Perkins  was  excused  from  lecturing  on  Surgery,  and  Ob- 
stetrics was  added  to  his  chair,  instead,  while  Dr.  Mussey 
assumed  the  department  of  Chemistry,  in  addition  to  his 
other  labors.  In  the  meanwhile  Dr.  Smith  was  reelected 
professor  of  Surgery,  but  declining  to  accept,  Dr.  Mussey 
added  a  course  of  lectures  on  this  branch  to  his  already  labori- 
ous duties.  The  following  year  he  was  somewhat  relieved  by 
the  choice  of  Dr.  James  F.  Dana,  as  lecturer  on  Chemistry, 
which  office  he  continued  to  hold  until  1820,  when  he  was 
elected  to  a  full  professorship.  In  August,  1819,  Dr.  Perkins 
resigned  his  chair. 

("  By  vote  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  in  1820,  they  accepted 
the  proffered  fraternization  of  the  New  Hampshire  Medical 
Society,  by  sending  delegates  to  attend  the  annual  examina- 
tions. The  statutes  were  also  altered  very  materially.  By 
these  amendments  the  Medical  Faculty  were  allowed  the  sole 
control  of  the  discipline,  etc.,  of  their  department.  Students 
coming  to  attend  lectures  were  not  required  to  give  evidence 
of  the  possession  of  a  good  moral  character,  as  under  the  old 
laws.  The  invidious  have  alleged  that  this  latter  amend- 
ment enabled  a  larger  number  to  avail  themselves  of  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  medical  education  than  might  otherwise  do  so. 
The  requirements  for  graduation  were  at  the  same  time  les- 
sened, being  now  limited  to  a  knowledge  of  Latin  and  Natural 
and  Experimental  Philosophy,  while  the  examinations  were 
to  be  private,  instead  of  public,  as  heretofore. 

"  It  was  determined  that  tha  Medical  Faculty  should  hence- 
forth consist  of : 

"  1.  The  president  of  the  College. 

"  2.  A  professor  of  Surgery,  Obstetrics,  and  Medical  Juris- 
prudence. 

"3.  A  professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  and  Materia  Med- 
ica. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  345 

"  4.  A  professor  of  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy. 

"  5.  A  professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 

•u  Dr.  Mussey  was  elected  to  the  first  of  the  professorial 
chairs;  Dr.  Daniel  Oliver,  of  Salem,  Mass.,  to  the  second; 
Dr.  James  F.  Dana,  to  the  third,  and  Dr.  Usher  Parsons  to 
the  fourth.  Dr.  Parsons  remained  but  two  years,  when  Dr» 
Mussey  was  appointed  professor  of  Anatomy,  in  addition  to 
his  other  branches.  No  further  change  occurred  until  1826, 
when  Dr.  Dana  resigned  the  chair  of  Chemistry,  which  was 
filled  by  the  election  of  Professor  Hale,  who  continued  to  lec- 
ture until  1835,  when  his  connection  with  the  college  ceased. 
The  following  year  Dr.  John  Delamater  was  chosen  profes- 
sor of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  and  the  present  in- 
cumbent, Dr.  O.  P.  Hubbard,  professor  of  Chemistry,  while 
in  1838  a  great  change  was  made  in  the  Medical  Faculty  by 
the  resignation  of  all  the  lecturers  except  Professor  Hubbard. 
By  the  election  of  the  Trustees,  the  Faculty  now  consisted  of 
Elisha  Bartlett,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  John  Delamater, 
Oliver  Payson  Hubbard,  Dixi  Crosby,  and  Stephen  W.  Wil- 
liams. Dr.  Bartlett  resigned  in  1840,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Roby.  Dr.  Delamater  also  left,  and  Dr.  Holmes 
tendered  his  resignation.  The  next  year,  1841,  Dr.  Phelps 
and  Dr.  Peaslee  commenced  their  long  and  useful  connection 
with  the  school.  No  farther  change  was  made  until  1849, 
when  Dr.  Roby  resigned  and  Dr.  Albert  Smith  was  elected. 
In  1867  Dixi  Crosby  resigned  the  chair  of  Surgery,  and  A.  B. 
Crosby,  who  had  served  as  adjunct  professor  of  Surgery  since 
1862,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In  1869,  Dr.  Peaslee, 
having  resigned  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  was 
transferred  to  a  new  chair  of  the  Diseases  of  Women,  while 
Lyman  Bartlett  How,  M.  D.,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
And  finally  Dr.  Dixi  Crosby  has  sent  in  his  resignation  of  the 
chair  of  Obstetrics,  to  take  effect  at  the  ensuing  commence- 
ment (1870),  thus  terminating  an  active  connection  of  thirty- 
two  years  with  the  school. 

u  Nathan  Smith,  the  founder  of  the  school,  was  without  dis- 
pute a  great  man.  He  was  born  at  Rehoboth,  Massachusetts, 
September  30,  1762.  Incited  to  enter  the  profession  by  wit- 
nessing an  amputation  in  Vermont,  he  devoted  himself  to  ac- 


346  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

quiring  the  best  preliminary  education  his  means  afforded,  and 
eventually  entered  his  profession  full  of  zeal  and  ambition, 
resolved  to  act  no  secondary  part  in  his  chosen  vocation.  To 
found  a  medical  college  at  Dartmouth  was  the  chief  desire  of 
his  early  manhood.  Regardless  of  his  own  pecuniary  inter- 
ests, he  borrowed  money  to  buy  the  necessary  apparatus  and 
appliances  with  which  to  commence  his  course  of  instruction. 
When  the  increasing  demands  of  the  institution  required  a 
building  for  its  accommodation,  it  was  through  his  personal 
efforts  that  it  was  secured.  The  means  were  raised  and  the 
project  carried  out  by  Dr.  Smith,  who,  himself,  on  his  own  re- 
sponsibility, furnished  a  large  part  of  the  money.  A  part,  as 
shown  by  the  records,  was  also  secured  by  the  same  gentleman 
from  the  Legislature  of  New  Hampshire. 

"  Dr.  Smith  was  a  man  of  genius.  I  hazard  nothing  in  say- 
ing that  he  was  fifty  years  in  advance  of  his  profession.  He 
was  one  of  those  characters  who  was  not  only  an  observing 
man,  but,  rarest  of  all,  he  was  a  good  observer.  Nothing  es- 
caped him,  and  when  he  had  seized  on  all  the  salient  points 
•of  a  given  subject,  he  astounded  his  listeners  with  the  full, 
symmetrical  character  of  his  generalizations. 

"  As  intances  in  point,  let  me  briefly  advert  to  one  or  two 
illustrations.  When  Dr.  Smith  entered  the  profession,  every- 
thing in  the  way  of  continued  fever  in  the  valley  of  the  Con- 
necticut was  termed  typhus.  Dr.  S.  soon  became  convinced 
that  while  true  typhus  did  prevail,  there  was  yet  a  continued 
fever  essentially  different  in  its  character,  and  so  he  came  to 
differentiate  between  typhus  and  typhoid.  Noting  carefully 
the  symptoms  in  these  cases,  making  autopsies  whenever  a 
chance  occurred,  and  observing  the  morbid  changes  thus  re- 
vealed, he  soon  found  himself  master  of  the  situation.  Then 
he  wrote  an  unpretending  little  tract,  in  which  he  embodied 
his  observations  and  his  inferences.  This  brochure  was  un- 
doubtedly the  first  comprehensive  description  of  typhoid  fever 
written,  and  covered  in  a  wonderfully  exhaustive  way  not  only 
the  clinical  history,  but  the  pathology,  of  this  most  interesting 
disease.  This  noble  record  of  results,  obtained  by  observa- 
tions made  mainly  at  Norwich,  Vermont,  and  Cornish,  New 
Hampshire,  was  almost  the  4  Vox  clamantis  in  deserto.' 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  347 

"  Many  years  later,  in  the  great  hospitals  of  Paris,  Louis 
made  and  published  his  own  observations  in  regard  to  the 
same  disease,  and  the  whole  medical  world  rang  with  plau- 
dits of  admiration  at  his  genius  and  learning.  But  in  the 
modest  little  tract  of  Nathan  Smith,  the  gist  and  germ  of  all 
the  magnificent  discoveries  of  Louis  are  anticipated.  And  thus 
it  is  again  demonstrated  that  men  of  genius  are  confined  to  no 
age  and  to  no  country,  but  whether  in  the  wilds  of  New 
Hampshire  or  in  the  world's  gayest  capital,  they  form  a  fra- 
ternity as  cosmopolitan  as  useful. 

"  I  have  recently  learned  an  incident  that  still  further  illus- 
trates Dr.  Smith's  sagacity.  While  residing  in  Cornish  he 
had  'a  friend  who  was  a  sea-captain,  and  who,  on  his  return 
from  foreign^  voyages,  was  wont  to  relate  to  him  whatever 
of  interest  in  a  medical  way  he  might  have  chanced  to  ob- 
serve while  abroad.  On  one  occasion  he  told  Dr.  Smith  that 
on  his  previous  voyage  one  of  the  sailors  dislocated  his  hip ; 
there  being  no  surgeon  on  board,  the  captain  tried  but  in  vain 
to  reduce  it.  The  man  was  accordingly  placed  in  a  hammock 
with  the  dislocation  unreduced.  During  a  great  storm  the 
sufferer  was  thrown  from  the  hammock  to  the  floor,  striking 
violently  on  the  knee  of  the  affected  side.  On  examination, 
it  was  found  that  in  the  fall  the  hip  had  somehow  been  set. 
This  greatly  interested  Dr.  Smith,  and  he  questioned  the  nar- 
rator again  and  again  as  to  the  exact  position  of  the  thigh,  the 
knee  and  the  leg,  at  the  time  of  the  fall. 

u  From  this  apparently  insignificant  circumstance,  Dr.  Smith 
eventually  educed  and  reduced  to  successful  practice  the  method 
of  reducing  dislocations  by  the  mano3uvre,  a  system  as  useful 
as  it  is  simple,  and  as  scientific  as  the  principle  of  flexion  and 
leverage  on  which  it  depends.  Had  this  incident  been  related 
to  a  stupid  man,  he  would  have  seen  nothing  in  it,  or  to  a 
skeptic,  he  would  have  discredited  the  whole  account,  but 
to  a  man  of  genius  it  furnished  a  clue  by  which  another  of 
Nature's  labyrinths  was  traced  out.  This  system  is  by  far 
the  best  ever  devised,  symplifying  and  rendering  easy  the 
work  of  the  surgeon,  while  reducing  human  suffering  to  its 
minimum. 

"  I  do  not  propose  to  recall  to  your  minds  how  much  he  did 


348  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

for  Medicine  and  Surgery ;  that  were  the  work  of  days,  not  a 
single  hour. 

"  Time  would  fail  me  to  relate  the  well  authenticated  tradi- 
tions of  his  skill,  his  benevolence  and  his  practical  greatness. 
But  almost  from  the  inception  of  his  professional  life  until  he 
left  for  New  Haven,  he  was  the  acknowledged  leader  of  his 
profession  in  the  State,  and  his  reputation  came  soon  to  cover 
the  whole  of  New  England.  He  was  the  father  of  several 
sons,  who  have  since  been  distinguished  in  the  same  profes- 
sion. The  venerable  Professor  N.  R.  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  is 
the  eldest,  and  perhaps  the  most  celebrated,  of  the  survivors/' 

The  venerable  Dr.  A.  T.  Lowe  adds  the  following  valuable 
paragraphs : 

"  In  the  organization  and  early  history  of  the  Medical 
department  of  Dartmouth  College  Dr.  Nathan  Smith  occu- 
pied a  preeminent  position.  For  ten  or  twelve  years  he  was 
the  actual  manager  and  the  only  professor  in  the  institution, 
giving  three  lectures  each  day,  for  five  days  in  the  week, 
through  the  term  of  ten  to  twelve  weeks.  He  lectured  with 
great  acceptance  in  all  the  branches  of  the  profession  then 
taught  in  the  few  kindred  institutions  existing  in  the  coun- 
try, and  he  contributed  liberally  to  the  pecuniary  support  of 
the  institution,  frequently  to  his  great  personal  inconvenience. 
With  these  accumulated  duties  to  discharge,  he  faithfully  at- 
tended to  a  large  practice  in  Medicine  and  Surgery,  which  was 
daily  increasing,  and  severely  tasking  his  physical  as  well  as 
his  intellectual  powers,  and  his  fame,  in  the  line  of  his  pro- 
fession, soon  placed  him  at  its  head ;  and  his  skill  and  the  his- 
tory of  his  remarkable  success,  so  frequently  announced,  and 
so  well  attested,  was  early  recognized  and  acknowledged,  not 
only  throughout  his  State,  but  was  scarcely  limited  to  New 
England.  By  a  seeming  universal  consent  Dr.  Smith's  name 
stood  among  the  highest  in  the  medical  temple  of  fame. 

"  Dr.  Smith  was  not  what  the  world  would  now  call  a 
learned  man.  We  may  say  of  him,  in  this  respect,  what  Ben 
Jonson  said  of  Shakespeare :  v  He  knew  little  Latin  and  less 
Greek,'  but  he  had  a  mind  and  a  power  of  intellect  which  as 
eminently  fitted-  him  for  a  physician,  as  Shakespeare's  genius 
qualified  him  to  become  a  dramatist  of  the  highest  character ; 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  349 

and  whatever  the  occasion,  whether  it  related  to  the  lecturer 
or  tea'cher,  to  the  surgeon  or  physician,  Dr.  Smith  could  read- 
ily exercise  his  whole  moral  force  for  the  enlightenment  of  his 
pupil,  or  the  health  of  his  patient. 

*'  The  writer  of  these  lines  became  his  pupil  in  1816 ;  at- 
tending him  almost  daily  in  his  professional  visits,  to  witness 
his  practice  and  listen  to  his  clinical  instruction." 

After  giving  one  or  two  instances  of  his  quick  diagnostic 
ability  and  his  highly  successful  practice,  he  continues : 

"Dr.  Smith  was  a  great  and  good  man.  He  never  ap- 
peared to  toil  for  professional  fame,  but  to  do  good  to  his 
fellow-man :  and  in  view  of  his  virtues  as  a  citizen  and  his 
justly  preeminent  skill  as  a  physician,  one  of  his  surviving 
pupils  of  those  early  days,  who  now  counts  more  than  four- 
score years,  feels  impelled  to  exclaim,  —  Honored  be  the 
memory  of  Nathan  Smith,  the  founder,  father,  and  for  many 
years  the  sustainer  of  the  Medical  Department  of  Dartmouth 
College ;  ever  recognized  by  all  his  friends  and  acquaintances 
—  and  their  name  was  legion  —  as  an  honest  man  and  most 
useful  citizen." 

Professor  Smith  married  successively,  Elizabeth  and  Sarah, 
daughters  of  Gen.  Jonathan  Chase,  of  Cornish,  N.  H.  He 
died  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  had  been  some  years  a 
professor  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Yale  College,  January 
26,  1829. 

A  commemorative  "  Address,"  by  Professor  A.  B.  Crosby, 
contains  the  following  account  of  Professor  Smith's  successor  : 

"  REUBEN  DIMOND  MUSSEY  was  born  in  Pelham,  N.  H., 
June  23, 1780.  His  father,  Dr.  John  Mussey,  was  a  respect- 
able physician  and  an  excellent  man. 

u  Determined  to  have  an  education,  although  too  poor  to 
immediately  attain  it,  he  labored  on  a  farm  in  summer  and 
taught  a  school  during  the  winter.  This  he  continued  to  do 
until,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  entered  the  Junior  class  in 
Dartmouth  College,  in  the  year  1801.  He  continued  to  teach 
for  his  support  while  in  college,  and  acquitted  himself  credita- 
bly as  a  scholar,  being  reckoned  in  the  first  third  of  his  class. 

"  He  was  graduated  in  August,  1803,  and  immediately  be- 


350  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

came  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Nathan  Smith,  the  founder  of  Dartmouth 
Medical  College.  The  following  summer  young  Mussey  taught 
an  academy  at  Peterborough,  and  studied  with  Dr.  Howe  of 
Jaffrey. 

"  He  completed  his  studies  with  Dr.  Smith,  sustained  a 
public  examination,  and  read  and  defended  a  thesis  on  Dys- 
entery. The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  having  been 
conferred  upon  him  in  1806,  he  commenced  practice  in  Ips- 
wich, now  Essex,  Mass.  Here  he  practiced  successfully  for 
three  years,  when  he  settled  his  business  and  went  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  engaged  in  medical  study  for  a  period  of 
nine  months.  While  at  Chebacco,  now  Essex,  Mass.,  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Sewall,  who  survived  the  marriage  only 
three  years.  He  subsequently  married  Miss  Hetty  Osgood, 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  Osgood  of  Salem,  who  served  as  a  surgeon 
in  the  army  during  the  Revolution.  Under  the  instruction  of 
Benjamin  Smith  Barton,  he  attended  a  full  course  of  lec- 
tures in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  graduated 
as  a  Doctor  in  Medicine  in  the  year  1809.  The  professors 
at  that  time  were  Rush,  Wistar,  Physic,  Dorsey,  Barton,  and 
Woodhouse. 

"  Drs.  Chapman  and  James  gave  the  course  in  Obstetrics. 
Dr.  Mussey  here  distinguished  himself  by  a  series  of  experi- 
ments tending  to  rebut  some  of  the  generally  received  phys- 
iological doctrines  of  the  time. 

"  On  his  return  from  Philadelphia  he  settled  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  soon  afterward  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr. 
Daniel  Oliver,  subsequently  a  professor  in  the  Dartmouth 
Medical  College. 

"  These  gentlemen  gave  popular  courses  of  lectures  on 
Chemistry,  in  Salem,  with  great  acceptance.  Dr.  Mussey 
remained  in  this  field  between  five  and  six  years,  and  attained 
a  large  practice  during  the  last  three  years,  averaging,  it  is 
said,  a  fraction  over  three  obstetric  cases  a  week.  He  had 
already  distinguished  himself  as  a  surgeon,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  1814  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice  at 
Dartmouth.  He  gave  in  addition  a  course  on  Chemistry,  most 
acceptably  to  the  students,  and  engaged  in  an  extended  and 
a  laborious  practice. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  351 

"In  1822,  Dr.  Mussey  was  appointed  professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Surgery.  Until  the  close  of  the  session  of  1838,  he. held 
this  chair,  and  also  lectured  on  Materia  Medica  and  Obstet- 
rics, to  meet  occasional  exigencies  in  the  college. 

"  In  the  summer  of  1818  he  lectured  on  Chemistry  in  the 
college  at  Middlebury,  Vt.  In  December,  1829,  Dr.  Mussey 
left  Hanover  for  Paris,  where  he  remained  several  months. 
He  passed  several  weeks  in  London,  visited  the  great  hospi- 
tals and  museums,  both  there  and  in  the  provinces,  and  be- 
came acquainted  with  many  distinguished  men. 

"  Not  far  from  this  time  he  was  invited  to  fill  the  chair  of 
Anatomy  and  Surgery  at  Bowdoin  College,  which  he  did  for 
four  years  in  succession.  In  1836  and  1837,  Dr.  Mussey  went 
to  Fairfield,  New  York,  and  gave  lectures  on  surgery  at  the 
Medical  College  in  that  place.  During  the  year  1837  a  pro- 
fessorship was  tendered  him  in  New  York  city,  Cincinnati,  and 
Nashville,  Tennessee.  He  decided  to  accept  the  call  to  Cin- 
cinnati, and  for  fourteen  years  was  the  leading  man  in  the 
Ohio  Medical  College.  He  then  founded  the  Miami  Medical 
College,  labored  assiduously  for  its  good  six  years,  and  then 
retired  from  active  professional  life,  though  still  retaining  all 
his  ardor  and  enthusiasm  for  his  chosen  profession.  At  the 
close  of  his  professorial  duties  in  1858,  Dr.  Mussey  removed 
to  Boston,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  died 
from  the  infirmities  of  age,  June  21,  1866. 

"  He  had  ever  been  from  his  youth  a  consistent,  devout 
Christian,  and  his  record  is  without  spot  or  blemish. 

"  It  was  as  a  surgeon  that  Dr.  Mussey  came  to  be  most  ex- 
tensively known.  Both  as  an  operative  and  a  scientific  sur- 
geon he  attained  a  national  reputation. 

"  He  cared  not  to  make  a  figure,  but  to  benefit  his  patient ; 
not  to  gain  gclat,  but  to  save  human  life.  He  believed  much 
in  skilled  surgery,  something  in  nature,  but  most  of  all  in 
God.  So  it  transpired  that  on  the  eve  of  a  great  operation 
he  frequently  knelt  at  the  bedside,  and  sought  skill  and 
strength  and  success  from  the  great  Source  of  all  vitality. 
We  are  told  that  the  moral  effect  upon  the  patient,  and  the 
peaceful  composure  that  followed,  were  not  the  least  of  the 
agencies  that  so  often  rendered  his  surgery  successful. 


352  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  But  he  was  not  content  blindly  to  accept  the  dictum  of 
those  who  had  gone  before.  Every  principle  was  carefully 
scrutinized,  and  whatever  he  believed  to  be  false  he  did  not 
hesitate  to  attack,  and  so  his  name  came  to  be  associated  with 
surgical  progress.  As  illustrative  of  this  point,  some  instances 
may  be  adduced. 

"In  the  year  1830,  and  before  that  period,  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  had  taught  the  doctrine  of  non-union  in  cases  of  intra- 
capsular  fracture,  and  it  was  generally  accepted  as  an  estab- 
lished principle  at  that  time.  Dr.  Mussey  carried  a  specimen 
to  England  which  he  believed  showed  the  possibility  of  such 
union  taking  place.  Sir  Astley  on  first  seeing  it  said,  "  This 
was  never  broken,"  but  on  seeing  a  section  of  the  same  speci- 
men remarked, 4  This  does  look  a  little  more  like  it,  to  be  sure, 
but  I  do  not  think  the  fracture  was  entirely  within  the  cap- 
sular  ligament.'  John  Thompson  of  Edinburgh,  on  seeing  it, 
declared  '  upon  his  troth  and  honor '  that  it  had  never  been 
broken.  This  eminent  surgeon,  like  the  disputatious  Massa- 
chusetts Scotchman,  'always  positive  and  sometimes  right,' 
was  in  this  instance  mistaken,  as  the  principle  advocated  by 
Dr.  Mussey  is  now  established. 

"  As  a  surgeon  he  was  bold  and  fearless,  ever  willing  to  as- 
sume any  legitimate  responsibility,  even  though  it  took  him 
into  the  undiscovered  country  of  experiment.  He  did  not  do 
this  rashly,  but  only  when  the  stake  was  worthy  of  the  risk. 
There  is  still  living  in  Hanover  a  monument  of  Dr.  Mussey's 
pluck  and  skill.  This  man  had  a  large,  ulcerated  and  bleed- 
ing naevus  on  the  vertex  of  his  head,  which  threatened  a 
speedy  death.  There  seemed  no  way  to  relieve  the  patient 
except  by  tying  both  carotids,  which  was  regarded  as  an 
operation  inevitably  fatal.  The  danger  was  imminent,  and 
as  Dr.  Mussey  could  see  no  way  to  untie  the  knot,  he  deter- 
mined to  cut  it.  He  tied  one  carotid,  and  in  twelve  days  tied 
the  other,  following  both  operations  in  a  few  weeks  with  a  re- 
moval of  the  tumor.  The  recovery  was  perfect,  and  the  case 
was,  we  believe,  the  first  recorded  instance  where  both  carotids 
were  successfully  tied.  This  operation  gave  him  great  fame 
both  at  home  and  abroad. 

44  It  is  not  my  purpose  to  attempt  an  account  of  the  surgery 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  353 

done  by  this  eminent  man,  only  to  touch  on  some  of  its  salient 
points.  Thus  he  successfully  removed  an  ovarian  tumor,  at  a 
time  when  the  operation  had  been  done  only  a  few  times  in 
the  world.  He  removed  a  boy's  tongue  which  measured  eight 
inches  in  circumference,  and  projected  five  inches  beyond  the 
jaws,  and  the  patient  recovered. 

"  He  removed  the  scapula  and  a  large  part  of  the  clavicle 
at  one  operation,  from  a  patient  on  whom  he  had  amputated 
previously  at  the  shoulder-joint.  Dr.  Mussey  supposed  that 
this  was  the  first  operation  of  the  kind  [as  it  was  in  some 
respects]  in  the  history  of  Surgery. 

"  He  several  times  removed  the  upper,  and  portions  of  the 
lower,  jaw.  Dr.  Mussey  kept  no  extended  records  of  his  op- 
erations, but  I  subjoin  a  few  statements  alike  interesting  to 
us  and  creditable  to  him. 

"  He  performed  the  operation  of  lithotomy  forty-nine  times, 
and  all  the  patients  recovered  but  four.  He  operated  for 
strangulated  hernia  forty  times,  and  with  a  fatal  result  in 
only  eight  cases.  He  practiced  subcutaneous  deligation  in 
forty  cases  of  varicocele,  and  all  were  successful.  Dr.  Mus- 
sey operated  four  times  for  perineal  fistula,  twice  for  imper- 
meable stricture  of  the  urethra,  and  did  a  large  number  of 
plastic  operations  with  the  best  results.  He  also  successfully 
treated  a  recto-vaginal  fistula. 

"  These  are  only  a  fraction  of  the  innumerable  operations 
which  he  did,  yet  they  show  results  such  as  the  greatest  sur- 
geons in  the  world  would  be  proud  to  declare. 

"  But  it  is  not  alone  as  a  surgeon  that  Dr.  Mussey  attained 
excellence.  It  was  as  an  accurate  observer  that  he  early 
made  himself  known  to  the  medical  world.  The  habit  of  his 
mind  was  positive  ;  he  respected  authority,  and  to  the  latest 
period  of  his  life  was  assiduous  in  acquiring  professional 
knowledge  from  books  no  less  than  from  observation.  He 
delighted  to  fortify  himself  in  any  given  position  by  citing 
authorities,  and  always  showed  that  he  had  informed  himself 
exhaustively  in  the  bibliography  of  the  subject.  Yet  it  was 
his  habit  to  subject  every  medical  statement  to  the  most  rigid 
tests.  While  pursuing  his  studies  in  Philadelphia,  he  joined 
issue  with  Dr.  Rush  on  some  of  the  physiological  doctrines 

23 


354  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

which  were  generally  received  at  that  .time.  This  distin- 
guished man  had  taught  the  doctrine  of  non-absorption  by 
the  skin.  This  was  supposed  to  have  been  proved  by  an  ex- 
periment in  which  a  young  man,  confined  in  a  small  room, 
breathed  through  a  tube  running  through  the  wall  into  the 
open  air,  the  surface  of  the  skin  being  rubbed  at  the  same 
time  with  turpentine,  asparagus,  etc.  As  no  odor  of  these 
substances  was  perceptible  in  the  secretions,  it  was  inferred 
that  no  absorption  had  taken  place  through  the  skin,  and  that 
it  was  impossible.  Dr.  Mussey,  believing  this  doctrine  to  be 
fallacious,  immersed  himself  in  a  strong  solution  of  madder 
for  three  hours.  He  had  the  satisfaction  of  getting  unmis- 
takable evidence  of  the  presence  of  madder  in  the  secretions 
for  two  days,  the  addition  of  an  alkali  always  rendering  them 
red.  He  repeated  this  experiment  with  the  same  result,  and 
made  it  the  theme  of  a  thesis  on  his  graduation.  Some  of 
the  Faculty  who  differed  with  Dr.  Rush  on  the  subject  were 
much  pleased  with  these  experiments,  and  predicted  even  then 
for  our  friend  a  distinguished  career." 

Professor  Mussey  died  at  Boston  June  21,  1866. 

We  quote  from  Dr.  J.  W.  Barstow's  obituary  notice  in  the 
"  New  York  Medical  Journal,"  November,  1873,  of  Professor 
Mussey's  successor. 

"  DR.  Dixi  CROSBY,  for  thirty-two  years  professor  of  Sur- 
gery in  Dartmouth  College,  died  at  his  residence  in  Hanover, 
N.  H.,  September  26,  1873.  Dr.  Crosby  was  born  February 
7,  1800,  at  Sandwich,  N.  H.,  of  pure  New  England  stock, — 
strong  in  the  best  Puritan  element,  where  self-reliance,  love 
of  justice,  and  unbending  will,  formed  the  basis  of  character 
and  the  mainspring  of  action.  His  father's  father  was  a 
captain  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  served  with  two  of 
his  sons  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  His  maternal  grand- 
father (Hoit)  was  one  of  Washington's  body-guard,  and  later 
in  life  a  judge  of  some  distinction.  His  father,  Dr.  Asa 
Crosby,  who  married  Betsey  Hoit,  was  a  surgeon  of  eminence 
in  eastern  New  Hampshire.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  he  en- 
tered upon  the  study  of  Medicine  in  the  office  of  his  father. 

"  The  practice  of  a  country  doctor  in  New  Hampshire  of 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  355 

course  embraced  every  department  and  variety  of  professional 
work.  But  Surgery  offered  to  young  Crosby  a  special  charm, 
and  the  ardor  with  which  he  threw  himself  into  this  branch 
of  the  profession  showed  early  fruits.  From  the  day  when 
he  commenced  his  Anatomy,  his  practice  and  his  study  went 
hand  in  hand.  Fearless  and  original,  ready  in  expedients 
and  ingenious  in  their  use,  he  observed,  he  resolved,  and  he 
acted. 

"  In  the  first  year  of  his  study  he  accompanied  his  father  to 
a  consultation  in  the  case  of  a  man  whose  leg  had  been  frozen, 
and  whose  condition  was  most  critical.  It  was  agreed  by  the 
older  physicians  that  amputation  at  an  earlier  stage  might 
have  saved  the  patient's  life,  but  that  it  was  now  too  late 
to  attempt  it.  Young  Crosby  urged  that  the  operation  be 
performed,  but  the  elders  shook  their  heads.  He  even  pro- 
posed to  attempt  it  himself ;  but  this  was  received  with  a 
storm  of  disapproval,  in  which  even  his  father  joined,  and  the 
thing  was  pronounced  impossible.  The  doctors  then  departed, 
leaving  the  student  to  watch  with  the  patient  during  the  few 
hours  which  apparently  remained  of  life.  During  the  night 
young  Crosby  succeeded  in  reviving  the  courage  of  the  man 
to  make  a  last  effort  for  life.  The  limb  was  removed,  and 
the  man  recovered. 

"  His  second  year  of  study  developed  still  further  the  grow- 
ing resources  of  the  young  surgeon.  Upon  one  occasion  both 
father  and  son,  while  visiting  a  patient  at  night,  in  a  distant 
village,  were  suddenly  called  to  a  case  of  extensive  laceration 
of  the  leg,  with  profuse  hemorrhage.  The  case  was  urgent, 
and  the  patient  was  sinking.  No  instruments  were  at  hand. 
He  called  for  a  carving-knife,  which  he  sharpened  on  a  grind- 
stone and  finished  on  a  razor-strap,  filed  a  hand-saw,  ampu- 
tated the  limb,  dressed  the  stump,  left  the  patient  in  safety, 
and  drove  home  with  his  father  to  breakfast.  The  man  re- 
covered. 

"  Before  a  nature  so  fearless,  and  so  fertile  in  expedients, 
obstacles  speedily  vanish,  and  young  Crosby  found  himself  in 
possession  of  a  large  and  responsible  practice,  even  before 
taking  his  medical  degree,  and  at  the  early  age  of  twenty- 
three  years.  The  following  year  (1824)  he  graduated  in 


356  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Medicine  at  Dartmouth  (having  passed  his  examination  in 
November  preceding),  and  for  ten  years  remained  in  Gilman- 
ton,  in  practice  with  his  father.  He  then  removed  to  Mere- 
dith Bridge,  now  Laconia,  N.  H.,  where  he  practiced  for  three 
years ;  and  in  1838  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  Dart- 
mouth College,  then  recently  made  vacant  by  the  resignation 
of  the  late  Dr.  Mussey.  In  this  field  Dr.  Crosby  found  at 
once  full  exercise  for  all  his  large  resources  of  head  and  heart 
and  hand.  As  an  instructor  he  was  clear,  direct,  and  definite, 
—  imparting  to  his  pupils  his  own  zeal,  and  teaching  them  his 
own  self-reliance.  'Depend  upon  yourselves,  young  gentle- 
men,' he  invariably  said.  '  Take  no  man's  diagnosis,  but  see 
with  your  own  eyes,  feel  with  your  own  fingers,  judge  with 
your  own  judgment,  and  be  the  disciple  of  no  man.' 

"  In  his  class,  he  was  courteous  without  familiarity,  patient 
with  dulness,  but  quick  to  punish  impertinence ;  always  kind, 
always  dignified,  always  genial.  The  practical  view  of  a  sub- 
ject was  the  view  which  he  delighted  to  take  ;  and  the  dry 
humor  with  which  he  never  failed  to  emphasize  his  point,  at 
once  fixed  it  in  the  memory  of  the  class,  and  made  it  available 
for  future  use.  With  his  office-students,  Dr.  Crosby  was  the 
very  soul  of  geniality  and  confidence.  He  saw  and  measured 
men  at  a  glance,  and  was  rarely  wrong  in  his  estimate  of 
character.  Strong  in  his  own  convictions,  he  was  yet  tender 
of  the  infirmities  and  the  prejudices  of  others,  and  his  gener- 
ous instincts  lost  no  opportunity  for  their  daily  exercise. 

"  His  love  of  nature  was  as  instinctive  and  as  thorough  as 
his  knowledge  of  men.  He  transferred  the  treasures  of  the 
woods  to  his  own  garden.  He  studied  the  habits  of  birds  and 
insects,  and  his  parlors  were  adorned  with  a  cabinet  of  Amer- 
ican birds  more  complete  than  is  often  found  in  the  museum 
of  a  professed  naturalist.  He  reveled  in  the  '  pomp  of  groves 
and  garniture  of  fields,'  and  his  daily  drives  through  the 
picturesque  scenery  of  the  Connecticut  valley  fed  his  aesthetic 
taste,  and  proved  a  compensation  for  fatigue. 

"  Dr.  Crosby,  though  a  surgeon  by  nature  and  by  preference, 
was  in  no  modern  sense  a  specialist.  His  professional  labors 
covered  the  whole  range  of  Medicine.  His  professorship  in- 
cluded Obstetrics  as  well  as  Surgery,  and  his  practice  in  this 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  357 

department  was  exceptionally  large.  His  surgical  diocese 
extended  from  Lake  Champlain  to  Boston.  .Distance  seemed 
no  bar  to  his  influence,  and  his  professional  journeys  were 
often  made  by  night  as  well  as  by  day.  Of  the  special  opera- 
tions of  Dr.  Crosby  we  do  not  propose  here  to  speak  in  detail. 
It  is  sufficient  to  mention  that,  in  1824,  he  devised  a  new  and 
ingenious  mode  of  reducing  metacarpo-phalangeal  dislocation. 
In  1836  he  removed  the  arm,  scapula,  and  three  quarters  of 
the  clavicle  at  a  single  operation,  for  the  first  time  in  the 
history  of  Surgery.  He  was  the  first  to  open  abscess  of  the 
hip-joint.  He  performed  his  operations,  without  ever  having 
seen  them  performed,  almost  without  exception.  Dr.  Crosby 
was  not  what  may  be  called  a  rapid  operator.  '  An  opera- 
tion, gentlemen,'  he  often  said  to  his  clinical  students,  'is 
soon  enough  done  when  it  is  well  enough  done.'  And,  with 
him,  it  was  never  done  otherwise  than  well. 

"  At  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  Dr.  Crosby  served  in  the 
provost-marshal's  office  at  a  great  sacrifice  for  many  months, 
attending  to  his  practice  chiefly  at  night.  As  years  and 
honors  accumulated,  Dr.  Crosby  still  continued  his  work, 
though  his  constitutional  vigor  was  impaired  by  the  severity 
of  the  New  Hampshire  winters,  and  by  his  unremitting  labor. 
At  length,  having  reached  man's  limit  of  three-score  years  and 
ten,  he  withdrew  from  active  practice,  and  in  1870  resigned 
his  chair  in  the  college,  to  which  his  son  succeeded.  From 
that  time  it  was  plain  that  Dr.  Crosby's  life-work  was  nearly 
done.  In  his  well-ordered  and  delightful  home  he  found  that 
rest  to  which  his  long  service  in  behalf  of  humanity  entitled 
him.  His  end  was  perfect  dignity  and  perfect  peace. 

"  To  those  of  us  who  had  been  most  intimately  associated 
with  our  departed  friend,  who  had  enjoyed  his  teachings,  his 
counsels,  and  his  generous  kindness,  the  news  of  his  death 
came  as  a  heavy  shock.  But  he  still  lives  in  the  remembrance 
of  his  distinguished  services,  in  the  unfading  affection  and 
gratitude  of  his  pupils,  and  in  the  many  hearts  whose  burdens 
he  has  lifted.  Verily,  *  Extinctus  amabitur  idem  ! ' ' 

Professor  Crosby  married  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  Stephen 
Moody,  of  Gilmanton,  N.  H. 


358  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

The  following  paragraphs  relating  to  one  of  Dartmouth's 
most  eminent  professors,  the  esteemed  classmate  of  President 
Bartlett,  who  says :  "  Outside  of  my  own  family  circle,  I  had 
no  better  friend,"  are  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  T.  A.  Emmet,  of 
New  York. 

"  EDMUND  RANDOLPH  PEASLEE  was  born  at  Newton, 
New  Hampshire,  January  22,  1814.  We  have  no  record  of 
his  boyhood,  or  of  his  life  previous  to  graduating  from  Dart- 
mouth College,  with  the  class  of  1836.  In  this  institution  he 
occupied  the  position  of  tutor  from  1837  to  1839,  when  he  en- 
tered the  Medical  Department  of  Yale  College  and  took  his 
degree  in  1840. 

"  The  following  year  he  settled  in  Hanover,  N.  H.,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Without  waiting 
in  expectation,  he  began  his  busy  life  by  delivering  a  popular 
course  of  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 

"  These  lectures  indicated  so  clearly  his  talents  that,  in 
1842,  but  two  years  after  entering  the  profession,  he  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  Medical 
Department  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  retained  the  office 
until  his  death.  Within  a  year  afterwards,  in  1843,  he  was 
appointed  lecturer,  and  shortly  afterwards  professor  of  Anat- 
omy and  Surgery  in  the  Medical  School  in  Maine,  connected 
with  Bowdoin  College.  He  filled  those  two  professorships 
until  1857,  when  he  gave  up  Anatomy,  but  continued  to  lec- 
ture on  Surgery  until  1860.  Dr.  Peaslee  first  came  to  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1851,  on  receiving  the  professorship  of 
Physiology  and  General  Pathology  in  the  New  York  Medical 
College,  then  just  being  established. 

"  This  position  he  held  for  four  years,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics,  and  continued  to  lecture  on 
this  branch  until  the  institution  was  closed  about  1860.  He, 
however,  did  not  settle  in  New  York,  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  until  1858.  After  1860,  he  mainly  devoted  himself 
to  his  practice,  lecturing  little  except  during  the  summer  or 
autumn  course  in  Dartmouth  College.  But  to  do  justice  to 
his  subject  and  compress  the  whole  subject  into  the  space  of 
some  six  weeks,  this  being  his  time  of  recreation  from  business, 
he  always  delivered  at  least  two  lectures  a  day  and  frequently 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  359 

more.  In  1870,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Trustees  of  his 
Alma  Mater,  which  had  in  1859  conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws.  From  1872,  he  delivered  a  course  of  lec- 
tures in  the  Medical  Department  on  the  Diseases  of  Women. 
Two  years  afterwards,  the  course  on  Obstetrics  and  the  Dis- 
eases of  Women  in  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College 
was  divided,  when  Dr.  Peaslee  was  offered  and  accepted  the 
chair  of  Gynaecology.  At  about  this  date  he  also  occupied 
for  a  short  time  a  professorship  in  the  Albany  Medical  School. 
On  the  reorganization  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  New  York,  in  1872,  he  was 
made  one  of  the  Attending  Surgeons,  and  held  this  position, 
together  with  his  professorship  in  the  Bellevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College,  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

"  In  1857,  he  published  in  Philadelphia, '  Human  Histology, 
in  its  Relations  to  Descriptive  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and 
Pathology,'  in  which  were  given  for  the  first  time,  by  transla- 
tion, the  experiments  of  Robin  and  Verdell  on  Anatomical 
Chemistry.  But  the  one  great  work  which  will  identify 
him  with  his  generation  is  that  on  '  Ovarian  Tumors,  their 
Pathology,  Diagnosis,  and  Treatment,  especially  by  Ovariot- 
omy,' published  in  New  York,  1872.  To  this  work  he  con- 
tributed but  little  original  matter,  beyond  his  personal  ex- 
perience, which  had  been  large  at  that  time.  He,  however, 
presented  a  digest  of  the  whole  subject  in  so  thorough  and 
masterly  a  manner  that  this  work  is  destined  to  be  a  classic 
and  a  landmark  as  it  were.  It  will  be  the  future  starting- 
point  for  the  literature  of  this  subject,  as  an  original  patent 
is  in  the  searching  of  a  title.  There  will  be  no  need  to  go  be- 
yond his  researches  on  this  subject,  as  they  are  exhaustive. 

"  For  one  feature  in  his  work  he  has  often  expressed  the 
greatest  satisfaction,  that  he  had  been  able  to  establish  for 
Dr.  Ephraim  McDowell  the  credit  of  being  the  first  ovarioto- 
mist.  In  consequence  of  his  labors,  the  world  has  at  length 
given  us  credit  for  this  great  discovery,  of  no  less  value  than 
many  others  which  we  can  claim  to  have  originated  in  our 
country,  for  the  prolongation  of  life  and  for  the  mitigation  of 
suffering. 

"  Dr.   Peaslee,  at  some  time  in  his  life,  had  lectured  on 


360  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

every  branch  of  Medical  science.  With  the  exception  of  Dr. 
Physic,  we  have  not  another  instance  where  the  lecturer  was 
equally  proficient  in  the  practice.  But  if  we  compare  the 
extent  of  professional  knowledge  in  Dr.  Physic's  generation 
and  the  acquirements  of  the  present  day,  Dr.  Peaslee  will 
stand  alone.  Notwithstanding  the  incessant  claims  of  his 
profession,  he  kept  up  through  life  his  collegiate  training  in 
the  classics,  his  taste  for  mathematics,  and  had  acquired  the 
knowledge  of  one  or  more  modern  languages.  Few  men  in 
the  profession  were  more  familiar  with  the  literature  of  our 
own  language." 

Dr.  W.  M.  Chamberlain,  who  had  rare  opportunities  for 
appreciating  the  character  and  worth  of  Dr.  Peaslee,  says  : 

"  The  call  for  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Peaslee's  professional  life  and 
work  will  be  abundantly  satisfied  by  the  recorded  tributes  of 
his  more  immediate  colleagues  and  associates,  Drs.  Barker, 
Thomas,  Emmet,  Flint,  and  others.  These  are  but  a  part  of 
the  testimony  which  after  his  death  came  from  far  and  near. 
Wherever  men  were  gathered  for  the  study  and  discussion  of 
medical  subjects  it  was  felt  that  a  fountain  of  knowledge  was 
closed,  a  leader  of  opinion  was  gone,  and  they  made  haste  to 
acknowledge  their  obligations  and  their  loss.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  many  such  organizations,  and  almost  uniformly  advanced 
to  the  front  rank  in  position. 

"  President  of  the  New  Hampshire  Medical  Society  ;  of  the 
New  York  County  Medical  Society ;  the  American  Gynae- 
cological Society ;  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine ;  the 
New  York  Pathological  Society  ;  the  New  York  Obstetrical 
Society  ;  the  New  Yprk  Medical  Journal  Association,  etc.,  etc., 
he  reaped  all  the  honors.  Yet  no  one  ever  thought  of  him 
as  a  seeker  of  office.  The  tribute  was  always  spontaneous, 
necessary  :  c  Palmam  qui  meruit  ferat ! ' 

"  And  these  honors  were  not  awarded  for  any  great  effort 
or  success  in  some  partial  field.  He  was  decorated  for  ser- 
vice in  each  specific  line,  as  Physician,  Surgeon,  Pathologist, 
Gynaecologist,  Bibliographer.  His  attainments  were  compre- 
hensive and  symmetrical. 

"  He  had  the  very  great  advantage  of  a  liberal  general  edu- 
cation. This  gave  him  his  broad  outlook  upon  all  depart- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  361 

ments  of  science.  He  had  by  nature  a  mathematical  and 
logical  habit  of  mind.  This  made  him  the  accurate  and  con> 
plete  student  that  he  was,  both  in  original  investigations  and 
literary  research.  At  the  outset  of  his  career  he  sought  the 
best  schools.  Just  then  (1840)  reigned  a  new  enthusiasm  in 
the  physical  and  experimental  study  of  the  MedicaJ.  Sciences 
at  Paris.  Laennec,  Andral,  Louis,  Malgaigne,  Velpeau,  and 
Bernard,  were  the  worthy  models  and  masters  of  the  young 
American. 

"  Thus  well-endowed,  well-grounded,  and  well-guided,  he 
entered  upon  a  life  of  professional  study,  which  he  pursued 
with  unremitting  ardor  and  diligence  even  to  the  end  of  life. 

"  It  would  seem  to  be  a  great  thing  to  say  of  any  man  that 
he  was  never  idle,  and  never  unprofitably  employed  ;  but  it 
might  be  more  justly  said  of  Dr.  Peaslee  than  of  any  other 
person  known  to  the  writer.  He  wasted  no  work.  His  con- 
clusions were  not  reached  by  intuition  or  guess,  but  slowly 
and  surely  elaborated,  exactly  formulated  and  classified,  so  as 
to  be  always  at  his  command. 

"  More  than  any  other  member  of  the  profession  known  to 
the  writer  did  he  illustrate  each  clause  of  Bacon's  category, 
that  '  Reading  maketh  the  full  man  ;  writing  the  exact  man  ; 
and  conversation  the  ready  man.' 

"  From  the  first  he  was  an  agreeable  and  satisfactory 
teacher,  year  by  year,  increasingly  so  ;  this  work  he  did  for 
thirty-six  years  ;  in  six  Medical  Colleges,  in  five  different  de- 
partments of  the  curriculum,  before  nearly  a  hundred  different 
classes  of  students.  Such  training,  such  practice,  made  him  a 
teacher  in  every  professional  circle.  In  societies  he  was  wont 
to  be  a  silent  and  often  apparently  an  abstracted  listener  until 
near  the  close  of  the  debate  ;  then  he  would  rise  and  review 
the  whole  subject  with  a  memory  so  comprehensive,  a  knowl- 
edge so  complete,  and  an  appreciation  so  judicial,  that  nothing 
more  remained  to  be  said.  His  books  and  monographs  for  the 
time  and  era  of  their  publication  were  standard,  and  will  al- 
ways remain  exceptionally  valuable.  Only  the  lapse  of  many 
years  may  antiquate  but  never  stale  his  elegant  work  on 
4  Ovarian  Tumors,'  of  which  one  of  his  most  famous  compeers 
has  said  that  he  would  4  rather  have  written  it  than  any  other 
medical  work  of  any  time  or  in  any  language.' 


362  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  In  his  personal  relations  to  the  members  of  the  profes- 
sion, Dr.  Peaslee  was  genial,  charitable,  and  just.  His  patients 
looked  to  him  in  perfect  confidence  and  respect,  personally  as 
well  as  professionally.  He  was  as  remarkable  for  the  diligent 
care  as  for  the  thorough  study  of  his  cases ;  and  at  every 
visit  he  dispensed  with  gentle  humor  the  best  medicines,  faith 
and  hope. 

44  From  youth  through  middle  life  he  passed  in  the  light  of 
growing  knowledge  ;  in  the  serenity  of  accomplished  duty ; 
in  the  prestige  of  gathering  fame  and  fortune  ;  and  he  died 
before  age  or  decay  had  limited  his  scope  of  life." 

Prof.  Peaslee  married  Martha  Thankful,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Stephen  Kendrick,  of  Lebanon,  N.  H.  He  died  in  New  York 
City,  January  21,  18T8. 

Reliable  sources  furnish  some  facts  regarding  another  gen- 
tleman long  and  honorably  connected  with  this  Department. 

PKOF.  ALBERT  SMITH,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born  in  Peter- 
borough, N.  H.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  in  1825, 
and  took  his  medical  degree  there,  in  1838.  He  was  early  suc- 
cessful as  a  practitioner,  and  before  middle  age  acquired  a 
high  reputation  as  a  medical  scholar  and  thinker. 

In  1849,  he  was  appointed  professor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics  in  the  Dartmouth  Medical  College,  where  he 
continued  to  lecture  till  his  resignation,  in  1870,  from  which 
time  until  his  death  he  was  professor  Emeritus.  In  1857,  he 
delivered  his  course  of  lectures  at  the  Vermont  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  also  the  course  at  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School,  in 
1859. 

The  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Dartmouth  College,  in  1870,  and  also  an  honorary  degree  of 
M.  D.  by  the  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  in  1875.  He 
was  also  an  honorary  member  of  the  New  York  Medical  So- 
ciety. As  a  medical  instructor  he  was  included  in  the  first 
rank  of  New  England  professors.  His  writings  also  gained 
him  a  wide  and  enviable  reputation.  Among  his  publications 
were  a  lecture  on  Hippocrates ;  also  one  on  Paracelsus,  and  a 
commemorative  Discourse  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Amos  Twitchell, 
besides  various  articles  in  the  medical  journals  and  in  the 
transactions  of  the  New  Hampshire  Medical  Society. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

With  high  professional  attainments  and  distinctions  Prof. 
Smith  united  a  personal  character  of  the  highest  purity,  in- 
tegrity, and  nobility.  He  had  been  for  a  long  time  a  member 
and  constant  attendant  upon  the  Unitarian  Church,  and  for 
thirty  years  a  Sunday-school  teacher.  He  was  a  strong  advo- 
cate of  temperance,  and  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  cause  of 
education.  He  represented  Peterborough,  his  place  of  resi- 
dence, in  the  Legislature  several  times.  He  devoted  the  spare 
hours  of  his  latest  years  to  the  preparation  of  a  "  History  of 
the  Town  of  Peterborough,"  which  was  published  in  a  large 
octavo  volume  in  1876.  He  married  Fidelia  Stearns,  February 
26,  1828.  Prof.  Smith  died  at  Peterborough,  February  22, 
1878. 

The  following  paragraphs  relating  to  one  of  Dartmouth's 
most  largely  endowed,  highly  cultivated,  and  warmly  beloved 
teachers,  Prof.  ALPHEUS  B.  CROSBY,  who  was  born  at  Gil- 
manton,  N.  H.,  February  22,  1832,  and  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
Dixi  and  Mary  Jane  (Moody)  Crosby,  are  from  a  Memorial 
"Discourse"  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Barstow : 

"  Seven  generations  of  tough  New  England  fibre,  combining 
sturdy  physique,  thorough  individuality  and  undiluted  com- 
mon sense,  form  a  groundwork  on  which  no  modern  youth 
need  hesitate  to  build,  while  the  mellow  background  of  a  vir- 
tuous lineage  well  prepares  the  canvas  for  whatever  of  high 
aim  and  noble  deed  shall  fill  up  the  fresher  foreground  of  his 
own  life's  picture. 

"  The  native  temperament  of  the  boy,  as  I  remember  him, 
showed  some  rare  combinations  and  counterpoises.  With  an 
exuberance  of  animal  spirits 'he  had,  also,  a  natural  balance  of 
caution.  He  was  ardent,  but  not  hasty ;  he  was  self  reliant 
and  fearless,  but  never  precipitate  ;  frank  and  affable,  though 
not  easily  won  by  a  stranger ;  fond  of  experiment,  but  also  in- 
tensely practical.  He  was  prompt  to  decide,  but  always  took 
time  for  detail,  and  pursued  perseveringly  to  the  end  what- 
ever engaged  his  attention  and  his  effort. 

"  His  constant  association  with  his  father,  and  with  his 
father's  friends,  made  the  boy  perfectly  at  home  in  the  office 
and  in  the  society  of  professional  men ;  and  almost  from  his 


364  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.       • 

cradle  he  was  accustomed  to  assist  in  minor  operations  and 
in  the  general  detail  of  a  student's  service.  Being  a  discreet 
lad,  he  often  accompanied  the  elder  Crosby  in  professional 
visits ;  and  thus  the  face  of  the  '  parvus  lulus,'  became,  early, 
as  familiar  as  that  of  the  4  pater  ^Eneas,'  and  grew,  later,  to 
be  as  welcome. 

"  When  chloroform  in  Surgery  was  first  introduced,  Dr. 
Dixi  Crosby  went  to  Boston  to  study  its  effects,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  surgeons  in  New  Hampshire  to  employ  it  in  his 
practice.  Young  Ben  was  then  a  school-boy  of  fifteen.  His 
father,  with  full  confidence  in  the  coolness  and  self  possession 
of  his  son,  at  once  commenced  training  him  as  an  assistant  for 
the  administration  of  the  anaesthetic  ;  teaching  him  to  watch 
the  pulse  and  respiration,  and  to  note  all  the  necessary  con- 
ditions for  its  safe  employment.  And  from  this  time,  even 
long  before  our  friend  commenced  the  systematic  study  of  his 
profession,  he  assisted  his  father,  and  administered  the  chloro- 
form in  many  important  operations,  sometimes  even  making 
long  journeys  for  the  purpose.  It  is  interesting  to  add,  also, 
that  in  all  the  years  of  their  practice  together,  and  in  all  their 
operations,  performed  under  the  use  of  chloroform,  there  never 
occurred  a  single  accident  from  its  administration. 

"  On  graduating  at  Dartmouth,  in  1853,  our  young  friend 
pursued  his  medical  studies  in  the  office  of  his  father.  He 
attended  lectures  both  at  Dartmouth  and  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  in  New  York  City,  and  served  for  one  year  as  in- 
terne in  the  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  at  Chelsea,  Massachusetts. 
With  the  exception  of  these  necessary  absences  from  home, 
he  gave  every  day  of  these  preparatory  years  to  the  assist- 
ance of  his  father  in  his  wide  and 'laborious  practice.  To  this 
course  he  was  stimulated  no  less  by  filial  ardor  than  by  his 
growing  professional  zeal. 

"  His  medical  degree  was  taken  at  Dartmouth,  in  1856,  and 
instead  of  beginning  to  practice,  we  may  say  that  he  contin- 
ued to  practice  with  his  father  in  Hanover,  going  in  and  out 
as  a  favorite,  both  with  patients  and  in  society. 

"  Immediately  on  receiving  his  medical  degree,  Dr.  Crosby 
was  appointed  demonstrator  of  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the 
Dartmouth  Medical  College,  an  office  which  he  ably  filled  for 
five  years. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  365 

"  At  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  in  1861,  he  was  appointed 
surgeon  of  the  first  regiment  New  Hampshire  Volunteers,  for 
three  months'  service.  This  being  concluded,  he  was  at  once 
commissioned  as  Brigade  Surgeon  of  U.  S.  Volunteers,  and 
soon  after  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Medical  Director,  serving 
as  such  on  the  staffs,  successively,  of  Generals  Stone,  Casey, 
Sedgwick,  and  Peck.  His  army  service  was  marked  by  the 
same  strong  individuality,  the  same  resolute  activity,  the  same 
executive  talent,  which  we  have  seen  stamped  upon  the  boy 
and  the  youth.  Added  to  all  those  other  qualities,  was  that 
same  genial  humanity  which  made  friends  of  every  one.  His 
brother  officers  trusted  him,  depended  upon  him,  and  loved 
him.  The  private  soldiers  idolized  him,  for  they  saw  his  quick 
and  constant  sympathy  for  them,  and  knew  that  his  large  and 
loving  heart  embraced  them  all  in  its  tender  care. 

"In  the  noble  record  of  his  army  service,  let  us  not 'forget, 
that  to  our  lamented  friend  belongs  the  credit  of  having  orig- 
inated and  erected  the  first  complete  military  hospital  on  the 
modern  4  pavilion  plan  '  that  was  built  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion. 

"  This  hospital  was  visited  and  admired  by  surgeons  through- 
out the  army,  as  a  model  of  complete  ventilation  and  drain- 
age. Its  plans  were  extensively  copied,  and  the  record  of  its 
usefulness  is  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. 

"  In  all  his  widening  range  of  work  and  of  social  activities 
says  Professor  Parker,  c  his  large  heart  seemed  as  incapable 
of  being  overloaded  with  friendships  as  it  was  inexhaustible  in 
its  overflowing  friendliness.  His  personal  magnetism  held 
fast  old  friends,  while  the  keen  points  of  his  magnetic  nature 
constantly  caught  new  affinities  and  drew  to  him  fresh  inti- 
macies.' 

"  In  the  autumn  of  1862,  he  was  appointed  adjunct  professor 
of  Surgery  in  Dartmouth,  and  from  that  time  forward  his 
honors,  literally,  outran  his  years. 

"  The  number  of  his  appointments  to  professional  chairs  in 
different  institutions,  is  something  beyond  precedent  in  the 
history  of  any  young  American  practitioner. 

"  In  1865,  he  was  invited  to  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the 


366  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

University  of  Vermont,  and  in  the  same  year  to  a  similar  chair 
in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

"  Both  these  positions  he  accepted,  and  ably  filled  for  sev- 
eral years. 

"  In  1870,  on  the  resignation  of  his  honored  father  at  the 
age  of  threescore  and  ten,  Dr.  Ben  was  at  once  called  to  the 
chair  of  Surgery  in  Dartmouth,  and  entered  upon  its  duties, 
still  continuing  to  perform  full  duty  in  both  his  other  profes- 
sorships. He  also  delivered  a  course  of  surgical  lectures  in 
Bowdoin  College,  •  Maine,  during  the  same  year. 

"  In  1871,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Surgical  professor 
in  the  Long  Island  Medical  College,  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn, 
which  he  accepted,  together  with  the  post  of  visiting  surgeon 
in  the  hospital  to  which  the  college  was  attached.  His  work 
during  this  period  was  extremely  arduous,  but  was  performed 
with  the  utmost  ability  and  credit. 

"  In  1872,  he  was  invited  to  a  professorship  in  the  New  York 
University,  and  also  to  another  (that  of  Surgical  Anatomy)  in 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  in  New  York  City.  The 
former  of  these  he  declined,  but  he  accepted  the  latter  and 
retained  it  until  his  death. 

"  In  1873,  Dr.  Crosby  was  invited  by  the  Trustees  of  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  to  accept  the  chair  of 
Anatomy,  on  the  resignation  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  Pan- 
coast. 

"  This,  though  not  accepted,  may  be  reckoned  the  crowning 
honor  in  his  wreath  of  professional  laurels." 

For  all  the  qualities  which  distinguish  the  model  physician, 
surgeon,  teacher,  and  companion,  few  names,  in  all  the  annals 
of  Medicine,  stand  higher  than  that  of  ALPHEUS  BENNING 
CKOSBY. 

Professor  Crosby  married  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  Mildred  Glas- 
sell,  daughter  of  Dr.  Wm.  R.  Smith.  He  died  at  Hanover, 
August  9, 1877. 

In  closing  this  record  the  valuable  services  of  Parsons,  Del- 
amater,  Bartlett,  Holmes,  Hubbard,  Roby,  Williams,  Phelps, 
Field,  How,  and  Frost  should  not  escape  our  notice. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

THE  CHANDLER  SCIENTIFIC  DEPARTMENT.  —  THE  AGRICUL- 
TURAL DEPARTMENT.  —  THE  THAYER  DEPARTMENT  OF 
CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 

THE  following  account  of  the  Chandler  Scientific  Depart- 
ment of  the  college  is  from  the  pen  of  Professor  Ruggles  and 
other  authentic  sources. 

The  building  formerly  occupied  by  Moor's  Charity  School 
is  now  occupied  by  this  Department. 

Extracts  from  Mr.  Chandler's  will  give  us  an  idea  of  the 
department  of  instruction  which  he  wished  to  establish. 

"  I  give  and  devise  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  .... 
for  the  establishment  and  support  of  a  permanent  department 
or  school  of  instruction  in  the  college,  in  the  practical  and  use- 
ful arts  of  life,  comprised  chiefly  in  the  branches  of  Mechan- 
ics and  Civil  Engineering,  the  Invention  and  Manufacture 
of  Machinery,  Carpentry,  Masonry,  Architecture  and  Draw- 
ing, the  Investigation  of  the  properties  and  uses  of  the  Mate- 
rials employed  in  the  Arts,  the  Modern  Languages  and  Eng- 
lish Literature,  together  with  Book-keeping,  and  such  other 
branches  of  knowledge  as  may  best  qualify  young  persons  for 
the  duties  and  employments  of  active  life  ;  but,  first  of  all 
and  above  all,  I  would  enjoin  in  connection  with  the  above 
branches,  the  careful  inculcation  of  the  principles  of  pure 
morality,  piety,  and  religion,  without  introducing  topics  of 
controversial  theology,  that  the  benefits  of  said  department 
or  school  may  be  equally  enjoyed  by  all  religious  denomina- 
tions without  distinction 

"  To  the  end  that  my  wishes  in  respect  to  the  foregoing  leg- 
acy may  be  observed,  I  do  hereby  constitute  a  perpetual  Board 
of  Visitors,  consisting  of  two  persons,  who  shall,  during  the 


368  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

term  of  their  respective  lives,  visit  the  said  department  or 
school  as  often  as  they  shall  deem  it  necessary  and  advisable 
to  do  so,  and  at  least  once  in  each  year  one  or  both  of  said 
Visitors  shall  examine  the  condition  of  its  funds,  and  the 
management  and  disposition  of  the  same,  as  well  as  the  man- 
agement of  the  said  department  or  school  generally 

"  The  said  Board  of  Visitors  shall  have  full  power  to  deter- 
mine, interpret,  and  explain  my  wishes  in  respect  to  this 
foundation ;  to  redress  grievances,  both  with  respect  to  pro- 
fessors and  students ;  to  hear  appeals  from  the  decisions  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  to  provide  remedy  upon  complaint 
duly  exhibited  in  behalf  of  the  professors  or  students ;  to  re- 
view and  reverse  any  censure  passed  by  said  Trustees  upon 
any  professor  or  student  on  this  foundation  ;  to  declare  void 
all  rules  and  regulations  made  by  said  Trustees  relative  to  this 
foundation,  which  in  their  opinion  may  be  inconsistent  with 
my  wishes  as  herein  expressed,  or  improper  or  injudicious  ;  to 
take  care  that  the  duties  of  every  professor  or  other  officer 
on  this  foundation  be  intelligently  and  faithfully  discharged, 
and  to  admonish  or  remove  such  professor  or  officer  either  for 
misbehavior,  incapacity,  or  neglect  of  the  duties  of  his  office  ; 
to  examine  into  the  proficiency  of  the  students,  and  to  ad- 
monish, dismiss,  or  suspend  any  student  for  negligence,  con- 
tumacy or  crime,  or  disobedience  to  the  rules  hereafter  to  be 
established  for  the  government  of  said  school  or  department ; 
and  to  see  that  my  true  intentions  in  regard  to  this  founda- 
tion be  faithfully  executed. 

"  And  in  order  that  said  Board  of  Visitors  may  not  be  lim- 
ited in  their  powers  by  the  foregoing  recital,  I  further  confer 
upon  the  said  Board  of  Visitors  all  the  visitatorial  powers  and 
privileges,  which,  by  the  law  of  the  land,  belong  and  are  in- 
trusted to  any  Visitor  of  any  eleemosynary  corporation 

"  As  I  have  perfect  confidence  in  the  integrity  and  ability  of 
my  two  esteemed  friends,  John  J.  Dixwell  and  Francis  B. 
Hayes,  both  of  Boston,  aforesaid,  and  as  I  know  their  capac- 
ity to  perform  what  I  desire  they  should  do  under  this  pro- 
viso of  my  will,  I  constitute  and  appoint  them  to  be  the  first 
Board  of  Visitors." 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  369 

The  committee  appointed  to  draw  up  the  plan  for  the  or- 
ganization of  the  school  consisted  of  Rev.  Dr.  Nathan  Lord, 
Hon.  Joel  Parker,  and  Edmund  Parker,  Esq. 

No  special  meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  called,  as  had  been 
contemplated,  and  the  committee  made  their  report  at  the 
regular  meeting,  July  26,  1852,  and  on  the  next  day  the  fol- 
lowing statutes  were  adopted : 

"  ARTICLE  I.  In  accordance  with  the  will  of  the  late  Abiel 
Chandler,  Esq.,  "  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  by  this 
and  the  following  statutes,  constitute  and  organize  a  school  of 
instruction  in  connection  with  the  college  and  as  a  department 
thereof,  and  the  said  school  is  denominated  '  The  Chandler 
School  of  Science  and  the  Arts.' 

"  ARTICLE  II.  The  school  shall  consist  of  two  departments, 
Junior  and  Senior.  These  departments  shall  be  conducted 
respectively  by  such  officers  and  according  to  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  the  Trustees  shall  from  time  to  time  appoint 
and  ordain,  with  the  advice  and  approval  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors,  and  in  subjection  always  to  the  will  of  the  Founder. 

"  ARTICLE  III.  In  the  Junior  department  of  the  school,  in- 
struction shall  be  given  in  the  English  language,  in  Arith- 
metic and  Algebra,  in  Book-keeping,  Physical  Geography, 
Linear  Drawing,  Geometry,  Physiology,  Botany,  Graphics 
and  use  of  Instruments,  and  in  such  other  elementary  studies 
as  may  be  necessary  to  qualify  students  for  the  Senior  de- 
partment. 

"ARTICLE  IV.  The  Senior  department  shall  comprise  the 
branches  of  Mechanics  and  Civil  Engineering,  the  Invention 
and  Manufacture  of  Machinery,  Carpentery,  Masonry,  Archi- 
tecture and  Drawing ;  the  Investigation  of  the  Properties  and 
Uses  of  the  Materials  employed  in  the  Arts,  the  Modern  Lan- 
guages and  English  Literature,  together  with  Book-keeping 
and  such  other  branches  of  knowledge  as  may  best  qualify 
young  persons  for  the  duties  and  employments  of  active  life, 
according  to  the  will  and  injunction  of  the  Founder. 

"  ARTICLE  VII.  The  term  of  study  in  the  Junior  depart- 
ment shall  be  one  year,  and  in  the  Senior  department  two 
years. 

"  ARTICLE  VIII.  All  students  who  shall  have  been  admit- 

24 


370  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

ted  to  the  Senior  department  and  sustained  a  satisfactory  ex- 
amination at  the  end  of  the  course  before  a  committee  of 
gentlemen  from  abroad  appointed  by  the  Faculty,  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science." 

Hon.  John  Kelley  and  Samuel  Fletcher,  Esq.,  having  been 
appointed  a  committee  to  consider  the  question  of  opening  the 
school,  made  the  following  report : 

"  The  Chandler  Fund  appears  to  be  safely  invested  and 
productive.  It  is  therefore  recommended,  the  school  shall  be 
opened  for  instruction  at  the  commencement  of  the  next  Col- 
lege Term,  and  more  fully  organized  as  soon  as  a  sufficient 
number  of  students  shall  offer  themselves  for  admission.  But 
as  an  experiment  is  to  be  made,  it  is  not  expedient  to  appoint 
professors  and  other  teachers,  until  experience  shall  prove 
what  teachers  shall  be  required.  In  the  mean  time  it  is  rec- 
ommended that  examination  of  students  presenting  them- 
selves for  admission  to  the  school  be  made  by  some  member, 
or  members  of  the  Faculty,  by  the  direction  of  the  President, 
and  that  the  Faculty  be  a  committee  to  make  suitable  pro- 
vision for  rooms  and  instruction  until  further  orders  of  this 
Board." 

The  following  resolution  was  then  passed  : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Chandler  School  be  opened  at  the 
commencement  of  the  next  College  Term." 

We  give  the  following  extracts  from  the  By-laws  which 
were  drawn  up  by  Hon.  Joel  Parker,  and  Rev.  Silas  Aiken, 
D.  D.,  of  Rutland,  Vt. : 

"  VACATIONS.  —  In  the  Senior  department  the  terms  and 
vacations  shall  be  coincident  with  the  terms  and  vacations  in 
the  academical  department  of  the  college.  In  the  Junior 
department  there  shall  be  four  vacations,  one  of  four  weeks, 
from  Commencement,  one  of  two  weeks  in  the  winter,  and 
one  in  the  spring  and  autumn  of  one  week  each. 

u  TUITION.  —  Every  student  in  the  Senior  department  shall 
be  charged  ten  dollars  each  term,  or  thirty  dollars  for  the 
year,  including  all  necessary  incidentals.  In  the  Junior  de- 
partment the  tuition  shall  be  twenty  dollars  for  the  year,  or 
five  dollars  for  each  term.  The  bill  of  every  term  shall  be 
paid  in  advance,  and  no  student  shall  be  permitted  to "  go 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  871 

on  with  his  class  without  an  exact  compliance  with  this 
statute. 

"  GOVERNMENT.  —  In  other  respects  the  government  of  the 
Chandler  School  shall  be  administered  according  to  the  By- 
laws of  the  college,  as  now  established,  so  far  as  those  laws 
may  be  applicable  ;  and  until  the  wants  of  the  School  may  be 
more  definitely  ascertained,  the  regulation  thereof  in  things 
not  otherwise  provided  for  is  submitted  to  the  discretion  of 
the  College  Faculty." 

In  the  autumn  of  1852,  the  school  was  organized,  and 
seventeen  students  admitted,  two  to  the  Senior  and  fifteen  to 
the  Junior  class.  James  W.  Patterson,  who  was  a  student  in 
the  theological  school  at  New  Haven,  was  elected  tutor,  and 
the  new  institution  placed  in  his  charge.  In  July,  1854,  Mr. 
Patterson  was  elected  Chandler  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
and  during  the  college  years  1852—53,  and  1853—54,  in  addition 
to  the  general  management,  gave  nearly  all  the  instruction  in 
the  Chandler  School,  at  the  same  time  discharged  the  duties 
of  a  tutor  of  Latin  in  the  college  proper.  In  1854,  the  first 
class,  consisting  of  four  members,  was  graduated. 

On  the  death  of  Professor  Stephen  Chase,  in  1851,  John  S. 
Woodman  had  succeeded  to  the  chair  of  Mathematics.  In 
1855,  Professor  Woodman  resigned,  to  enter  on  the  practice 
of  law  in  Boston,  and  Mr.  Patterson  was  elected  in  his  place. 
During  the  next  year  he  continued  at  the  head  of  the  Chand- 
ler School,  and  gave  the  instruction  in  Mathematics,  and 
allied  branches,  in  addition  to  his  duties  as  professor  of  Math- 
ematics in  the  Academic  Department. 

In  1856,  Professor  Woodman  was  appointed  professor  of 
Civil  Engineering,  and  succeeded  Professor  Patterson  in  the 
care  of  the  Chandler  School,  in  which  from  its  opening  he 
had  given  some  instruction.  This  position  he  held  until  1870, 
when  he  was  forced  to  resign  on  account  of  failing  health,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Professor  Edward  R.  Ruggles,  who  had  oc- 
cupied the  chair  of  Modern  Languages  and  English  Literature 
since  1866.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
in  1857,  it  was  voted  that,  "  The  regular  course  of  study  in 
the  Chandler  School  of  Science  and  the  Arts,  from  the  pres- 
ent time,  shall  comprise  a  term  of  four  years." 


372  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

In  1862  the  name  Chandler  School  of  Science  and  the  Arts 
was  changed  to  Chandler  Scientific  Department  of  Dartmouth 
College. 

The  character  and  usefulness  pf  the  Scientific  Department, 
from  its  foundation  to  the  present  time,  may  best  be  learned 
by  studying  the  career  of  its  graduates  in  successive  classes. 
It  will  be  observed,  that  the  first  class  of  this  school  grad- 
uated less  than  twenty- five  years  since,  and  yet  in  that  brief 
period,  its  sons  have  made  for  it  an  honorable  record ;  a  rec- 
ord which  should  bring  to  it  patronage  and  impart  to  its 
students  a  spirit  of  scholarly  pride  and  emulation.  It  might 
not  be  deemed  proper  to  go  into  a  detailed  account  of  the 
labors  and  successes  of  individuals  among  its  living  graduates, 
but  it  is  only  fair  to  this  comparatively  youthful  department 
of  the  college,  to  say  that  as  lawyers,  teachers,  scientists,  en- 
gineers, architects,  and  in  other  spheres  of  practical  science, 
its  sons  have  made  for  themselves  a  wide  and  enviable  reputa- 
tion. The  age  demands  that  its  institutions  of  learning  shall 
impart  a  scholarship  that  will  bring  the  forces  of  nature  under 
the  control  of  man,  and  render  the  student  more  efficient  in 
all  the  industries  and  business  enterprises  of  the  time. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  Scientific  Department  of 
Dartmouth  is  organized  to  meet  this  demand,  and  is  in  full 
and  intelligent  sympathy  with  the  wants  of  modern  society. 
From  the  first  its  teachers  have  been  able  and  untiring  in 
their  devotion  to  its  permanent  prosperity  and  welfare,  and 
its  success  has  justified  their  efforts  and  zeal. 

AGRICULTURAL   DEPARTMENT. 

The  New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Me- 
chanic Arts  was  established  by  an  act  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1866.  We  give  the  act  as  recorded  in  the  Revised  Statutes : 

"  SECTION  1.  A  college  is  established  and  made  a  body  pol- 
itic and  corporate,  by  the  name  of  the  New  Hampshire  Col- 
lege of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  whose  leading 
object  is,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classical  stud- 
ies, and  including  military  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of 
learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts, 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  •  373 

in  conformity  to  an  act  of  Congress  entitled  '  An  act  donat- 
ing land  to  the  several  States  and  Territories,  which  "may 
provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the  me- 
chanic arts,  approved  July  2,  1862 ;'  and  by  that  name  may 
sue  and  be  sued,  prosecute  and  defend  to  final  judgment  and 
execution,  and  is  vested  with  all  the  powers  and  privileges, 
and  subject  to  all  the  liabilities,  incident  to  corporations  of  a 
similar  nature. 

"  SECT.  2.  The  general  government  of  the  college  is  vested 
in  nine  Trustees,  five  of  whom  shall  be  appointed,  one  from 
each  councillor  district,  and  commissioned  by  the  Governor, 
with  advice  of  the  council,  and  four-by  the  Trustees  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  so  classified  and  commissioned  that  the  offices 
of  three  shall  become  vacant  annually  ;  any  vacancy  occurring 
shall  be  filled  by  the  authority  which  made  the  original  ap- 
pointment. 

"  SECT.  3.  The  Trustees  shall  appoint  a  secretary,  who  shall 
be  sworn,  and  keep  a  fair  and  full  record  of  their  proceedings ; 
and  a  treasurer,  who  shall  give  bond  for  the  faithful  discharge 
of  his  duties,  in  such  sum  as  the  Trustees  may  require,  and 
shall  receive  such  compensation  for  his  services  as  they  may 
deem  reasonable.  They  shall  also  appoint  a  Faculty  of  instruc- 
tion, prescribe  their  duties,  and  invest  them  with  such  powers 
for  the  immediate  government  and  management  of  the  insti- 
tution as  they  may  deem  most  conducive  to  its  best  interests. 

"  SECT.  4.  No  Trustee  shall  receive  any  compensation  for 
his  services;  but  expenses  reasonably  incurred  by  him  shall 
be  paid  by  the  college. 

"  SECT.  5.  The  Trustees  shall,  on  or  before  the  twentieth 
day  of  May,  annually,  make  report  to  the  legislature  of  the 
financial  condition,  operations,  and  progress  of  the  college, 
recording  such  improvements  and  experiments  made,  with 
their  cost  and  results,  including  State,  industrial,  and  eco- 
nomical statistics,  as  may  be  supposed  useful;  one  copy  of 
which  shall  be  transmitted  to  each  college  endowed  under  the 
provisions  of  the  aforesaid  act  of  Congress,  and  one  copy  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

"  SECT.  6.  The  Trustees  are  authorized  and  empowered  to 
locate  and  establish  the  college  at  Hanover,  in  connection  with 


374  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Dartmouth  College,  and,  with  that  Corporation,  to  make  all 
necessary  contracts  relative  to  the  terms  of  connection,  subject 
to  be  terminated  upon  a  notice  of  one  year,  given  at  any  time 
after  fourteen  years,  and  in  relation  to  its  furnishing  to  the 
college  the  free  use  of  an  experimental  farm,  all  requisite 
buildings,  the  libraries,  laboratories,  apparatus,  and  museums 
of  said  Dartmouth  College,  and  for  supplying  such  instruction, 
in  addition  to  that  furnished  by  its  professors  and  teachers,  as 
the  best  interests  of  its  students  may  require ;  and  also  as  to 
any  legacy  said  Dartmouth  College  may  receive  from  the 
estate  of  David  Culver.  Said  Trustees  are  also  directed  to 
furnish,  so  far  as  may  .be  practicable,  free  tuition  to  indigent 
students,  and  to  make  provision  for  the  delivery  of  free  lec- 
tures in  different  parts  of  the  State  upon  subjects  pertaining 
to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts. 

"  SECT.  7.  All  funds  derived  from  the  sale  of  land  scrip 
issued  to  the  State  by  the  United  States,  in  pursuance  of  the 
act  of  Congress  aforesaid,  shall  be  invested  in  registered  bonds 
of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  be  delivered 
to  the  State  treasurer,  who  shall  have  the  custody  of  the  same, 
and  pay  over  the  income  thereof,  as  it  may  accrue,  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  college." 

The  great  work  of  securing  the  requisite  funds,  and  laying 
foundations  for  this  by  no  means  unimportant  Department, 
was  committed  to  the  late  Professor  EZEKIEL  W.  DIMOND. 
His  early  experience  in  affairs  gave  him  peculiar  fitness  for 
this  service.  Whether  occupied  in  interviewing  legislators 
and  capitalists,  or  in  the  planning  and  erection  of  edifices,  he 
labored  in  season  and  out  of  season  for  the  accomplishment  of 
his  task,  and  with  large  success.  When  the  Department  went 
into  operation  he  was  one  of  its  principal  teachers,  and  in  this 
sphere  he  left  upon  his  pupils  the  impress  of  a  well-read  chem- 
ist and  a  devotee  to  his  profession.  To  his  efforts,  probably 
more  than  to  those  of  any  other  single  individual,  is  New 
Hampshire  indebted  for  whatever  of  success  has  been  attained 
in  this  department.  Indeed,  should  the  Agricultural  College 
leave  its  stamp  upon  the  "  steep  and  sterile  hillsides/'  or  the 
more  prolific  valleys  of  the  Granite  State,  as  it  is  devoutly 
to  be  hoped  that  in  process  of  time  it  may,  no  name  probably 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  375 

will  be  so  familiarly  associated  with  the  history  of  its  early 
struggles  for  existence  as  that  of  DIMOND. 

Nor  were  Professor  Dimond's  services  to  science  limited 
to  this  department  of  the  College. 

In  the  Academical  and  Scientific  departments  his  name 
appears  in  the  list  of  zealous,  painstaking  teachers. 

Professor  Dimond's  death  in  1876,  while  yet  apparently 
upon  the  threshold  of  a  work  to  which  he  gave  Ms  life,  was 
a  public  loss. 

Of  Professor  THOMAS  R.  CKOSBY,  Professor  Quimby  says : 

"  Entering  college  in  1839,  in  the  Sophomore  class,  he  be- 
stowed faithful  labor  on  the  whole  course,  while  at  the  same 
time  he  did  not  forget  his  favorite  studies  of  Medicine  and 
Natural  History.  Pursuing  these  in  his  leisure  hours,  he 
was  fitted  to  take  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  M.  D.  at  the  same 
time,  in  1841.  With  this  preparation  he  entered  at  once 
upon  the  practice  of  medicine  as  his  life-work,  first  at  Camp- 
ton,  afterward  at  Hartford,  Vt.,  Meriden,  and  Manchester. 
He  was  one  of  the  active  men  in  originating  the  Hillsborough 
Agricultural  Society.  He  had  a  hand  in  organizing  the  State 
Society,  and  in  preparing  the  first  volume  of  the  Society's 
Transactions.  Nearly  at  the  same  time  the  above  society  was 
originated,  the  publication  of  the  "  Granite  Farmer "  was 
commenced,  and  Dr.  Crosby  was  employed  to  edit  it,  in  which 
position  he  did  well.  He  was  for  a  time  city  physician  of 
Manchester,  and  came  near  being  elected  its  mayor.  His 
health  having  failed  in  some  measure,  he  removed  to  Norwich, 
Vt.,  the  home  of  his  wife's  family.  For  ten  years  he  lived 
in  Norwich  and  Hanover,  engaged  in  such  teaching  and  prac- 
tice and  study  as  his  health  would  permit.  When  our  coun- 
try called  for  aid  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion  he  believed 
it  his  duty  to  consecrate  his  knowledge  of  Medicine  and  skill 
in  Surgery  to  her,  and  to  the  noble  men  who  exposed  them- 
selves to  sickness  and  wounds  in  her  cause.  Upon  entering 
the  service  he  was  immediately  put  in  charge  of  the  Colum- 
bian College  Hospital,  in  Washington.  He  assumed  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  the  position  with  the  determination  that  the 
men  who  came  under  his  charge  '  should  have  their  rights,' 
and  faithfully  did  he  carry  into  execution  his  purpose.  He 


376  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

remained  in  charge  of  this  Hospital  until  after  the  close  of  the 
war  and  the  sick  and  wounded  were  able  to  be  transferred  to 
their  homes.  The  next  year  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
General  and  Military  Surgery  and  Hygiene  in  the  National 
Medical  College,  it  being  the  Medical  Department  of  Colum- 
bian College,  which  position  he  filled  until  1870.  On  the 
opening  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  here,  an  institution 
in  which  he  was  particularly  interested,  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  Animal  and  Vegetable  Physiology,  in  which,  and 
in  Natural  History  in  the  Academic  Department,  he  taught 
almost  literally  till  the  day  of  his  decease.  When  unable 
to  meet  his  classes  in  their  recitation-room  he  received  them 
in  his  own  study,  and  there  heard  their  recitations,  the  last 
less  than  forty-eight  hours  before  his  death.  Thus  he  fell 
4  with  the  harness  on.' " 

THAYER,   SCHOOL   OF   CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 

Of  this  department  Professor  Fletcher  says : 
"  Between  the  years  1867  and  1871,  General  Sylvanus 
Thayer,  of  Braintree,  Massachusetts,  by  donations  amounting 
in  the  aggregate  to  seventy  thousand  dollars,  made  provision 
for  establishing  in  connection  with  the  college  a  special  course 
of  instruction  in  Civil  Engineering.  '  The  venerable  donor, 
himself  a  distinguished  officer  of  the  U.  S.  Corps  of  Engineers, 
was  moved  to  this  munificence,  not  only  by  a  regard  for  his 
Alma  Mater,  but  also  by  a  desire  to  provide  for  young  men 
possessing  requisite  ability  a  thorough  and  exclusively  pro- 
fessional training.' 

"  The  school  was  organized  during  the  winter  and  spring 
of  1871,  by  Professor  Robert  Fletcher,  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  General  Thayer.  The  general  character  and  aim 
of  the  course  are  indicated  by  the  following  quotation  from 
the  Instrument  of  Gift :  'The  requisites  for  admission  to  the 
school  shall  be  of  a  high  order,  embracing  such  studies,  at 
least,  as  are  specified  in  a  paper  to  be  hereto  appended,  called 
4  Programme  A,'  bearing  my  signature,  which  programme 
shall  be  regarded  as  an  absolute  minimum,  and  which  may, 
in  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of  Overseers,  created  by  the 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  377 

5th  article  of  this  Instrument,  be  extended,  but  not  dimin- 
ished or  contracted  in  the  least  degree.' 

"  c  2.  The  course  of  study  shall  extend  through  at  least  two 
years,  and  the  duration  of  the  course  may  be  further  extended 
so  as  to  include  another  half  year,  should  three  or  more 
members  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  judge,  after  a  fair  trial 
of  the  two  years'  course,  such  further  extension  to  be  ex- 
pedient. The  studies  and  instruction  of  each  year  shall 
extend  continuously  from  September  first  to  July  first  fol- 
lowing.' ': 

"  Instruction  was  begun  to  a  regular  class  of  the  engineer- 
ing course,  September,  1871.  During  the  preceding  months 
of  the  year  preparatory  instruction  had  been  given.  From 
1871  to  1873,  a  preparatory  course  of  two  years  was  contem- 
plated, and  during  the  year  1872-3  was  maintained  in  con- 
nection with  the  higher  course.  Meanwhile  the  detailed 
statement  of  requisites  for  admission,  styled  '  Programme  A,' 
was  prepared  by  Professor  Fletcher,  under  supervision  of 
General  Thayer,  and  with  the  aid  of  several  professors  emi- 
nent in  the  various  subjects  which  it  includes.  These  require- 
ments embrace  all  the  branches  of  a  common  school  education, 
a  full  course  of  pure  Mathematics  and  a  thorough  course  in 
Physics,  including  theoretical  Chemistry  and  Astronomy.  The 
high  standard  thus  established  justified  the  following  an- 
nouncement in  the  College  '  Catalogue.'  c  The  department  is 
to  be  essentially,  though  not  formally,  post-graduate.  The 
course  of  study  is  to  be  of  the  highest  order,  passing  beyond 
what  is  possible  in  institutions  for  general  culture,  and  is  de- 
signed to  prepare  the  capable  and  faithful  student  for  respon- 
sible positions  and  difficult  service.'  It  was  intended  that  the 
Preparatory  Department  should  provide  instruction  in  the 
subjects  embraced  in  '  Programme  A.' 

"  The  decease  of  General  Thayer  in  October,  1872,  deprived 
the  School  of  his  personal  supervision.  The  general  direction 
of  its  affairs  then  devolved  on  the  Board  of  Overseers  consti- 
tuted by  his  Instrument  of  Gift  and  appointed  by  himself. 
At  that  time  the  Board  consisted  of  Rev.  A.  D.  Smith,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  president  of  Dartmouth  College,  Prof.  O.  P.  Hub- 


378  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

bard  of  New  Haven,  formerly  at  Dartmouth  College,  Prof. 
George  L.  Andrews,  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  Gen. 
John  C.  Palfrey,  C.  E.,  of  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  and  Prof. 
P.  S.  Michie,  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy.  The  last 
three  gentlemen  had  been  officers  in  the  U.  S.  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers. 

"  At  its  first  meeting  in  May,  1873,  the  Board  decided  that 
it  would  not  be  expedient  for  some  time  to  come  to  maintain 
such  an  auxiliary  as  a  Preparatory  Department.  It  was  found 
that  the  limited  means  provided  by  the  founder  would  allow 
the  attainment  of  his  high  ideal  only  by  working  within  com- 
paratively narrow  limits.  Without  attempting  to  cover  too 
broad  a  field,  a  high  standard  and  thorough  work  were  to  be 
essential  features  of  the  course. 

"  The  Board  of  Overseers  holds  a  meeting  at  Dartmouth 
College  annually,  when  it  examines  carefully  into  the  work- 
ing of  the  school,  its  financial  condition,  etc.,  and  adopts  any 
measures  promising  to  effect  improvement  and  secure  greater 
efficiency,  according  to  the  powers  conferred  upon  it  by  the 
Instrument  of  Gift.  The  Board  also  examines  the  students 
and  recommends  such  members  of  the  first  class  as  it  finds  to 
be  qualified,  to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  for  the 
degree  of  Civil  Engineer. 

"  The  first  class  which  completed  the  two  years'  course 
graduated  in  1873.  The  class  of  1877  was  the  fifth  sent  out 
by  the  school.  At  that  time  the  whole  number  of  graduates 
was  thirteen.  There  had  been,  besides,  two  who  left  for  pro- 
fessional engagements  after  the  first  year  of  study.  The 
graduates  have  nearly  all  obtained  honorable  positions  in  the 
line  of  the  profession  soon  after  graduation,  with  fair  pros- 
pects for  distinction. 

"  The  nature  of  the  course  is  such  that  a  large  corps  of  in- 
structors is  not  required.  Careful  training  and  drill  in  essen- 
tial and  fundamental  branches  is  the  aim.  Considerable  time 
is  devoted  to  out-door  practice  but  without  attempt  to  make 
experts  in  any  direction.  Accordingly,  temporary  employment 
in  a  professional  line  is  allowed  at  proper  times,  such  as  will 
conduce  to  the  student's  improvement  and  be  more  or  less  re- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  379 

niunerative.  Thus  it  is  expected  that  the  student  will  be  fitted 
to  advance  rapidly  and  successfully  in  any  '  specialty '  to 
which  he  may  subsequently  devote  his  efforts. 

"  The  school  is  now  hardly  in  full  operation,  as  some 
features  about  the  course  are  still  experimental.  It  has  its 
history  yet  to  make.*" 


380  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


CHAPTER   XXIX. 

BENEFACTORS.  —  TRUSTEES. 

FROM  various  authentic  sources  we  have  the  following 
sketches  of  Dartmouth's  leading  benefactors,  always  except- 
ing the  last  Royal  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  John  Went- 
worth,  whose  care  for  all  the  interests  of  the  Province  is  a 
matter  of  enduring  record.  Of  the  distinguished  person  in 
honor  of  whom  the  College  was  named,  the  following  account, 
published  in  1779,  is  from  "  Collins'  Peerage  "  : 

"  William,  the  present  and  Second  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  for 
his  more  polite  education,  traveled  through  France,  Italy,  and 
Germany  ;  and,  on  his  return  to  England,  took  the  oaths,  and 
his  seat  in  the  House  of  Peers,  on  May  31,  1754.  His  Lord- 
ship was  sworn  of  His  Majesty's  Privy  Council  on  July  26, 
1765  ;  in  August  following  he  was  appointed  first  Commis- 
sioner of  Trade  and  Plantations,  which  he  resigned  in  1766  ; 
in  August,  1772,  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  the 
Colonies ;  and  on  November  10,  1775,  Keeper  o£  the  Privy 
Seal. 

"  His  Lordship  married,  on  January  11, 1755,  Frances  Cath- 
arine, only  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Charles  Gunter  Nicholl, 
Knight  of  the  Bath ;  and  by  her  had  issue  eight  sons  and  one 
daughter. 

"  His  Lordship  is  also  President  of  the  London  Dispensary ; 
Vice-President  of  the  Foundling  and  Lock  Hospitals  ;  Re- 
corder of  Litchfield  ;  LL.  D.,  and  F.  R.  S." 

The  armorial  inscription  is  : 

"  GAUDET  TENTAMIKE  VIRTUS." 

Forbes'  Life  of  Dr.  Beattie  gives  the  following  interesting 
paragraph : 

"  His  Majesty  (George  III.)  asked  what  I  thought  of  my 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE.  381 

new  acquaintance,  Lord  Dartmouth.  I  said,  there  was  some- 
thing in  his  air  and  manner  which  seemed  to  me  not  only 
agreeable,  but  very  enchanting,  and  that  he  seemed  to  me  to 
be  one  of  the  best  of  men ;  a  sentiment  in  which  both  their 
majesties  heartily  joined.  4  They  say  that  Lord  Dartmouth 
is  an  enthusiast,'  said  the  king,  *  but  surely  he  says  nothing 
on  the  subject  of  religion  but  what  every  one  may  and  ought 
to  say  on  the  subject  of  religion.'  " 

Of  JOHN  THORNTON,  the  devout  Episcopalian,  the  kinsman 
of  Wilberforce,  and  the  most  munificent  of  Dartmouth's 
early  benefactors,  almost  the  sole  supporter  of  the  founder  for 
several  years,  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  in  a  memorial  "  Discourse" 
says: 

"  It  is  worthy  of  observation,  that  this  friend  of  mankind, 
in  the  exercise  of  his  beneficence,  not  only  contributed  his 
money  (which  often  is  done  to  very  little  purpose)  but  he 
devoted  his  time  and  thoughts  very  much  to  the  same  object ; 
doing  good  was  the  great  business  of  his  life,  and  may  more 
properly  be  said  to  have  been  his  occupation,  than  even  his 
mercantile  engagements,  which  were  uniformly  considered  as 
subservient  to  that  nobler  design. 

"  To  form  and  execute  plans  of  usefulness  ;  to  superintend, 
arrange,  and  improve  upon  those  plans  ;  to  lay  aside  such  as 
did  not  answer,  and  to  substitute  others ;  to  form  acquaint- 
ance, and  collect  intelligence  for  this  purpose  ;  to  select 
proper  agents,  and  to  carry  on  correspondence,  in  order  to 
ascertain  that  his  bounties  were  well  applied  :  These  and 
similar  concerns  were  the  hourly  occupations  of  his  life,  and 
the  ends  of  living,  which  he  proposed  to  himself ;  nor  did  he 
think  that  any  part  of  his  time  was  spent  either  happily  or 
innocently,  if  it  were  not  some  way  instrumental,  directly  or 
indirectly,  to  the  furtherance  of  useful  designs." 

"  ABIBL  CHANDLER  was  a  native  of  Concord,  N.  H.  In 
his  childhood  his  parents  removed  to  Fryeburg,  Maine,  where 
he  labored  on  a  farm  till  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1806,  and  spent  the 
next  eleven  years  in  teaching  at  Salem  and  Newburyport, 
Mass.  To  the  good  reputation  which  he  had  previously 
gained  as  a  student,  he  added  that  of  an  excellent  preceptor. 


382  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

A  little  later  he  commenced  a  mercantile  life  at  Boston.  He 
was  of  the  house  of  Chandler  and  Howard,  and  afterwards 
Chandler,  Howard,  and  Company,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century,  when  he  retired  with  a  fortune.  To  numerous 
relatives  he  made  liberal  bequests,  with  great  delicacy  and 
judgment.  After  his  legacy  to  the  college,  the  residue  of  his 
property  was  bequeathed  to  the  New  Hampshire  Asylum  for 
the  Insane. 

"  The  origin  of  Mr.  Chandler's  endowment  of  the  Scientific 
School  is  referable  to  an  incident  that  occurred  to  him  when 
a  young  man  at  Fryeburg.  He  fell  in  company  with  some 
students  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  he  was  impressed  by 
their  superiority  to  himself.  He  conceived  the  purpose  of 
being  himself  a  scholar,  and  he  fulfilled  it.  When,  after  a 
few  years  of  honorable  industry  as  a  teacher  he  became  a 
merchant,  he  saw  himself,  though  now  a  scholar,  ignorant,  to 
a  great  extent,  of  the  principles  and  methods  of  mercantile 
life.  Whereupon  he  set  himself  to  a  new  variety  of  learning. 
He  gained  it,  and  with  it  gained  a  fortune.  But  he  saw  other 
men  around  him,  in  different  spheres,  suffering  as  he  had 
done  from  a  similar  want  of  knowledge,  —  merchants,  traders, 
ship-masters,  artisans,  farmers,  laborers. 

"  The  Chandler  School  is  the  ripened  fruit  of  a  well-consid- 
ered purpose  to  benefit  mankind.  He  had  confidence  in  the 
importance  of  his  object,  the  integrity  of  his  aims,  and  the 
wisdom  of-  his  advisers.  He  bestowed  his  charity  with  a 
hearty  good-will,  and  left  the  event  with  God." 

"  JOHN  CONANT  was  born  in  Stowe,  Mass.,  in  1790.  His 
family  descended  from  the  French  Huguenots  who  were 
driven  into  England  by  Louis  XIV.  His  father  was  an  in- 
dustrious and  successful  farmer.  In  the  district  school  he 
was  taught  the  merest  rudiments  of  an  English  education. 
In  after  years,  by  the  aid  and  sympathy  of  an  intelligent  and 
well-educated  wife,  he  fitted  himself  to  write  for  the  public 
journals,  to  lecture  on  temperance  and  agriculture,  and  to 
perform  with  credit  and  honor  the  duties  of  important  official 
stations,  in  town  and  State.  His  leisure  hours  were  devoted 
to  study.  He  collected  a  small  private  library  of  choice  books 
in  history,  biography,  and  science,  and  made  them  the  com- 
panions of  rainy  days  and  winter  evenings. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  383 

"  At  the  age  of  twenty-six,  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Jaffrey, 
under  the  shadow  of  '  the  great  Monadnock,'  on  which  he 
labored  for  thirty-five  years,  and  gathered  '  a  plentiful  estate.' 
This  was  accumulated  by  means  of  those  home-bred  virtues, 
industry,  prudence,  and  economy ;  for  he  never,  in  a  single 
instance,  increased  his  wealth  by  speculation. 

"  When  the  New  Hampshire  Insane  Asylum  was  occupying 
the  public  attention,  he  contributed  liberally  to  its  endow- 
ment, and  was  at  one  time  president  of  its  Board  of  Trustees, 
being  sole  superintendent  of  the  first  buildings  that  were 
reared. 

"  Turning  his  thoughts  toward  the  rising  academy  at  New 
London,  Mr.  Conant  proposed  to  add  to  its  literary  and 
scientific  departments  an  agricultural  school.  He  ascertained, 
however,  that  his  whole  estate  would  be  inadequate  to  the 
work,  and,  after  making  generous  donations  to  the  academy, 
he  turned  his  attention  to  the  Agricultural  College  at  Han- 
over. 

"  In  his  endowment  of  this  institution,  along  with  other 
things,  he  has  provided  a  model  farm  for  the  college,  and 
founded  a  scholarship  for  each  town  in  Cheshire  County, 
twenty-two  in  all,  with  an  additional  one  for  Jaffrey. 

"  Mr.  Conant  was  through  life  a  liberal  contributor  to  pub- 
lic enterprises,  and  a  supporter  of  the  gospel,  and  for  twenty 
years  was  an  active  member  of  the  Baptist  Church." 

Boynton's  History  of  West  Point  gives  the  following  valu- 
able paragraphs  relating  to  SYLVANUS  THAYER,  by  whose 
munificence  to  the  cause  of  education  he  has  laid  his  Alma 
Mater  and  his  native  town  under  lasting  obligations  : 

"  Brevet-major  Sylvanus  Thayer,  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
on  July  28,  1817,  assumed  command  as  superintendent  of  the 
West  Point  Military  Academy,  and  from  this  period  the  com- 
mencement of  whatever  success  as  an  educational  institution, 
and  whatever  reputation  the  Academy  may  possess,  at  home 
or  abroad,  for  its  strict,  impartial,  salutary,  elevating,  and  dis- 
ciplinary government,  must  be  dated.  Major  Thayer  was  an 
early  graduate  of  the  academy.  He  had  served  with  dis- 
tinction in  the  War  of  1812,  and  had  studied  the  military 
schools  of  France,  and  profited  by  the  opportunity  to  acquire 


384  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

more  complete  and  just  views  concerning  the  management  of 
such  an  institution  than  were  generally  entertained  by  educa- 
tional and  military  men  of  that  day.  The  field  before  him 
was  uncultivated  ;  the  period  was  one  when  rare  qualifications 
for  position  were  not  considered  valueless  ;  and,  blessed  with 
health,  devotion  to  the  cause,  and  firmness  of  purpose,  he  was 
permitted  to  organize  a  system,  and  remain  sixteen  years  to 
perfect  its  operation. 

"  Immediately  after  entering  upon  his  duties,  the  Cadets 
were  organized  into  a  battalion  of  two  companies,  with  a 
colonel  of  Cadets,  an  adjutant,  and  a  sergeant-major,  for  its 
staff ;  and  within  the  year  he  created  a  '  Commandant  of 
Cadets/  to  be  an  instructor  of  tactics. 

"  The  division  of  classes  into  sections,  the  weekly  rendering 
of  class  reports,  showing  the  daily  progress,  the  system  and 
scale  of  daily  marks,  the  establishment  of  relative  class  rank 
among  the  members,  the  publication  of  the  Annual  Register, 
the  introduction  of  the  Board  of  Visitors,  the  check-book  sys- 
tem, the  preponderating  influence  of  the  'blackboard,'  and 
the  essential  parts  of  the  Regulations  for  the  Military  Acad- 
emy, as  they  stand  to  this  day,  are  some  of  the  evidences  of 
the  indefatigable  efforts  of  Major  Thayer  to  insure  method, 
order,  and  prosperity  to  the  institution.  When  relieved,  at 
his  own  request,  the  upward  impetus  given  to  the  institution 
had  attracted  general  observation." 

General  Thayer  evidently  believed  that  "  peace  hath  her 
victories  "  as  well  as  war,  and  nobly  acted  in  accordance  with 
his  intelligent,  earnest  convictions. 

"  JOEL  PARKER  was  born  at  Jaffrey,  N.  H.  After  study- 
ing in  the  academy  at  Groton,  where  the  late  President  James 
Walker  was  one  of  his  schoolmates,  he  entered  the  Sophomore 
class  at  Dartmouth  College  in  February,  1809,  at  the  early 
age  of  thirteen,  and  graduated  in  1811,  not  yet  seventeen  years 
of  age.  After  his  graduation  he  studied  law  at  Keene,  and 
with  his  brother  Edmund  at  Amherst,  and  entered  the  bar  of 
Cheshire  County,  at  the  October  term  in  1817,  at  the  former 
place,  where  he  at  once  engaged  in  practice. 

In  the  year  1821,  contemplating  a  change  of  residence,  he 
visited  the  West,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Circuit 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  385 

Court  of  the  United  States  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  January, 
1822  ;  but,  fortunately  for  his  native  State,  returned  in  the 
latter  year,  and  devoted  himself  assiduously  to  his  chosen 
pursuit. 

Free  from  domestic  cares,  affianced  only  to  his  profession, 
he  early  gained  an  honorable  position  by  the  steady  exercise 
of  natural  abilities  well  adapted  to  its  pursuit.  He  was  in- 
dustrious, thorough,  minute,  painstaking,  cautious,  persistent, 
and  untiring.  "  Judge  Parker's  mode  of  practice  in  the  trial 
of  cases,"  writes  an  early  professional  associate,  who  still 
enjoys  a  ripe  and  honored  age,  "  to  take  down  the  testimony  in 
full  of  the  witnesses  in  writing,  and  to  cross-examine  them  at 
great  length  as  to  all  the  circumstances  they  might  know  rel- 
ative to  the  case,  contributed  greatly  to  change  the  previous 
practice  of  the  witness'  first  telling  his  story  of  what  he 
knew,  followed  by  a  brief  cross-examination,  with  only  a  few 
notes,  made  by  the  counsel,  of  the  leading  points  of  the  testi- 
mony." 

Of  Judge  Parker's  judicial  life  in  New  Hampshire,  Charles 
Sumner,  in  1844,  wrote:  "It  will  not  be  unjust  to  his  asso- 
ciates to  distinguish  Mr.  Chief  Justice  Parker  as  entitled 
to  peculiar  honor  for  his  services  on  the  bench.  He  may  be 
justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  judges  of  the  country." 

The  event  which  brought  Judge  Parker  more  conspicuously 
before  the  public,  and  undoubtedly  contributed  justly  and 
largely  to  give  him  a  wide  and  established  reputation  for 
vigor,  independence,  learning,  and  capacity,  was  his  contro- 
versy with  Mr.  Justice  Story  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  regard  to  the  proper  construction  of  a  clause 
—  it  might  even  be  said  the  meaning  of  a  word  [lien]  —  in 
the  Bankrupt  Law  of  1841 ;  a  controversy  which  became  po- 
litical in  other  hands,  and  threatened  to  reach  the  magnitude 
of  a  conflict  between  the  United  States  and  New  Hampshire. 

After  the  experiences  of  this  generation,  such  a  collision 
seems  trifling ;  but  it  involved  subjects  of  grave  importance, 
and  was  a  contest  between  no  insignificant  combatants,  —  not 
without  interest  at  this  day  to  a  student  of  common  or  con- 
stitutional law. 

25 


386  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

It  began  in  1842,  when  Story  and  Parker  were  each  in  the 
full  vigor  of  judicial  life,  and  enthusiastic  crowds  of  -young 
men  were  learning  the  science  of  the  law  from  Story's  lips. 
It  ended  seven  years  after,  when  Story  had  passed  away,  and 
Parker  was  lecturing  where  Story  taught,  to  young  men  who 
now  revere  the  memory  of  both.  He  had  laid  aside  the  honor 
and  labors  of  the  office  which  required  him  to  engage  in  the 
struggle ;  and,  in  the  first  year  of  his  service  as  a  professor 
in  the  school  to  whose  success  and  reputation  Story  had 
so  largely  contributed,  the  court  which  Story  had  adorned 
declared  the  survivor  victorious.  Like  Entellus,  he  might 
say,— 

"  Hie  victor  cestus  artemque  repono." 

The  eminent  service  rendered  to  the  country  and  the  age, 
by  Judge  Parker,  while  Royall  professor  of  Law  at  Cam- 
bridge, forms  a  material  part  of  our  national  history. 

RICHAKD  FLETCHER  was  a  native  of  Cavendish,  Vt. 
Having  graduated  at  Dartmouth,  in  1806,  he  studied  law 
with  Daniel  Webster,  and  commenced  practice  in  Salisbury, 
N.  H.  In  1819  he  removed  to  Boston,  where  he  shortly  took 
rank  with  the  very  first  of  legal  advocates. 

His  biographer  says :  "  While  in  practice  before  the  courts 
his  presence  ever  commanded  the  utmost  respect.  Of  good 
form,  of  handsome  and  expressive  features,  and  of  most  gentle- 
manly and  pleasing  address,  with  his  great  learning  and  un- 
tiring industry,  it  is  not  strange  that  he  should  have  succeeded 
at  the  bar  and  on  the  bench. 

"  He  was  an  orator  of  great  power,  —  fluent  and  elegant  in 
diction,  bright  and  sparkling  in  thought,  keen  and  quick  in 
repartee. 

"  His  care  not  to  be  engaged  in  unworthy  causes  was  a 
matter  of  note. 

"In  political  life  he  found  little  that  suited  his  tastes, 
although  at  different  times  a  member  of  both  the  State  and 
National  Legislatures. 

"  Mr.  Fletcher  was  a  sincere  Christian.  His  religion  was 
not  so  much  of  the  aggressive  kind,  nor  did  he  often  urge  his 
views  upon  others ;  but  it  pervaded  his  entire  character,  and 
shone  out  in  all  his  actions.  In  his  will  he  made  a  provision 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE.  387 

for  publishing  biennially,  a  prize  essay  adapted  to  impress 
4  on  the  minds  of  all  Christians  a  solemn  sense  of  their  duty 
to  exhibit  in  their  godly  lives  and  conversation  the  beneficent 
effects  of  the  religion  they  profess,  and  thus  increase  the  effi- 
ciency of  Christianity  in  Christian  countries,  and  recommend 
its  acceptance  to  the  heathen  portions  of  the  world.' " 

Few  of  Dartmouth's  alumni  have  manifested  a  more  affec- 
tionate, steadfast  devotion  to  their  Alma  Mater,  than  Mr. 
Fletcher. 

TAPPAN  WENT  WORTH  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Went  worth,  of 
Dover,  N.  H.,  and  was  born  there  February  24,  1802,  and 
died  in  Lowell,  June  12,  1875.  His  father  was  a  poor  man, 
a  boatman  running  a  freight-boat  between  Dover  and  Ports- 
mouth. 

He  was  sent  first  to  common  schools  till  he  reached  the 
classical  school  where  he  studied  Latin  in  a  class  with  the  late 
John  K.  Young,  D.  D.,  Dr.  George  W.  Kittredge,  and  Hon. 
John  H.  White,  but  was  taken  from  school  after  having  read 
two  books  of  Virgil.  Judge  White  says :  "  Tappan  was  a  good 
scholar,  energetic  and  relf-reliant.  I  was  in  the  Latin  class 
with  him,  and  was  told  by  the  father  that  he  was  too  poor  to 
keep  him  in  school."  He  then  spent  about  three  years  in 
Portsmouth,  in  a  North  End  grocery  store. 

From  Portsmouth  he  went  to  South  Berwick,  Me.,  into  the 
stores  of  the  late  Benjamin  Nason  and  Alphonso  Gerrish,  suc- 
cessively, as  clerk.  He  there  attracted  the  attention  of  Hon. 
William  Burleigh,  a  then  member  of  Congress  from  York 
district,  by  a  spirited  article  he  had  written  in  favor  of  Mr. 
Burleigh's  reelection.  Mr.  Burleigh  now  offered  to  take  him 
as  a  law  student,  and  the  young  clerk  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  York  County  in  1826. 
After  seven  years'  successful  practice  in  his  profession  in  South 
Berwick  and  Great  Falls,  he  came  to  Lowell,  bringing  some 
seven  thousand  dollars  with  him. 

He  now  seemed  to  form  his  life  plan  of  work,  professionally 
and  financially,  —  diligence  in  his  profession  and  all  possible 
investments  in  real  estate.  At  his  death  his  $7,000  had 
swollen  into  nearly  $300,000,  during  his  forty-five  years  of 
Lowell  life. 


388  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

During  these  years  he  became  a  leading  member  of  his 
profession,  was  often  in  offices  of  trust  in  city  affairs,  at  dif- 
ferent times  in  both  houses  of  the  Legislature,  and  a  member 
of  Congress  from  1853  to  1855. 

After  assigning  "pride  of  ancestry  and  name  "  as  one  reason 
for  Mr.  Wentworth's  munificence  to  Dartmouth,  Judge  Crosby 
says: 

*'  Another  reason  for  the  gift  to  the  college  is  found  in  his 
appreciation  of  the  value,  the  power,  and  the  beauty  of  educa- 
tion. He  had  had  hard  experience  in  relation  to  it.  He  had 
hungered  for  it  when  he  could  not  get  it.  He  had  obtained  it 
in  limited  departments,  by  hard  work,  at  great  odds  and  under 
great  embarrassments,  when  other  claims  must  be  postponed 
in  its  behalf.  And  as  he  looked  over  our  college  studies  he 
found  many  branches  he  had  never  pursued  and  could  not  ap- 
proach." 

"  The  fund  is  not  given  for  scholarships,  professorships, 
libraries,  or  buildings.  It  is  given  for  the  support  of  the  in- 
stitution, to  make  instruction  independent,  learned  and  cheap  ; 
given  to  invite  the  youth  to  come  here,  and  to  give  them  the 
best  opportunities  of  cultivation  at  lessened  expense,  to  lay 
foundations  of  learning  and  mental  enlargement  for  any  de- 
partment in  life.  It  will  maintain  ten  learned  professors  or 
twenty  tutors,  or  give  20,000  volumes  of  books  annually,  as 
the  honorable  Trustees  shall  think  the  demands  of  the  college 
require. 

"  It  may  enlarge,  repair,  or  ornament  these  grounds  ;  it  may 
be  turned  into  laboratories,  museums  of  natural  history,  or 
art;  it  may  raise  the  curriculum  to  higher  studies  and  ex- 
tended courses.  It  is  not  restrained  by  his  personal  judgment 
and  direction  in  the  future,  but  left  to  the  better  judgment  of 
living  mind." 

Should  Dartmouth  ever  lose  her  maiden  name,  she  would 
not  hesitate  in  regard  to  the  new  one. 

WILLIAM  REED  was  born  at  Marblehead,  Mass.  Com- 
pelled to  abandon  the  hope  of  a  public  education,  he  after- 
wards engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  followed  with 
great  energy  and  activity  and  with  a  good  degree  of  success. 

Having  by  his  untiring  energy  and  perseverance,  and  by 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  389 

his  strict  habits  of  economy  come  into  possession  of  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  property,  he  devoted  the  latter  part  of 
his  life  to  philanthropic  and  benevolent  purposes. 

As  a  citizen  he  was  distinguished  for  activity,  public  spirit 
and  true  patriotism.  The  many  marks  of  attention  and  re- 
spect which  he  received  from  his  fellow-citizens  evinced  the 
high  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  community. 

In  1811  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  a  station  which  he  filled  for  four  years  with 
honor  to  himself,  with  satisfaction  to  his  constituents,  and 
with  advantage  to  his  country. 

While  the  cause  of  Foreign  Missions  received  the  largest 
share  of  his  Christian  sympathies  and  the  largest  amount  of 
his  charitable  donations,  yet  he  was  deeply  interested  in  all 
the  benevolent  operations  of  the  day.  His  sound  judgment 
was  sought  in  the  management  of  various  public  institutions. 
In  1826  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  Andover,  and  occupied  that 
station  until  his  death.  He  was  for  several  years  a  Trustee 
of  Dartmouth ;  also  of  Amherst. 

DK.  GEOEGE  CHEYNE  SHATTUCK  was  born  in  Templeton, 
Mass.,  in  the  year  1783,  in  the  sixth  generation  from 
William  Shattuck,  who  was  born  in  England  in  the  year 
1621,  and  died  in  Watertown,  Mass.,  in  the  year  1672, 
Dr.  Benjamin  Shattuck  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1765,  and  having  studied  medicine,  settled  in  Templeton. 
His  youngest  son  inherited  thirteen  hundred  dollars,  and 
this  sufficed  for  his  support,  fitting  for  college,  and  col- 
lege and  Medical  education,  commenced  at  Hanover  and 
continued  in  Philadelphia  and  Boston,  with  such  addition  as 
he  was  able  to  make  by  school-keeping.  There  were  no  public 
conveyances  when  he  went  from  Templeton  to  Hanover,  and 
he  bought  a  horse  on  which  he  rode  to  Hanover  and  then  sold 
it,  taking  the  pay  in  board.  He  received  f  four  degrees  from 
his  Alma  Mater ;  the  first  in  the  year  1803  and  the  last,  of 
Doctor  of  Laws,  in  1853.  He  settled  in  Boston  in  the  year 
1807,  and  for  the  space  of  forty-seven  years  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  secured  the  esteem,  respect 
and  affection  of  his  patients,  and  gathered  a  handsome  estate. 


390  DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

He  gave  liberally  to  his  Alma  Mater  for  an  Observatory,  for 
books,  and  for  portraits  of  distinguished  alumni.  He  founded 
a  professorship  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity and  endowed  scholarships  in  the  Academical  Depart- 
ment. He  gave  liberally  to  various  charities  during  his  life- 
time, as  well  as  to  public  institutions,  and  the  poor  and  needy 
never  appealed  to  him  in  vain.  He  died  in  Boston  in  the 
year  1854,  in  the  profession  of  the  faith  in  which  he  had  been 
educated  both  at  home  and  at  college. 

GEOKGE  H.  BISSELL  was  born  at  Hanover,  N.  H.  He  is 
descended  from  a  family  of  Norman-French  origin,  which 
came  from  Somersetshire,  England.  His  mother  came  of 
Belgic  and  Holland  descent.  One  of  his  ancestors  was  the 
first  settler  at  Windsor,  Ct.,  in  1628.  The  late  Gov.  Clark 
Bissell,  of  Connecticut,  and  Gov.  William  H.  Bissell,  of  Illi- 
nois, were  relatives.  In  1846,  after  successful  teaching  else- 
where, on  the  organization  of  the  High  School  in  New  Orleans 
Mr.  Bissell  was  elected  its  first  principal  over  many  compet- 
itors. Subsequently  he  was  chosen  superintendent  of  the 
public  schools  in  that  city.  His  remarkable  administrative 
abilities  and  high  qualifications  as  a  scholar  were  of  great 
service  in  his  onerous  position.  The  schools  reached  a  disci- 
pline and  prosperity  before  unknown.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  legal  profession. 

In  the  development  of  petroleum  Mr.  Bissell  was  a  leading 
pioneer;  perhaps  he  justly  deserves  the  preeminence  in  this 
great  work.  Mr.  Bissell  is  a  self-made  man.  We  quote  a 
portion  of  his  letter  to  President  Smith,  announcing  his  mu- 
nificent donation  for  a  gymnasium  : 

"  In  acceding  to  your  wishes,  my  dear  sir,  I  can  but  recall 
that  day,  now  twenty  years  since,  when,  leaving  Dartmouth, 
alone  and  unaided,  I  felt  that  '  Tentanda  via  est,  qua  me  quoque 
possim  tollere  humo.' 

"  It  affords  me  unqualified  pleasure  now  to  be  able  to  grat- 
ify a  wish  then  cherished,  to  aid  in  some  degree  my  Alma 
Mater,  and  in  that  manner  which  you  assure  me  is  the  most 
effectual." 

u  GEN.  DAVID  CULVEK  was  born  in  Lyme,  N.  H.  In  the 
year  1832  he  left  the  parental  roof,  and  after  a  residence  in 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  391 

Hartford,  Conn.,  and  New  York  City,  for  some  years,  where 
in  both  cities  he  was  actively  engaged  in  lucrative  business 
pursuits,  he  returned  to  his  beautiful  ancestral  home  in  Lyme, 
in  1855.  The  residue  of  his  years  he  spent  in  pleasant  agri- 
cultural life,  on  the  old  farm  of  his  strongly-endeared  child- 
hood, memory,  and  attachment.  In  the  rural  district  of  this 
home  he  was  ever  apparently  content  arid  happy,  and,  much 
to  his  praise,  seemed  greatly  beloved  by  his  neighbors.  His 
townsmen  many  times  by  their  united  suffrage  ga,ve  him  im- 
portant offices  of  public  trust  and  confidence.  Of  the  Con- 
gregational Church  of  Christ,  in  Lyme,  he  was  for  many  years 
a  highly  valued  helping  member,  and  for  the  gospel  ministry 
was  a  liberal  supporter,  giving  of  his  means  in  so  quiet  a  man- 
ner that  he  appeared  not  to  wish  his  good  deeds  blazoned  to 
the  world. 

"  For  the  needy,  suffering  poor  of  his  personal  acquaintance, 
especially  the  helpless  poor,  he  had  a  sympathizing  heart,  and 
so  deeply  pitied  them,  in  many  instances,  as  to  greatly  allevi- 
ate their  sufferings  by  ministering  pecuniarily  to  their  relief. 

"  To  the  cause  of  general  education  in  the  community,  — 
elementary,  common,  agricultural,  and  collegiate, — he  was 
always  a  warm-hearted,  deeply-interested  friend.  In  many 
instances,  to  aspiring  youth  in  indigent  circumstances,  who 
were  striving  after  the  acquisition  of  the  needful  knowledge 
to  prepare  themselves  and  others  for  usefulness,  he  has  been 
known  to  bestow  pecuniary  assistance  to  aid  them  on  their 
way. 

"  And  so  agreeably  bland  was  he  in  his  mode  of  conferring 
his  favors,  as  to  greatly  augment  the  value  of  them,  and  at 
the  same  time  heighten  the  esteem  of  the  recipients  for  the 
donor."  Outside  of  her  alumni  Dartmouth  had  few  warmer 
friends  than  General  Culver. 

SAMUEL  APPLETON  was  a  native  of  New  Ipswich,  N.  H. 

His  enterprise  and  his  liberality  have  given  his  name  a  con- 
spicuous place  in  New  England  history.  We  append  a  portion 
of  one  of  his  letters  to  President  Lord,  which  shows  his  gener- 
ous appreciation  of  liberal  culture. 

"  It  affords  me  much  pleasure  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  do 
something  for  the  only  college  in  my  native  State  which  has 


392  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

done  so  much  to  establish  a  sound  literary  character  in  the 
country.  Dartmouth  has  done  her  full  proportion  in  educating 
for  the  pulpit,  the  bar,  the  healing  art,  and  the  senate,  good 
and  great  men  who  have  done  honor  to  their  names,  to  the 
college,  and  to  the  country." 

In  closing  this  record,  we  can  only  allude  to  other  leading 
benefactors,  among  whom  are  John  D.  Willard,  who  gave  to 
Dartmouth  some  of  the  fruits  of  his  busy,  earnest  life.  Sal- 
mon P.  Chase,  loyal  to  his  Alma  Mater  to  the  last.  John 
Wentworth,  who  still  lives  to  witness  her  work.  Henry  Bond, 
loving  her  scarcely  less  than  his  kindred,  "  according  to  the 
flesh."  Frederick  Hall,  who  gave  his  money,  and  what  he 
valued  more.  John  Phillips,  whose  name  will  live  as  long  as 
Dartmouth,  or  Andover,  or  Exeter,  shall  exist.  Israel  Evans, 
the  patriot  divine,  who  cherished  for  Washington  and  Wheel- 
ock  similar  affection.  Aaron  Lawrence,  the  conscientious 
Christian  merchant.  Jeremiah  Kingman,  the  busy  agricul- 
turist, who  cultivated  his  mind  as  well  as  his  fields.  Mrs. 
Betsey  Whitehouse,  the  parishioner  of  Abraham  Burnham, 
by  whose  labors  her  valuable  Christian  and  general  character 
was  largely  moulded,  and  E.  W.  Stoughton,  who  fully  real- 
izes the  close  connection  between  a  healthy  body  and  a  sound 
mind. 

The  services  of  Dartmouth's  Trustees  should  not  be  passed 
over  in  silence. 

We  give  a  statement  of  the  character  of  the  Board  half  a 
century  ago,  when  the  College  was  in  "  middle  life,"  from 
JMr.  William  H.  Duncan. 

"  Of  the  members  of  that  Board,  there  was  ELIJAH  PAINE, 
of  Vermont,  who  had  received  his  appointment  as  District 
Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Vermont  from 
Washington,  a  graduate  from  Harvard,  4  a  Roman  of  the 
Romans,'  one  who  would  have  done  honor  to  Rome  in  her 
noblest  and  best  days  for  the  purity,  integrity,  and  elevation 
of  his  character.  CHARLES  MARSH,  who  held  for  many  years 
the  unchallenged  position  of  the  leader  of  the  bar  in  Vermont, 
a  cousin  of  that  giant  in  the  law,  Jeremiah  Mason,  whom  he 
greatly  resembled  in  many  of  his  intellectual  characteristics, 
—  a  high-toned  gentleman,  and  a  devout  and  reverend  be- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  393 

liever  in  Christianity.  MOSES  P.  PAYSON,  a  graduate  of  the 
College,  of  the  class  of  1793,  a  lawyer  of  courteous  and  ele- 
gant demeanor,  and  of  high  social  position.  Judge  EDMUND 
PARKER,  a  sound  lawyer,  a  man  of  good  sense,  and  excellent 
judgment,  and  above  all  a  man  of  unspotted  character,  a 
brother  of  the  distinguished  ex-Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Hampshire.  ISRAEL  W.  PUTNAM,  D.  D.,  a 
graduate  of  the  class  of  1809,  so  long  and  so  favorably  known 
in  New  Hampshire  as  a  clergyman.  JOHN  H.  CHURCH, 
D.  D.,  a  graduate  from  Harvard,  a  man  of  apostolic  solemnity 
and  dignity  of  character,  whose  praise  is  in  all  the  churches. 
JOHN  WHEELER,  D.  D.,  an  accomplished  scholar,  afterwards 
President  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  BENNETT  TYLER, 
who  was  still  a  Trustee,  although  he  had  resigned  his  position 
as  president,  a  man  of  commanding  dignity  of  presence,  an 
unrivaled  logician,  and  one  of  the  best  pulpit  orators  it  has 
ever  been  the  good  fortune  of  the  writer  to  listen  to.  Judge 
SAMUEL  HUBBARD,  of  Boston,  one  of  the  best  lawyers  of 
New  England,  who  for  many  years  was  the  rival  and  the  peer 
of  the  leaders  of  the  Suffolk  Bar.  When  on  the  bench  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  he  was  numbered  among 
her  most  eminent  jurists,  and  was  ranked  with  Fletcher  and 
Shaw.  He  was  a  man  of  the  finest  sensibilities,  and  a  devout 
and  reverent  Christian.  MILLS  OLCOTT,  of  the  class  of  1790, 
who  had  been  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  College  be- 
fore he  was  a  Trustee,  whose  father  had  served  before  him 
for  twenty  years  in  the  same  capacity,  a  man  of  remarkable 
sagacity  and  enterprise  in  business  affairs,  of  assured  social 
position,  and  of  great  elegance  and  dignity  of  manner. 

"  And  of  this  body  of  men  was  EZEKIEL  WEBSTER,  the 
elder  brother  of  Daniel,  a  man  of  remarkable  intellectual  en- 
dowments ;  in  sagacity  and  judgment,  in  the  opinion  of  those 
who  knew  them  both,  fully  equal  to  his  distinguished  brother, 
well  read,  as  all  the  gentlemen  of  the  old  school  were,  in  the 
old  English  authors  ;  a  profound  lawyer,  and,  at  times  when 
he  could  be  prevailed  upon  to  speak,  as  eloquent  as  his 
brother  ;  of  commanding  personal  presence,  which  in  no  way 
can  be  so  well  described  as  by  borrowing  a  Homeric  epithet, 
for  he  was  truly  a  '  king  '  among  *  men.' 


394  DAKTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

"  Such  was  the  body  of  men  whose  grave  and  majestic  air 
used  to  impress  the  writer  of  this  sketch,  when  the  Com- 
mencements came  round,  in  his  college  days,  with  the  same 
feeling  of  awe  and  reverence  with  which  the  barbarians  were 
inspired  when  they  first  looked  in  upon  the  Roman  Senate, 
supposing  that  they  were  looking  upon  an  assembly  of  kings." 

If  to  these  we  add  the  names  of  the  eminent  men  who  were 
the  colleagues  of  the  founder,  and  of  Nathaniel  Niles,  Jona- 
than Freeman,  Thomas  W.  Thompson,  Stephen  Jacob,  Tim- 
othy Farrar,  Samuel  Bell,  Asa  McFarland,  Seth  Payson,  Sam- 
uel Prentiss,  George  Sullivan,  John  Aiken,  William  Reed, 
Samuel  Delano,  Samuel  Fletcher,  Nathaniel  Bouton,  Silas 
Aiken,  Joel  Parker,  Richard  Fletcher,  and  the  honored  Gov- 
ernors of  the  State,  we  are  fully  impressed  with  the  fact  that 
the  interests  of  the  college  have  been  in  the  keeping  of  wise 
and  prudent  guardians. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  395 


CHAPTER   XXX. 

LABORS   OF  DARTMOUTH  ALUMNI.  —  CONCLUSION. 

As  Dartmouth  was  founded  as  an  evangelizing  agency,  and 
every  stone  was  laid  in  firm  reliance  upon  Him  to  whom  all 
was  consecrated,  there  was  good  ground  of  hope  that  it  would 
be  a  strong  and  durable  pillar  in  the  great  temple  of  Christian 
learning.  Its  record  is  a  realization  of  the  hopes  of  its  noble 
and  devoted  founders. 

In  his  "  Narrative  "  for  1771  (p.  29)  Dr.  Wheelock,  allud- 
ing to  the  period  immediately  following  his  removal  to  Hano- 
ver, says :  "  there  were  evident  impressions  upon  the  minds  of 
a  number  of  my  family  and  school  which  soon  became  univer- 
sal, insomuch  that  scarcely  one  remained  who  did  not  feel  a 
greater  or  less  degree  of  it,  till  the  whole  lump  seemed  to  be 
leavened  by  it,  and  love,  peace,  joy,  satisfaction  and  content- 
ment reigned  through  the  whole.  The  23d  day  of  January 
(1771)  was  kept  as  a  day  of  solemn  fasting  and  prayer,  on 
which  I  gathered  a  church  in  this  college  and  school,  which 
consisted  of  twenty-seven  members." 

His  biographer,  writing  early  in  the  present  century,  says : 
"  The  college  has  been  repeatedly  favored  with  remarkable 
religious  impressions  on  the  minds  of  the  students.  These 
showers  of  divine  grace  have  produced  streams  which  have 
refreshed  the  garden  of  the  Lord,  and  made  glad  the  city  of 
our  God.  The  young  men  in  this  school  of  the  prophets 
have,  at  these  seasons,  been  powerfully  and  lastingly  affected  ; 
they  have  gone  forth  as  4  angels  of  the  churches  ; '  the  work 
of  God  has  prospered  in  their  hands ;  many  of  their  people 
have  been  turned  to  righteousness." 

Of  President  Tyler's  administration  it  is  said  that  the  most 
remarkable  thing  was  "  a  powerful  revival  of  religion."  All 


396  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

the  later  decades  have  been  marked  by  manifestations  of  the 
Divine  presence  in  the  college.  Scarcely  a  year  has  passed 
in  which  some  of  its  members  have  not  joyfully  consecrated 
intellect  and  heart  and  life  to  the  service  of  Him  who  gave 
them. 

Not  a  few  have  been  "  bright  and  shining  lights "  in 
the  church.  Of  JESSE  APPLETON,  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson  says  : 
"  I  have  been  placed  in  circumstances  to  see  much  of  not  a 
few  great  men  in  the  Church  of  Christ,  but  I  have  been  con- 
versant with  only  a  few,  a  very  few,  whose  attributes  of 
power  seemed  to  me  quite  equal  to  his.  The  clearness  of  his 
conceptions  was  almost  angelic.  If  I  am  fitted  to  do  any 
good  in  the  world,  I  owe  what  intellectual  adaptation  I  have 
very  much  to  his  admirable  training,  especially  as  he  took  us 
through  his  favorite  Butler." 

Few  American  divines  have  had  a  wider  or  more  varied 
sphere  of  influence  than  Dr.  Appleton's  classmate,  EBENE- 
ZER  PORTER,  a  pioneer  in  sacred  Rhetoric,  one  of  the  origina- 
tors of  the  American  Tract  Society,  the  most  prominent  of 
the  founders  of  the  American  Education  Society,  which  he 
adopted  as  his  child  and  heir,  the  beloved  and  honored  first 
president  of  the  oldest  Theological  Seminary  in  the  United 
States. 

Of  SAMUEL  WORCESTER,  the  distinguished  opponent  of 
Channing,  we  have  the  following  valuable  record :  "  When 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions 
was  formed,  his  labors  as  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  with 
the  whole  system  now  in  operation  for  the  conduct  of  mis- 
sions abroad,  required  the  same  processes  of  original  evolu- 
tion and  determination  of  principles  and  rules,  as  so  signally 
characterized  the  formation  of  our  Federal  government.  Here 
was  displayed  his  peculiar,  if  we  may  not  say  his  transcend- 
ent, power  among  his  eminent  associates.  The  great  value 
of  *  the  Constitution  of  the  Board,  as  a  working  instrument,' 
'  the  nicely  adjusted  relations  of  the  voluntary  and  ecclesias- 
tical principles,'  the  '  origination  of  what  is  peculiarly  excel- 
lent in  the  Annual  Reports,  and  also  in  the  Instructions  to 
Missionaries,'  and  the  4  American  idea '  of  '  organizing  the 
missions  as  self-governing  communities,'  are  justly  ascribed 


•  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  397 

to  him  by  the  present  senior  Secretary,  [Dr.  Anderson]  as 
conclusive  witness  of  his  extraordinary  4  sagacity '  and  of  his 
being  far  4  in  advance  of  the  age.' '; 

PHILANDER  CHASE  could  found  parish  and  diocese  and 
seminary  with  equal  facility,  performing  a  work  for  the  Epis- 
copal Church  in  America  unrivaled  by  that  of  any  contem- 
porary. 

Nor  should  we  overlook  such  names  as  Asa  Burton,  teacher 
of  teachers  in  theology,  who  could  successfully  measure  swords 
with  Emmons  ;  Samuel  Wood,  whose  impress  never  left  the 
mind  of  Webster  ;  Daniel  Story,  a  pioneer  of  Marietta ;  Mase 
Shepard,  Jonathan  Strong,  Walter  Harris,  Ethan  Smith, 
Alvan  Hyde,  William  Jackson,  Rufus  Anderson,  the  honored 
father  of  a  not  less  honored  son  ;  John  Fiske,  Abijah  Wines, 
Eliphalet  Gillett,  whose  .home  missionary  zeal  in  Maine  made 
a  lasting  impression  upon  the  rising  state ;  Kiah  Bailey,  who 
first  effectually  moved  the  springs  which  gave  to  the  same 
State  the  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  ;  John  Smith,  an  earn- 
est and  honored  teacher  in  that  Seminary ;  Theophilus  Pack- 
ard, whose  pupils  have  performed  honorable  service  for  the 
Master  in  both  hemispheres  ;  Peter  P.  Roots,  Bezaleel  Pinneo, 
Asa  McFarland,  Caleb  Jewett  Tenney,  a  leading  founder  of 
the  East  Windsor  (now  Hartford)  Theological  Seminary ; 
Thomas  A.  Merrill,  Abraham  Burnham,  George  T.  Chapman, 
John  Brown,  Daniel  Poor,  the  pioneer  in  Christian  learning 
in  Ceylon  and  Madura ;  Austin  Dickinson,  to  whom  the  world 
is  under  large  obligations  for  a  higher  type  of  periodical 
literature;  Levi  Spaulding,  the  worthy  coadjutor  of  Poor; 
Nathan  W.  Fiske,  Daniel  Temple,  who  carried  the  first  mis- 
sionary printing-press  to  Western  Asia,  and  made  for  classic 
lands  a  Christian  literature ;  William  Goodell,  the  leading 
founder  of  two  flourishing  Christian  missions  on  heathen  soil, 
and  the  translator  of  the  whole  Bible  into  the  Armeno-Turkish 
language ;  Ephraim  W.  Clark,  John  S.  Emerson,  and  Austin 
H.  Wright,  of  similar  spirit;  Benjamin  Woodbury,  Aaron 
Foster,  a  leading  founder  of  the  American  Home  Missionary 
Society,  and  John  K.  Lord,  whose  early  death  in  the  Queen 
City  of  the  West,  was  as  the  falling  of  "  a  standard-bearer." 

To  these  we  might  add  many  eminent  living  heralds  of  the 


398  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  ' 

cross,  and  a  Hovey  and  a  Townsend  in  leading  Theological 
Seminaries.  We  cannot  more  fitly  close  on  this  head  than  by 
remarking  that  of  the  last  forty-four  subjects  in  the  second 
volume  of  Sprague's  invaluable  "  Annals  of  the  Pulpit," 
eleven  were  Dartmouth  alumni,  while  all  the  others,  save 
eight,  numbered  her  alumni  among  their  teachers. 

Dartmouth  has  an  honorable  record  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  Law  and  in  statesmanship.  Most  naturally  we  dwell 
upon  the  name  of  DANIEL  WEBSTER,  towering  in  strength 
and  grandeur,  like  the  mountain  beside  which  he  was""born, 
amid  the  surrounding  granite,  who  left  the  impress  of  his 
genius  upon  the  jurisprudence  of  his  native  State,  upon  the 
Constitution  of  his  adopted  State,  and  upon  nearly  every  con- 
spicuous page  of  America's  civil  or  political  history  for  half 
a  century  ;  who  loved  Plymouth  Rock  and  Bunker  Hill  with 
an  undying  affection,  dwelling  alternately  beside  the  one  or 
the  other ;  who  cherished  as  the  apple  of  his  eye  his  Alma 
Mater  and  the  nation  for  whose  service  she  had  prepared  him ; 
who  in  early  life  and  middle  life  and  old  age  advocated  the 
universal  brotherhood  of  man,  whether  pleading  in  behalf  of 
the  oppressed  African,  or  the  oppressed  Greek,  or  the  op- 
pressed Hungarian ;  who  gave  all  his  sympathy  and  all  his 
influence  in  aid  of  every  pursuit,  enterprise,  and  institution 
which  could  ennoble  the  human  race ;  who  made  all  other 
human  law  pay  homage  to  the  Constitution  of  his  country,  and 
all  human  law  to  the  Divine  Revelation ;  who  gave  to  Dart- 
mouth a  more  enduring  fame  throughout  America,  and  to 
America  a  more  enduring  fame  over  the  whole  earth :  of  LEVI 
WOODBUEY,  who  as  Governor  of  his  native  State  clearly  com- 
prehended and  carefully  regarded  its  various  interests ;  as  a 
Senator  commanded  the  profound  respect  of  the  National  Leg- 
islature ;  as  a  Cabinet  minister,  inaugurated  "  a  series  of  re- 
forms which  pervaded  the  whole  department,  and  penetrated 
to  every  branch  of  the  service,"  and  who  upon  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  the  United  States  gave  judicial  opinions  which  are 
44  monuments  of  patient  research,  ripe,  and  rarely  erring  judg- 
ment, enlarged  and  liberal  views,  and  eminent  attainments :  " 
of  THADDEUS  STEVENS,  of  whom  his  biographer  says  : 
u  Thoroughly  radical  in  all  his  views,  hating  slavery  with  all 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  399 

the  intensity  of  his  nature,  believing  it  just,  right,  and  expedi- 
ent, not  only  to  emancipate  the  negro  but  to  arm  him  and 
make  him  a  soldier,  and  afterward  to  make  him  a  citizen, 
and  give  him  the  ballot,  he  led  off  in  all  measures  for  effect- 
ing these  ends.  The  Emancipation  Proclamation  was  urged 
upon  the  President  by  him,  on  all  grounds  of  right,  justice, 
and  expediency ;  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Con- 
stitution was  initiated  and  pressed  by  him : "  of  Rurus 
CHOATE,  who  combined  in  more  majestic  and  graceful  propor- 
tions than  any  other  American  lawyer,  the  ripe  scholar  and 
the  successful  advocate ;  who  with  the  beauty  and  power  of 
his  language  could  captivate  a  jury,  a  popular  audience,  or 
the  American  Congress  with  equal  facility ;  who  gave  to 
English  literature  some  of  its  most  brilliant  gems,  and  who  in 
his  immortal  eulogy  upon  Webster,  in  the  opinion  of  compe- 
tent judges,  gave  to  the  world  one  of  the  most  finished  and  im- 
pressive examples  of  elegiac  eloquence  to  which  it  has  listened 
since  the  days  of  Pericles :  and  of  SALMON  P.  CHASE,  who, 
when  our  government  needed,  gave  to  it  the  "  sinews  of  war," 
and  in  the  eloquent  language  of  Evarts,  "  Whether  by  inter- 
posing his  strong  arm  to  save  Mr.  Birney  from  the  fury  of  a 
mob ;  or  by  his  bold  and  constant  maintenance  in  the  courts 
of  the  cause  of  fugitive  slaves,  in  the  face  of  the  resentments 
of  the  public  opinion  of  the  day  ;  or  by  his  fearless  desertion 
of  all  reigning  politics  to  lead  a  feeble  band  of  protestants 
through  the  wilderness  of  an ti- slavery  wanderings,  its  pillar  of 
cloud  by  day,  its  pillar  of  fire  by  night ;  or,  as  Governor  of 
Ohio,  facing  the  intimidations  of  the  Slave  States,  backed  by 
Federal  power  and  a  storm  of  popular  passion ;  or  in  consoli- 
dating the  triumphant  politics  on  the  urgent  issue  which  was 
to  flame  out  into  rebellion  and  revolt ;  or  in  his  serene  pre- 
dominance, during  the  trial  of  the  President,  over  the  rage  of 
party  hate  which  brought  into  peril  the  coordination  of  the 
great  departments  of  government,  and  threatened  its  whole 
frame,  —  in  all  these  marked  instances  of  public  duty,  as 
in  the  simple  routine  of  his  ordinary  conduct,  Mr.  Chase 
asked  but  one  question  to  determine  his  course  of  action,  — 
1  Is  it  right?'" 

Nor  should  we  forget  others  who  have  left  a  lasting  impres- 


400  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

sion  upon  the  jurisprudence  of  New  England,  and  indeed  our 
whole  country.  Among  them  SAMUEL  S.  WlLDE,  who  had 
few  peers  as  an  advocate  in  Maine,  or  as  a  judge  in  Massachu- 
setts ;  EZEKIEL  WEBSTER,  who  as  lawyer  and  statesman  left  a 
monument  in  New  Hampshire  which  shall  never  crumble ; 
RICHARD  FLETCHER,  "whose  legal  acumen,  clear,  distinct,  and 
precise  statement,  closely  reasoned  argument,  and  conscien- 
tious mastery  of  his  subject,  adorned  the  bench  no  less  than 
the  bar ; "  JOSEPH  BELL,  who  as  advocate  and  legislator,  in 
ability  as  in  station,  towered  above  most  of  his  associates  ; 
ICHABOD  BARTLETT,  "  the  Randolph  of  the  North,"  who  could 
measure  swords  with  Mason  or  Webster  or  Clay,  without 
either  shield  or  shame  ;  and  JOEL  PARKER,  who  honored  alike 
the  bar,  the  bench,  and  the  lecture-room. 

As  members  of  one  branch  or  the  other  of  our  National 
Legislature,  we  record  other  honored  names  in  alphabetical 
order : 

Samuel  C.  Allen,  who  voted  alone  in  his  place  in  Congress, 
in  favor  of  suffrage  without  regard  to  color.  Heman  Allen, 
Lemuel  H.  Arnold,  Samuel  Bell,  Samuel  N.  Bell,  Silas  Bet- 
ton,  Abijah  Bigelow,  John  Blanchard,  Daniel  Breck,  Elijah 
Brigham,  David  Brunson,  Joseph  Buffum,  Dudley  Chase, 
Daniel  Chipman,  Martin  Chittenden,  Daniel  Clark,  in  every 
public  position  a  leading  spirit,  Judah  Dana,  Samuel  Dins- 
moor,  Daniel  M.  Durell,  Ira  A.  Eastman,  Thomas  M. 
Edwards,  Walbridge  A.  Field,  Benjamin  F. .  Flanders,  Isaac 
Fletcher,  George  G.  Fogg,  Sylvester  Gilbert,  Calvin  Goddard, 
Daniel  W.  Gooch,  John  N.  Goodwin,  George  Grennell,  James 
W.  Grimes,  pioneer  statesman  of  the  far  West,  Matthew  Har- 
vey, Henry  Hibbard,  Henry  Hubbard,  a  man  of  rare  abilities 
and  influence,  Jonathan  Hunt,  Luther  Jewett,  Joseph  S.  Ly- 
man,  Asa  Lyon,  Rufus  Mclntire,  Charles  Marsh,  George  P. 
Marsh,  the  honored  son  of  an  honored  father,  Gilman  Mars- 
ton,  Ebenezer  Mattoon,  Jeremiah  Nelson,  Moses  Norris,  John 
Noyes,  Benjamin  Orr,  Albion  K.  Parris,  James  W.  Pat- 
terson, whose  eminent  abilities  and  elaborate  culture  have 
placed  him  in  the  foremost  rank  of  the  present  generation 
of  New  England  statesmen,  Charles  H.  Peaslee,  Edward  C. 
Reed,  Erastus  Root,  Joseph  Richardson,  Eleazer  W.  Rip- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  401 

ley,  equally  fearless  as  a  soldier  and  a  statesman,  Ether 
Shepley,  alike  conspicuous  for  mental  and  moral  powers, 
John  S.  Sherburne,  George  A.  Simmons,  who  by  his  own 
efforts  attained  rare  eminence,  Peleg  Sprague,  Samuel  Tag- 
gart,  Amos  Tuck,  a  pioneer  in  philanthropic  politics,  John 
Wentworth,  who  in  large  measure  maintains  the  reputation 
of  an  ancient  and  honored  family,  Phineas  White,  Leonard 
Wilcox,  Charles  W.  Willard,  Hezekiah  Williams,  and  William 
Wilson.  To  which  should  be  added  the  names  of  James  C. 
Alvord  and  -Sylvanus  Backus,  who  were  elected  to  Congress, 
but  did  not  live  to  take  their  seats. 

When  Daniel  Webster  entered  the  American  Senate,  five 
of  its  twelve  New  England  representatives  were  Dartmouth 
alumni.  Their  labors  in  Congress  form  a  part  of  the  his- 
tory of  every  Administration  of  our  National  government. 

Amos  Kendall,  beside  large  usefulness,  in  other  spheres, 
was  an  honored  Cabinet  Minister. 

Amos  T.  Akerman  has  been  similarly  honored,  as  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States. 

The  names  of  Charles  B.  Haddock,  George  P.  Marsh, 
George  G.  Fogg,  and  Edward  F.  Noyes,  deserve  honorable 
mention  in  connection  with  public  service  abroad. 

The  names  of  Samuel  Dinsmoor,  the  younger,  John  Hub- 
bard,  Ralph  Metcalf,  Peter  T.  Washburn,  Nelson  Dingley, 
and  Benjamin  F.  Prescott  should  be  noticed,  as  State  Gov- 
ernors, in  addition  to  several  who  have  added  this  honor  to 
others,  of  which  we  have  already  made  mention. 

In  Judicial  life  many  names  attract  our  notice  beside  those, 
which  have  been  mentioned  in  other  connections ;  among 
them  Nicholas  Baylies,  Nicholas  Emery,  Nathan  Weston,  Ira 
Perley,  Jonas  Cutting,  Benjamin  W.  Bonney,  Isaac  F.  Red- 
field,  Robert  R.  Heath,  Andrew  S.  Woods,  William  H.  Bart- 
lett,  John  S.  Sanborn,  and  Benjamin  H.  Steele,  of  the  de- 
ceased, and  William  G.  Woodward,  Timothy  P.  Redfield, 
George  F.  Shepley,  James  Barrett,  Jason  Downer,  Jonathan 
E.  Sargent,  Lincoln  F.  Brigham,  Oliver  Miller,  and  Charles 
Doe,  among  the  living.  Nor  should  we  forget  that  of  living 
members  of  the  American  Bar  few  names  have  been  honored 
more  in  the  East  than  that  of  Charles  B.  Goodrich,  and  few 


402  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

names  have  been  honored  more  in  the  West  than  that  of 
James  F.  Joy. 

Dartmouth  has  contributed  largely  to  American  Education. 

Bowdoin's  first  two  presidents  were  Joseph  McKeen  and 
Jesse  Appleton. 

Thomas  C.  Upham  was  one  of  its  honored  Faculty  for 
more  than  forty  years. 

Oren  B.  Cheney  was  a  leading  founder  of  Bates  College, 
in  later  years. 

James  Marsh,  John  Wheeler,  and  Joseph  Torrey  were 
successively  presidents  of  Vermont  University,  and  each  left 
upon  it  a  most  valuable  and  durable  impression. 

William  Jackson  and  Thomas  A.  Merrill  inscribed  their 
names  indelibly  upon  the  foundations  of  Middlebury  College, 
which  numbers  Benjamin  Labaree  and  Calvin  B.  Hulbert 
among  its  honored  presidents. 

Zephaniah  S.  Moore,  as  president  of  Williams  College,  gave 
to  it  the  fruits  of  his  valuable  experience  at  Dartmouth,  and 
materially  enhanced  its  usefulness ;  nor  should  we  omit  the 
name  of  its  earnest  friend  and  guardian,  Alvan  Hyde. 

In  naming  the  leading  founders  of  Amherst  College,  Pro- 
fessor Tyler  does  not  hesitate  to  place  first,  Rufus  Graves, 
and  next,  Samuel  F.  Dickinson.  The  value  of  Dr.  Moore's 
services  as  first  president  has  been  referred  to  in  a  previous 
chapter. 

A  record  of  its  obligations  to  Professor  Nathan  Welby 
Fiske  is  a  material  part  of  its  history. 

The  biographer  of  George  Ticknor  says  no  one  contributed 
more  than  he  toward  the  impulse  which  has  resulted  in  Har- 
vard's progress  during  the  last  half  century. 

Amos  Kendall  was  the  honored  founder  of  the  College  for 
Deaf  Mutes  at  Washington. 

John  M.  Sturtevant  has  an  honored  place  in  the  history  of 
education  for  the  Blind  in  the  South. 

Jonathan  P.  Gushing  resuscitated  Hampden  Sydney  Col- 
lege when  life  was  nearly  extinct,  and  made  it  again  "  a  power 
in  the  land." 

Philander  Chase,  in  founding  Kenyon  and  Jubilee  Colleges, 
gave  to  the  Episcopalians  of  the  West  two  of  their  leading 
literary  institutions. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  403 

John  M.  Ellis  founded  Illinois  College,  which,  with  the 
influences  that  centered  around  it,  in  large  measure  "  gave 
character  "  to  the  State. 

Not  less  plainly  did  he  write  his  name  upon  the  founda- 
tions of  Wabash  College,  and  not  less  plainly  have  Charles 
White,  Edmund  O.  Hovey,  and  Caleb  Mills  written  their 
names  upon  the  superstructure. 

A  proper  estimate  of  the  valuable  labors  of  Joseph  Esta- 
brook,  Stephen  Foster,  and  George  Cooke,  successively  presi- 
dents of  the  College  of  East  Tennessee,  can  only  be  made  by 
those  who  are  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  institution, 

Drury  College,  so  admirably  located,  bears  the  impress  of 
Nathan  J.  Morrison. 

Beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Samuel  H.  Willey  and 
George  H.  Atkinson  will  ever  be  honored  among  the  leading 
founders  and  guardians  of  the  College  of  California,  and  the 
Pacific  University. 

No  history  of  American-  education  will  be  complete  which 
does  not  portray  the  earnest  and  valuable  labors,  in  numerous 
other  collegiate  institutions  East,  West,  North,  and  South,  of 
a  long  roll  of  Dartmouth  alumni ;  among  them,  beside  many 
others,  already  noticed,  Joseph  Dana,  James  Dean,  Josiah 
Noyes,  Frederick  Hall,  George  T.  Chapman,  James  Hadley, 
Rufus  W.  Bailey,  Benjamin  F.  Farnsworth,  George  Bush, 
Cyrus  P.  Grosvenor,  Oramel  S.  Hinckley,  Samuel  Hurd,  Ca- 
leb S.  Henry,  John  Kendrick,  Charles  D.  Cleaveland,  Leon- 
ard Marsh,  Forrest  Shepherd,  Charles  B.  Dana,  Nathaniel 
S.  Folsom,  Jarvis  Gregg,  Milo  P.  Jewett,  Diarca  H.  Allen, 
Kendrick  Metcalf,  Jacob  H.  Quimby,  John  B.  Niles,  Daniel 
F.  Richardson,  Amos  Brown,  Calvin  Tracy,  John  C.  Webster, 
Edmund  Q.  S.  Waldron,  Augustus  Everett,  Erastus  Everett, 
Jonas  De  F.  Richards,  Abner  H.  Brown,  Henry  L.  Bullen, 
George  P.  Coinings,  David  Dimond,  Charles  H.  Churchill, 
Amos  B.  Goodhue,  Joshua  J.  Blaisdell,  Artemas  W.  Sawyer, 
Mark  Bailey,  Gideon  Draper,  Joseph  O.  Hudnut,  Henry  E. 
J.  Boardman,  Charles  S.  Farrar,  Nathan  S.  Lincoln,  John 
Ordronaux,  John  M.  Hayes,  Daniel  Putnam,  Martin  H.  Fisk, 
Isaac  A.  Parker,  Ephraim  Murch,  William  E.  Barnard,  Am- 
brose W.  Clarke,  Amos  N.  Currier,  Richard  C.  Stanley,  Al- 


404  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

bert  S.  Bickmore,  George  S.  Morris,  and  John  W.  Scribner. 
It  is  hardly  possible  to  overestimate  the  influence  of  these 
men  in  shaping  the  thought  and  life  of  our  country. 

If  we  turn  to  academies  we  find  that  Mark  Newman, 
Osgood  Johnson,  and  Samuel  H.  Taylor,  especially  the  two 
latter,  were  largely  instrumental  in  placing  Phillips  Academy, 
at  Andover,  at  the  head  of  such  institutions  in  America. 
Few  schools  of  the  kind  have  a  more  brilliant  record  than 
Kimball  Union  Academy,  and  few  American  educators  have 
acquired  more  permanent  renown  than  Cyrus  S.  Richards. 

The  labors  of  Amos  J.  Cook  at  Fryeburg,  of  John  Vose  at 
Atkinson  and  Pembroke,  of  Andrew  Mack  at  Gilmanton  and 
Haverhill,  of  John  Hubbard  at  New  Ipswich,  of  Ezra  Carter 
at  Peacham,  of  Clement  Long  and  William  Nutting  at  Ran- 
dolph, of  James  K.  Colby  at  St.  Johnsbury,  of  Ebenezer 
Adams  at  Leicester,  of  Proctor  Pierce  at  Deerfield,  of  Caleb 
Butler  at  Groton,  and  Benjamin  Green  leaf  at  Bradford,  con- 
stitute a  vital  portion  of  the  history  of  academic  education  in 
New  England.  Nor  must  we  forget  that  such  men  as  Albert 
C.  Perkins,  at  Exeter,  C.  F.  P.  Bancroft,  at  Andover,  and 
Homer  T.  Fuller,  at  St.  Johnsbury,  are  still  laboring  in  this 
important  sphere,  while  Hiram  Orcutt  is  performing  valuable 
service  in  a  somewhat  similar  sphere  at  West  Lebanon. 
Worcester  Free  Institute  is  under  large  obligations  to  Charles 
O.  Thompson  and  John  E.  Sinclair. 

If  we  turn  to  the  metropolis  of  New  England  we  find  that 
John  D.  Philbrick  has  made  her  schools  and  school-houses  in 
their  leading  features  models  for  a  world,  fit  successor  to 
Elisha  Ticknor,  the  leading  founder  of  her  primary  schools, 
and  Caleb  Bingham  and  John  Park,  who  in  large  measure 
revolutionized  female  education  in  America. 

Beaumont  Parks  taught  successfully  for  forty  years  in  In- 
diana and  Illinois;  Charles  E.  Hovey  founded  the  Illinois 
Normal  School  —  worthy  followers  of  Daniel  Story  at  Ma- 
rietta, the  pioneer  professional  teacher  of  the  West. 

John  Eaton,  as  Commissioner  of  General  Education,  has 
stamped  his  name,  indelibly,  upon  our  country's  history. 

In  Literature,  Dartmouth  has  a  worthy  record. 

In  Philosophy,  the  names  of  James  Marsh,  Thomas  C. 
Upham,  and  Caleb  S.  Henry,  command  universal  respect. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  405 

In  History,  the  names  of  George  Ticknor,  Joseph  B.  Felt, 
Joseph  Tracy,  George  Punchard,  Samuel  Hopkins,  John  Lord, 
and  Edwin  D.  Sanborn,  will  live  as  long  as  our  language. 

In  Scientific  popular  literature,  the  names  of  Abel  Cur- 
tis, who  is  believed  to  have  given  to  America  its  first  Eng- 
lish Grammar  in  a  separate  and  distinct  form,  of  Caleb  Bing- 
ham,  who  followed  in  his  footsteps  and  enhanced  the  value  of 
his  work,  of  Daniel  Adams,  who  gave  to  the  world  the  inval- 
uable Arithmetic,  of  Benjamin  Greenleaf,  whose  mathematical 
works  have  added  materially  to  the  usefulness  of  his  long  and 
busy  life,  of  Charles  D.  Cleaveland  and  Alphonso  Wood, 
are  stars  of  the  first  magnitude. 

In  Periodical  literature,  the  names  of  John  Park,  David 
Everett,  Thomas  G.  Fessenden,  Asa  Rand,  Russell  Jarvis, 
Absalom  Peters,  Nathaniel  P.  Rogers,  Ebenezer  C.  Tracy, 
Amasa  Converse,  Henry  Wood,  Nathaniel  S.  Folsom,  Alonzo 
H.  Quint,  and  Henry  A.  Hazen,  deserve  especial  notice. 

In  Polite  literature,  the  names  of  Nathaniel  H.  Carter, 
Charles  B.  Haddock,  Rufus  Choate,  George  P.  Marsh,  Rich- 
ard B.  Kimball,  and  John  B.  Bouton,  command  universal  ad- 
miration. 

The  writings  of  Samuel  L.  Knapp,  Henry  Bond,  and  Nathan 
Crosby  are  valuable  contributions  to  American  Biography. 

In  Professional  and  Classic  literature,  the  alumni  of  Dart- 
mouth have  done  a  good  work.  We  can  only  glance  at  lead- 
ing names,  many  of  which  have  been  mentioned  in  their  more 
appropriate  places.  Among  them  are  Asa  Burton,  Jesse  Ap- 
pleton,  Ebenezer  Porter,  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  Alvah  Hovey, 
Luther  T.  Townsend,  Isaac  F.  Redfield,  Silas  Durkee,  Ed- 
mund R.  Peaslee,  W.  W.  Morland,  F.  E.  Oliver,  Jabez  B. 
Upham,  Edward  H.  Parker,  Joseph  Torrey,  Nathan  W.  Fiske, 
George  Bush,  and  Alpheus  Crosby. 

In  Industrial  literature,  the  names  of  Henry  Colman  and 
John  L.  Hayes  will  be  honored  so  long  as  agriculture  and 
manufactures  shall  have  a  prominent  place  among  human  pur- 
suits. 

In  Medicine,  a  goodly  proportion  of  her  most  eminent  sons 
have  given  to  Dartmouth  their  personal  services  as  teachers ; 
we  have  only  to  recall  in  this  connection  the  honored  names 


406  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

recorded  in  a  preceding  chapter,  —  Mussey ,  Perkins,  Crosby, 
and  Peasleee.  But  other  names  claim  our  notice.  Amos 
Twitchell,  by  tireless  industry  and  fidelity  in  his  regular  pro- 
fessional work,  and  his  boldness  and  skill  as  an  operative  sur- 
geon, gained  a  reputation  equaled  by  few  in  New  England, 
and  extending  to  the  Old  World.  The  name  of  George  C. 
Shattuck  shines  with  equal  lustre,  as  the  benefactor  of  his 
Alma  Mater,  and  the  friend  of  suffering  humanity  in  the 
metropolis  of  New  England. 

Luther  V.  Bell  wrote  his  name  as  plainly  upon  the  founda- 
tions of  the  McLean  Asylum,  at  Somerville,  as  did  his  hon- 
ored father,  Samuel  Bell,  upon  the  jurisprudence  of  New 
Hampshire.  The  name  of  John  E.  Tyler  is  scarcely  less  con- 
spicuous upon  the  superstructure. 

New  Jersey  will  never  forget  her  obligations  to  Lyndon  A. 
Smith  for  the  earnest  efforts  which  gave  to  that  State  a  simi- 
lar institution.  Nor  should  we  be  silent  in  regard  to  the  ser- 
vices of  living  men  who  are  now  conducting  or  prominently 
connected  with  similar  institutions  ;  among  them,  Jesse  P. 
Bancroft,  Clement  A.  Walker,  John  Ordronaux,  Homer  O. 
Hitchcock,  William  W.  Godding,  and  John  P.  Brown. 

As  Medical  lecturers,  we  cannot  fail  to  notice  other  honored 
names  ;  among  them,  Josiah  Noyes,  Joseph  A.  Gallup,  James 
Hadley,  Jesse  Smith,  Arthur  L.  Porter,  Gilman  Kimball,  Ben- 
jamin R.  Palmer,  Noah  Worcester,  Abner  Hartwell  Brown, 
Nathan  S.  Lincoln,  and  Phineas  S.  Conner. 

A  reference  to  all  the  living  medical  alumni  of  Dartmouth, 
who  are  acting  the  part  of  useful  practitioners  or  teachers, 
added  to  the  above,  would  take  us  to  nearly  every  leading 
medical  institution,  and  nearly  every  family,  in  our  broad 
land. 

In  Productive  industry  and  the  development  of  our  national 
resources,  the  alumni  of  Dartmouth  have  an  honorable  place. 

Eastern  New  England  will  never  be  unmindful  of  her  obli- 
gations to  William  A.  Hayes,  for  his  successful  efforts  to  in- 
troduce a  better  grade  of  wool  than  had  ever  before  been 
produced  in  that  region ;  nor  will  the  country  or  the  world 
forget  their  obligations  to  his  honored  classmate,  Henry  Col- 
man,  the  American  pioneer  in  scientific  agriculture.  The 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  407 

names  of  Thomas  G.  Fessenden  and  Amos  Brown  also  de- 
serve notice  in  this  connection. 

Petroleum,  instead  of  being  at  the  present  time  a  leading 
American  product,  might  have  remained,  in  large  measure, 
in  its  ancient  bed,  but  for  the  skillful,  persevering  enterprise 
of  George  H.  Bissell  and  Francis  B.  Brewer. 

In  Railroad  enterprise,  the  names  of  Erastus  Hopkins, 
Thomas  M.  Edwards,  and  Francis  Cogswell,  in  the  East,  and 
James  F.  Joy,  in  the  West,  are  "  familiar  as  household  words." 

The  sons  of  Dartmouth  have  performed  honorable  service 
in  the  field.  More  than  a  score  were  soldiers  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. Among  them  John  S.  Sherburne,  who  lost  one  of  his 
limbs ;  Absalom  Peters,  whose  efficient  service  in  Vermont 
contributed  largely  to  the  protection  of  our  Northern  fron- 
tier ;  and  Ebenezer  Mattoon,  who  by  forced  marches  with  his 
gallant  men  furnished  cannon  which  "told"  at  Saratoga. 

In  the  War  of  1812-1815  they  acted  well  their  part.  Elea- 
zer  Wheelock  Ripley,  at  Lundy's  Lane,  after  General  Scott 
had  been  disabled  (with  the  aid  of  the  gallant  Miller), 
wrested  victory  from  an  almost  triumphant  foe,  on  the  blood- 
iest field  of  the  war. 

In  that  War,  too,  Sylvanus  Thayer  gained  a  measure  of  the 
renown  which  has  rendered  the  name  of  the  most  efficient 
founder  of  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  illustrious  in 
both  hemispheres. 

In  the  late  War  one  of  the  most  valuable  coadjutors  of  two 
of  its  leading  captains  —  Grant  and  Sherman  —  was  Joseph 
Dana  Webster. 

In  letters  of  living  light  we  write  many  other  names, 
among  them  Charles  and  Daniel  Foster  —  par  nobile  fratrum 
—  Samuel  Souther,  Charles  Augustine  Davis,  Isaac  Lewis 
Clarke,  Calvin  Gross  Hollenbush,  Valentine  B.  Oakes,  Frank- 
lin Aretas  Haskell,  Arthur  Edwin  Hutchins,  Lucius  Stearns 
Shaw,  Horace  Meeker  Dyke,  Edwin  Brant  Frost,  William 
Lawrence  Baker,  Charles  Whiting  Carroll,  George  Washing- 
ton Quimby,  George  Ephraim  Chamberlin,  Charles  Lee  Fos- 
ter, Henry  Mills  Caldwell,  and  Stark  Fellows,  who  at  Bull 
Run,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  the  Wilderness,  Cold  Har- 
bor, and  elsewhere,  gave  their  lives  in  defense  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union. 


408  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

No  aggregation  of  volumes  would  adequately  portray  the 
whole  work  of  Dartmouth's  alumni.  In  quiet  places,  the 
great  majority,  day  by  day,  and  year  by  year,  have  performed 
their  allotted  tasks.  In  such  places  all  over  America,  and  in 
other  lands,  they  have  built  their  most  enduring  monuments. 
The  calm  lustre  of  their  lives  is  almost  as  widely  diffused  as 
the  morning  light. 

ELEAZER  WHEELOCK  founded  the  college,  in  faith  and 
hope,  for  the  enlightenment  and  evangelization  of  future  gen- 
erations in  that  mighty  storehouse  of  thought  and  action,  cen- 
tral New  England. 

JOHN  WHEELOCK  carried  forward  the  work  with  energy 
and  zeal,  and  a  large  measure  of  success. 

FRANCIS  BROWN  gave  a  valuable  life  for  the  protection 
of  his  still  youthful  Alma  Mater. 

DANIEL  DANA  was  a  man  of  kindred  spirit,  and  not  less 
devoted  to  his  work. 

BENNET  TYLER  magnified  his  office,  and,  laboring  in  season 
and  out  of  season,  added  "goodly  ornaments." 

NATHAN  LORD  added  new  halls,  new  departments  and 
modes  of  instruction,  gave  larger  prestige,  and  left  the  im- 
press of  a  great  mind  upon  two  thousand  pupils. 

ASA  D.  SMITH  added  yet  other  halls,  secured  new  endow- 
ments, and  provided  a  long  line  of  scholarships,  for  the  de- 
velopment of  latent  talent,  and  the  encouragement  of  genuine 
worth. 

SAMUEL  C.  BARTLETT  brings  to  the  accomplishment  of 
his  task  the  name  of  an  ancient  and  honored  family,  and  the 
experiences  of  an  earnest  and  fruitful  life. 

Dartmouth  has  blessed  New  England  and  Old  England, 
North  America  and  the  whole  world. 

Her  location,  unrivaled  in  many  respects  by  .that  of  any 
sister  institution,  her  history,  so  full  of  romance  and  of  reality, 
and  her  work,  recorded  first  in  the  history  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  indelibly  impressed  upon  the  history  of  the  nine- 
teenth, all  warrant  the  hope  that  her  walls  may  stand,  through 
all  the  ages  of  the  future,  strong  as  the  everlasting  hills,  and 
beautiful  as  the  celestial  dome. 


REV.  SAMSON  OCCOM. 


APPENDIX. 


A  LIST 


.OF   THE 


ENGLISH  SUBSCRIBERS   TO   DR.  WHEELOCK'S 
INDIAN  CHARITY  SCHOOL  OR  ACADEMY. 


His  MOST  GRACIOUS 
MAJESTY    .... 

Mr.  Isaac  Akerman  .     . 

Mr.  John  Atkins  .     .     . 

Messrs.  Adair,  Jackson 
&  Co.  . 

Mr.  William  Ames   .     . 

Mr.  Joseph  Armitage     . 

Mr.  Joseph  Aldersey     . 

Mr.  Ebenezer  Atkinson 

Mrs.  Allovine.     .     .     . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ashworth 
of  Daintree  .     .     .     . 

Mr.  Atwell,  A.  B.     .     . 

Mr.  John  Auther      .     . 

Anonymous      .     .     .     . 

Mr.  Andrews  .... 

Mrs.  Sarah  Axford 

The    Rev.    Mr.     Sam. 
Brewer's    Collection 

Messrs.  -Dav.  Barclay  & 
Sons 

Mrs.  Brine 

Robert  Butcher,  Esq.    . 

Mr.  John  Bradney    .     . 

Mr.     Diederick    Beck- 
man     

Mr.  John  Bonus  .     .     . 

Messrs.  Bland  &  Barnett 

Mr.  Thomas  Brooks 


LONDON. 

£     s. 

d. 

Jam.    &    Hen.    Baker, 

200 

Esqs    

5    5 

0 

Thorn.  Smalley  Brown- 

5   5 

0 

ing,  Esq  

John  Bond,  Esq  .     .     . 

5    5 

0 

Bank  Note,  K  483    .     . 

5    5 

0 

Sir  —  Blackmore      .     . 

5    5 

0 

Robert  Bird,  Esq.     .     . 

2    2 

0 

Mrs.  Sarah  Bradney 

2    2 

0 

Mrs.  B.  W  

2    2 

0 

Mr.  Blunkett  of  Peck- 

ham     .     .          ... 

1     1 

0 

John  Buchanan,  Esq.    . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Clement  Bellamy    . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Geo.  Baskerville 

5 

3 

Mr.  Michael  Barlow 

5 

0 

Mr.  John  Bayley       .  .  . 

1 

0 

Mr.  Frederick  Ball  .     . 

Mr.  Jonathan  Bond  .     . 

141     2 

6 

Mr.  Bowles      .  '  .     .     . 

Mr.  Bush     

31  10 

0 

Mr.  Richard  Brown  .     . 

20    0 

0 

Mr.  William  Butler  .     . 

10  10 

0 

Mr.  Guy  Brian    .     .     . 

10  10 

0 

Mr.  J.  Busley      .     .     . 

Dr.  Bragge       .... 

10  10 

0 

Mrs.  Bragge     .... 

10  10 

0 

Mr.  Jonathan  Bowles    . 

10  10 

0 

—  Brooks,  Esq.,  of  Cam- 

10 10 

0 

bridge 

£    s.    d. 


10  10    0 


0 


10  10    0 

10  10    0 

10    0 

660 

550 

550 

550 

550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
550 
330 
330 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 

220 


410 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Joseph  Burch     .     . 
B.  C.       .    

220 
220 

Phil.   Dotton,    Esq.,  of 
Plymouth,    per     Mr. 

Mrs.  Blakesly      .     .     . 
Mr.  Henry  Burder     .     . 
Mr.  Burkitt     .... 
The    Rev.    Charles 

1  11    6 
110 
110 

Sheppard      .... 
Mr.  Darnford  .... 
Miss  Dixon      .... 

2  17    0 
220 
220 
110 

110 

JVIr   Denne                 .     • 

110 

Mrs.  B-f-t  

110 

Mr.  James  Donald   . 

110 

Mr.  George  Braithwaite 
Mr.  Joseph  Barnardistone 
Mr.  Bassingtine    .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Brown  .     . 
Mr.  Biggs,  Junior     .     . 
A  Banker's  Clerk      .     . 
Mr   Wt   B 

110 
1    1    0 
110 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
7    0 

Mr.  James  Deethait  .     . 
Mr.  James  Duncan   .     . 
Mr.  D.     ...... 
Mr.  Benjamin  Dickers, 
per  Dr.  Gibbons     .     . 
Mr.  D.  D  
Mr  Dudds                  .     . 

110 
1    1    0 
1    1    0 

1     1    0 
10    6 
10    6 

Mr  Ball 

5    3 

Mr  Dell      

10    6 

Mr.  John  Baker  .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Baker  .     . 
Mr.  Benjamin  Coles 
Messrs.  Capel,  Hanbury, 
Oswald  &  Co.   .     .     . 
Mr.  James  Crafts      .     . 
Mr.  William  Cross    .     . 
Mr.    Cranch,    in    the 

5     3 
5    0 
20    0    0 

10  10    0 
550 
550 

550 

Mrs.  Davis       .... 
Mr.  Zephaniah  Bade     . 
Mrs.  Anna  Eade  .     .     . 
Mr.  Samuel  Ewer     .     . 
Mr.  Edwards  ..... 
Mr.  E.  H  
Mr.  John  Elliott  .     .     . 
Mr.  Eaton    
Dr.  Fothergill      .     .     . 

5    3 
660 
660 
1     1     0 
1     1     0 
1     1     0 
110 
110 
21     0    0 

Mr.  James  Cox     .     .     . 
Mr.  Benjamin  Clempson 
Mr.  Lawrence  Charles- 
son 

550 
330 

330 

A  Friend  of  the  Cause  . 
Mr.  Fuller  &  Son     .     . 
Thomas  Fletcher,  Esq.  . 
Mr   Benjamin  Forsitt   . 

20    0    0 
10  10    0 
550 
550 

Mr.  Creswell,  of  Stour- 
bridge,  per  Mr.  Mick- 
lin  the  Mercer  .     ... 
M!r  Cro^s 

330 

220 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ford  .     . 
Dr.  John  Ford     .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Fisher,  Sen. 
Messrs   Flight  &  Halli- 

550 
550 
550 

Mr  Benjamin  Champion 

220 

550 

Mr.  Compson   .... 
Mr.  John  Collier      .     . 
Mr.  John  Colebrooke     . 
C.  T.  F  
Mr.  John  Cox  .... 
Mr.  Joseph  Cowper      . 
Mr.  William  Coombes  . 
Mr.  Cooper      .... 
Mrs.  Cooper     .... 
Mr.  John  Cobb     .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Crooke     . 
Mr.  Joseph  Clarke   .     . 
Mr.  Henry  Cowling 
Rt.  Hon.  William,  Earl 
of  Dartmouth,  a  Trus- 
tee and  President  .     . 
Messrs.  Deberdt  &  Bur- 
kitt       

220 
220 
1  11     6 
130 
110 
1     1    0 
1     1    0 
1    1    0 
1     1     0 
1     1    0 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 

50    0    0 
20    0    0 

Messrs.  Freeman  &  Grace 
Mr.  William  Fletcher  . 
Mr.  George  Flower  .     . 
Mr.  Fassett     .... 
Mr.  F.  P  
Mrs.  Flight      .... 
Mr.  David  Field       .     . 
A  Friend  in  the  Country 
Sir  John  Griffin  Griffin 
Mr.  William  Grace  .     . 
Mr.  Daniel  Gallopine     . 
Mr.  Gerrish     .... 
Mrs.  Sarah  Gale  .     .     . 
Mrs.  Gumley    .... 
Mr.  Grainger  .... 
Mr.  John  Geere,   Sen., 
collected  by  him    .     . 
Mr.  Robert  Griffiths     . 

550 
330 
220 
1     1     0 
110 
1     1     0 
1     1    0 
10    0 
20    0    0 
10  10    0 
10  10    0 
550 
550 
550 
500 

4  14    6 
440 

Mr.  John  Dick     .     .     . 
D.  T  

550 
550 
550 

Mr.  Daniel  Goodwin 
Mr.    John      Geere,     of 
Hythe 

3     7    6 
330 

Mr.  William  Dermer  . 

550 

Thomas  Gibbons,  D.  D. 

220 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


411 


Mr.  Walter  Gelly     .     . 
G.  E.      ...... 

2 
2 

2 
2 

0 

o 

Mr.  Griffin 

2 

2 

o 

Mr.  Joseph  Gibbon  .     . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Gardner    .... 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Grote    . 

2 

2 

o 

Mrs.  Nellaby  Gibson     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Gould   .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Miss  Gould       .... 

1 

1 

0 

Messrs.  G  

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Ann  Gusthart   .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Samuel  Gordon 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Owen  Griffith    .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Good        .... 

10 

6 

Mrs.  G  s  .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  William  Gardiner 

5 

0 

Isaac  Holies,  Esq.    . 

100 

0 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Holden's 

collection  of  Deptford 

51 

2 

0 

Sir  Charles  Hotham,  a 

Trustee,  deceased 

50 

0 

0 

Mrs.  Halsey     .... 

50 

0 

0 

Charles  Hardy,  Esq.,  a 

25 

o 

o 

Mr.  Robert  Hodgson     . 
Sir  Joseph  Hankey  and 

20 

0 

0 

10 

10 

o 

Mr.  William  Hervey     . 

10 

10 

0 

Edward  Hollis,  Esq.     . 

5 

5 

0 

Thomas  Hollis,  Esq.     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Richard  Hawtyn    . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Peregrine  Hogg     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Hugh  Hnmstone     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  John  Hose  &  Son  . 

5 

5 

0 

Richard  Hill,  Esq.    .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Thomas  Hall,   Esq.,   of 

Harnfel    Hall,     near 

5 

5 

o 

Messrs.    Higgins,     Gar- 

rett  &  Hartfield     .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Joseph  Hart     .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Benjamin  Horrocks 

3 

3 

0 

Miss  Hillier     .... 

3 

3 

0 

Mr.  Howell      .... 

2 

12 

6 

Mrs.  Ann  Hollo  way 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.    Thomas    Heckley, 

per  Dr.  Gibbons   .     . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Holdgate  .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Houston    . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  William  Heathfield 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Horton      .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Nathaniel  Hillier  . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Hett     .... 

1 

1 

o 

Mr.  Hunt   

10 

6 

Mr.  Heath       .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Harley      .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Richard  Hatt  .  .  10  6 

Mr.  William  Hunter  .  10  6 

Mrs.  Harle  ....  10  6 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hatham, 

of  Loughborough  .  .  10  6 

Mrs.  Halford  and  Son  .  7  6 

Mrs.  H.  P 50 

I.  S 20  0  0 

Mr.  Jackson,  of  the 

Temple 10  10  0 

Mr.  Thomas  Justis  .  .  550 

Mr.  John  Jones  ...  330 

Mr.  Edward  Jefferies  .  220 

J.  P 220 

I.  R.,  per  John  Sabatier  220 

Mr.  Thomas  Jefferys  .  220 

Mr.  Jacomb  ....  110 
Mr.  Jackson,  Basing- 

hall-St 110 

Mr.  J,  G 110 

Mr.  Judd 10  6 

Mr.  Richard  Jeffreys  ,  10  6 
Mr.  Philip  Jones,  at 

Upton  in  Worcester- 
shire    53 

Mr.  Robert  Keen,  a 

Trustee 25  0  0 

Mr.  William  Kelly  .  ' .  550 

Mr.  King 330 

Mr.  John  Kennedy  .  .  220 

Miss  Kingsley  ...  110 

Samuel  Lloyd,  Esq.  .  21  0  0 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  John  Langford's  13  0  0 

Mr.  George  Lowe  .  .  10  10  0 

Mr.  Thomas  Lowe  .  .  10  10  0 

Mr.  John  Laurence  .  .  550 

Mr.  L.  F 220 

Mr.  Samuel  Luck  .  .  220 

Mr.  L.  G 220 

Mr.  Robert  Lathroppe  .  110 

Mrs.  L.  G 110 

Mr.  L.  D 1  11  6 

Mr.  John  Lefevre  .  .  110 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Langford  110 

Mrs.  Lavington  ...  110 

Mr.  Lawrence  ...  10  6 
His  Excellency,  General 

Monckton  ....  21  0  0 

Mr.  B.  Mills  ....  20  0  0 
Messrs.  R.  H.  &  R. 

Maitland  .  .  .  .  10  10  0 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Martin's 

Collection  at  Deptford  510  0 

Mr.  James  Mabbs  .  .  550 

John  Mills,  Esq.  ...  550 


412 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Thomas  Maltby 

5 

5 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Mr    Thomas  M^ason  .     • 

5 

f> 

o 

Mr.  Parks        .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Samuel  Moody  .     . 
Mr.  Maine,  of  Kensington 
Mr.  Thomas  Mayor  .     . 
Mrs.   Marlow,    per   Dr. 
Gifford     .               .     . 

5 
5 
5 

5 

5 
5 
5 

5 

0 
0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Edward  Pitts     .     . 
Mr.  George  Prettiman  . 
Mrs.  Mary  Parker    .     . 
Mr.  John  Payne  .     .     . 
Mr   N   Paul 

1 

1 
10 
10 
10 
5 

0 
6 
6 
6 
3 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Madan    . 
Mr.  Millet    

5 
4 

0 
5 

0 

o 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Phillips  . 
Mr.  Peakes       .... 

5 

9 

0 
fi 

Mrs.  Molineaux    .     .     . 
Mr.  Mangles    .... 
Mr.  Brough  Maltby  .     . 
Mr.  Messenger      .     .     . 
Mr.  Samuel  Matthews  . 
Mr.  Peter  Mallard     .     . 
Mr.  Morris  

3 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
9 

6 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

0 

6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine's 
Collection      at       St. 
Anne's,  Black  Friar's 
Samuel  Roffey,  Esq.,  a 
Trustee     .... 
Mrs.  Roffey,  of  Lincoln's 
Inn  Fields    .... 

107 
50 
10 

13 
0 

10 

3 
0 
0 

1 

1 

o 

Marchioness  of  Rocking- 

Mr.  Thomas  Matravers 

1 

1 

o 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Moggridge     .     .     . 
Miss  March      .... 
Mrs.  M  

1 
1 
1 

1 
.1 
I 

0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Samuel  Rickards    . 
Mrs.  Russel      .... 
Mrs   Radcliffe  .... 

10 
10 
10 

10 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

Mr.  Marston    .... 
Mr.  D.  Maitland  .     .     . 
Mr.  Morrison  .... 
Mr.  James  Murray    .     . 
Mr.  Samuel  Mason    .     . 
Mr.  Samuel  Munday 
M.  C  . 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
10 
10 
10 
10 

0 
0 
0 
6 
6 
6 
6 

Mr.  Henry  Rutt  .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Robarts     .     . 
Mr.  Matthew  Randall  . 
Mr.  George  Rutt  .     .     . 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rawlins  . 
Miss  Rymers    ..... 
Mr.  John  Robin   . 

3 
5 
5 
3 
2 
2 
1 

3 
•  5 
5 
3 
2 
2 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.     Robert     Newton, 
per  Charles  Steer       . 

*>0 

o 

o 

Mrs.  Russel,  of    Greek 
Street       

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Ric.  Neave  &  Son  . 
Mr.  Edw.  Thomas  Nel- 

21 
2 
2 

0 
2 
2 

0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Stephen  Roe      .     . 
Mr.  Rumley     .... 
Mr.  Robarts     .... 

10 
10 
5 

6 
6 
3 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noyes 
Miss  Nichols    .... 

2 
2 
1 

2 
2 
1 

0 
0 

o 

Right    Hon.     Earl     of 
Shaftesbury  .... 
Mr.   Samuel   Savage,  a 

31 

10 

0 

Mr.  Abraham  O^ier      . 

2 

•  o 

Q 

Trustee    .... 

100 

0 

0 

Mr.  John  Orton   .     .     . 
Mr.  Olney  
Mr.  John  Oldham     .     . 
Mr.  John  Oliver  .     .     . 
Thomas    and     Richard 
Penn,  Esqs.      .     .     . 
Messrs.  Pewtress  &  Rob- 

2 
1 
1 

50 
10 

2 
1 
1 
10 

0 
10 

0 
0 
0 
6 

0 

o 

Samuel  Sparrow,  Esq.  . 
Rev.      Dr.      Stennett's 
Collection     .... 
The   Rev.  Mr.  Charles 
Skelton's  Collection  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.   Stafford 
and  his  Friends     .     . 
William  Stead,  Esq. 

50 
42 
13 

10 
10 

0 
10 
13 

10 
10 

0 

11 

0 

0 
0 

Mr.  James  Pearson  .     . 
Mr.  Pomeroy  .... 
Mrs.  Rachel  Phipps  .     . 

5 
2 

0 

5 
2 
2 

0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Robert  Stuart     .     . 
Mr.    Baron    Smythe,    a 
Trustee         .... 

10 
6 

10 
fi 

0 
0 

Mr.  Michael  Pearson     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Prettyman 
Mr.  Rowland  Page   .     . 
Mr.  John  Prentice    .     . 
Mr.  John  Page     .     .     . 
Mrs.  P  
Mr.  John  Price     .     .     . 

2 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Samuel  Stainton     . 
Mr.  Sherland  Swanstone 
Mr.  James  Smith      .     . 
Mr.  J.  Short    .... 
Mr.  John  Striteal     .     . 
The  Rev.  Sam.  Martin 
Savage     ..... 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Mr.  Chancey  Poole  .    . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  SaFnsbury  Sibley    . 

5 

5 

0 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


413 


Mr.  Smith  (partner  with 

Mr.  Nash)    .... 

5 

5 

0 

Mrs.  Sowdon    .... 

4 

4 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Smith  .     . 

3 

3 

0 

S.  W  

3 

3 

0 

Messrs.  Simmonds&Co. 

3 

3 

0 

Mr.  Self  

2 

12 

6 

The  Rev.  and  Hon.  Mr. 

Shirley     

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  R.  Saddington    .     . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Sarney  

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Joseph  Smithers 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Somerhayes    .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  S.  G  

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Seaber  .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Shrapnell  .... 

1 

1 

0 

S.  F  

1 

1 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Spilsbury 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Savage 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  James  Still     .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Spicer  .     . 

1 

1 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Sheppard 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  James  Smith      .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Sparks  .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  William  Slow     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Edward  Shickle 

18 

0 

Mr.  Statham    .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Francis  Simpson     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Stibbs  

10 

6 

Mrs.  Scott       .... 

5 

3 

S.  S  

5 

3 

John  Thornton,  Esq.,  a 

Trustee  and  Treasurer 

100 

0 

0 

Barlow  Trecothick,  Esq. 

21 

0 

0 

.  Sir  John  Toriano      .     . 

20 

0 

0 

Sir  John  Thorold,  Bart. 

of  Cranwell      .     .     . 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  William  Tatnall      . 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Turville    . 

10 

10 

0 

A  Lady  Unknown,  per 

Mr.  Thompson 

10 

10 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Thomson 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  John  Town  send  .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Robert  Trevors 

2 

2 

0 

T.  B  

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Robert  Territ    .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Messrs.  Tredway  &  Bay- 

ley      

1 

1 

0 

T  

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Twelves    .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Thome      .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Timothy  Topping  . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Taylor       .... 

12 

0 

Mrs.  Tomkins       .     .     . 

10 

6 

Miss  Ann  Tayleure  .     . 

10 

6 

A  Person  Unknown  .     . 

50 

0 

0 

A  Gentleman  and  sev- 
eral Ladies  to  be  un- 
known    30  9  0 

James  Vere,  Esq.      .     .  20    0    0 

Mr.  Vowell  the  Stationer  220 

A  Providential  Guinea  .  110 

A  Lady  Unknown    .  550 

A  Person  Unknown  .     .  220 

Ditto 220 

Cash  Unknown    ...  220 

Unknown 10  10    0 

Unknown,  four  entries, 

each 110 

A  Lady  Unknown    .     .  10    6 
Unknown,  nine  entries, 

each 10    6 

Ditto,    per    Rev.    Mr. 

Traile 10    6 

Ditto,    per    Rev.     Mr. 

Franks 10    6 

Mr.  Veck    .....  10    6 
Unknown,  four  entries, 

each 55 

Wm.  Wilberforce,  Esq.  25    5    0 
Mr.  Rich.   Wilson  and 

Lady 25    5    0 

Dan.  West,  Esq.,  a  Trus- 
tee         25    0    0 

Samuel      Wordsworth, 

Esq 10  10    0 

Miss  Ann  Wordsworth  10  10    0 

Mr.  John  Wallaston      .  10  10    0 

Mr.  Stephen  Williams  .  10  10    0 

Messrs.  Welch  &  Rogers  1010    0 
Mr.  Thomas  Whitehead, 

per  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine  614    9 

Mr.  Jonathan  Wathen  .  550 
Mr.    Rob.    Waller,    at 

Gosport 550 

Mr.  Nathaniel  Weeks   .  550 

Mr.  Robert  Watkinson  550 

Mr.  Thomas  Wilson     .  550 

Mr.  Moses  Willatts  .     .  550 

Mr.  George  Wilkinson  .  550 

Mr.  William  Willatts   .  550 
Mr.    John    Wathen   & 

Son      ......  330 

Mr.  James  Walker  .     .  330 

Mrs.  Mary  Ward  ...  330 

Mr.  Wheelar   ....  330 

Messrs.  Thomas  &  John 

Wellings       ....  220 

Dr.  Wray 220 

Mr.  Woodroffe     ...  220 
Mr.  Walker,  in  White- 
chapel      220 


414 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Walcot,  of  Dart- 

9 

? 

0 

Mr.  Nicholas  Fabyon,  etc. 
Mr.  James  Furman  . 

15 

10 

0 
6 

Mr.  Whiten  &  Co.    .     . 
Mr.  Wilson     ..... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Watson  . 
Mr.  Caleb  White      .     . 
Mr.  Joseph  Wolmer     . 
Mr   Wells  . 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Richard  Harris  .     . 
Mr.  Joseph  Leaman 
Rev.  Mr.  Naylor,  vicar 
of  Ashburton   .•    .     . 
Mr.   Walter  Park   and 
Family               ... 

1     1 
10 

1    1 

2    0 

0 
6 

0 
0 

Mr.  Samuel  Williams  . 
Mrs.  Waddilove  .  .  . 
Mr.  Wilton  .... 
Mr  Wells  .... 

1 

1 
1 

1 

0 
0 
0 

o 

Mrs.  Mary  Rennell,  etc. 
Mrs.  Sowter     .... 
Miss   Soper  and  Sister, 
each         .          ... 

18 
10 

10 

9' 
6 

fi 

Mr.  Withers  .... 

1 

1 

o 

Mr.   Soper  

5 

8 

Mr.  Wallis  

1 

1 

o 

Messrs.  John,  Richard  & 

Mrs.  Wordsworth  .  . 
Rev.  Dr.  Worthington  . 
Mr.  Welch  .... 
Mrs.  Williams  ... 
Mr.  William  W.  .  .  . 
X.  Q. 

50 

10 
10 
10 
5 
4 
0 

6 
6 
6 
3 
0 
0 

Moses  Tozer     .     .     . 
Mr.  Nicholas  Tripe  .     . 
A  Person  Unknown  .     . 
Samuel  Windeat  .     .     . 
Mr.  Winsor      .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Waters  . 

1  16 
10 
7 
10 
5 
10 

6 
6 
6 
6 
3 
6 

y.  R  

1 

1 

0 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 

z. 

5 

9 

Mr.  Waters' 

8  16 

7 

Total  in  LONDON      .£3165    3    8 

COLLECTIONS     AT     ABINGDON,     IN 
BERKSHIRE. 

Mr.  Joseph  Butlar    .     .  21    0    0 

Mr.  Joseph  Tomkins     .  10  10    0 

Mr.  William  Tomkins    .  10  10    0 

Mr.  Benjamin  Tomkins  10  10    0 

Mrs.   Tomkins      .     .     .  10  10    0 

Mr.  Nathaniel  Roberts  550 

Rev.  Mr.  John  Moore  .  220 

Miss  Palmer     ....  220 

Mr.  Thomas  Flight  .     .  220 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Flight  .  110 

Mr.  Joseph  Fuller    .     .  110 

Mrs.  Sarah  Fuller    .     .  110 

Rev.  Mr.  Daniel  Turner  110 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Turner  10    6 

The  Public  Collection  .  566 

DONATIONS  AT  ASHBURTON,  IN 
DEVONSHIRE. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Bradford, 

of  Buckfastleigh  .  .  550 
Mr.  Richard  Bennett, 

etc 1  14  3 

Mrs.  Mary  Berry  .  .  13  0 

Mrs.  Susannah  Bennett  3  0 

Mr.  Cocksley  ....  10  6 

MissEals 10  6 

Mr.  Peter  Fabyon,  etc.  169 


DONATIONS  AT  ST.  ALBANS  IN 
HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Collected  at  Rev. 
Messrs.    Hiron's  and 
Gill's 22    2    2J 

DONATIONS  AT  ASHFORD,  IN  KENT. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Harrison       110 
Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Brook's      ...       9    1    9f 
Do.  at  Rev.  Mr.  Gilla- 

brand's 500 

DONATION  AT  ASHBORN,  IN  DERBY- 
SHIRE. 

Collected  at  Rev.  Mr. 

Rawlins' 2    8  11 

DONATIONS  AT  AULCESTER,  IN 
WARWICKSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Broadhurst's  .     .       245 

DONATION  AT  APPLEDORE,  IN  KENT. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Evan's  .          ..800 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


415 


BRISTOL. 

? 

9 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Evans  .     . 
Mr.  John  Edwards   .     . 
.Mrs.  Edwards  .... 

1 

1 
10 
10 

0 
6 
fi 

Mr.  P.  Allard  .... 
T.  &  M.  Allard    .     .     . 
Mrs.  Allison     .... 
Mr.  Robert  Atkins    .     . 
Mr.  William  Arnold 
Mr.  Apthorp    .     .     .     . 
John  &  Fran.  Bull,  Esqs. 
Miss  Brown      .... 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
10 
5 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

10 
5 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Mrs.  E.  H.  
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
$tr.  Evan's  Meeting  . 
Rev.  Mr.  Wm.  Foote     . 
Mr.  Frampton      .     .     . 
Mr.  George  Fownes  .     . 
Mr.  Farnall      .... 
A  Friend    

30 
2 
2 
2 
1 

5 

0 
2 
2 
2 
1 
10 

3 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

fi 

Miss  Sarah  Barrow  .     . 

3 

o 

0 

Mr.  Frame  

10 

fi 

Mr.  Britton      .... 
Sarah,   Mary,  and  Na- 
thaniel Britton      .     . 
Mrs.  Bull  and  Miss  Bull 

2 
1 

12 
1 

6 
0 

Mr.  Francis     .... 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Foot's,  at  Rally 
Hill     

6 

4 
10 

6 
7 

one  guinea  each    .     . 
Mr.  Blake    

2 
1 

2 
1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Gordon      .... 
Mr.  Jos.  Green 

5 

s 

5 

R 

0 
0 

Mr.  Edward  Bright 
Mr.  Edward  Brice     .     . 
Mrs.  Badcocke      .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Bryant       .     . 
Mr.  Beverston       .     .     . 
Mr.    Jas.    and    Miss 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Mr.  Garlick      .... 
Mr.  Gomond    .... 
Mrs.  George     .... 
Rev.  Mr.  Grand,  Rector 
of  Durham  
Mr.  Griffith      .     .     .     . 
Mr.  Grander     .... 

2 
2 

2 

2 
1 
1 

2 
2 
2 

2 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

Mr.  Daniel  Brown     .     . 
Mr  Baker    .     .          .     . 

10 

5 

6 
0 

Mr.  Robert  Gordon  .     . 
Mr.  J  Gordon      .     . 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 

Mr.  John  Collett  .     .     . 

5 

5 

0 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  James  Cowles     .     . 
Mr.  Robert  Coleman 
Mr.  Robert  Cottle     .     . 
Mr.  Francis  Collins  .     . 
Rev.  Mr.  Cook  of  Ding- 

5 
3 
3 
2 

?, 

5 
3 
3 

2 

2 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Mrs.  Joanna  Gough  .     . 
Mrs.  Gorton     .... 
Collected   at   Mr.   Gil- 
lard's,  Castle  Green  . 
Mr.  R.  A.  Hawksworth  . 
Mr.  William  Hazle   .     . 

1 

11 
5 
5 

1 
10 

0 
5 
5 

0 
6 

9 
0 
0 

Mr.  William  Cowles 
Lady  Croston       .     . 
Mrs.  Cheston   .... 
Mrs  Collins      .     .     .     . 

2 

1 
1 
1 

2 
1 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.  John  Harris  .     .     . 
Mr.  Mark  Hartford,  Jr. 
Mr.  William  Hale     .     . 
Mrs.  Hale    .     . 

5 
2 

1 
1 

5 
2 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.  Richard  Champion 
Mr.  Ric.  Champion,  Jr. 
Mr.  George  Champion  . 
Mr.  Benjamin  Chandler 
Mr.  Richard  Carpenter 
Mr.  Cottles'  men  .     .     . 
Mr.  Henry  Durbin    .     . 
Mrs.  D  

1 

1 
1 

2 

9 

1 
1 
1 
10 
10 
4 
2 

9, 

0 
0 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
0 

Mrs.  Howard       .     .     . 
Mrs.  Hibbs       .... 
Mr.  Haddocke      .     .     . 
Messrs.    Hewlett    and 
Rainsford     .     ... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hart  .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Haines     . 
Mrs.  Hill     

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

15 
10 
10 
10 

0 
0 
0 

9 
6 
6 
6 

? 

2 

0 

Mr.  George  Harris  .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Dugdale    .... 
Mr.  Edward  Daniel  .     . 
Mr.  Dallaway  .... 
Mr.  John  Dafforn      .     . 
Mr.  William  Day      .     . 
Mr.  E.Daniel.     .     .     . 

1 
1 
1 

11 

1 
1 
10 
10 
2 
5 

6 
0 
0 
6 
6 
6 
0 

Mr.  Hollister    .... 
Mr.  Hopkins    .... 
Mr.  Harmer      .... 
Mr.  Hall      .... 
Mr.  Howell  Harris     .     . 
Mr.  Hewlett  and  Chil- 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

11 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

0 

Mr.  Daniel  

9 

6 

IMr   Hinton           •     •     • 

4 

0 

Mr.  John  Evans  .     .     . 

3 

3 

0 

416 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Collected  at  Mr.  Har- 

6 

11 

4 

Mrs.  Poole,     Bridewell 

2 

? 

0 

Capt.  James     .... 
Mr.  James  Ireland    .     . 
Mrs.  Mary  Johnson  .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Jillard    . 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Johnson 
jVIr  James             ... 

5 
5 
3 
2 
2 
1 

5 
5 
3 
2 
2 
7 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Mrs.  Pollard  and  Pierce 
Mr.  Purnall      .... 
Mr.  John  Parstow    .     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Purnall 
Mr.  Power  and  Children 
Mrs.  Price  

1 
1 
1 
1 

16 

1 
1 
1 
15 
10 

6 
0 
0 
0 
6 
fi 

1 

I 

o 

Mr   Parry 

10 

fi 

Mrs.  Mary  Jackson  .     . 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Power      .... 
Mr.  Charles  Prosser 

10 
10 

6 
fi 

IVIr    Sam  Johnson    .     • 

10 

6 

Mrs.  Poole  

10 

fi 

jIMrs.  Kin"   

4 

4 

0 

Collected  at  Chelwood, 

The  B.  of  K—  's  Lady 
Mr.  E.  King     .... 
Collected  at  Kingswood 
Harford  Lloyd,  Esq* 
Mr.  Thomas  Ludlow     . 
]Mr  Christopher  Ludlow 

1 

6 
5 
5 

5 

1 
2 
4 
5 
5 
{> 

0 
6 
0 
0 
0 

o 

by  Dr.  Pearce  .     . 
Ditto,  at  Peaulton    .     . 
William  Rewees,  Esq.  . 
Mrs.  Roscoe    .... 
Mr.  Rienke      .... 
Mrs.  R  

13 
7 
10 
1 
1 
1 

5 
1 
10 
1 
1 
1 

6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.  William  Ludlow     . 
From  two  Ladies       .     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Ledyard   . 
Mr.  John  Lawle   .     .     . 

3 
2 

2 

1 
1 

3 
2 
2 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.  Rogers  
Mrs.  Rogers     .... 
Mrs.  Rowles     .... 
Mr.  John  Storck  .     .     . 
Mr.     Stonehouse,    Mill 

1 
5 

10 
1 
10 
5 

6 
0 
6 
0 

I 

I 

o 

Hill               .         .     . 

3 

3 

0 

Mr.  Treat  Ludlow     .     . 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 

0 

Mr.  Edward  Stanfell    . 
Mr.  Joseph  Sievier  .     . 

3 
2 

3 
12 

0 
fi 

Mr.  Llewellyn,  etc.   .     . 
Miss  Ludlow    .     .     .     . 
Mr.  Lewis       .... 
Mr.  R.  Ludlow     .     .     . 
Mr.  Lemon       .... 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Mr.  M. 
Mr.  Meyler,  Sen.      .     . 
Mrs.  Merlott    .... 
Mr.  Munkley  .... 
Mrs.  Milliard  .... 
Mr.  Maynard  .... 
]Mr  Martin 

10 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

14 
10 
10 
5 
5 
10 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 

6 
6 
6 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Isaac  Stephens  .     . 
Mr.  B.  Stevenson      .     . 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Stonehouse 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Symes    . 
Counsellor  Skidmore  .  . 
Mr.  Thomas  Seymour   . 
Messrs.  Simmonds   and 
Woodman     .... 
Samuel  Sedgeley,  Esq. 
Mr.  Joseph  Shapland    . 
Mr.  Daniel  Searnell 
Mr   Smith  

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

11 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
10 
10 
2 

6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
6 
6 
fi 

1 

1 

0 

Sundry  small  ones    .     . 

6 

6 

Mrs.  Moore       .... 
Mr.  John  Morgan     .     . 
Mr.  Maxwell    .... 
Mrs  M             .... 

1 

1 
10 
10 
10 

0 
6 
6 
6 

Mr.  Josiah  Taylor    .     . 
Dr.  Townsend      .     .     . 
Mr.  Thomas    .... 
Mr.  Tomlinson     ... 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

Mr.  J.  Maynard  .     .     . 
Mrs.  

2 
5 

6 

0 

Mr.  Teague     .... 
Collected    at  the   Rev. 

10 

6 

Mr.  John  Needham  .     . 
Mr  Nash     

10 
10 

6 
6 

Mr.  Thomas's  Meet- 

15 

6 

1 

Mr.  Overbury  .... 
Mr  Owen             .     .     . 

1 
1 

7 
1 

0 

o 

Unknown,     2     entries, 

2 

2 

0 

IMr   Owen        .... 

10 

6 

1 

11 

0 

Mr.  Pynock     .... 
Widow     Poole     Broad 

2 

2 

0 

Unknown,     2     entries, 

1 

1 

0 

Street  

2 

2 

0 

Ditto,  3  entries,  each     . 

10 

fi 

Mr.  Samuel  Peach    .     . 
Mrs.  Parsons   .... 

2 
2 

2 
2 

0 
0 

Samuel  Webb  .... 
Mr.  Peter  Wilder     .     . 

5 
5 

5 
5 

0 
0 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


417 


Mr.  Edward  Whatley  .       5 

Mrs.  Willis,  in  Rose- 
green,  Kingswood  .  5 

Mr.  F.  Weaver    ...        1 

Mr.  Samuel  Waterford  .       1 

Mr.  Daniel  White     .     .       1 

Mr.  Jos.  and  Charles 
Whittuck  ....  1 

Mr.   Watts       .... 

Mr.  Woodward    .     .     . 

Mr.  Abraham  Whit- 
luck  

Mr.  Wills    .     . 

Mr.  Whituck  .... 

Mr.  Williams  .     .     . 

Mr.  J.  Watts  .     .     . 

A  Widow    .'.... 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Whitfield's  Tab- 
ernacle, Mr.  Row- 
and's,  £3  4s  .  .  .  25 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  Room  .  23 


5    0 

5  0 

1  0 

1  0 

1  0 

1  0 
10  6 
10  6 

10     6 
10    6 


50 

6     6 
15    0 


BRADFORD,    IN   WILTSHIRE. 

Mr.  Humphrey  Trywell  110 
Mr.  John  Smith  ...  110 
Mr.  Joseph  Smith  .  .  110 
Mr.  Saunders ....  110 
Mrs.  Towgood  and  Mr. 

Baines 10  3 

Collected  at  Rev. 

Messrs.  Haine's,  Skir- 

ven,      and      Foote's 

Meetings 18  14  8 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Spencer 

and  Friends  7  14    0 


BRIDGEWATER,     IN     SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 

Counsellor  Allen  ...  110 

Thomas  Allen,  Esq.      .  110 

Counsellor  Bingford,  etc.  130 

Rev.  Mr.  Burroughs      .  10    6 

Mr.  Chubbs      ....  53 

James  Hervey,  Esq.      .  10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  S  tans bury  5    0 

Dr.  Taylor 110 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Wilson's    .     .     .  10  15    6 
Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Har- 
ris's       280 

27 


BRATTON. 

Mr.  John  Blatch  ...  110 

Mr.  William  Ballard  .  110 
Mrs.  Ann  and  Eleanor 

Ballard 10  6 

Mrs.  Mary  Drewett  .  .  110 

Mrs.  Eleanor  Ellis  .  .  50 

Mrs.  Eleanor  Froud  .  .  1  19  6 
Mr.  Henry  Phipps  Ren- 

dall 50 

Mrs.  Sarah  Rendall  .  5  0 

Jeffery  Whitaker,  Esq.  220 

Mrs.  Thomas  Whitaker  110 

The  General  Collection  170 

BIDDIFORD,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

George  Buck,  Esq.  .  220 

Charles  Davie,  Esq.  .  10  6 

Mr.  Greening  ...  110 

Walter  Shallabar,  Esq  550 

Mrs.  Saltren  ...  170 

Unknown  ....  53 
Rev.  Mrs.  John  White 

field 220 

Collected  at  Rev.  Mr. 

Samuel  Lavington's  35  19    6 

BARNSTAPLE,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected  at  Barnstaple  3115  6 
From  the  parishes  of 

Withredge  and  Thel- 

bridge 17    1 

BLANFORD,  IN   DORSETSHIRE. 

Edward  Madgwicke,  Esq.  4  4  0 

Mrs.  Gifford  ....  330 
Mr.  Thomas  Roe  and 

Dr.  Pultney,  etc.  .  .  120 

Mr.  Matthew  Cummings  110 

Rev.  Mr.  Henry  Field  .  220 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Field's  .     .     .     .  13  16    5 

BREMISTER,    IN   DORSETSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Bryant's     ...  960 

BRIDPORT,   IN  DORSETSHIRE. 

Miss  Whitty  ....  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Booker's    .     .     .  31    5    6 


418 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


.L/iiiu    au   ivuv.  J.U.A.   tjui/- 
ton's     11  18     0 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

BROUGHTON. 

Collected  at   the   Rev. 
Mr.  Steel's  ....     11    0    0 

BOURTON,    ON   THE  WATER. 

William  Snooke,  Esq.  .     10  10    0 
Collected    at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Beddom's  .     .     .     19  10    0 

Mr.  Symmonds      .     .     13    6     7J 

BINGLEY. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Lilley's      ...     11    1    ll 

BRADFORD,   IN  YORKSHIRE. 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Crab  tree's  ...       6183^ 
Rev.  Mr.  Sykes,  Vicar  .          10    6 

Thn  T?ov    Mr                  .                  10     6 

BROOM8GROVE,   IN   WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

From  an  unknown  lady, 
per  Mrs.  Blackmore, 
of  Manchester  ...       660 
Collected       at        Rev. 
Messrs.  Phillips',  Jen- 
kins',     and      Butter- 
worth's    20  17    8J 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Smith    .       110 
Collected    by   ditto    of 
his  people  ....       550 
Ditto  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Wesley's  people   .     .       800 

BIERLEY. 

Richard       Richardson, 

P«n                                                      1010      0 

BEDWORTH. 

Rev.    Mr.    Hewlett,    a 
clergyman  ....          10    6 
Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Saunder's  ...       9  14    9 

BEDFORD,   IN    BEDFORDSHIRE. 

Mr.  Belsham   ....       220 
Joseph  Barham,  Esq.    .       110 
Mr.  Bayley      ....       110 
Mrs.  Berthray      ...          10    6 
Messrs.  Costins    ...       220 
IVTr   Oiistprson                               10     6 

Collected  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Stillingfleet    .     .       6  16    6 

BURSTALL,   IN   YORKSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  ...       6    6    4£ 

BURY,  IN   SUFFOLK. 

Mr.  Crosbie     .     .     .     .     10  10    0 
Mrs.  Crosbie    ....     10  10    0 
Mr.  Robert  Hay  ward    .     10  10    0 
Mr.  Robinson  and  Son  .       660 
Mr.     Cumberland    and 
Sons              ....       660 

Mr.  Dunton      ....            30 
Mr.  Franklin  ....            50 
William  Foster,  Esq.     .       110 
John  Howard,  Esq.  .     .       550 
IVlrs   Hensman      .     •     •       110 

Mrs.  Sarah  Cumberland       550 
Miss  Crosbie   ....       220 
Mr.  Joseph  Frost      .     .       220 
Rev.  Mr.  B.  Mills,  Rec- 
tor         110 

Mr  Kino-     330 

Miss  M.  Crosbie  ...       110 

Mr  Leach       ....          10    6 

Mr  William  Hollman   .       110 

Messrs  Neo-us  ....      1116 

Mr    Odell°.     ....       550 

Mr.  Charles  Darby  and 

Mr  Palmer  Sen            .       220 

Wife        10    6 

Mr.  Palmer,  Jr.   ...       110 
Rev.   Mr.  Joshua    Sy- 

Mr.  Umfreville     ...          12    6 
Collected  at   the  Rev. 
Mr.  Saville's     ...       3  18  10} 

M.rs   Sanderson                     110 

Mrs.  Lucas  220 

Mr.  Wilsher    ....       110 

Mrs.  Darby      ....       110 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


419 


Mrs.  Wright    .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Anne  Tabor      .     . 

2 

2 

0 

Palmer,  Esq. 

1 

1 

0 

Unknown  

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

0 

Ditto,  per  the  Rev.  Mr. 

Mr.  Knock       .... 

1 

1 

0 

Davidson     .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Ely  

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  John  Watkinson    . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Chaplin     .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Samuel  Watkinson 

10 

6 

Mr.  Mast     

10 

6 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mrs.  Mast  

5 

3 

Mr.  Davidson's 

33 

9 

9 

Mr  Leech             ... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Sleckles     .... 
Mrs.  Webster  .... 

10 
10 

6 
6 

BERKHEMPSTEAD,     IN    HERTFORD- 
SHIRE. 

Mr.  Bullen       .... 

8 

0 

Mr.  Rutter       .... 

5 

3 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Bland     . 

5 

0 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Duncom     .... 

5 

0 

Mr.  Lincoln's    . 

4 

18 

10 

-VT        r               "F^rl 

10 

6 

Mrs.  Noyse       .... 

10 

6 

BRAINTREE  AND  BOOKING 

,  IN 

Mrs.  Thompson   .     .     . 

10 

6 

ESSEX. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Sexton's    .     .     . 

7 

3 

6 

Mr.  Gamaliel  Andrews 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Boosey,  Sen.      .     . 
Mr.  Boosey,  Jun.      .     . 

3 
1 

3 
1 

0 
0 

BASINGSTOKE,  IN   HAMPSHIRE. 

Mr.  Thomas  Boosey 

1 

1 

0 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of 

Mr.  Barnet      .... 

1 

1 

1 

Bolton      

3 

3 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Bennet 
Mrs.  Barber     .... 

10 
10 

6 

6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Burroughs 

10 
1  0 

6 
g 

Mr.  Crackenthorp     .     . 

10 

10 

0 

as  e  .     .     .     . 

±.  \J 

10 

6 

John  Churchman,  Esq. 
Mr.  Darcy  Clark  .     .     . 

4 

2 

4 
2 

0 
0 

Mr.  England    .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hinchman 

1 

1 

10 

0 
6 

Mr.  John  Church      .     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Davey  .     . 

1 
3 

16 
3 

0 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ingham 
Collected   at  Rev.   Mr. 

10 

6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Davidson 

2 

2 

0 

Ino-ham's       .... 

4 

9 

10 

Mr  Death 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Portsmouth   .     .     . 

10 

6 

Mrs.  Anne  English  .     . 
Mr.  John  English     .     . 

6 
3 

6 
3 

0 
0 

Mrs.  Payton     .... 
Mr.  Russell      .... 

2 
1 

2 
1 

0 
0 

Deacon  Fuller     .     .     . 

4 

4 

0 

From  Sundries     .     .     . 

3 

4 

0 

Mr.  Fordham  .... 
Mr.  Harriott    .... 

5 

10 
5 

6 
0 

Mr.  Vicary       .... 
Rev.  Mr.  Underwood    . 

10 
10 

6 
6 

Mr.  Halls    

1 

1 

o 

The     Rev.    Dr.     Hall, 
Dean  of  Booking  .    , 

1 

1 

0 

BRIGHTHELMSTONE,   IN 

SUSSEX. 

Mr.  Hall      

10 

6 

n  n     4-  A     e  TV/T     T*       u 

Mr.  Joseph  Josline  .     . 

10 

6 

uoiiecteu.  01  ivir.  .tseacn 
and  other  Friends  of 

Mr.  John  Lambert    .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Religion  

8 

1 

9 

Mr.  Isaac  Livermore 

1 

6 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Lake     .     . 
Mr.  Livermore,  Glazier 

2 

1 

2 

1 

0 
0 

BEACONSFIELD,   IN    BUCKINGHAM- 

Mrs. Mayor      .... 

6 

6 

0 

SHIRE. 

Rev.  Mr.  Powell,  Rector 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Samuel  Anthony    . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Quincey   .... 

10 

6 

Collected    at  the   Rev. 

Mrs.  Reeve      .... 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Darby's     .     .     . 

7 

7 

9 

Mr.  Richard  Sayer  .     . 

6 

6 

0 

J 

Dr.  Stapleton  .... 
Mr.  Joseph  Saville  .     . 

5 
3 

5 
3 

0 
0 

BEVERLY,   IN   YORKSHIRE. 

Mr.  John  Tabor  .     .     . 

6 

6 

0 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Samuel  Tabor    .     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Harris'       .,    .     . 

4 

12 

8| 

420 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


BOSTON,    IN   LINCOLNSHIRE. 

Brought  by  Mr.  Robert 

Barlow 10  10    0 

BUNGAY,    IN   SUFFOLK. 

Mr.  Thomas  Prentice  .       550 

Collected  and  sent  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  New- 
ton, near  Norwich  .  1170 


BEWDLEY,    IN     WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected  by  the   Revs. 
Messrs.  Skeys  ...     20    3    3 


BATH. 

The    Right    Rev.     the 
Bishop  of  Derry   .     . 
Mrs.  Browne   .... 
Mrs.  B.  Bethell     .     .     . 
Mrs.  Bethell    .... 
William  Blake,  Esq.     . 
Mrs.  Bearsley  .... 
Mr.  John  Bleakley   .     . 
Thomas  Bury,  Esq.  .     . 
Countess  of  Charleville 
Mr.  Colborne   .... 
Mr.  Benjamin  Colborne 
Mr  Cox                .     .     . 

10  10    0 
10    0    0 
550 
550 
330 
220 
1     1    0 
1     1    0 
550 
220 
220 
110 

Governor  Dinwiddie 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Dechair 
Mrs.  E  .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Frank    . 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Frank's      .     .     . 
Dr.  Gusthart   .... 
Hall  Atfield,  Esq.     .     . 
Mr.  William  Hoare  .     . 
Mrs.  Hervey    .... 
IMr  Jones                  •     . 

330 
220 
1     1     0 
1     1     0 

26  10    4£ 
220 
10    6 
110 
10    6 
10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Jessie     . 
Major  Maine    .... 
Mr  Allen     

1     1     0 
550 
110 

Andrew  Millar,  Esq. 
Mr.  Richard  Marchant 
Mr.  Edward  Marchant 
Mrs.  Magee      .... 
John  Miller,  Esq.     .     . 
Dr.  Moysey     .     .     .     . 
Mr.  Parker       .... 
Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Parsons      .     •     • 
James  Roffey,  Esq.  .     . 

550 
330 
110 
110 
110 
110 
1     1     0 

11     8  11 
550 

Mrs.  Revead   .... 

William  Roffie,  Esq.      . 

Hon.  Richard  Salter    . 

The  Rev.  J.  Sparrow   . 

Mrs.  Shally     .... 

Mr.  Speering  .... 

Unknown    

John  Wentworth,  Esq., 
Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  .... 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  .  .  . 

BROMPTON. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Potts'  .... 

CHALFORD. 

Collected  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Phene  .... 

CROSCOMBE. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Watkins'  .  .  . 


1    1 

1    1 

5    5 

1     1 

1     1 

5 

5 


21    0    0 
615 


206 


660 


1  13    0 


CALUMPTON,  IN   DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected  at  Rev.  Messrs. 

Cassel's  and  Morgan's       5    9    < 


CULMSTOCK. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Gillerd's     .     .     . 


516 


CREDITON,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

Rev.  Mr.  Hart,  Vicar    .          11    6 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  J.  Berry's       .     .     30    0    0 

CHUDLEIGH,  IN    DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Joel  Orchard's    .     1113    6 


CREWKERN. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Taggart . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Cox    .     . 

Collected    at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Blake's       .     .     . 


110 
10    6 


17    4    4 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


421 


COVENTRY,    IN   WARWICKSHIRE. 

Mr.  John  Deeks   .     .     . 
Dr          -      

110 
10    6 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Edwards 
and  three  of  his  par- 
ishioners .          ...       3  13    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Dowdle  . 
Mr.  John  Fordham  .     . 

TYp     C*  r»rl  frp  v 

10    6 
10    6 
111     fi 

Collected  of    the    Rev. 
Messrs.  Jackson's  and 
Lloyd's  people  .     ...     56     7    2-J- 
Collected  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Butterworth's  people      10  19    6 
Collected  of    the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Simpson's  and 
Alcott's  people      .     .     39  14  101 
Mr.  Cleve    1  16    0 

Mr.  Edward  Harrington 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Mason  . 
Mr.  Midcalf      .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Petto       . 
Mrs.  E.  Powel      .     .     . 
Mr.  Robert  Rist  .     .     . 
Mr.  Edward  Seach   .     . 
Mr.  Robert  Salmon  .     . 

TVTV     SVmttlpwnrtVi 

10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
15    0 
1     1    0 
220 
220 
10     fi 

Mrs.  Tibbits     ....       110 

Unknown 

110 

Mr   Mayor                      .       110 

31  q       e 

CIRENCESTER,    IN   GLOUCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Davis      .       1116 
Mr.  Freeman    ....       220 
Mr.  Kimber      ....       110 
Mr.  Wilkins     ....       110 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Johnson.          10    6 
Mr.  Wavel  10    6 

Mrs.  Urwine    .... 
Mr.  John  Wright      .     . 
Two  Widows  .... 
Collected  at   the    Rev. 
Mr.  Petto  's  .... 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Of  Mr.  Robinson,  by  a 
person  unknown 

10    6 
220 
10    6 

797 
21    0    0 

Mr.  Francis  Turner  .     .          10    6 
Mr.    John    Reeve    and 
Unknown     ....          10    0 

Ebenezer  Hollick,  Esq. 
Mr.  Richard  Forster     . 
Mi«s  Patterson     .     .     . 
MJ*   Eaton  

10  10    0 
550 
330 
330 

CHELTENHAM,   IN   GLOUCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Dunscomb's         .       949 

Mr.  Lincoln      .... 
Dr.    Randall,  Professor 
of  Music  
The  Rev.  Mr.  Robinson 

220 

220 
1     7    0 
170 

CARLISLE,  IN  CUMBERLAND. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Robinson          10    6 
Collected   at   the    Rev. 
Mr.  Mills      .....       8147 

CASTLE   HEDINGHAM. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ford       .       220 

Mr.  Purchase  .... 
Mrs.  Hawthorn    .     .     . 
Alderman  Gifford      .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones  (Ely) 
Mr.  Mayor  
Messrs.     Penticross     & 
Decoetligon       .     .     . 
Unknown,  by  Mr.  Brooks 
Mrs.  Lancaster  and  Mrs. 
Halsall     

1     1    0 
1     1     0 
1     1     0 
1     1    0 
1     1    0 

1     1     0 
1     1    0 

15     9 

Mr.  U  110 

Dr    Smith    Vice-  Chan- 

Collected    at   the   Rev. 

10    6 

Mr.  Ford's    .     .     .     .  12    14    3| 

Mr.  N.  V.  Stephens      . 
Mr.  Juet     .... 

10    6 
10    6 

COGGESHAI  L    IN  ESSEX 

Mr.  Pike      

10    6 

10    6 

Mr.  John  Abbott      .     .       220 
Mr.  Buxton      ....       110 
Mr.  Joseph  Bott  ...          10    6 
Mr.  Joseph  Choate   .     .       110 
Mr.  John  Choate  ...          10    6 

Mr.      William     Blows 
(Whittier)  .... 
Mr.  Rayner  (Duxford) 
Collected    at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Robinson's     .     . 

0  10    6 
10    6 

22  10    3 

422 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Collected  at  the    Kev. 
Mr.  Saunders'  .     .     .     1755 

CLEAVERING. 

Collected  at    the    Rev. 
Mr.  Reynolds'  ...      5  12     8£ 

CHESHAM  IN  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

Scotto  Esq.  .  .  550 

Dr.  Rumsey  .....  110 

Mr.  Lasenby  ....  110 

Mr.  John  Harden  .  .  110 

Mr.  Putnam  ....  13  0 

Mr.  Hepburn  ....  10  6 

Mr.  Richard  Wheeler  .  10  6 

Mr.  John  Priest  ...  10  6 

Mr.  Putnam  ....  106 

Mr.  Simson  ....  10  6 

Mr.  Treacher  ....  10  6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Spooner  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Cock's  and  Mr. 

Spooner's     ....  688 

CHEYNE3. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Cromwell's      .     .      486 

COLNBROOKE,  IN  BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Woodman's    .     .       6  12    0 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Leighton, 

ofUxbridge      ...       110 

CRANBROOKE,  IN  KENT. 

Collected  at   the    Rev. 

Messrs.  Noyse's  and 

Dobb's 780 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.       Colville's      of 

Goodhurst    ....          17    6 

CANTERBURY,  IN  KENT. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Perronet  110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Benge    .  110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Delasay  .  5    0 

Mr.  Claris 110 

Mr.  Lapine      ....  10    6 


Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Messrs.  Sheldon's  and 

Chapman's  .  .  .  .  15  17  2 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Perronet' s  ...  230 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Wesley's    ...       2  16    8 

CHATHAM,  IN   KENT. 

William  Gordon,  Esq., 

and  Lady      ....  220 

Brooks,  Esq.    .     .  110 

Dr.  Craddocke     ...  110 

Mr.  Poley    .     .     •     .     .  10    6 

Mr.  Stubbs      ....  10    6 

Unknown 20 

Collected     at     Messrs. 

Neal's  &  Meremeth's  310    6£ 
Collected  at  the  Taber- 
nacle      11    2    2f 

THE  DEVIZES  IN   WILTSHIRE. 

Collected  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Benj.  Fullar  and 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Henry 
Williams  ....  28  7  0 

DARTMOUTH,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Adams'  .  .  .  23  10  6 

DORCHESTER,    IN   DORSETSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Lamb's  ...  12  12  5 
Persons  unknown,  sent 

to  Messrs.  Pewtress  & 

Robarts    ......       220 

DUDLEY,   IN   WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Handcox's  .  .  12  12  lOf 

DERBY. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Thomas  White's  5  14  9 

DEDHAM. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.   Bingham's     .     .     13  13    6 


DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


423 


DURHAM. 

Collected  at  the  Dis- 
senting Meeting  .  .  2  18 

DOVER,    IN   KENT. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Holt's  and 
Ashdown's  ....  81 

DENTON,   IN  NORFOLK. 

Collected   by  the   Rev. 


Mr.  Booking     .     .     . 

7 

10 

0 

A  Clergyman  .... 

10 

6 

A  Gentleman  .... 

7 

6 

DEAL,   IN   KENT. 

Collected  by  the   Rev. 

Mr.  John  Say      .     . 

3 

15 

8 

EXETER,   IN   DEVONSHIRE. 

Mr.  Joseph  Allen     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Edward  Addicott  . 

1 

1 

0 

Dr.  Andrews   .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr   Abbot        .... 

10 

6 

A.  C  

10 

6 

Mr.  Charles  Barrinf     . 

3 

3 

0 

Mr.  Bellfield    .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Buckland     .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Caleb  Blight  .     .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Britland     .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  John  Bowrug     .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Bastard     .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Bidwell    .... 

10 

6 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Batters- 

bv 

5 

3 

Benjamin   &    Elizabeth 

Binham,  each  .     .     . 

1 

0 

Mr.  Cranch      .... 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Samuel  Coade    .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.   John    Carter,   per 

Mrs.  Trowbridge  .     . 

1 

1 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Clark     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Peter  Clark  .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  William  Clark  .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Coleman  .... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  William  Coward    . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Coffin,  Sen.  .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Messrs.  Clark  &  Mayne 

11 

0 

Mr.  Cross    .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Charlock  .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Coffin,  Jr.      ... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Thomas  Coffin  .     . 

10 

6 

Miss  Coffin      .     .     .     . 

5 

3 

Mr.  Casely 

Mr.  Joel  Cadbury  .  . 
Mr.  John  Catbury  .  . 
Mr.  John  Cadbury  .  . 
John  Duntze,  Esq.  . 
Mrs.  Dickers  .... 
John  Duntze,  Esq.,  Sr. . 
Mrs.  Durnsford  .  .  . 
Capt.  Dawson  .  .  . 
Mr.  Dennis  ,  .  .  . 
Mr.  Richard  Durnsford 
Mrs.  Evans  .... 
Mrs.  Ann  Enty  .  .  . 
Mr.  Richard  Evans  .  . 
Mr.  Matthew  Frost  .  . 

Dr.  Glass 

Mr.  Thomas  Gearing  . 
Madam  Gould  .  .  . 
Mr.  Jonathan  Green  . 
Mr.  James  Green 
Mr.  Thomas  Glass  . 
Mr.  Benjamin  Grant  . 
Dr.  Gifford  .... 
Mr.  G.  A.  Gibbs  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Glyde,  widow  .  . 
Mr.  John  Gifford  .  . 
Mr.  Joseph  Gillett  .  . 
Mrs.  Glyde  .... 
Mr.  Samuel  Glyde  .  . 
Mr.  William  Grigg  .  . 
Mr.  John  Holmes,  Jr.  . 
Mrs.  Mary  Hollworthy . 

Mr.  Harris 

Mrs.  Hallett,  widow 
Mrs.  Hillman,  widow  . 
Mr.  William  Hornsey  . 
Miss  Handlugh  .  .  . 
Mr.  William  Holmes  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Hogg .  . 
Rev.  Mr.  Richard  Hale 
Mr.  Hornsey  .... 
Mr.  Hartsel  .... 
Mrs.  Jones,  widow  .  . 
Mr.  John  Jerwood  .  . 
Mr.  Herman  Katten- 

camp        

Mr.  Abraham  Kenneway 
Mr.    Wm.    Kenneway, 

Sen 

Mr.  William  Kenneway 
Mr.  William  Kent    .     . 

Mr.  Kelley 

Matthew  Lee,  Esq.   .     . 

Mrs.  Lee 

Mrs.  Lavington     .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Luke     .     . 


10    6 
10    6 
5    0 
5    0 
660 
440 
330 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
5    3 
110 
110 
1     1     0 
10    6 
330 
220 
1  10    0 
7    0 
7 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 


1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 


1  0 
12  6 
10  6 

5    3 


3    3 

2    2 

1    1 

1     1 

1     1 

10    6 

10    6 

10    6 

10    6 

10    6 

5    3 

5    3 

1     1     0 

110 

330 
220 


550 

220 

110 

10    6 


424 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Capt.  Luke 

Mr.  John  Luke     .     .     . 

Mr.  Luscombe,  Sr.   .     . 

Mr.  Humph.  Mortiraore 

Mr.  Samuel  Milford  .     . 

Mr.  Mandrott  .... 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Musgrave 

Dr.  Musgrave,  M.  D.     . 

Mrs.  Katharine  Moore  . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Moore     . 

Mr.  Killow  Nation    .     . 

Mr.  James  Newman  .     . 

Mr.  Ogburn      .... 

Mr.  Samuel  Parminter  . 

Mrs.  Praed       .... 

Mr.  John  Vowler  Par- 
minter   

Mrs.  Pope  (widow)  .     . 

Mr  Joseph  Pope    .     .     . 

Mrs.  Parminter    .     .     . 

Mr.  Benjamin  Peckford 

Mr.  John  Phillips    . 

Mr.  Matthew  A.  Paul  . 

Mr.  William  Pittfield   . 

Mr.  Robert  Prudom 

Mr.  Pengelly  .... 

Paddington  Meeting 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Chancel- 
lor Quick  .... 

Mr.  John  Reed    .     .     . 

Mrs.  Ridler     .... 

Mr.  Reeves     .... 

Mrs.  Stockes,  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Towgood  .. 

Mr.  Thomas  Smith  .     . 

Mr.  Samuel  Short    . 

The  two  Miss  Shepherds 

Mr.  John  Stoodley    .     .   , 

Mr.  John  Stephens  .     . 

Mr.  Charles  Stoodley   . 

Mr.  George  Sealey   .     . 

Mr.  John  Shorland  .     . 

John  Shapley,  Esq.  .     . 

Mr.  Joshua  Saunders    . 

Mr.  Edward  Score   .     . 

Mr.  Samuel  Sweetings  . 

Mr.  Strong 

Mr.  Spry 

S.  C 

Mr.  Sams 

Mrs.  Skinner  .... 

Mr.  Jonathan  Tucker   . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Stephen 

Mr.  William  Tucker  . 
Towgood  .... 

Miss  Townsends      .     . 


10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

10 

6 

11 

6 

2  2 

0 

1  1 

0 

5 

3 

5  5 

0 

3  12 

0 

2  2 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

10 

6 

10 

6 

1  19 

6 

2  2 

0 

1  11 

6 

1  1 

0 

•  4 

0 

3  3 

0 

2  2 

0 

2  2 

0 

2  2 

0 

1  16 

0 

1  7 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

1 

0 

2 

6 

2  2 

0 

1  11 

6 

1  1 

0 

1  1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

3 

0 

1 

9 

0 

1 

3 

6 

1 

1 

0 

15 

9 

10 

G 

10 

G 

6 

9 

5 

3 

Messrs.  Tozer  and  Da- 
vis        110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Tozer     .       110 

The  Rev.  Mr.    Micajah 

Towgood       ....       110 

Mr.  Tanner      ....          10    6 

Mrs.  Mary  Trowbridge  10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Turner   .          10    6 

Mr.  Tucker     ....          10    6 

Mr.  Henry  Tarrant  .     .  69 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Tarrant .  5    3 

Unknown,  per  Rev.  Mr. 

Towgood       ....       3  12    0 

Ditto,  per  ditto     .     .     . 

Mrs.  Vowler    .... 

Unknown     

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto,  per  Mrs.  Pope     . 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto,  per  Mr.  Morris   . 

Ditto 53 

Ditto 50 

Ditto 50 

Ditto 

John  Waldron,  Esq.     . 

Mr.  John  Waymouth     . 

Mr.  Henry*  Waymouth 

Mr.  Samuel  Waymouth 

Mrs.  Mary  Waymouth 

Miss  Waymouth  .     .     . 

Mrs.  Sarah  Waymouth 

Mr.  Benjamin  Withers 

Mr.  Joshua  William,  Sr. 

Mr.  Joshua  William,  Jr. 

James  White,  Esq.  .     . 

Mr.  Franklin  Waldron 

Mr.  Thomas  Williams  . 

Mrs.  Whites     ....          10    6 

Mr.  Edward  White  .     .          106 

Collected    at  the  New 

Meeting 25    8    5] 

Ditto  at  Bow    .     .     .     .     19    9    9-^ 

Ditto  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 

William's      ....       5175^ 

Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis'      317    9 

Ditto  at  the  New  Bap- 
tist Meeting      ...       3  16    6 

EVERSDEN. 

Collected    at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Bond's  ....       3170 


3 

6 

3    3 

0 

2     2 

0 

2    2 

0 

2     2 

0 

1  10 

0 

1     7 

0 

1     7 

0 

1     7 

0 

1     1 

0 

10 

6 

1     1 

0 

1     1 

0 

1     1 

0 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


425 


EVERSHAM,   IN    WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected    at  the  Eev. 

Mr.  Cardale's  ...       4  11    21 
Rev.  Mr.  Cardale  220 


FROOME,    IN    SOMERSETSHIRE. 


Mr.  T.  Bunn  .     .     .     . 

Mr.  Smith 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bayley     . 

Mr.  Walter  Sheppard  • 

Mr.  William  Sheppard  . 

Mr.  John  Allen    .     .     . 

Mr.  Mortimer's  House  . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Housdon 

Mr.  Burril 

Mrs.  Sheppard     .     .     . 

Mr.  Z.  Bailey       .     .     . 

Mr.  JTandcock      .     .     . 

Mrs.  Handcock    .     .     . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Clarke  . 

Mrs.  Pritchard     .     .     . 

Mr.  Henry  Allen  .     .     . 

Mr.  Matthews      .     .     . 

Mr.  Dan.  and  Mrs.  Le- 
titia  Wayland  .  .  . 

Mr.  J.  Allen  and  Mrs. 
.  Rachel  Tymball  .  . 

Mr.  Henry  Sheppard    . 

Mrs.  Lacey       .... 

Mr.  Griffith     .... 

Mr.  Ames   .     .     .     .     . 

Mr.  James  Jordan     .     . 

Mr.  Benjamin  Ball    .     . 

Some  Silver     .... 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Kingdon 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Kingdon's  .  .  . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Sedge- 
field  

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Sedsefield's  . 


5     5 

0 

4    4 

0 

2     2 

0 

2    2 

0 

2    2 

0 

2    2 

0 

2     2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1     1 

0 

1     1 

0 

1     1 

0 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

12 

6 

1     1 

0 

18  18    6 

220 

1216    6 


FARNHAM,   IN   SURREY. 

Rev.    Mr.    John   Wig- 
more    10    6 

Unknown 10    6 


FOLKSTONE,  IN  KENT. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Whitehead's  .     .     13    6 


GLOUCESTER. 

Alderman    Harris    and 

Friends 770 

Esquire  Wade  ...  220 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Dickinson's  .  .  13  14  3 
Ditto  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 

N.  Phene's  ....  52  6  9 
Sent  afterwards  by  Rev. 

Mr.  Phene   .  .       2  17    0 


GLASTONBURY,  IN   SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Phillips 


1    1    0 


GOSPORT,    IN   HANTS. 

Mr.  Robert  Waller   .     .  550 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Williams  110 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Williams'  .     .     .  39    4    2 


GILDERSOM. 

The    Rev.     Mr.     Ash- 
worth's  Collection      .       400 

GUILDFORD,  IN    SURREY. 


Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Chamberlain's    . 


1  18    0 


GODALMING   IN    SURREY. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Ring       .  110 
Collected    at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Ring's  ....  230 

GRAVESEND,  IN    KENT. 

Collected  by  Mr.    Oc- 

com  at  the  Meeting   .  Ill    3] 

HITCHIN,  IN  HERTFORDSHIRE. 

John  Radcliffe,  Esq.      .  550 

Miss  Ann  Ireland      .     .  550 

Mr.  Brown       ....  550 

Mr.  Simson      ....  440 

Mr.  John  Dearmer   .     .  440 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hickman  330 

Mr.  Vincent     ....  330 

Mr.  John  Dermer     .     .  330 

Mr.  Thomas  Dermer     .  330 


426 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Richard  Tristam    . 

3 

3 

0 

HALLIFAX,   IN   YORKSHIRE. 

Mr.  John  Gutherage     . 
Mr.  William  Wiltshire, 
Jr                  .... 

3 
3 

3 
3 

0 
0 

Dr.  Leigh,  Vicar       .     . 
Collected  of  the  people 

10 

10 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  W.    .     . 

2 

2 

0 

of    the      Established 

Mr.  John  Stephens  .     . 
Mr.  John  Goodwyn  .     . 
Mrs.   Brown     .... 
Mr.  John  Creasey     .     . 
Mr.  Isaac  Field     .     .     . 
Mr.  Philip  Rudd       .     , 
Mr   Hide     

2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
2 
1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Church     
Mr.  John  Lea  .... 
Mr.  Benj.  Dickinson     . 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Marshall 
Mr.  James  Kershaw  .     . 
Mr.  David  Stansfield     . 
Mr.  William  Buck    .     . 

13 
3 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

18 
3 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Miss  Sukey  Field     .     . 
Mr.  William  Childs  .     . 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Joseph  Rollings 
Collected     at    Hallifax 

1 

1 

0 

10 

13 

6 

Mr.  Thomas  Baldock    . 

. 
15 

9 

Collected    at  the    Rev. 

Mrs.  Flack  

10 

6 

Mr.  Knight's     .     .     . 

4 

4 

8^ 

Unknown     

10 

6 

Mr.  Henry  Croesy     .     . 

10 

6 

HECKMONDWAKE. 

Mrs.  Wiltshire      .     .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  John  Newman   .     . 

10 

6 

Rev.  Mr.  James  Scott   . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  Patternoster  .     .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  John  Priestly,  Sr.  . 

5 

5 

0 

Mrs.  Warbv     .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Joseph  Priestley     . 

5 

5 

0 

Mr.  William  Crawley    . 

10 

6 

Mr.  William  Priestley  . 

5 

5 

0 

Miss  Sally  Smith      .     . 

5 

3 

By  Sundry  Persons  .     . 

1 

16 

6 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Collected   at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Hickman's     .     . 

13 

7 

8J 

Mr.  Scott's   .... 

16 

3 

^ 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  James'  .... 

84 

0 

7 

HULL,   IN  YORKSHIRE. 

HULL   BISHOPS 

The  Corporation  of  Hull 

21 

0 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Haskell  . 

1 

1 

0 

The  Corporation  of  the 
Trinity     House,      at 

Mrs.  Downing  .... 

10 

6 

Hull     

21 

0 

0 

Thomas  Drake,  Esq. 

10 

6 

Alderman  Watson  &  Son 

10 

10 

0 

Mr.  Robert  Daw  .     .     . 

5 

0 

Alderman  Wilberforce  . 

10 

10 

0 

Alderman  Cogan  .     .     . 

5 

5 

0 

HALL   STOCK. 

Robert  Wilberforce,  Esq. 

5 

5 

0 

William  Thornton,  Esq. 

5 

5 

0 

Collected  by   Mr.    Oc- 

H.  Etherington,  Esq.    . 

5 

5 

0 

com     

15 

9 

Joseph  Sykes,  Esq.  .     . 

-5 

5 

0 

Mr.  P.  Green  .... 

4 

4 

0 

HARBOROUGH,    IN  LEICESTER- 

Joseph Pease,  Esq.   .     . 

3 

3 

0 

SHIRE. 

The   Rev.    Mr.    Arthur 

Robinson,  Vicar    . 

2 

2 

0 

Collected  at   the   Rev. 
Mr.  Addington's  .     . 

28 

1 

6 

Cornelius  Cayley,  Esq.  . 
Benjamin  Blaydes,  Esq. 

2 
2 

2 
2 

0 

0 

Nathaniel  Maisters,  Esq. 

2 

2 

0 

HOOKNORTON. 

Mr.  Robert  Macfarland 

2 

2 

0 

Mrs.  Frances  Wilkinson 

2 

2 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Whitmore 

2 

3 

0 

Mrs.  Jane  Wilkinson     . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  Richard  Moxon,  etc. 

1 

1 

0 

HAWORTH. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Clarke     . 

1 

1 

0 

Gardner  Egginton,  Esq. 

1 

1 

0 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

- 

Mr  Spivie  .         ... 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Hartley's   .     . 

12 

6 

H 

Mr.  Hickson     .... 

1 

1 

0 

DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


427 


Mrs.  Hannah  Hall  .  .  110 

Peter  Thornton,  Esq.  .  110 

A  Providential  Guinea  .  110 

Mrs.  Ann  Thompson  .  10  6 

Mrs.  Lydia  Finley  .  .  50 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Burnet's  ...  24  0  0 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Beverly's   .     .     .  17    0    0 

HADLEY,  IN  SUFFOLK. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Tom's     ....  13    2    1 

HALSTEAD,  IN  ESSEX. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Field's  ....  23    9    0 

HEMPSTEAD  IN   HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Dr.  Wiltshire  .     ...  10  10    0 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Jones      .  220 
The   Rev.    Mr.  White- 
head,  etc 1116 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Sterling  .  110 

Rich.  Richardson,  Esq.  110 

Mr.  Collett 110 

Mr.  Squires      ....  10    6 

Mr.  Dearmer    ....  106 

Rev.  Mr.  Hews,  Curate  2  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Jones'    ....  11    5    1 

HIGH  WICKHAM,  IN  BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE. 

Mr.  Carter 330 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Smithson  330 

Mrs.  Price 2  12    6 

Mr.  Allnut  and  Children  212    6 

Mr.  Edmund  Ball      .     .  220 

Mr.  Hartley's  Family     .  220 

Mr.  Haydon     ....  220 

Mr.  Shrimpton     ...  220 

Mr.  John  Hollis   ...  220 

Mr.  Hannon     ....  110 

Mrs.  Aldersey  ....  110 

Mrs.  Salter 110 

Mr.  Grove 110 

Mr.  Blackwell      ...  1  '  1    0 

Mrs.  Ives 110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Llewellin, 

Clergyman    ....  110 

Mrs.  Galpin     ....  110 


Mrs.  Kiddle  . 
Mr.  Crouch  . 
Mrs.  Gibbons  . 
Mr.  Goodwin  . 
Mr.  Doney 
Mr.  Lee 


10  6 
10  6 
10  6 
10  6 
10  6 
53 


Collected    at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Smithson's      .     .  7    7  ll 

HENLEY. 

Collected   at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Gainsborough's    .  8  14  10 

HORSHAM,  IN  SUSSEX. 

Mr.  Thos.  Shelley,  Jr.  .  110 

Mrs.  Shelley  ....  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Thomas'  ...  3  17  0 
Collected  at  the  Baptist 

Meeting   .....  140 

HYTHE,  IN   KENT. 

Collected   at  the    Rev: 

Mr.  Clarke's  ...  790 
Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  Clergy- 

man     ......  10    6 

HERTFORD. 

From       an      Unknown 

Friend,  by  Rev.  Mr. 

Saunders  .  .  .  .  550 

Mr.  Isaac  Rudd  ...  220 

Mr.  Thomas  Jeeves  .  .  220 

Dr.  Samuel  Rogers  .  .  2j  2  0 
Mrs.  Whittenburg  and 

Children  .....  220 
Mrs.  Upton  and  Children  220 

Mr.  Sprat  .."...  220 

Richard  Isles,  Esq.  .  .  220 
Miss  Isles  .....  '220 
Mrs.  Dimsdale  .  ,.  .  •  22  0 

Mrs.  Came  .....  220 

Mrs.  Chamberlain  .  .  110 

Mrs.  Gatward  ....  110 

Mrs.  Haynes  ....  110 

Mrs.  Man  .....  110 

Mr.  Lawrence  ...  110 

Mr.  Rackstraw  ...  110 

Mr.  Haynes  ....  110 

Mr.  Benjamin  Young  .  110 

Mr.  Worsley  ....  110 

Mr.  John  Flack  ...  110 


428 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Thomas  Plows   .     .  10    6 

Mr.  John  Page     ...  10    6 

Mr.  Samuel  Saunders    .  10    6 

Miss  Martha  East     .     .  10    6 

Mrs.  Hanscombe  ...  10    6 

Mr.  John  Harrod      .     .  10    6 

Rev.  Mr.  John  Saunders  110 

Mr.  J.  Wood  ....  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Saunders'  .     .     .  20  11     9 

IPSWICH,  IX  SUFFOLK. 

Mr.  John  Barnard  .  .  4-40 

Mr.  John  Flindall  .  .  440 

Mr.  John  Turner  .  .  330 

Miles  Wallis,  Esq.  .  .  330 

Mr.  George  Nolcut  .  .  220 
Messrs.  John  and  Jos. 

Flindall 220 

Mr.  Ralph  Hare  ...  220 

Mr.  John  May  Dring  .  220 

Mr.  John  Scott  ...  273 
Mr.  Daniel  Wade  and 

two  Sisters  ....  220 

Unknown 1  12  6 

Mr.  Ralph 110 

Mr.  Ralph's  Sister  .  .  10  6 

Mr.  George  Death  .  .  110 

Mr.  Abbot 110 

Mrs.  Abbot  ....  110 

Mr.  Philip  Dikes  .  .  110 

Mr.  Joseph  Byles  .  .  110 

Mr.  J.  Hall  ....  110 

Mr.  Paul  Smith  ...  110 

Mr.  John  Beardwell  .  110 

Mr.  Robert  Sporle.  .  .  110 

Mr.  William  Clarke  .  .  110 

Mrs.  Clark 10  6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Scott  .  10  6 

Rev.  Mr.  Lathbury  .  5  8 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Edward's   .     .     .  33    8    6 

KINGSBRIDGE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Curtis'   ....  12    0    0 


KETTERING,  IN  NORTHAMPTON- 
SHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Boyce's      ...     20    7    3 
From    several    of    Mr. 

Boyce's  people      .     .       669 


Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Browne's     .     .  3  13    6 

From  Rev.  Mr.  Matlock  14    6 

Mr.  Buswall     ....  20 

KIDDERMINSTER,    IN    WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Fawcett, 

in  Books  ..... 
Mr.  John  Watson  .  . 
Mr.  John  Broome  and 

Son      ...... 

Messrs.  Cranes  .  .  . 
Mr.  Joseph  Austin  .  . 
Messrs.  John  &  Francis 

Lea      ...... 

Mr.  Nich.  Pearsall  and 

Son      ...... 

Mr.  Jefferys  and  Son    . 
Mrs.  Longmore     ... 
Mr.  Henry  Penn  ... 
Mrs.  Bate   ..... 

Mr.  Nicholas  Penn   .     . 
Mr.  John  Symonds   .     . 
Mr.  Francis  Best      .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Orton     . 
Dr.  Johnstone      ... 
Mr.  Thomas  Richardson 
Mr.  Samuel  Read     .     . 
Mr.  Talbutt      .... 

Mr.  John  Wilkinson      . 
Mrs.  Aaron      .... 

Mr.  John  Butler  .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Pearsall     .     . 
Mr.  John  Baker  .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Lea  .... 

Mr.  Benjamin  Lea   .     . 
Mr.  Harper     .... 

Mr.  Hanbury  .... 

Mr.  Hornblower  .     .     . 
Mr.  James  Hill    .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Richardson    . 
Mr.  John  Cooper      .     . 
Mr.  John  Wright      .     . 
Mr.  Broom,  Sr.    .     .     . 

Miss  Symonds  .  .  . 
By  Sundry  Persons  .  . 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Fawcett's  .     .     . 

KEPPIN. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Whitford's      .     . 


10  10    0 
10  10    0 

10  10    0 

10  10    0 

660 

550 


5    5 
44 


o 
0 

440 
330 
330 


2  2 
2  2 
2  2 
2  2 
2  2 
220 
1  11  6 
1  11  6 
1  1  0 


1     1 
1     1 


0 

• 

110 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1  1 

1     1  0 

1     1  0 

10  6 

14    2  6 

21     4     1} 


6178 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


429 


KEIGHLEY. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Neil's     ....       550 

LUTON,  IN  HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Hall's     ....       676 

LUTTERWORTH,  IN  LEICESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected  at  Rev.  Messrs. 
Do  wley  and  Kidman's     16  15    2 

LIVERPOOL,    IN    LANCASHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Johnson's  .     .     .     16  10     7 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's    ...       880 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Endfield's  .     .     .     15    1    0 
Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Hall's     .     .     .     .     11  13    4 
Collected  by  Sundries  .       960 

LEEDS,  IN  YORKSHIRE. 

Lady  Margaret  Ingham        550 
Mrs.  Medhurst     ...       550 
Mr.  C.  Barnard,  in  Tes- 
taments                               440 

LONG  MILFORD. 

Henry  Moore,  Esq.  .     .       660 
Hon.    Wm.    Campbell, 
Esq  550 

Robert  Cook,  Esq.    .     .       330 
William  Jennings,  Esq.       330 
Kedington,  Esq.    .       1160 
Mrs.  Bradley  ....       110 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Hubbard's     .     .       11  17  10 

MINCHIN    HAMPTON,    IN    GLOUCES- 
TERSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Francis'      ...       5106 
M  H       10    6 

Mr.  William  Innell  .       .          ]  0    6 
Mrs.  Fuller       ....            50 

MODBURY. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Moore's      ...       3    14  1 

MARTOCK. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Baker's       ...      431 

MILBORNE    PORT. 

Collected  by  Mr.  Scott  .       2  15    6 

MORLEY. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Morgan's    ...       800 

MELBORN,  IN  CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

Mr.  Forster      ....       110 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Cooper's     ...     14    9    3f 

MARGATE,  IN  KENT. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Purchase's       .     .       4  13    8 

MAIDSTONE,  IN  KENT.  • 

Mrs.  Prosper    ....       550 
The  two  Mrs.  Maynard's       3120 
The  two  Miss  Todds     .       330 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  John  Edwards'   .     15    3  10J 
Collected  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.    Thomas    Whit- 
taker         .                          14  14    0 

Collected  by  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's  People       8    1    6£ 

LINTON,  IN  CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

Mr.  Hay  lock    ....       1116 
Mr.  Barker      ....          10    6 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Curtis's      .     .     .       521 

LEWES,  IN  SUSSEX. 

Collected     of    Sundries 
and  at  Rev.  Mr.  John- 
son's         20    4  lOf 

430 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mrs.  Travers  .... 

330 

220 

Mr.  Fullagar    .... 

220 

Mr.  Wicking    .... 

220 

Mr.  Sawkins    .... 

220 

Mr.  Beal  Boreman     .     . 

1  11     6 

Mrs.  Heath  .         ... 

1  11     6 

Mrs.  Savage     .... 

110 

Mrs.  Polhill      .... 

110 

Mrs.  Sharp       .... 

110 

Mr.  Prentice    .... 

110 

Mr.  Winter      .... 

110 

110 

Mr.  Joseph  Harris    .     . 

110 

Mr.  Jesser  

110 

Mr.  Dawson     .... 

10    6 

Mrs  Dean             •     . 

10    6 

Messrs.     Knowlden   & 

Blythe      

9    6 

Mr.  Bleio-h  

5    3 

Mr.  Leicester  .... 

2    6 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Messrs.  Lewis',  Jen- 

kins',  and  Wyethe's  . 

17    9    0 

Collected   by   Mr.  Oc- 

com     ...          .     . 

7  18    9^ 

MORPETH. 

110 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Trotter's    .     .     . 

12  11    3| 

NEWTON    ABBOTT. 

Rev.  Mr.  Peter  Fabian 

110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hewgo, 

Curate  of  Newton 

10    6 

Mr.  Joseph  Tozer     .     . 

220 

Mr.  Samuel  Flammark  . 

1     1    0 

Mr.  Joseph  Westcott    . 
Mr.  John  Matthews  .     . 

1    0    6 
110 

Mr.   John    Tozer    and 

Family     

1  13    6 

Mr.  William  Flammark 

10    6 

Mrs.  Mary  Matthews     . 

10    6 

Sundries      

496 

NEWPORT,  IN  THE   ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

Thomas  Urry,  Esq.  .     .  550 

Mr.  Kirkpatrick  ...  550 

Dr.  Cook 220 

Mr.  Sharp 220 

Mrs.  Trattle     ....  220 

Mr.  Stephen  Leigh  .     .  1116 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Sturch    .  110 


Mr.  Richard  Cooke  .     .  110 

Mr.  Thomas  Cooke  .     .  110 

Mr.  Temple     ....  110 

Mr.  John  Clarke  ...  110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Atkins    .  110 

Mr.  Till 110 

Mr.  Brown        ....  110 

Counsellor  White     .     .  110 

Mr.  Holliere     ....  110 

Mrs.  Whitehead   ...  110 

Farmer  Cook   ....  110 

Mr.  Douglas     ....  110 

Mr.  Caleb  Cook   ...  110 

Dr.  Cowlam     ....  10    6 

Mr.  Upward     ....  10    6 
Messrs.    Lucas  &  Hol- 

lier 10    6 

Captain  Pike   ....  10    6 

Mr.  Nichols     ....  10    6 

Mr.  Wilson      .     .     .     .,  10    6 

Mr.  John  Taylor  ...  10    6 

Rev.  Mr.  Edwards    .     .  100 

Sundry  persons    ...  123 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Atkins'      ...  7    8  10£ 
Sent  afterwards  by  Mr. 

Kirkpatrick ....  18    1    6 

NORTHAMPTON. 

Rev.  Mr.  Ryland       .     .  110 

Joseph  Churchill,  Esq.  110 

Mr.  Edward  Whitton    .  10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Timms    .  5    3 

Mr.  Dicey 53 

Mr.  Win      .....  46 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Rylands     .     .     .  2011    8| 
Ditto  at  the   Rev.  Mr. 

Hextal's 24    3    0 

NOTTINGHAM. 

Collected       at       Rev. 

Messrs.     Sloss'     and 

Allistone's   ....  41  15    9 

Capt.  Scott      ....  110 
Collected  of  Rev.  Mr. 

Wesley's   people,  by 

ditto 2  11    8£ 

Collected  of  Dr.  Eaton's 

people 

Mr.  Fellows     ....  220 

Mrs.  Burden    ....  110 

Mr.  Immino's    ....  110 

Mr.  Benj.  Bull  and  Son  110 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


431 


Mr.  Seagrage  ....       110 
Alderman  Hornbuccle  .       110 
Mr.  Foxcroft  ....      110 
Mr.  J.  Buxton     ...          10    6 
Mr.  Wilkinson     ...          10    6 
Mr.  Stubbins   ....          10    6 
By  Sundries     ....       106 

lev.  Mr.  Tapps,  Curate 
of  St.  George's     .     . 
Rev.  Mr.  Philip  Pyle     . 
Rev.  Dr.  Wood     .     .     . 
Dr.  Peck     
Alderman  Crowe       .     . 
Alderman  Woods     .     . 
Aldermen      Ives      and 

220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 

220 

NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LINE. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Willotts   ...        850 

NAMPTWICH,  IN   CHESHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Haughton's    .     .       839 

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

Mayor  and  Corporation     21    0    0 
Sir  Walter  Blackett      .     10  10    0 

Alderman  Rogers     .     . 
Mr.  Lincoln     .... 
Messrs.  Day  and  Watts 
Mr.  John  Woodrow 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Pestle     . 
Charles  Weston,  Esq.   . 
Mr.  Claxton  Smith   .     . 
Mr.  Stephen  Gardiner  . 
Philip  Stannard,  Esq.    . 
Mrs.  Corsbie     .... 
Mr.  Baldy  and  others    . 
Mr.  Patterson  and  Sis- 
ter   

1     1    0 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
130 
130 

1  11    6 

Collected  of  Sundries  .       380 
Cookson,  Esq.  .     .       550 

Rev.  Mr.  Burcham    .     . 
Mrs.  Cubit  

110 
110 

Joseph  Ord,  Esq.     .     .       440 
Mr    Airy          ....       220 

Mr.  Robert  Sewell    .     . 
Mr  William  Firth 

1     1    0 
110 

]Mr  Hinsman  .... 

110 

Messrs.  Widdrington  & 
Gibbons        ....       110 

Capt.  Smith     .... 
Mr  Thomas  Harvey     . 

1     10 
110 

Dr.  Stoddart,  etc.     .     .          16    6 
Mr.  Donoldson      ...       110 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Lowthian's     .     .     21    4  llj 
Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Ogil- 
vie's    15  15    0 

Mr.  John  Ives  .... 
Mr.  Sidley  Reymes  .     . 
Mr.  James  Wheeler 
Mr.  Gimmingham     .     . 
Mr.  John  Reymes     .     . 
Mr    Hopson     .... 

110 
1     1    0 
1     1     0 
1     1     0 
110 
110 

Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Shields   15    4    3£ 
DUto  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Richardson's     ...       3  18    8 
Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  At- 
kins'                  .     .     .     13  10    0 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Barlow 
Rev.  Dr.  Newton      .     . 
Mr.  Beardman      .     .     . 
Mr.  Partridge  .... 
Mrs   Pie  (10s    6rf)  and 

110 
1    1    0 
1    1    0 
110 

Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Mur- 

others        

190 

ray's    23    3    0 

Mr.  Whinnard 

10    6 

Ditto  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Wesley     631 

Mr.  Ferguson  .... 
Mr  Ollyett           .     .     . 

10    6 
10    6 

Ditto  by  Rev.  Mr.  Peel, 

Mr  Wigo-it  

10    6 

of  Hexham  ....       2  18    0 
Ditto,  and  paid  into  the 
Bank  366 

Mr.  Shalders    .... 
Mr.  .Beavers     .... 
Collected   at   the   Rev 

10    6 
10    6 

NORWICH,   IN  NORFOLK. 

Mr  Mayor  110 

Dr.  Wood's  Chapel  . 
Alderman  Marsh       .     . 
Samuel  Wiggett,  Esq.  . 
Mr.  James  Tompson 

32     1     6 
330 
330 
330 

John  Ruggles,  Esq.  .     .       550 
Mr.  John   Scott  &  Sons       550 
Mr.  Wm.  Barnet  &  Son      440 
Mr.  Thomas  Paul     .     .      330 

Mr.  Coldham  .... 
Mr.  Bayley       .... 
Mr.  William  Taylor       . 
Peter  Finch,  Esq.     .     . 

220 
220 
220 
220 

432 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Mr.  William  Carter  .     . 

2 

2 

0 

NORTH    GRAM. 

Mr.  Na  smith    . 

2 

2 

0 

Mr.  William  Fell      .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Horton     .... 

1 

1 

0 

Rev.  Mr.  John  Hoyle    . 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Wainhouse       .     . 

10 

6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Bruckner 

1 

1 

0 

Mrs.  Holmes    .... 

10 

6 

Mr.  Charles  Marsh   .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Collected   at   the   Rev. 

Dr.  Manning    .... 
Mr.  James  Smith,  Sen. 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Hesketh's  .     .     . 

3 

0 

3 

Mr.  Philip  Taylor     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

OLNEY  AND  NEWPORT. 

Mr.  Charles  Dalrymple 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Wright  Smith    .     . 
Mr.  Martineau      .     .     . 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Drake's     .     .     . 

9 

4 

7 

Mr.  John  Baldy    .     .     . 

1 

1 

0 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Bull  .     . 

10 

6 

Mr.  Peter  Fromow    .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  James  Barrow   .     . 

1 

1 

0 

OXFORD,  ETC. 

Mrs.  Chamberlain     . 
Miss  Pointer     .... 
Mrs.  Lessingham       .     . 
Mr.  Thomas  Newman    . 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

From  Merton  College    . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Kilner    . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Stilling- 

5 
1 

5 

1 

0 
0 

1X1,*,.      TJiv»/l 

i 

1 

0 

fleet    

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Frederick  Friday   . 
Mr.  J.  Trull     .... 

X 

10 
5 

6 
3 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Blaney    . 
Mrs.  Kent   

1 
2 

1 
2 

0 
0 

Miss  Lincolnes 

5 

3 

Mr.  Archdale  Rook  .     . 

1 

1 

0 

Mr.  Christopher   New- 

5 

0 

Mr.  Thomas  Plater  .     . 
Mr.  William  Fox      .     . 

1 

1 

1 

11 

0 
G 

Mrs.  Newman  .... 

5 

0 

Mr.  Samuel  Fox  .     .     . 

1 

11 

6 

Collected   at   the   Rev. 
Mr.  Hoyle's  Chapel  . 
Collected   at   the   Rev. 

8 

11 

H 

Mrs.  Prime      .... 
Collected    at    Burford, 
per  Mr.  Darby      .     . 

1 

5 
9 

3 
1 

Mr.  Fisher's  Chapel  . 

5 

18 

0 

Ditto   at  Whitney,  per 
ditto    . 

1 

10 

0 

NAYLAND. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
.  Mr.  Bloomfield's    .     . 


OSSET. 


6  13     2 


Collected   at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Haggerstone's     . 


4  15    6 


NEWBERRY,  IN    BERKSHIRE. 


Rev.  Mr.  Reader  ... 
Mr.  Merriman  ... 
Rev.  Mr.  Penrose, 

Mayor,  etc  ..... 
From  Sundries  ... 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Reader's  ... 
Ditto  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 

Lewis'      ..... 

NORTH  SHIELDS. 


220 
2.    2    0 

220 
9  10    0 

6  17    0 
136 


OAKHAM,    IN   RUTLANDSHIRE. 
362 


Collected   at   the   Rev. 
Mr.  Panting' s  .     .     . 


PLYMOUTH,    IN    DEVONSHIRE. 

Mr.  William  Kingdom  .  10  10    0 

Mr.  William  Sheppard  550 

Mr.  John  Bay  ley      .-    .  550 

Mr.  William  Clarke      .  550 

Mr.  William  Deane  .     .  550 
Rev.       Mr.       Zachary 
Mudge 


Mr.  Pearson    .... 
Collected   at   the   Rev. 

Mr.  Rae's    •     •.   •     •       806 
Collected   at   the*  Rev. 

Mr.  Dean's  ....       834 


2    2 
110       Mr.  Culme  .  .22 


0 
0 
220 


Mr.  John  Jones    .. 
Messrs.     William     and 

Philip  Cookworthy    .        22 
Mr.  Mionain  22 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


433 


Mr.  John  Fox  and  Son 
Mr.  Francis  Cock     .     . 
Mr.  Henry  Pitt  Sutton 
Mr.  Joseph  Squire    .     . 
Mr.  John  Harris  .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Batt     .     . 
Mr.  Connell     .... 
Mrs.  Holdens  .... 
Mr.    William    Phillips, 

Mayor 

Rev.  Mr.  John  Bedford 
Mr.  George  Leach  .  . 

Major  Yeo 

Capt.  B g   .     .     . 

Dr.  Huxham    .... 

Dr.  Mudge 

Mr.  Joseph  Collier  .  . 
Mr.  John  Browne  .  . 

Mr.  Sugars 

Mr.  Frey 

Mr.  Roger  Trend  .  . 
Mr.  Charles  Fox  .  .  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Vivian  . 
Mr.  John  Snook  .  .  . 
Anthony  Porter,  Esq.  . 
Widow  Elworthy .  .  . 
Mr.  William  Pierce  .  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Julian  . 
Mr.  D.  Jardine  .  .  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Kinsman 
Mrs.  Ann  Gwennap 
Mr.  Peter  Bayley 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Gibbs  . 
Mrs.  Loval  .... 
Mrs.  Bickford  .... 
Mr.  Sherdevoyne  .  . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Dodge  . 
Rev.  Mr.  Gandy  .  .  . 
Rev.  Mr.  Lemoyae  .  . 
Mr.  Miotts,  Jr.  ... 
Mr.  Michael  Nichols 
Mr.  P.  Lyman  .  .  . 
Mr.  George  Perry  .  . 
Mr.  Jacob  Austin  .  . 
Mr.  John  Cock  .  .  . 
Miss  Jennys  .... 

Mr.  Stone 

Mrs.  Wilcocks .... 
Mr.  Bicknar  .... 
Mr.  William  Pearce,  Jr. 
Mr.  Elias  Romery  .  . 
Mr.  Erthur  .... 

Julian,  Esq. 

Mrs.  Ellery  .... 
Mr.  J.  Wills  .... 
J.  Moorshead,  Esq.  .  . 


2    2 
2    2 
2    2 

0 
0 
0 

Mr.  John  Collier  .     .     . 
Mr.  Samuel  Champion 
Mr.  How     ..... 

10 
10 
10 

6 
6 
fi 

2    2 
2    2 
2    2 
2    2 

1    6 

0 
0 
0 
0 
3 

Mr.  J.  Symonds   .     .     . 
Mr.  Joseph  Pearce   .    . 
Mr.  Freeman   .... 
Mr.  Husbands  .... 
Mr.  John  Wallis  .    .     . 
Dr.  Scott     

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CC 

1    1 

0 

10 

fi 

1    1 
1    1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Omony      .... 

10 
10 

6 

fi 

1    1 

0 

Mrs.  Tope  

10 

fi 

1    1 

0 

Mr.  Putt      

10 

fi 

1    1 
1    1 

0 
0 

Mr.  Henry  Hewer     .     . 
Mr.  Burt     

10 
10 

6 
fi 

1     1 

0 

10 

fi 

1     1 
1    1 
1     1 

0 
0 
0 

Captain  Sparks    .     .     . 
Mr.  Dunsterfield  .     .     . 
Mr.  Carter  

10 
10 
10 

CO  CO  CC 

1    1 
1    1 

0 
0 

Mrs.  Dengey    .... 

10 
10 

6 

fi 

1    1 

0 

Mr.  Lovell  

10 

fi 

1    1 
1    1 

0 
0 

Sundry  persons    .     .     . 
Ditto      

2 

19 
14 

3 
B 

1 

0 

Ditto      

9 

4 

fi 

1 

0 

Ditto      

1 

10 

9 

1 

0 

Ditto      

1 

10 

fi 

1 
1 
1 
1    1 
1    1 
1    1 
19 
13 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Mends'      .     .     .     1 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Rennel's    .     .     . 
Ditto  at  the  Tabernacle 
Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Gibbs' 

PLYMOUTH   DOCK. 

Hon.  Commissioner  Rogers 
John  Lloyd,  Esq.      .     .* 
Mr.  Blackmore     .     .     . 
Mr.  Poleman    .... 
Mr.  Samuel  Young  .     . 
Hon.  Col.  Burleigh  .     . 
Mr.  Philip  Justice     .     . 
Mr.  Ralph  Paine       .    . 
Dr.  Vincent     .... 
Madam  Durrell    .     .     . 
Major  Campbell  .     .     . 
Dr.  Wolcombe     .     .     . 
Dr.  Colvil                  .     . 

5 

9 

7 
4 

5 
3 

2 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

15 

15 
15 
18 

5 
3 

2 
2 
16 
7 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

H 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

10 

fi 

Mr.  Jane   

1 

1 

0 

10 
10 
10 

6 
6 

fi 

Mr.  Heath      .... 
Rev.  Mr.  John  Stokes  . 

1 

1 
10 
10 

0 
6 

fi 

10 

fi 

10 

B 

10 

6 

Mr.  Atkinson  .... 

10 

6 

434 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mr.  Nicholas  Mercator  . 

Mr.  William  Grossman . 

Mrs.  Hooper    .... 

Mrs.  Spry 

Mr.  George  Patrick  .     . 

Mr.  James  Howell    .     . 

Mr.  Hinckstone   . 

Mr.  Matthew  Watson   . 

Mr.  John  Scott     .     .     . 

Mr.  Brooking  .... 

Mr.  James  Helling    .    . 

Mr.  Nash 

Mr.  John  Row      .     .     . 

Mr.  Robert  Jeffery  .     . 

Mr.  William  Phillips     . 

Mrs.  Dillon 

Mrs.  Ivey 

Mr.  P.  Langmaid  .     .     . 

Mr.  Rodds 

Mrs.  Mary  Bennett  .     . 

Mr.  Lawrence  Rowe 

Captain  of  Marines  .     . 

Mr.  Weggan    .... 

Mr.  Mullis 

Mr.  May 

Mr.  Harding    .... 

Mr.  Baron 

Mr.  Jeffery 

Mr.  Lampen     .... 

Mr.  Weston      .... 

Mr.  Hatcher     .... 

Mr.Yeo.     .     .     .     .     . 

Mr.  John  Linzee  .     .     . 

Mr.  Robert  Bennett .     . 

Unknown    

Sundry  persons    .     .     . 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Whitefield's  Tab- 
ernacle   

Ditto  at  Rev.  Mr.  Wes- 
ley's   


STONEHOUSE  (A  PARISH  BETWEEN 
PLYMOUTH  AND  THE  DOCK). 

Madam  Farr    ....  110 

Mr.  Marshal     ....  110 

Mr.  Bogue 10    6 

Captain  Ball    ....  10    6 

Mr.  Gillard      ....  10    6 

Mr.  Binney  and  Ban  wick  10    6 


10 
10 

t> 
6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

10 

6 

4  5 

9 

1  7 

3 

8 

9 

22  0 

0 

4  17 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1  1  0 
0 
0 


1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 
1  1 


1    1 
1   1 


POOL,  IN  DORSETSHIRE. 

Mr.  Samuel  Clark     .     .  550 

Mrs.  Green      ....  330 

Mr.  Pike 330 

Mr.  Joliff  and  Ladies    .  1110 
Rev.  Mr.  Nairn,  Rector 
Mr.  Sutton       .... 
Mr.  John  Green  .     .    . 

Mr.  Bird 

Mr.  Hyde  ..... 
Mr.  George  Milner  .  . 
Mr.  D.  Durrell  .  .  . 
Mr.  George  Olive  .  . 
Mr.  Martin  Kemp  .  . 
Miss  Frances  Welch 

Mr.  Miller 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pike  . 
Mr.  Bayly,  Mrs.  Pain, 

and  Mrs.  Campbell    .  106 

Rev.  Mr.  Ashburner     .  10    6 

Mr.  Sherran     ....  10    6 

Mr.  James  Bristowe  .     .  106 

Mr.  Budden     ....  10    6 

Mr.  J.  Budden     ...  10    6 

Mr.  G.  Durrell     ...  10    6 

Mr.  Tito  Durrell ...  10    6 
Mrs.   Oliver,   Sen.,  and 

Mrs.  Oliver,  Jr.    .     .  15    9 

Mr.  Thomas  Stephens  .  10    6 

Mr.  Farr  Strong  ...  10    6 

Mrs.  Thompson    ...  10    6 

Mrs.  Haseldon      ...  10    6 

Mr.  Frith 10     6 

Mr.  John  Bird      ...  106 

Mr.  William  Tavern er  .  10    6 

Mr.  John  Sweetland      .  106 

Mrs.  Mary  Linthorn      .  106 

Mr.  Richard  Rix  .     .     .  10    6 

Mr.  Basset 53 

Mrs.  JollhY 53 

Mr.  J.  Stodely      ...  53 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Christian  5    0 

Mr.  Lacey 26 

Mr.  Spurrier    ....  26 

Sundry  Persons    ...  2170 
Collected   at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Ho  well's     ...  7  18    6 
Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Ashburner 's    .     .  7    0    6 

PORTSMOUTH,  IN  HANTS. 

10  10     0 


Mr.  William  Pike     .     . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Walter, 

Chaplain  to  the  Dock 


10 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


435 


Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wren's  .  ...  25 11  4} 

PORTSMOUTH  COMMON. 

Mr.  Pierson      ....  220 

Mr.  Whitewood  &  Un- 
known    110 

Mr.  Millard      ....  10    6 

Mr.  Daniel  Hay  ward     .  10    6 

Mr.  Thomas  Syrams      .  10    6 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Lacey's ....  559 

Collected  at  the  Taber- 
nacle    4  2  10£ 

PERSHORE,  IN  WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Mr.  Samuel  Riekards    .  110 

Mr.  James  Rickards  .    .  110 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Dark  .     .  10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Beal  .     .  106 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ash    .     .  10    6 

Mr.  Smith 50 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Ash's     ....  776 

PUDSEY. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Wainman 
Unknown  

PINNER. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Madgwick's  .  .  10  1  9 

RUMSEY,,  IN  HANTS. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  J.  Samuel 
Mr.  John  Comley  .  . 
Mr.  Thomas  Comley  . 
Mrs.  Comley  .... 

Mr.  Tarver 

Mr.  Clement  Sharp,  Sen. 
Mr.  Clement  Sharp,  Jr. 
Mr.  Madgwicke  .  .  . 
Mr.  Newman  .... 
Mr.  Bernard  .... 
Mr.  Waldron  .... 
Mr.  Richard  Sharpe.  . 
Mr.  Fanner  .... 
Mr.  Newlands  .  .  . 
Mr.  John  Hewlett  and 

Sisters      

Mrs.  Collier 


1   1 

0 

2 

6 

0    1 

9 

3. 
1      1 

0 

1  11 

6 

1  11 

6 

1      1 

0 

1  11 

6 

1      1 

0 

1 

0 

1      1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1      1 

0 

1     1 

0 

1      1 

0 

1      1 

0 

1      1 

0 

1      1 

0 

Sundry  Persons  un- 
known    1  11  6 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Samuel's  .  .  .  1149 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Finch's  ....  330 

RINGWOOD,  IN  HANTS. 

Mr.  N n     ....  550 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Wright's  and 

Horsey's       ....  16    2    0 

ROTHWELL,  IN  NORTHUMBER- 
LAND. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Moses  Gregson's    .     .  16  15    0 

RAWDON. 

Collected    at   the   Rev. 

Mr.  Aulton's     .     .     .  11  15    6 

ROTHERHAM,   IN  YORKSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Thorp's,  and  the 

Rev.  Mr.  Moult' s  .     .  21  18    9 
A  Private  Benefaction, 

sent    by    Rev.     Mr. 

Moult 110 

ROYSTON,  IN  HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Mrs.  Ward 440 

Mr.  Edward  Fordham  .  220 

Mr.  John  Fordham  .     .  220 

Mr.  Joseph  Forster  .     .  1    6"    0 

Mr.  George  Fordham    .  1116 

Mr.  Coxall 1116 

Mr.  Butler 110 

Mrs.  Beldham      ...  110 

Mrs.  Wright    ....  110 

Mr.  John  Phillips      .     .  110 

Mr.  John  Newling    .     .  110 

Mrs.  Coxall      ....  10    6 

Mr.  Philips      ....  10    6 

Mrs.  Beldham      ...  10    6 
Collected   at   the    Rev. 

Mr.  Wells'    ....  6  10    1 

READING,    IN   BERKSHIRE. 

The  Mayor       ....  110 

Rev.  Mr.  Merrick     .     .  110 


436 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Rev.  Mr.  Camble     .     .  110 

Rev.  Mr.  Noon     ...  110 

Mr.  Davidson  ....  110 

Mrs.  King 110 

Mrs.  Girl 110 

Mr.  Harrison   ....  10    6 

Mr.  Willats      ....  10    6 

Mrs.  Noon 10    6 

Unknown 10    6 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Noon's  ....  13  11     7| 
Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Armstrong's   .     .  725 
A  Clergyman  and  a  per- 
son unknown,  by  the 

Rev.  Mr.  Armstrong  220 

RAMSGATE,  IN  THE  ISLE  OF 
THANET. 

Unknown 500 

Mr.  George  Rainier  .  220 
Mr.  John  Garret  .  .  220 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Bradbury 
Mr.  Cornelius  Friend  . 
Mr.  Daniel  Friend  .  . 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  and 

Sarah  Friend  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Abbot  .... 
Mr.  Thomas  Curling  . 
Mrs.  Kemp  .... 

Unknown 

Mr.  Small,  Jr.      ... 
Mr.  Cracraft    .... 

Unknown     

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Bradbury's     .     .     11  13    9| 

SAFFRON  WALDEN,  IN  ESSEX. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Gwenap's  .     .     .     70  10    0 

SOUTHWELL,    IN   HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Field's  .    .     .    .     12  10    6 

SHIPTON  MALLETT,   IN   SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Jellard  .  220 

Mrs.  Stephenson  ...  1  11    6 

Unknown 10    6 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Jellard's     ...  13    0    0 


1 

L    0 

1 

L     0 

1 

I     0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1( 

)    6 

1( 

)    6 

SOUTH  MOULTON,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Bishop's     ...      550 

SALISBURY,  IN  WILTSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Williams's  .  .  9  17  10 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Phillips'     ...       206 

SHERBORNE,     IN    DORSETSHIRE. 

Mr.  Samuel  Foot  .  .  330 

Mr.  Goadby  ....  110 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Lewis's ....  15  0  0 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Thomas's   .  5179 


SOUTH    PETHERTON,     IN    SOMER- 
SETSHIRE. 


Mr.  Toller  .     .     . 
Masters   John    and 

Thomas  Toller 
Mr.  Ostler  .     .     .     , 
Mr.  Channing 
Mr.  Anstice 


1  16    0 

5  0 
110 
110 
110 


Messrs.  Adams,  Phillips, 

&Vaux 15  6 

Mr.  Chapman  ....  10  6 

Mr.  Lock 106 

Sundry  Persons  ...  1  11  3 

Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  .  .  53 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Kirkup  .  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Kirkup's     .     .     .  14  10    0^ 

SOUTHAMPTON,   IN    HANTS. 

Madame  Rollestone  .     .  10  10    0 

Mr.  Bartholomew  Bray  330 
Mrs.  &  Miss  Messer  & 

Mr.  Bulkley  ....  2126 
Rev.  Mr.  Rooke,  V.  of 

St.  Michael's     ...  110 
Rev.   Mr.  Wm.   Kings- 
bury     110 

Mr.  Walter  Taylor  .    .  110 

Mr.  Taylor,  Sen.      .     .  110 

Mr.  Joseph  Taylor    .     .  110 

Norris,  Esq.      .     .  110 

Mrs.  Bissault    ....  110 

Mrs.  Percival  ....  110 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


437 


Mr.  Peter  Bernard  .           110 
Mr.  Thomas  Bernard           110 
Mrs.  Bernard  ...            110 
Mr.  Joseph  Bernard                10    6 
Mrs.  Raymond      .     .               10    6 
Mrs.  Heckwich    .     .               10    6 
Unknown      ...               10    6 
Mrs.  Forithorne    .     .                 26 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Kingsbury's  .     .       910 

SHEFFIELD,    IN    YORKSHIRE. 

Collected  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pye's 
People. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Roebuck        550 
Mr.  Samuel  Greaves      .       330 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Pye  .      .       220 
Mr.  Vennor      ....       220 
Mrs.  Parker     ....       220 
Messrs.  John  &  Roger 
Wilson     110 

STOURBRIDGE,    IN    WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Edge's  .     .     .     .     21  10    4 

STRETTON,     IN     WARWICKSHIRE. 

Collected  by  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Samuel  Wilson  .     .       110 
Mrs.  Roebuck,  Sen.       .       110 
Mr.  John  Smith  ...       110 
Mr.  Bennett    ....       110 
Mrs.  Winter     ....       110 
Mr.  Windle  &  Mr.  Love       110 
Mr.  Bridges      ....       110 
Mr.  William  Smith  .     .       110 
Mrs.  Smith,  Sen.      .     .       110 
Mr.  Nutt      110 

Mr.  Richard  Alliot  of 

Mrs  Holy    10    6 

Coventry  6100 

Mr.  Andrews  ....          10    6 

Mr.  William  Marshall  .          10    6 
Mr.  Loy       10    6 

SOUTH    SHIELDS. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Rae's     ....       3  14    0 

SUNDERLAND,  IN   DURHAM. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Lee's     ....       7  11    Of 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Waugh's     ...       990 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Somervil's       .     .     11    9    0£ 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wesley's    ...       2  17    0 

STOCKTON,    IN     DURHAM. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr    Blnrkip's                        8     A.     01 

Mr.  Robert  Hall  ...          10    6 
Mr.  Joseph  Wilson  .     .          10    6 
Mr.  Worrell     ....          10    6 
Mr.  Samuel  Parkin   .    .          10    6 
Mr.  Little  wood     ...          10    6 
By  Sundries     ....       1  13    0 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Pye's     ....     15  12    0 

Collected  of  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Evans' 
and  Dickinson's  People. 

Mrs.  Eddowes      ...       1  16    0 
Mr.  Shore,  Sen.   ...       110 
Mrs.  Robarts   ....       110 
Mr.  Robarts     ....       110 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Evans    .       110 
The  Rev.   Mr.  Hall  of 
Stannington       ...       110 
Mr.  Simmons   ....          10    6 
Mr.  Kaio-h  10    6 

.ijj.1  *    -LllclLivlU  D       .         .         .             O       *i           X 

STROUD,  IN   GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Ball's     .     .     .     .     18  19    0 

8AINT-NIOTS. 

Mr.  Samuel  Hall  ...          10    6 
Mr.  Haynes  .....          10    6 
Mr.  Marshall   .     •     .     .          10    6 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Hall  .     .          10    6 
From  Sundries     ...          19    9 
Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Messrs.    Evans'    and 
Dickinson's  Meeting  .       739 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Davis'    . 


6  18    1J 


Collected  of  others  in  Sheffield. 
Messrs.  Broomhead  .     .       220 


438 


DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mr.  G.  Greaves  ...  110 

Mr.  John  Fenton  .  .  110 

Mr.  Roger  Wilson  .  .  106 

Mr.  G.  Woodbead  .  .  10  6 

Mr.  John  Winter  .  .  10  6 

Unknown 26 

Mr.  Kenyon  and  two 

others  15  6 

Mr.  Matthews  ...  10  6 

Mr.  Moore  ....  50 
Collected  at  the  Kev. 

Mr.  Bryant's  ...  553 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Wesley's    ...  2170 


BUTTON,  IN    A8HFIELD 

408 


Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wilson's    , 


STAMFORD,  IN    LINCOLNSHIRE. 


Rev.  Dr.  Wilberforce  . 

Dr.  Jackson     .     .     .  . 

Mrs.  Wingfield     .     .  . 
Middleton"  Trollop,  Esq. 

Mr.  Adams      .     .     .  . 

Mr.  Torkington    .     .  . 

Mr.  Woodroffe      .     .  . 

Rev.  Mr.  John  Ralph  . 

Dr.  Tathwell    .     .     .  . 
Mrs.  Delamore 


STOW  MARKET,  IN  SUFFOLK. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Archer    .      110 

SUDBURY,  IN  SUFFOLK. 

Gainsborough, 


Mrs.  Margaret  Fenn 
Mr.  John  Burket,  Sen.  . 
Mr.  Holman     .... 
Mr.  Thomas  Burket  .     . 
Mr.  John  Burket,  Jr.     . 
Rev.  Mr.  Heginbothonx 
Mrs.  Holman,  Jr.      .     . 
Mr  Stow     

5    5 

5    5 
4    4 
3    3 
2    2 
1     1 
1     1 
1     i 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

Mr.  Watkinson  of  Lav- 
ingham     
Mr.  Stockdell  (Clark)  . 
Mr.  Darby       .... 
Miss  Shepherd      .     .     . 
Mr.  Barker      .... 
Mrs.  Addison  .... 

1     1 
1     1 

1     1 
1     1 

10 
10 

0 
0 

0 
0 
6 
6 

Mr.  Ellis 10  6 

Mr.  John  Holman  .  .  106 

Mrs.  Holman  ....  10  6 

Miss  Holman  ....  106 

Mr.  Brabrook  ....  10  6 

Mr.  Thomas  Stow  .  .  10  6 

Mr.  English  ....  10  6 

Mrs.  Pawlett  ....  10  6 

Unknown 10  6 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Heginbothom's  .  4  12  6 

Thomas  Fenn,  Esq.  .  550 

Mr.  T.  Fenn,  Jr.  ...  330 

Mrs.  Fenn 220 

Mr.  Thomas  Gibbons  .  220 

Mr.  Addison  ....  1  16  0 

Mr.  John  Railing  .  .  1116 

Mr.  William  Gibbons  .  110 

Mr.  Abraham  Gregg s  .  110 

Mr.  Chaplain  ....  10  6 

Miss  Railing  ....  10  6 

Miss  Burket  .  *  .  .  10  6 

Miss  Stow 10  6 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Lombard's      .     .  273 

8TAMBORNE. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hallam    .  110 
Collected  at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Hallam's     .     .     .  101811} 


SHOREHAM,    IN   KENT. 

1  16      9 


The  Rev.  Mr.  Perronett 
and  Friends      .     .     . 


SEVEN   OAKS,    IN   KENT. 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 

Mr.  Stenger's    ...       568 
Ditto  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 

Bligh's 2  11  10J 

Ditto  at  the   Rev.  Mr. 

Wesley's 1136 

SHEERNESS,   IN   KENT. 

Collected  at  the  meeting      569 

SOUTHWOLD,   IN   SUFFOLK. 

Collected  by  the  Rev 


Mr.  Hurrion 


11  16    6 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


439 


TETBURY,  IN  GLOUCESTERSHIRE.      Mr.  Slowar  and  a  poor 


Collected  by  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Phene    .  10  10  10 


Widow 36 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Johnson's .     .     .     1941 


TROWBRIDGE,   IN   WILTSHIRE. 


TOPSHAM,   IN  DEVONSHIRE. 


Mrs.  Turner    .... 
Mrs.  Temple    .... 
Mr.  Whittaker     .     .     . 
Mr.  Amos  Simon       .     . 
Esquire  Mortimer     .     . 

2  12    6 
220 
110 
110 
110 

Mrs.  Fryer     .... 
Mr.  John  Fryer  .     .     . 
Mr.  William  Elliott      . 
Mr.  William  Kennaway, 
Sen   .  '  

440 
220 
110 

110 

Mr.    James     Shrapnell 

11     6 

Mr.  Simon  Morris    . 

110 

Mr.  Butlar  

10    6 
16  18    0 
15    6     6 

Mrs.  Burgess  .     . 
Madam  Collier     .     .     . 
Mr.  John  Woolcombe    . 
Mrs.  Thomas  .... 
Captain  William  Sher- 

110 
110 
10    6 
10    6 

Collected   at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Waldron's  .     .     . 
Ditto  at  the   Rev.  Mr. 

Cross' 

Ditto  at  Mr.  Rawling's 

248 

ville     

10    6 
10    6 

Mr.  Reynolds  .... 

Captain  Coleman 

10    6 

TAUNTON,   IN    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

Mr.  George  Culverwell 

10    6 

Governor  Pool      .     .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Blake      . 
Mr.  Wascot     .... 
Mrs.  Welman  .... 
Mr.  Follaquire      .     .     . 
Mrs.  Halliday  .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  William 

220 
220 
220 
220 
220 
220 

Mr.  Watton     .... 
Mr.  Samuel  Hill  .     .     . 
Miss  Bultell     .... 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Pitts  .     . 

10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
5    3 
27  4    3 

Mrs  Love  

The  collection  .... 

Johnson  

1     1    0 

Mr.  Kirkpatrick   .     .     . 

110 

TOTNESS,  IN  DEVONSHIRE. 

Mr.  Jefleries,  Sen.   .     . 
Mr.  Joseph  Jefferies 
Mrs.  Follaquire     .     .     . 
Rev.  Mr.  John  Ward     . 

1     1    0 
110 
110 
10    6 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Messrs.  Reynell's  and 
Chapman's  .... 

27    6    0 

Rev.  Mr.  Joshua  Toul- 

10    6 

TAVISTOCK,  IN   DEVONSHIRE. 

Mr.  Handcocke    .     .     . 

10    6 
10    6 

Mr.  Thomas  Windiat    .       550 

Mr.  Harrison    .... 

10    6 

Mr.  John  Rowe    .     .     . 

330 

IVIr  Norma  ...          . 

10    6 
10    6 
10    6 

Mr.  Roger  Lang  .     .     .. 
Richard  Turner,  Esq.  . 
A  person  unknown  .     . 

1     1    0 
1    1    0 
1    1    0 

Mr.  Joseph  Cornish  .     . 
Mr.  William  Stow     .     . 

Mrs.  Peacock  .... 

10'  6 

Dr.  Lavington      .     .     . 

10    6 

Mr.  Samuel  Reed     .     . 

10    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Jago  .     . 

7    3 

Dr.  Cabbie      .... 

10    6 

Collected   at    the   Rev. 

Mr.  Thomas  Grove  .     . 

.     10    6 

Mr.  Dowdell's  .     .     . 

825 

Mr.  J.  Furnival    .     .    . 

10    6 

Mr.  Nobb  

10    6 

TEWKSBURY,    IN   GLOUCESTER- 

A Lady  unknown     .     . 

10    6 

SHIRE. 

Miss  Smith      .... 

5    0 

Mr.  J.  Burcher    .     .     . 

5    0 

John  Humphries,  Esq. 

10    0    0 

Mr.  Jowitt      .... 

2    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Jqnes     . 

1     1    0 

2    6 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Hayward 

10    6 

Ditto 

2    0 

From  sundries      .     .     • 

1  19    0 

440 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Graham's 
and  Haydon's  .  .  .  21  0  10 


TUNBRIDGE    WELLS,   IN    KENT. 

Collected  at   the   Rev. 
Messrs.       Shepherd's 


TIVERTON,  IN  DEVON* 

Mr.  Parsons     .... 

JHIRE. 

330 
330 
220 
220 
1     1    0 
1    1    0 
110 
110 
110 
1    1    0 
1    1    0 
110 
110 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    6 
10    0 
5    3 
5    3 
3    0 
2    6 
2    6 
2    6 
2    6 
2    6 
2    0 
1     6 
1    0 
1    0 
1    0 

2    9    9£ 
240 

280 

and  Arnold's     ...       6    0  10 
lev.  Mr.  Johnson     .     .          10    6 

TENTERDEN,   IN   KENT. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Handcock's    .     .     24    8    2 

UFCULM. 

Richard  Clarke,  Esq.  r.       1116 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Churley       110 
Rev.  Mr.  Lamport    .     .          106 
Rev.  Mr,  Greenway      .          10    6 
Rev.  Mr.  John  Wind- 
sor, Rector  ....          10    6 
Mr.  Nicholas  Wreford  .            5    0 

Mrs.  Mary  Moore     .     . 
Mr.  Hamilton  .... 
Mrs.  Glass  

Mr.  John  Bosley  .     .     . 
Mr.  Atherton  .... 
Mr.  Smith  

Mr.  Ensmarch,  Sen. 
Mr.  Isaac  Ensmarch 
Miss  Ensmarch     .     .     . 
A  person  unknown   .     . 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Follett   . 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Kiddall  . 
Mr.  Zelby  

Mr<!    Hill                                                   4     0 

Mr.  Gilbert     .... 
Mr.  Frank  Besly      .     . 
Mr.  Besly,  Jr.      ... 

Mr.  Hucker     ....            40 
The  Quakers  ....       1  16    0 
Unknown         ....            20 

The  collection      ...      316 

UPPINGHAM,  IN  RUTLANDSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the  meeting     3  14    3^ 

UPTON,  IN   WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the    Rev. 
Mr.  Jones'    ....     18    7    7 
Mr.  Brockhurst    ...       110 
Mrs.  Skinner   ....      110 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Steele     .            7    6 

WESTBURY,   IN   WILTSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Mylett's     ...     14  11    3 

WARMINSTER,   IN   WILTSHIRE. 

Mr.  Barn  Besly    .     .    . 

Mrs.  Kiddall    .... 
Mr.  Anstey      .... 
Mrs.  Hudford  .... 
Mrs.  Lachgate      .     .     . 
Mr.  Raddon     .... 
Mr.  Small  

Mr.  Rathew     .... 
Mr.  Gill,  Jr  

Mr  Knight  

Collected  at    the  Rev. 
Mr.  Kiddal's     .     .     . 
Collected  at    the  Rev. 
Mr.  Follett'  s    .    .    . 
Sent  to  be  added  to  the 
above,  per  Mr.  Par- 
minter     

THAXTED. 


Mr.  Daniel  Haddon  .  . 
Mr.  Thomas  Saward  . 
Mrs.  Haddon  .... 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Parry's  .  .'  .  . 


330 
220 
1  1  0 

640 


Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Fisher's  ...  15  3  1 

WELLINGTON,  IN   SHROPSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Field's  and  at  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Day's  .  .  23  12  10 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


441 


WAREHAM,  IN    DORSETSHIRE. 

Sundry        subscriptions 

sent  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 

S.  Reader  ....       29    0  10 
Collected    at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  S.  Reader's    ,  948 


WILTON,    IN    WILTSHIRE. 

Edward  Baker,  Esq.      .  330 

Major  Seward      ...  170 

Rev.  Mr.  Gardner     .     .  110 
Collected   at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Gardner's.     .     .  10    0    8 

WINCHESTER. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Boarman's  ...       5183 

WELLINGBOROUGH,  IN  NORTHAMP- 
TONSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Grant's      .     .  911 


WARWICK. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Kettle's     .     .     . 

WELFORD. 


5  13     4 


Mrs.  Bakewell      ...  220 

Unknown,  per  sundries  866 

Ditto 14    6 

Collected    at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  King's  ....  416 

WORCESTER. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Black- 
more  220 

Mr.  Cooke 110 

By  private  subscriptions     21    5    3 

A  donation  from  the 

Public  Fund  ...  7  13  3 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Urwick's  and 
Pointing's  ....  21  2  6 

WOLVERHAMPTON. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Cole's,  etc.  .  .  33  19  3^ 


WEST   BRAMWICH. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Messrs.  Robin's,  Stil- 
lingfleet's,  and  Grif- 
fith's   42  8 


WALSALL,  IN  STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Llewellin's  10    3    0 


WAKEFIELD,  IN  YORKSHIRE. 

James  Milnes,  Esq.  .  .  330 
John  Milnes,  Jr.,  Esq.  .  220 
Mr.  Richard  Lamb  .  .  110 
Mr.  John  Lamb  ...  10  6 
Collected  at  the  Rev. 

Mr.  William  Turner's  11  15    9 


WOODBRIDGE,   IN   SUFFOLK. 

Collected   at    the  Rev. 

Mr.  Palmer's  ...  .  18  9  3 
By  sundries  ....  240 
Brought  by  Mr.  Field  to 

be  added  to  ditto  .  274 


WATESFIELD. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Harmer  .  110 

Given  by  the  Trustees  .  550 
Collected   at    the   Rev. 

Mr.  Harmer's   ...  560 

Sent  afterwards  ...  160 

WATFORD. 

Collected  at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Medley's  ...       30    0  0 

WHITCHURCH,    IN  HAMPSHIRE. 

Collected   at  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Meek's      ...       8  17    5 

WINGHAM. 

Collected  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Chapman  ...       2  15    0 

WOOLWICH,   IN   KENT. 


Collected  at  the   Rev. 
Mr.  McGregor's 


200 


442 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


WRENTHAM,    IN   SUFFOLK. 

Collected  by  the   Rev. 
Mr.  Sweetland       .     .     20    0    0 


YEOVIL,   IN    SOMERSETSHIRE. 

Mr.  Bullock     ....  110 

Mr.  Gilsori 110 

Dr.  Dumaresque  ...  110 

Rev.  F.  C.  Parsons  .     .  10    6 

Dr.  Daniel 10    6 

Mr.  John  Taylor      .     .  10    6 


Collected  by  Rev.  Mr. 

Evans     .....       6    4    3| 

YARMOUTH,   IN  NORFOLK. 

Collected   at  the   Rev. 

Mr.  Whiteside's    .     .     19  14    3 
Ditto     at     Rev.     Mr. 

Howe's   .  27  10    0 


Total     .     .     .     £9,494     7     1\ 

Donations  in  Scotland  amounted 
to  about  £2,500. 


PROPOSED  DONATIONS  WHICH  DETERMINED   THE  LOCATION 
OF  THE  COLLEGE   AND   SCHOOL  AT  HANOVER  IN   1770. 


The  King's  most  gracious  Majesty, 
by  advice  of  his  Excellency  John 
Weutworth,  Esq.,  his  Majesty's 
governor  of  the  province  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  of  his  council,  a 
Charter  of  the  township  of  Lan- 
daff,  about  24,000  acres. 

Honorable  Benning  Wentworth, 
Esq.,  late  governor  of  New 
Hampshire,  500  acres,  on  which 
the  College  is  fixed  in  Hanover. 

Hon.  Theodore  Atkinson,  Esq.,  500 
acres. 

Theodore  Atkinson,  Jr.  Esq.,  one 
right. 

Hon.  Mark  H.  Wentworth,  Esq., 
one  right  in  Plainfield. 

Hon.  J Nevin,  Esq.,  half  a 

right. 

William  Parker,  Esq.,  half  a  right 
in  Piermont. 

Hon.  Peter  Levius,  Esq.,  one  right 
in  Piermont. 

Hon.  Daniel  Warner,  Esq.,  one 
right  in  Leichester. 

Hon.  John  Wentworth,  Esq.,  one 
right  in  Thetford. 

Hon.  Daniel  Pierce,  Esq.,  500  acres. 

Samuel  Livermore,  Esq.,  300  acres 
in  Chatham. 

Walter  Bryent,  Esq.,  one  right  in 
Burton. 

John  Moffat,  Esq.,  one  right  in 
Masons- Claim. 

Matthew  Thornton,  Esq.,  one  right 
in  Castleton. 

Mr.  Ebenezer  Smith,  100  acres. 


Phillips  White,  Esq.,  250  acres  in 
Wentworth,  and  250  in  Warren. 

Col.  Jonathan  Grulley,  125  acres 
in  Wentworth,  and  125  in  War- 
ren. 

John  Phillips,  Esq.,  seven  rights  in 
Sandwich. 

Col.  Nathaniel  Folsom,  one  right  in 
Sandwich. 

Col.  Nicholas  Gilman,  100  acres  in 
Sandwich. 

Samuel  Folsom,  Esq.,  50  acres  in 
Sandwich. 

Mr.  Enoch  Poor,  100  acres  in  Sand- 
wich. 

Col.  Clement  Marth,  one  right  in 
Addinson,  and  one  right  in  Lei- 
chester. 

Robert  Fletcher,  Esq.,  100  acres. 

John  Wendal,  Esq.,  one  right  in 
Barnard. 

Walter  Bryent,  Jr.  Esq.,  one  right 
in  Burton. 

Hunking  Wentworth,  Esq.,  half  a 
right  in  Barnard. 

Reuben  Kidder,  Esq.,  half  a  right 
in  Campton. 

Col.  Jonathan  Moulton,  250  acres 
in  Orford,  250  in  Piermont,  250 
in  Relhan,  and  250  in  Moulten- 
boro'. 

Mr.  John  Moulton,  100  acres  in 
Moultenboro'. 

Mr.  Moses  Little,  two  rights  in  Sa- 
ville. 

Mr.  Samuel  Emerson,  100  acres  in 
Saville. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


443 


Mr.  William  Moulton,  300  acres  in 

Stonington. 

Mr.  James  Jewet,  100  acres  in  Ston- 
ington. 
Mr.   Adam   Cogswel,  100   acres   in 

Stonington. 

Col.  Jacob  Bayley,  240  acres. 
Timothy  Bedel,  Esq.,  80  acres. 
Capt.  John  Hazen,  240  acres. 
Benjamin  Whiting,  Esq.,  240  acres 

in  Newbury  and  Topsham. 
Israel   Morey,    Esq.,  400   acres   in 

Orford,  and  other  towns,  handy 

for  the  use  of  the  school. 
Mr.  Noah  Dewey,  80  acres  in  Or- 
ford. 
Capt.  Noah  Dewey,  Jr.,   80  acres 

in  Orford. 
Mr.  Thomas   Sawyer,  80   acres   in 

Orford. 
Mr.   Daniel  Tillotson,  80  acres  in 

Thetford. 
Mr.  Benjamin  Baldwin,  104  acres  in 

Thetford. 
Mr.  Ebenezer  Baldwin,  104  acres  in 

Thetford. 

Mr.  Daniel  Cross,  40  acres  in  Far- 
ley. 
Mr.  John  Chamberlain,  120  acres 

in  Canaan. 
Mr.    Samuel   Gillett,   40    acres    in 

Thetford. 
Mr.  Ebenezer  Green,  80   acres    in 

Thetford,  and  80  acres  in  Lyme. 
Mr.   Fredrick   Smith,  176  acres  in 

Strafford. 
Mr.  Abner   Chamberlain,  40  acres 

in  Thetford. 

Mr.  John  Sloan,  56  acres  in  Lyme. 
Mr.    William    Sloan,    80    acres    in 

Lyme. 
Mr.  Alexander  Murray,  40  acres  in 

Lyme. 

Mr.  David  Sloan,  24  acres  in  Lyme. 
Mr.  Thomas  Sumner,  130  acres  in 

Gilsom. 
Oliver  Willard,  Esq.,  750  acres  land 

and  £20. 

£.  s.  d. 

Capt.  Zadock  Wright  .  376 
Lieut.  Joel  Matthews  .  1  13  9 
Mr.  Paul  Spooner  .  .  1  13  9 
Mr.  John  Laiton  ...  1139 
Mr.  Christopher  Billings  6  9 

Mr.  Charles  Killam  .     .          16  10J 
Mr.  Timothy  Lull     .     .       103 


Mr.  Asa  Taylor   ...          136 
Mr.  Zebulon  Lee  ...          16  10^ 
Mr.  John  Johnson     .     .  113 

Mr.  Matthias  Rust    .     .          113 
Capt.  Francis  Smith      .       900 
Mr.  John  Stevens,  Jr.  .       7100 
Mr.  Robert  Miller     .     .       600 
Mr.  Abel  Stevens      .     .       7  10    0 
Mr.  Reuben  Jerold   .     .       250 
Mr.  Willard  Smith   .     .       600 
Mr.  Adam  Clark  ...       250 
Mr.  Charles  Spalding    .       600 
Mr.  Daniel  Short      .     .       600 
Mr.  Josiah  Russel     .     .       250 
Mr.  Josiah  Russel,  Jr.        3150 
Mr.  Daniel  Woodward       3  15    0 
Mr.  William  Cutler  .     .       3  15    0 
Mr.  Josiah  Col  ton     .     .       3  15    0 
Mr.  Joseph  Smith     .     .       600 
Mr.  John  Stevens     .     .       7100 
Mr.  William  Bramble    .       3  15    0 
Mr.  Joshua  Dewie    .     .       315    0 
Mr.  Elisha  Marsh      .     .       600 
Mr.  Christopher  Pease  .       600 
Mr.  John  Strong  ...       4  10    0 
Mr.  David  Bliss   ...          15    0 
Mr.  Elijah  Strong     .     .       1  10    0 
Mr.  Ebenezer  Bliss  .     .       3  15    0 
Mr.  Daniel  Pinneo    .     .       600 
Mr.  Thomas  Miner   ...       300 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Holbrook       3150 
Mr.  Henry  Woodward  .       300 
Mr.  Abel  Marsh  ...       4  10    0 
Mr.  Lionel  Udal  ...       4  10    0 
Lebanon  Proprietors,  1440  acres. 
Mr.  Thomas  Storrs,  20  acres. 
Capt.  Nathaniel  Hall,  50  acres. 
John  Salter,  Esq.,  50  acres. 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Storrs,  50  acres. 
Mr.  Constant  Southworth,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Huckens  Storrs,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Amariah  Storrs,  20  acres. 
Mr.     Nehemiah    Easter  brook,     50 

acres. 

Capt.  Samuel  Storrs,  50  acres. 
Mr.  Aaron  Storrs,  200  acres. 
Mr.  Huckens  Storrs,  Jr.,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Jedediah  Hebard,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Oliver  Griswould,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Levi  Hyde,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Israel  Gillet,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Rufus  Baldwin     .       £l  10    0 

and  100  acres. 
Mr.  Jqhn  Gillet   ...       1  10    0 

and  100  acres. 


444 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


250 

7  10    0 

1  10    0 
3  15    0 
126 

15    0 

15    0 

126 

7     6 

3  15     0 
7  10    0 
376 

4  14    6 
170 

2  14    0 


Mr.  Eliezer  Robinson, 

and  50  acres. 
Mr.  Charles  Hill  .  . 
Major  John  Slapp  . 
Mr.  Joseph  Wood  . 
Mr.  Silas  Waterman 
Mr.  John  Griswold  . 
Mr.  David  Bliss  .  . 
Mr.  Joseph  Martin  . 
Mr.  Benjamin  Fuller 
Mr.  Azariah  Bliss  . 
Mr.  William  Dana  . 
Mr.  William  Downer 
Mr.  Joseph  Tilden  . 
Mr.  Samuel  Mecham 
Mr.  Benjamin  Wright 
Mr.  Benjamin  Parkhurst,  50  acres 

land. 

Mr.  David  Rowland,  200  acres. 
Mr.  Josiah  Wheeler,  50  acres. 
Mr.   Jacob   Burton    67 

acres,  and    ....£100 
Mr.  Ebenezer  Ball,  33  acres. 
Mr.  Thomas  Murdock, 

33  acres  and  ...  £0  10  0 
Mr.  Elisha  Crane,  33 

acres  and  ....  10  0 
Mr.  Philip  Smith,  33 

acres  and  ....  100 
Mr.  Joseph  Hatch,  33 

acres  and     ....       100 
Mr.  Josiah  Burton,  20  acres. 
Mr.   Israel    Brown,    27 

acres  and  .  .  .  .  «£0  10  0 
Mr.  Daniel  Baldwin,  13 

acres  and      ....       1  10    0 
Mr.  Francis  Fenton,  33  acres. 
Capt.    Hezekiah    John- 
son, 80  acres  and       .£100 
Mr.  John   Serjeant,  40 

acres  and  ....  2  10  0 
Mr.  Timothy  Bush,  40 

acres  and  ....  200 
Mr.  Peter  Thatcher,  40 

acres  and  ....  15  0 
Mr.  Daniel  Waterman, 

24  acres  and  ...  15  0 
Mr.  John  Slafter,  40 

acres  and  ....  100 
Mr.  Samuel  Hutchinson  2  10  0 
Mr.  Medad  Benton  .  .  200 
Mr.  John  Hatch  ...  2  10  0 
Mr.  Samuel  Partridge  .  250 

It  should  be  remarked  that  many  of  the  above  named  were  unable  to 
fulfill  their  promises.  The  College  received  in  all  about  10,000  acres  of 
land. 


Mr.  Elisha  Partridge  .  10  0 
Mr.  Jonas  Richards  .  10  0 
Mr.  John  Hutchinson  .  100 
Mr.  Elisha  Burton  .  .  1  10  0 
Mr.  Nathan  Messenger  5  0 

Mr.  John  Wright  .  .  100 
Mr.  Aaron  Wright  .  .  1  10  0 
Mr.  Francis  Smalley  .  100 
Mr.  Joseph  Ball  ...  100 
Mr.  Jonathan  Ball  .  .  50 

Mr.  Samuel  Brown  .  .  250 
Mr.  Samuel  Waterman  7  6 

Mr.   Samuel  Partridge, 

Jr 10    0 

Mr.  Ebenezer  Jaques     .  7    6 

Mr.  Timothy  Smith,  90  acres  land. 
Mr.   Jonathan    Curtiss, 

120  acres  and   ...       3  15    0 
Mr.  Benjamin  Davis,  40  acres. 
Mr.  John  Ordway,  90  acres. 
Maj.  Joseph  Storrs,  110  acres. 
Mr.  John  House,  100  acres. 
Mr.  Jonathan  Freeman,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Nathaniel  Wright,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Otis  Freeman,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Gideon  Smith,  21  dollars. 
Mr.    Nath.    Woodward,    16    acres 

land. 

Mr.  Isaac  Bridgman,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Knight  Sexton,  80 

acres  and  ....  £15  0  0 
Mr.  James  Murch  .  .  80  0  0 
Mr.  Simeon  Dewey,  50 

acres  land  and       .     .       7  10    0 
Mr.  Benjamin  Rice  .     .       7  10    0 
Mr.  Asa  Parker,  50  acres. 
Mr.  Edm.  Freeman,  Jr.,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Isaac  Wallbridge, 

40  acres  and  ...  180 
Mr.  David  Mason  .  .  200 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Trescot  .  180 
Mr.  Habakkuk  Turner  7  10  0 
Mr.  Samuel  Rust  .  .  150 
Mr.  Edmond  Freeman,  50  acres. 
Mr.  William  Johnson, 

Jr 126 

Rev.  Gideon  Noble,  40  acres. 
Mr.  Abner  Barker,  30  acres. 
Mr.  Prince  Freeman,  50  acres. 
Mr.  Abel  Johnson     .     .       126 
Mr.  William  Johnson    .       3150 
Mr.  Russel  Freeman      .          18    0 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


445 


EXTRACT  FROM  HANOVER  TOWN  RECORDS. 

"Met  according  to  adjournment,  November  12,  1770.  The  following 
vote  was  passed : 

"  Whereas,  John  Wright,  David  Woodward,  Edmund  Freeman,  Otis 
Freeman,  Isaac  Walbridge,  Isaac  Bridgman,  and  John  Bridgman,  have 
agreed  to  give  the  Rev.  Eleazar  VVheelock,  D.  D.,  300  acres  of  land  in  this 
town,  voted,  that  the  above-mentioned  persons  may  give  deed  of  300  acres 
of  land  in  the  land  now  lying  undivided  among  the  proprietors,  as  follows, 
namely,  to  begin  at  Lebanon  line  at  the  bound  of  a  lot  of  land  lately  given 
by  the  Hon.  Benning  Wentworth,  Esq.,  to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege ;  then  in  the  east  line  of  said  lot  about  300  rods,  to  the  southwest 
bound  of  the  1 7th  hundred-acre  lot  west  of  the  half-mile  line,  then  south 
sisty-four  degrees,  east  about  168  rods,  or  so  far  as  that  a  line  to  run  par- 
allel with  the  first-mentioned  line  and  running  to  Lebanon  will  make  300 
acres,  said  land  to  lie  to  the  above-mentioned  persons  for  so  much  in  their 
next  division  on  the  respective  original  rights  they  now  own ;  i.  e.  to  John 
Wright  40  acres,  to  David  Woodward  50  acres,  to  Isaac  Bridgman  50 
acres,  to  Edmund  Freeman  40  acres,  to  Isaac  Walbridge  40  acres,  to  Otis 
Freeman  50  acres,  to  John  Bridgman  30  acres.  And  whereas,  the  persons 
whose  names  are  hereafter  mentioned  have  covenanted  and  agreed  to  give 
to  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  for  the  benefit  of  said  college,  the 
following  quantities  of  land,  namely,  Knight  Sexton  100  acres,  Joseph 
Storrs  100  acres,  John  House  100  acres,  John  Ordway  100  acres,  Jonathan 
Curtice  140  acres,  Tim.  Smith  100  acres,  Edmund  Freeman  50  acres, 
Prince  Freeman  50  acres,  Jonathan  Freeman  50  acres,  Nathaniel  Wright 
50  acres,  Nathaniel  Woodward  20  acres,  Simon  Dewey  50  acres,  Benjamin 
Davis  50  acres,  Asa  Parker  50  acres,  voted,  that  the  above-named  persons 
may  give  a  deed  of  all  the  undivided  land  lying  east  of  the  piece  afore- 
mentioned, and  south  of  the  hundred-acre  lots  in  the  1st  and  3d  ranges  of 
hundred  acres  in  the  1st  division  of  hundred-acre  lots,  and  west  of  the  two- 
mile  road,  and  north  of  Lebanon  line,  it  being  about  1,000  acres,  be  it  more 
or  less,  to  lie  for  so  much  to  the  original  rights  aforementioned  as  the  pres- 
ent owners  of  said  rights  have  subscribed  to  give,  reserving  proper  allow- 
ance for  highways  for  the  benefit  of  the  town." 


OTHER  PROPOSED  DONATIONS. 

"  We  the  subscribers  hereby  severally  promise  for  ourselves,  our  heirs, 
etc.,  to  pay  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Eleazar  Wheelock,  or  such  other  person  or  per- 
sons who  shall  be  appointed  to  receive  the  same  the  sums  respectively  affixed 
to  our  names  for  the  founding  and  supporting  a  school  for  the  education  of 
Indian  youth  and  others  to  be  paid  in  land  whereon  to  build  a  proper 
house  or  houses  and  in  provisions  and  in  materials  for  building  such  house 
or  houses  which  shall  be  judged  necessary  for  the  support  of  said  school, 
provided  said  school  be  fixed  in  the  first  society  in  Hebron  and  there  con- 
tinued. Witness  our  hands  this  17th  January,  1765. 


David  Barbur £80 


Alex  Phelps  .  . 
John  Phelps  .  . 
Asahel  Phelps  . 
Joshua  Phelps  . 
Ebenezer  Gilbert 


50 
50 
20 
16 
16 


Increase  Porter £20 


Benjamin  Sumner  . 
Obadiah  Horsford  . 
Silvanus  Phelps 
Israel  Morey  .     .     . 
Stephen  Palmer 


10 
50 
15 
20 
5 


446 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Isaac  Ford 

.     .         10 

Danl    Tillotson 

20 

Ichabod  Buell     . 

.     .     .     .         10 

Ephraim  Wright     .     .     . 
Saml.  Jones  .     .     .     .     . 

2 
20 

Lijali  Buell    .     . 

.     .     .     .         10 

Alexander  Mack 
Stephen  Stiles    . 

.     .     .     .            6 
.     .     .     .             7 

Danl.  Porter  

15 

Oliver  Barbur     •     • 

8 

.     .     .     .          10 

Worthy  Waters       .     .     . 
Zebulon  Stron^ 

10 
2 

Benjamin  Day    . 

.     .          .          20 

Asa  White     .     . 

.     .     .     .            2 

Jonathan  Bin^e       . 

1 

Eliphalet  Youngs, 
Saml.  Phelps  .     . 

Jr.      .     .            2 

.     .     .     .            5 

Story  Gott      

25 

Solomon  Huntington  . 
Solomon  Tarbox      .     .     . 
Elisha  Mack 

4 
15 

10 

Israel  Post     .     . 

.     .     .     .          20 

Nathl.  Phelps     . 

.     .     .     .          10 

Stephen  Barbur 
Neziah  Bliss  .     . 

.     .     .     .          30 

.     .     .     .          15 

David  Carver     .... 

10 

Adam  Waters     .... 

10 

Samuel  Fielding 
Oliver  Phelps     . 

.     .     .     .            2 

.     .     .     .            2 

Samuel  Bicler,  Jr.       .     . 
Ichabod  Phelps 

14 
20 

.     .     .     .          15 

Ichabod  Phelps,  Jr.     .     . 
Eliphalet  Young     .     .     . 
Samuel  Gilbert  .... 
Benjamin  Buell       ... 

10 
10 
65 

20 

.     .     .     .          10 

Thomas  Post  .°  . 

.     .     .     .          15 

Saml.  Gilbert,  Jr. 

20 

Thos.  Suinner 

.     .     .     .            5 

Thomas  Tarbox      .     .     . 

dicates  that  the  School  was 
lielps. 

10 
kept  one 

Mr.  Wheelock's 
year  at  Hebron,  by 

correspondence  in 
Mr.  Alexander  P 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  First  Company  of  the  Delaware  Purchasers  (so 
called),  held  by  adjournment  at  the  Town-house  in  Norwich,  on  the  3d 
day  of  January,  A.  D.  1769, 

44  Voted  that  this  Company  do  now  grant  to  the  Indian  Charity  School 
under  the  care  of  Rev.  Eleazar  Wheelock,  D.  D.,  of  Lebanon,  six  miles 
square  of  land,  to  be  laid  out  on  the  westermost  part  of  this  Company's 
purchase  upon  Delaware  River,  upon  condition  said  School  shall  be  erected 
on  the  Susquehannah  Purchase  (so  called). 

"  The  above  is  a  true  copy  of  the  vote  of  the  First  Company  of  the  Del- 
aware Purchasers. 

<4  Test     ELISHA  TRACY,  Clerk  for  said  Company." 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Second  Company  of  the  Delaware  Purchasers  (so 
called),  held  by  adjournment  at  the  Town-house  in  Norwich,  on  the  3d 
day  of  January,  A.  D.  1769, 

44  Voted  that  this  Company  do  now  grant  to  the  Indian  Charity  School 
under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Eleazar  Wheelock,  D.  D. ,  of  Lebanon,  six  miles 
square  of  land,  to  be  laid  out  for  the  use  of  said  School  on  the  westermost 
part  of  this  Company's  purchase  of  land  upon  Lacawack  River,  upon  con- 
dition said  School  shall  be  erected  upon  the  Susquehannah  Purchase,  so 
called. 

4 '  The  above  is  a  true  copy  of  the  vote  of  the  Second  Delaware  Com- 
pany. 

<4  Test    ELISIIA  TRACY,  Clerk  for  said  Company." 

In  September,  1768,  Messrs.  Williams,  Woodbridge,  Sergeant,  Willard, 
Brown,  Goodrich,  Gray,  Pixley,  Jones,  Curtis,  Bement,  Wilson,  Stoddard, 
Bouton,  Dean,  Fuller,  and  others,  proposed  to  give  various  sums,  ranging 
from  $5  to  £150,  provided  the  College  should  be  located,  agreeably  to  their 
wishes,  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.  During  the  same  year,  Zephaniah  Batch- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  447 

eller  writes  from  Albany,  stating  that  Captain  Abraham  J.  Lansing  will 
i;ivf,  in  all,  more,  than  two  hundred  acres  of  land,  suitably  located  for 
buildings  a.nd  other  uses,  ;md  worth  I'J, :"><)(»,  provided  the  ( 'oil,-.-  is  located 

at  Lannngburg,  X.  Y. 

"Province  of  New  Hampshire,  June  IS,  1770.  At.  a  proprietor's  meet- 
ing, lawfully  warned  ;ind  held  at  my  dwelling-house,  in  Lyme  in  tin-  prov- 
ince above  said,  voted  to  l;i,y  oil!  to  ihe  use  and  benefit  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege fifteen  hundred  acres  of  land,  ....  provided  said  Trustees  shall 
!i\  or  build  said  college  in  the  township  of  Lyme,  south  of  Clay  Krook 

u  A  true  copy   of    file 

"Test,     JONATHAN   SI:.MNKU,  Proprietor1 1  Clerk. 
"  LV.MK,  June  18,  1770." 

"January  'J2,    1770.      Proprietors'  meeting  at    Hampton. 

"  \Vherca>  a  charter  for  a  College  to  be  erected  in  the.  western  part,  of 
this  province,  by  the  name  of  Dartmouth  College,  has  been  granted  under 
111.-  <.:rcat,  seal  of  said  province,  with  a  special  view  of  ( Mirist  iani/in^  the 
several  Indian  tribes  in  America.,  therefore  in  consideration  of  the.  many 
advantages  that  would  accrue  t,i>  the  proprietors  of  Orford  if  said  Colle-e 
could  I  if.  settled  in  said  town,  and  that,  the  same  pious  design  midit  be  car- 
ried into  immediate  execution, 

41  Voted,  in  case  said  Colle^,-  should  be,  settled  in  said  township,  ; 
BOd  grant  for  the  Use.  and  r»enelit  of  said  Colle;'e,  I'or  ever,  one  thousand 
acres  of  land  in  said  town.  Also,  whereas  the  Rev.  Klea/a.r  Wheelock  is 
appointed  president,  of  said  College,  and  doubtless  will  settle  himself  and 
family  in  the  town  where  the  College  d,all  be,  vvher(!  it  will  be.  very  neces- 
sary he,  should  have  some,  land  to  settle  upon,  therefore,  I'or  encouraging 
and  promoting  the  sa,me, 

44  \'oted    to  -ive  and    ^rant,  unto   the   said    Klea/.ar  \Vheelock,  his    heirs 
Igni  for  ever,  one  thousand  acres  of   land  in  said  town.      They  also 

14  Voted  (conditionally)  to  .jive  to  the.  -aid  Klea/ar  Wheclock  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  [)oiinds  lawful  money." 

Piermoiil,  offered  one  thousand  acres  of  laud  to  secure  the.  Colle.,e. 
Other  towns,  not  mentioned  hereafter,  aiuoii-  them  Canaan,  I'.oscawen, 
and  ('oi-iiish,  are  said  to  have  presented  some  at  tract  ions  to  Dr.  \Vheelock. 

"  IIo.NOICAItl.K  AM)  111. VI  KI.N'D  :  In  the,  capacity  of  R^CIit  for  the 
towns  of  Xewbury  a,nd  I  lave.rhill,  I  promise  a.nd  cn^ajn;  (if  Dartmouth 
College  is  |)Iaced  in  said  Ilaverhill  in  Xew  llampshirej  thai  out.  of  tin; 
subscriptions  of  said  1  laverhill  and  Newburyaml  the,  town  of  I'.at.h,  tha.t 
three  thousand  acres  of  land  shall  be  laid  out,  in  a  convenient  form  at,  tin- 
corner  of  Ilaverhill,  adjoining  the  southwest  corner  of  said  town  of  Lan- 
daff,  and  one  thousand  acres  more,  laid  out  in  a  <;ore,  in  lialh  a.djoinin^ 
sa,id  town  of  Landaff,  and  the  three,  thousand  acres  in  Ilaverhill  as  above; 
and  also  I  e,n^a^e,  to  <nve  live,  hundred  aCTO!  more  to  the.  Honorable  and 
Reverend  Trust,  of  said  College,  for  the  age  of  aid  College,  in  a  hand- 
some form,  round  said  College,  if  ,  e(,  in  said  llavcrhill;  provid(-il  it,  is  not 
set  on  lands  already  laid  out,  which  if  it  is  to  lay  (Mil,  .said  live  hundred 
next,  adjoining,  in  a,  convenient  form,  as  also  to  make  and  raise  a.  frame  for 
a  building  two  hundred  feet,  lon-;;  and  eighteen  feel,  broad,  one,  story  hi^h, 
or  a,  frame  or  labor  to  that  value.  The  above.  I  promise  to  perform  at  or 
be.fore  the  first  day  of  November  next.  The  frame  I  proini.  e  to  :•'•!  up  on 
demand.  Witness  my  hand,  JACOK  I'.AVI.I.V. 

"  J'oi: Ts.Moi'  t  u,  -June   'J!»,  1  770. 

44  To  the  Honorable  and  Reverend  Tni-t  of    Dartmouth  Coli 


448  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

NEWBURYPORT,  March  6,  1770. 

REVEREND  SIR  :  I  have  lately  received  an  account  from  Plymouth  of  a 
subscription  being  opened  and  there  is  already  three  thousand  dollars  in 
labor,  provisions,  etc.,  subscribed  ;  also  another  here  worth  one  thousand 
dollars,  provided  the  College  is  fixed  in  Campton,  Rumney,  or  Plymouth; 
also  being  sensible  that  you  will  be  at  great  expense  to  move  into  a  new 
country,  have  opened  another  subscription  for  Rev.  Dr.  Wheelock,  which 
will  be  generous  ;  I  have  lately  heard  that  the  College  is  to  be  fixed  before 
the  meeting  of  the  trustees,  which  is  the  reason  of  Mr.  Call's  journey,  the 
bearer  of  this,  who  is  a  friend  to  the  Indian  cause,  and  in  time  past  has 
been  a  means  of  collecting  a  considerable  for  them.  I  should  be  much 
obliged  if  you  would  inform  me  the  time  the  College  will  be  fixed,  and  I 
will  bring  or  send  the  subscriptions,  which  I  make  no  doubt  will  be  gen- 
erous when  completed.  If  it  should  not  be  agreeable  to  the  trustees  to  fix 
the  College  in  any  of  the  above  mentioned  towns,  these  subscriptions  will 
not  do  any  hurt  to  the  College  nor  Dr.  Wheelock,  but  spur  on  others  to 
outdo.  I  think,  where  it  is  fixed,  they  ought  to  do  generously,  as  it  must 
help  them  much.  I  conclude  with  our  family's  and  my  duty  to  you  and 
Madam  Wheelock,  and  regards  to  all  the  family,  and  remain  your  most 
obedient  servant,  MOSES  LITTLE. 

"  P.  S.  We  hear  that  the  most  generous  subscription  is  to   carry  the 
College,  provided  the  place  is  suitable;  hope  what  we  offer  Dr.  Wheelock 
will  not  be  any  damage,  for  it  is  not  done  as  a  private  thing,  but  are  will- 
ing the  trustees  and  everybody  else  should  know. 
**  M.  L.  has  subscribed  : 

20  thousand  boards. 

20  tons  hay,  three  years,  is    .     .     ...     .     60  tons. 

10  bushels  wheat,  three  years,  is    .     .     .     30  bushels. 

10  bushels  rye,  three  years,  is    ....     30  bushels. 

10  bushels  Indian,  three  years,  is  .     .     .     30  bushels. 

10  days  labor,  three  years,  is  ....  30  days. 
"  Also  use  of  house  and  barn  and  land  pasturing  round  it,  twenty  acres 
cleared ;  also  Esq.  Brainerd,  one  right  of  land,  etc.,  in  Rumney  ;  also  sent  a 
man  with  a  subscription,  to  be  followed,  we  hope,  in  proportion  and  more 
than  proportion  to  the  above.  Expect  some  hundred  bushels  grain  yearly 
for  three  years,  also  land  and  labor;  and  if  the  above  is  not  enough  sub- 
scribed by  Moses  Little,  Dr.  Wheelock  shall  have  liberty  to  improve  as 
much  of  his  land  as  he  pleases." 

"ALBANY,  May  9,  1767. 

"  REVEREND  SIR  :  I  have  had  the  pleasure  to  see  your  letter,  directed 
to  the  mayor  of  this  city  and  others.  The  subject  of  it  was  a  very  agree- 
able one.  To  encourage  literature  indicates  a  great  mind;  to  civilize  sav- 
ages, with  a  view  to  their  eternal  happiness,  evinces  a  goodness  of  heart 
and  a  charitable  disposition  truly  commendable ;  whoever  attempts  it  has 
a  right  to  claim  the  assistance  of  every  worthy  member  of  society.  I  shall 
be  happy  if  I  can  be  any  ways  instrumental  in  promoting  the  success  of 
your  humane  plan  ;  I  am  informed  that  Mr.  Mayor  and  the  other  gentle- 
men of  the  corporation  have  expressed  an  equal  desire,  and  I  make  no 
doubt  but  their  offers  will  be  such  as  a  corporation  ought  to  make  who  are 
impressed  with  a  sense  of  its  general  utility.  I  could  say  much  of  the  ad- 
vantages that  would  accrue  from  fixing  the  School  near  this  city,  but  as 
you  have  doubtless  considered  this  affair  with  attention,  you  will  have  an- 
ticipated all  I  could  say  on  the  subject.  I  shall  only  remark  that  I  have 
observed  with  much  satisfaction  that  the  morals  of  my  fellow-citizens  are 
much  less  vitiated  than  those  of  other  cities  that  have  an  immediate  for- 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  449 

eign  trade,  and  consequently  import  the  vices  of  other  climes  ;  to  this,  give 
me  leave  to  add,  that  a  becoming  economy  is  what  characterizes  our  peo- 
ple, and  may,  by  way  of  example,  have  a  very  good  effect  on  the  Indian 
children,  and  such  others  as  might  be  allowed  to  take  their  education  in 
the  proposed  seminary. 

"  Should  you,  however,  reverend  sir,  after  receiving  the  proposals  of  the 
corporation,' think  them  inadequate  to  the  advantages  the  city  would  re- 
ceive, or  should  you,  for  reasons  that  do  not  occur  to  me,  think  a  more 
remote  situation  more  eligible  (which  I  wish  may  not  be),  I  then,  sir,  will 
make  an  offer,  to  forward  the  charity.  But  though  I  have  already  fixed 
on  the  proposals  I  intend  to  make,  I  must  yet  declare  that  those  that  I  am 
told  the  city  intends  to  offer  appear  to  me  to  have  the  advantage  in  point 
of  fulfilling  the  intentions  of  the  gentlemen  at  home,  but  perhaps  it  may 
be  thought  otherwise,  and  I  be  mistaken. 

"  Whenever,  sir,  this  or  your  other  affairs  may  call  you  into  this  county, 
I  shall  be  extremely  glad  to  show  you  any  civilities  in  my  power,  and  beg 
you  will  make  my  house  your  home,  where  I  try  to  keep  up  to  the  good  old 
adage,  « to  welcome  the  coming  and  to  speed  the  going  guest.' 
"  I  am,  with  much  respect,  reverend  sir, 

Your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

"  To  the  Rev.  Mr.  WHEELOCK.  PH.  SCHUYLER." 

"February  10,  1770. 

' '  REVEREND  SIR  :  As  I  understand  that  Colonel  Alexander  Phelps, 
Esquire,  has  been  on  business  of  importance  relative  to  your  College,  to 
wit,  the  consulting  the  honorable  trustees,  at  Portsmouth,  concerning  the 
place  where  it  will  be  best  to  set  the  said  College,  and  as  there  is  great  en- 
gagedness  and  large  subscriptions  making  by  the  Proprietors  and  others  of 
the  towns  of  Plainfield,  Hartford,  Harford,  Lebanon,  Norwich,  Hanover, 
and  some  other  back  towns,  for  the  said  School,  if  said  School  should  be 
set  in  Hanover,  in  the  Province  of  New  Hampshire,  now,  sir,  I  suppose 
that  Colonel  Phelps  never  heard  of  this  subscription,  and  I  apprehend 
he  has  not  laid  this  donation,  with  the  circumstances  of  the  place,  before 
the  Board  at  Portsmouth. 

"  Trusting  in  your  wisdom  and  willingness  to  hear  everything  of  conse- 
quence to  said  School,  I  would  therefore  pray  that  the  place  for  the  said 
College  may  not  be  fixed  on  till  the  donations  may  be  gathered  and  the  cir- 
cumstances'of  the  place  be  properly  laid  before  their  Honors. 

"  P.  S.  I  suppose  there  can  be  as  much  or  more  said  in  favor  of  its  going 
to  the  said  town  of  Hanover  than  any  town  on  the  river,  which  will  be 
laid  before  their  Honors  in  writing,  if  desired. 

"  From  their  humble  servant  and  well-wisher  to  said  School, 

JAMES  MURCH." 

In  a  later  letter  he  says  : 

"  Now,  sir,  we  all  hope  you  will  view  the  place  yourself,  and  the  people 
will  all  be  satisfied  that  the  College  will  be  set  in  the  best  place  for  its 
benefit  ;  or,  if  a  disinterested  man  should  come  and  view  the  places,  and 
make  a  representation,  it  is  generally  thought  it  would  come  to  Hanover  or 
Lebanon.  Now,  sir,  I  shall  endeavor  to  set  before  you  some  of  the  bene- 
fits of  this  place  for  the  College.  First,  here  is  a  large  tract  of  land  of 
near  three  thousand  acres  or  more,  all  lying  together,  and  the  greater  part 
some  of  the  best  of  land.  I  shall  only  add  that  there  may  be  a  good  road 
to  Portsmouth;  and  it  is  in  a  line  to  Crown  Point  from  Portsmouth;  and 
a  very  narrow  place  in  the  great  river,  for  a  brig  ;  and  it  is  by  a  long  pair 
of  falls;  and  where  salt  and  other  articles,  brought  up  the  river,  will  be 
cheaper  than  they  will  be  further  up. 
29 


450  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

"  Having  given  some  short  hints  of  what  is  commonly  talked  of  where 
I  have  been,  I  hope  you  will  condescend  to  forgive  what  is  amiss  in  this 
broken  letter. 

"  So  I  remain,  yours  to  serve,  JAMES  MURCH. 

"HANOVER,  New  Hampshire,  March  13,  1770. 

"  P.  S.   I  would  inform  you  we  all  got  up  here  well." 

"  The  Company  expected  to  attend  Commencement  at  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, August  26,  1772,  with  his  Excellency  Governor  Wentworth,  viz.  : 
The  Honorable  Mark  Hunking  Wentworth,  Esq.  ;  George  Jaffrey,  Esq. ; 
Daniel  Rogers,  Esq. ;  Peter  Gilman,  Esq.;  the  Honorable  John  Went- 
worth, Esq.,  Speaker  of  Assembly  ;  Major  Samuel  Hobart,  Esq.,  John  Gid- 
dinge,  Esq.,  Colonel  John  Phillips,  Esq.,  John  Sherburne,  Esq.,  Members 
of  Assembly;  John  Fisher,  Esq.,  Collector  of  Salem  ;  Colonel  Nathaniel  Fol- 
som,  Esq.;  Rev.  Dr.  Langdon,  of  Portsmouth;  Rev.  Mr.  Emerson,  of 
Hollis ;  Dr.  Cutter;  Dr.  Bracket;  Samuel  Penhallow,  Esq.;  William 
Parker,  Jun.,  Esq.;  Benjamin  Whiting,  Esq.,  High  Sheriff  of  Hillvboro' 
County  ;  Honorable  Samuel  Holland,  Esq.,  Survey  or- General  of  the  North- 
ern District,  of  America  and  a  Councillor  of  Canada  ;  Thomas  Mac-donogh, 
Esq.,  Secretary  to  the  Governor.  About  ten  more  are  invited,  but  I  think 
uncertain  whether  they'll  undertake  the  journey."  From  Gov.  Wentworth. 

"  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE,  June  3,  1777,  at  break  of  day. 
"  MY  DEAR  SIR  :  I  trust  you  have  received  my  two  late  letters,  by  my 
son  and  Sir  Trimble,  with  orders,  if  you  can  to  good  advantage,  to  make 
sale  of  my  tenement  at  the  Crank,  and  pay  my  debts  to  Mr.  Dean,  Mr. 
Watson,  and  yourself.  If  you  have  successfully  attempted  the  affair,  or 
shall  soon  so  do,  I  should  be  glad  to  see  you,  and  if  it  may  be  with  the 
remainder  of  the  money  as  soon  as  may  be;  or  if  you  could,  before  you  come, 
visit  Dr.  Mead,  who  was  principal  of,  and  agent  for,  the  first  grantees  of 
the  town  of  Landaff,  the  settlement  of  which  is  now  retarded  and  dis- 
couraged by  the  influence  of  Mr.  Joseph  Davenport,  who  has  inspired 
an  apprehension  in  the  minds  of  the  populace  that  they  shall  be  ex- 
posed to  a  quarrel,  if  they  should  settle  there,  etc.  I  wish  I  could  send 
you  a  copy  of  the  College  Charter,  and  enable  you  to  discourse  understand- 
ingly  with  Dr.  Mead,  and  let  him  see  how  amply  this  incorporation  is  en- 
dowed, and  how  independent  it  is  made  of  this  government  or  any  other 
incorporation;  that  the  first  object  of  the  royal  grant  of  said  township  was 
the  dispersed  Indian  natives,  and  to  this  corporation  only  in  trust  for  that 
purpose  ;  that  such  a  matter  of  controversy  can  be  decided  by  no  judicatory 
but  supreme,  or  one  equal  to  that  which  incorporated  it,  that  is  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  ;  that  unless  they  can  prove  that  the  fee  of  those  lands 
was  not  in  reality  in  the  king  when  the  charter  thereof  was  given  to  the 
College  and  the  grant  made  to  the  grantees  (however  irregular  and  unkind 
the  steps  taken  may  have  been),  they  will  find  it  difficult,  if  not  impracti- 
cable, to  recover  it.  However,  to  prevent  any  expense  in  that  matter, 
quiet  the  minds  of  people  and  facilitate  the  settlement,  as  well  as  exercise 

? roper  regard  to  those  who  have  looked  upon  themselves  injured  thereby, 
would  propose  some  conditions  of  agreement  with  those  first  grantees, 
whereby  I  might  obtain  their  quitclaims  to  the  premises;  that  is,  either  a 
sum  of  money,  or  some  other  way.     What  if  you  should  see  Dr.  Mead  and 
discourse  with  him  before  you  come  hither  V     But  the  bearer  is  waiting. 
Accept  love  to  you  and  yours,  etc.,  from  your  affectionate, 
"  MR.  JABEZ  BINGHAM,  Jun." 

This  letter  was  evidently  written  by  President  Wheelock. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


451 


MISCELLANEOUS   MATTER. 

"  Since  there  is  great  misrepresentations  by  some  concerning  my  life  and 
education,  I  take  this  opportunity  to  give  the  world,  in  few  words,  the  true 
account  of  my  education.  I  was  born  a  heathen  in  Mmoyanheeunnuck, 
alias  Mohegan,  in  New  London,  North  America.  My  parents  were  alto- 
gether heathens,  and  I  was  educated  by  them  in  their  heathenish  notions, 
though  there  was  a  sermon  preached  to  our  Mohegan  tribe  sometimes,  but 
our  Indians  regarded  not  the  Christian  religion.  They  would  persist  in  their 
heathenish  ways,  and  my  parents  in  particular  were  very  strong  in  the 
customs  of  their  forefathers,  and  they  led  a  wandering  life  up  and  down 
in  the  wilderness,  for  my  father  was  a  great  hunter.  Thus  I  lived  with  them 
till  I  was  sixteen  years  old,  and  then  there  was  a  great  stir  of  religion  in 
these  parts  of  the  world  both  amongst  the  Indians  as  well  as  the  English, 
and  about  this  time  I  began  to  think  about  the  Christian  religion,  and  was 
under  great  trouble  of  mind  for  some  time.  I  thought  the  religion  which  I 
heard  at  this  time  was  a  new  thing  among  mankind,  such  as  they  never 
heard  the  like  before,  so  ignorant  was  I,  and  when  I  was  seventeen  years 
of  age  I  received  a  hope,  and  as  I  begun  to  think  about  religion,  so  I  be- 
gan to  learn  to  read,  though  I  went  to  no  school  till  I  was  in  my  nineteenth 
year,  and  then  I  went  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wheelock's  to  learning,  and  spent 
four  years  there,  and  was  very  weakly  most  of  the  time;  this  is  the  true 
account  of  my  education.  SAMSON  OCCOM. 

"  BOSTON/NOV.  28,  1765." 

Mr.  Occom  spent  the  closing  years  of  a  useful  life  at  Brotherton,  N.  Y., 
where  he  died,  in  1792,  aged  nearly  seventy. 


"  A  List  of  Charity  Scholars  (in  Rev.  E.  Wheelock's  School),  from  1754 
to  1767: 


John  Pumpshire,  a  Delaware. 
Jacob  Woolley,  a  Delaware. 
Samson  Woyboy. 
Joseph  Woolley,  a  Delaware. 
Hezekiah  Calvin,  a  Delaware. 
Joseph  Johnson,  a  Mohegan. 
David  Fowler,  a  Montauk. 
Aaron  Occom,  a  Mohegan. 
Samuel  Kirtland,  of  Norwich. 
Isaiah  Uncas,  a  Mohegan. 
Amie  Johnson,  a  Mohegan. 
Joseph  Brant,  ) 

Negyes ,  >•  Mohawks. 

Center ,  dead, ) 

Miriam  Stores,  a  Delaware. 

Mohawk, 

Sarah  Wyog,  a  Mohegan. 
Enoch  Closs,  a  Delaware. 
Samuel  Tallman,  a  Delaware. 


Daniel  Mossock,  a  Farmington. 
Abraham  Primus,      ) 
Abraham  Secundus,  >  Mohawks. 

Peter ,  ) 

Patience  Johnson,  a  Mohegan. 

Samuel  Gray,  of  Boston. 

Mr.  Samuel  Ashpo,  a  Mohegan. 

Eleazar  Sweetland,  of  Andover. 

Jacob  Fowler,  a  Montauk. 

Manuel  Simon,  a  Narraganset. 

Hannah  Poquiantus,  a  Nehantic. 

Hannah  Garret,  a  Narraganset. 

Mary  Sequettass,  a  Narraganset. 

David  Avery,  of  Norwich. 

David  McCluer,  of  Boston. 

Mr.  Titus  Smith,  of  South  Hadley. 

William  Primus,      > 

William  Secundus,  >  Mohawks. 

Elias ,  ) 


452 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Mr.    Theophilus    Chamberlain,   of 

South  Hadley. 
Susannah,         ) 
Katharine,        >  Mohawks. 

Mary ,  ) 

David ,  an  Oneida. 

Mr.  Aaron  Kinne,  of  Volentown. 

Mundeus,  J  Q     -d 

Jacob,         \ 

Sarah  Simons,  a  Narraganset. 

Charles  Daniel,  a  Narraganset. 

John  Green,  a  Mohawk. 


Sam'l  Johnson,  a  member   of  Yale 

College. 

Allen  Mather,  of  Windsor. 
William,  an  Oneida. 
Paulus,  a  Mohawk. 
Seth  -  ,  a  Mohawk. 
John  Shaddock,  )  -vT 
Toby  Shaddock,  ^arragansets. 

Levi  Frisbie,  of  Branford. 


_ 

Toby  Shadock's  wife  and  child. 
Margaret  -  ." 


In  the  "History  of  the  Five  Indian  Nations,"  by  Cadwallader  Golden, 
we  find  the  following  paragraph  : 

"  The  French  priests  had  (from  time  to  time)  persuaded  several  of  the 
Five  Nations  to  leave  their  own  country  and  to  settle  near  Montreal, 
where  the  French  are  very  industrious  in  encouraging  them.  Their  num- 
bers have  been  likewise  increased  by  the  prisoners  the  French  have  taken 
in  war,  and  by  others  who  have  run  from  their  own  country  because  of 
some  mischief  that  they  had  done,  or  debts  which  they  owed  to  the  Chris- 
tians. These  Indians  all  profess  Christianity,  and  therefore  are  commonly 
called  the  Praying  Indians  by  their  countrymen,  and  they  are  called  Cah- 
nuagas  (Caghnawagas)  by  the  people  of  Albany." 


"  An  agreement  between  the  Reverend  Doctor  Eleazar  Wheelock, 
president  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  Mr.  John  Smith,  late  tutor  of  the 
same,  with  respect  to  said  Mr.  Smith's  settlement 'and  salary  in  capacity 
of  professor  of  the  languages  in  Dartmouth  College. 

"•  Mr.  Smith  agrees  to  settle  as  Professor  of  English,  Latin,  Greek,  He- 
brew, Chaldee,  etc.,  in  Dartmouth  College,  to  teach  which,  and  as  many 
of  these  and  other  such  languages  as  he  shall  understand,  as  the  Trus- 
tees shall  judge  necessary  and  practicable  for  one  man,  and  also  to  read 
lectures  on  them,  as  often  as  the  president,  tutors,  etc.,  with  himself 
shall  judge  profitable  for  the  Seminary.  He  also  agrees,  while  he  can  do 
it  consistently  with  his  office  as  professor,  annually  to  serve  as  tutor  to 
a  class  of  students  in  the  College.  In  consideration  of  which,  Dr.  Whee- 
lock agrees  to  give  him  (the  said  Mr.  Smith)  one  hundred  pounds  L. 
My.  annually  as  a  salary  to  be  paid  one  half  in  money  and  the  other  half 
in  money  or  in  such  necessary  articles  for  a  family  as  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
rye,  beef,  pork,  mutton,  butter,  cheese,  hay,  pasturing,  etc.,  as  long  as  he 
shall  continue  professor  as  aforesaid,  and  that  he  shall  have  these  articles 
delivered  to  him  at  the  same  price  for  which  they  were  usually  sold  before 
the  commencement  of  the  present  war  in  America,  viz. :  that  he  shall  have 
wheat  at  5s.  per  bushel,  rye  at  3s.,  Indian  corn  at  2s.  6d.,  fresh  beef  at  3d. 
per  lb.,  salt  beef  at  4  l-2d.,  fresh  pork  at  4  l-2d.,  salt  do.  at  7d.,  fresh  beef 
at  18s.  per  ct.,  do.  pork  at  25s.,  mutton  .at  3d.  per  lb.,  butter  at  3d.,  cheese 
at  3d.,  bread  at  2d.,  hay  at  30s.  per  ton,  pasturing  per  season  for  horse  30s., 
for  cow  20s.,  and  also  to  give  him  one  acre  of  land  near  the  College  for  a 
building  spot,  a  deed  of  which  he  promises  to  give  him  whenever  he  shall 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  453 

request  the  same.  Doctor  Wheelock  also  agrees  that  Mr.  Smith's  salary, 
viz.  :  one  hundred  pounds  annually,  shall  not  be  diminished  when  his 
business  as  professor  shall  be  so  great  that  it  will  render  it  impracticable 
for  him  to  serve  as  a  tutor  to  a  class  in  College;  and  that  Mr.  Smith 
shall  not  be  removed  from  his  professorship  except  the  Trustees  of 
Dartmouth  College  shall  judge  him  incapacitated  therefor,  and  also  that 
Mr.  Smith's  salary  shall  begin  with  the  date  hereof.  Doctor  Wheelock  also 
promises  to  lay  this  agreement  before  the  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College 
to  be  confirmed  by  them  at  their  next  meeting.  Mr.  Smith  also  promises 
that  whenever  he  shall  have  a  sufficient  support  from  any  fund  established 
for  the  maintenance  of  a  professor  of  languages,  he  will  give  up  the  salary 
to  which  the  agreement  entitles  him. 

* '  In  testimony  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  interchangeably  affixed  our 
hands  and  seals  this  9th  day  of  November,  1777. 

"  ELEAZAR  WHEELOCK.        [L.  s.] 
"  JOHN   SMITH.  [L.  s.] 

"  In  presence  of : 

"  SYLVANUS  RIPLEY. 

'•JOSEPH  MOTTEY." 


"July  3,  1816.  The  Governor  and  Council  appointed  Hon.  Josiah 
Bartlett,  of  Stratham,  Hon.  Joshua  Darling,  of  Henniker,  Hon.  Wm.  H. 
Woodward,  of  Hanover,  Matthew  Harvey,  Esq.,  of  Hopkinton,  and  Levi 
Woodbury,  Esq.,  of  Francestown,  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  University,  and 
on  the  following  day  added  Henry  Hubbard,  Esq.,  of  Charlestown,  Dr. 
Cyrus  Perkins,  of  Hanover,  Aaron  Hutchinson,  Esq.,  of  Lebanon,  and 
Daniel  M.  Durell,  Esq.,  of  Dover.  On  the  same  days,  Hon.  John  Lang- 
don,  of  Portsmouth,  Hon.  William  Gray,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  Gen.  Henry 
Dearborn,  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  Rev.  Thomas  Baldwin,  of  Boston,  Hon. 
Joseph  Story,  of  Salem,  Mass.,  Hon.  W.  Crowninshield,  of  Salem, 
Mass.,  Hon.  Benjamin  Greene,  of  Berwick,  Me.,  Hon.  Cyrus  King,  of 
Saco,  Me.,  Elisha  Ticknor,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  Hon.  Clifton  Claggett,  of 
Amherst,  Hon.  Dudley  Chase,  of  Randolph,  Vt.,  Gen.  Henry  A.  S.  Dear- 
born, of  Boston,  Hon.  Jonathan  H.  Hubbard,  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  Hon. 
George  Sullivan,  of  Exeter,  James  T.  Austin,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  Hon.  Levi 
Lincoln,  Jr.,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  Hon.  Albion  Iv.  Parris,  of  Paris,  Me., 
Amos  Twitchell,  M.  D.,  of  Keene,  Hon.  William  A.  Griswold,  of  Danville, 
Vt.,  Hon.  Clement  Storer,  of  Portsmouth,  and  Rev.  David  Sutherland,  of 
Bath,  Overseers  of  Dartmouth  University. 


CONTENTS  OF  CULVER  HALL. 

Culver  Hall  has  1.  The  Hall  Collection  of  Minerals,  worth  $5,000  by 
estimate  when  presented  to  the  College  about  forty  years  since.  2.  Min- 
erals and  rocks  collected  since,  of  no  great  value.  3.  Minerals,  fossils,  and 
a  collection  of  2,000  specimens  from  Maine  deposited  by  Professor  Hitch- 
cock. 4.  A  small  zoological  collection.  5.  A  large  cast  of  animals  from 
Ward's  University  Series.  6.  Antiquities.  In  the  story  below  is  one 
room  devoted  to  an  excellent  herbarium,  another  to  the  natural  objects 
obtained  from  the  States  of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont.  These  are 
largely  those  collected  by  the  State  Geologist,  consisting  of  4,000-5,000 
specimens  illustrating  the  rocks.  A  wall  of  sections,  where  specimens  have 


454 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


been  collected  along  thirteen  lines  east  and  west  through  New  Hampshire 
and  Vermont;  and  colored  geological  profiles  behind,  on  the  wall.  A  case 
of  maps,  ten  in  number,  showing  such  physical  features  of  New  Hampshire 
as  these :  geological  structure,  surface  geology,  distribution  of  fauna,  dis- 
tribution of  trees,  areas  occupied  by  forests  in  1874,  hydrographic  basins, 
isothermal  lines,  amount  of  annual  rainfall,  distribution  of  soils  and  the 
topography  by  means  of  contour  lines.  There  is  a  large  model  or  relief 
map  of  the  State  on  a  table,  scale  one  mile  to  the  inch  horizontally,  and 
1,000  feet  to  the  inch  vertically,  about  fifteen  feet  long,  with  the  town 
boundaries,  names  of  villages,  rivers,  ponds,  railroads,  and  mountains  in- 
serted in  their  proper  places;  other  collections  are  of  the  economic  prod- 
ucts of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont,  their  minerals  and  fossils.  A  large 
collection  of  birds  and  1,000  species  of  insects  are  here  also,  presented  by 
Professor  H.  Fairbanks. 

The  Geological  recitation  room  has  a  large  map  of  the  United  States  in 
it,  and  a  case  of  drawers  containing  minerals,  rocks,  fossils,  models  of 
crystals  and  other  collections  for  use  in  giving  instruction.  The  labora- 
tory is  in  two  parts,  one  for  general  and  the  other  for  analytical  instruc- 
tion. Agricultural  College  library  in  second  story,  and  several  recitation 
rooms.  Small  working  shop  for  Thayer  Department  in  the  basement. 


PICTURES  IN  THE  HALLS   OF  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


1.  Rev.  Eleazar  Wheelock,  D.  D., 

Founder. 

2.  Rev.  Francis  Brown,  D.  D. 

3.  The  Same. 

4.  Rev.  Bennet  Tyler,  D.  D 

5.  Rev.     Nathan     Lord,    D.    D., 

LL.  D. 

6.  Ebenezer  Adams,  A.  M.,  F.  R.  S. 

7.  Rev.  Roswell  Shurtleff,  D.  D. 

8.  Nathan  Smith,  M.  D. 

9.  Cyrus  Perkins,  M.  D. 

10.  Charles  B.  Haddock,  LL.  D. 

11.  William  Chamberlain,  A.  M. 

12.  Dixi  Crosby,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

13.  Albert  Smith,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

14.  Rev.  Benjamin  Hale,  D.  D. 

15.  Ira  Young,  A.  M. 

16.  Rev.  David  Peabody,  A.  M. 

17.  Rev.   Sam'l  G.   Brown,  D.  D., 

LL.  D. 

18.  Rev.  Dan'l  J.  Noyes,  D.  D. 

19.  Edwin  D.  Sanborn,  LL.  D. 

20.  Stephen  Chase,  A.  M. 

21.  Edmund    R.    Peaslee,   M.   D., 

LL.D. 

22.  John  S.  Woodman,  A.  M. 

23.  Rev.  John  N.  Putnam,  A.  M. 

24.  Rev.  Charles  A.  Aiken,  D.  D., 

Ph.D. 


25.  Hon.     James    W.     Patterson, 

LL.  D. 

26.  William  Legge,  Second  Earl  of 

Dartmouth. 

27.  John  Phillips,  LL.  D. 

28.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Whitaker,  D.  D. 

29.  Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  LL.  D. 

30.  The  Same  (large  picture). 

31.  The  Same  (head  and  bust). 

32.  Hon.  Jeremiah  Mason,  LL.  D. 

33.  Hon.  Jeremiah  Smith,  LL.  D. 

34.  Hon.  Joseph  Hopkinson. 

35.  Amos  Twitchell,  M.  D. 

36.  Richard  Fletcher,  LL.  D. 

37.  Hon.  Matthew  Harvey. 

38.  Hon.  Charles  Marsh. 

39.  Hon.  Rufus  Choate,  LL.  D.  (in 

action). 

40.  The  Same  (head  and  bust). 

41.  Richard  B.  Kimball,  LL.  D. 

42.  Abiel  Chandler. 

43.  Samuel  Appleton,  A.  M. 

44.  Rev.  ^Samson  Occom. 

45.  John  Conant. 

46.  Gen.  Sylvanus  Thayer,  LL.  D. 

47.  Hon.    John     Quincy    Adams, 

LL.D. 

48.  A  Knight  in  Armor. 

49.  A  Lady  (a  companion  picture). 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


455 


50.  Supposed  to  be  a  portrait  of  an 

Italian  poet. 

51.  An  untouched  photograph  of  the 

original   of    Stuart's    Wash- 
ington. 

52.  An    untouched   photograph    of 

Daniel  Webster/ 


53.  A  bust  of  Rev.   Nathan  Lord, 

D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

54.  John  Hubbard,  A.  M. 

55.  Alpheus  Crosby,  A.  M. 

56.  Thomas  R.  Crosby,  M.  D. 

57.  Pres.  J.  Wbeelock. 

58.  Rev.  George  T.  Chapman,  D.  D. 


The  picture  gallery  also  contains  six  slabs,  with  seven  heroic  figures, 
from  Nineveh,  the  gift  of  Sir  Henry  Rawlinson,  obtained  by  Rev.  Austin 
H.  Wright,  D.  D.,  of  Ooroomiah,  Persia. 


In  1862  an  inventory  of  the  Philosophical  Apparatus  belonging  to  the 
college  was  taken,  and  the  transfer  was  made  to  the  Appleton  Fund  ;  the 
amount  of  this  inventory  was  $2,352.75.  While  Rev.  H.  Fairbanks  occu- 
pied the  chair  of  Natural  Philosophy  about  $800  was  paid  out.  Prof.  C. 
A.  Young  expended  over  $5,000  for  apparatus  while  he  had  charge  of  the 
department.  Most  of  the  apparatus  is  in  good  condition,  and  its  value  is 
not  far  from  $10,000. 

For  the  Astronomical  Department  Prof.  C.  A.  Young  raised  among  the 
Alumni  and  friends  of  the  college,  mostly  in  New  England,  over  $5,000, 
to  put  the  Observatory  in  good  condition. 

Recent  liberal  donations  to  the  College  from  the  State,  and  from  Hon. 
E.  W.  Stoughton,  of  New  York,  have  enabled  the  Faculty  to  put  the 
Medical  Building  in  complete  repair  throughout.  A  suitable  room  for  a 
Pathological  Museum  has  been  finished,  which  is  frequently  receiving 
specimens  of  diseased  structure.  The  supply  of  plates,  models,  etc.,  is 
very  ample,  and  is  freely  used  in  illustration  of  the  lectures. 


LEADING  DONORS   TO   THE   ACADEMICAL   DEPARTMENT, 
SINCE  THE   DEATH  OF   THE   FOUNDER.     ^ 

Samuel  Appleton,  founder  of  the  Appleton  Professorship. 

George  H.  Bissell  ($24,000),  founder  of  Bissell  Hall. 

Henry  Bond,  for  the  Library. 

Salmon  P.  Chase. 

David  Culver  ($25,000),  founder  of  Culver  Hall. 

William  E.  Dodge. 

Israel  Evans,  founder  of  the  Evans  Professorship. 

Richard  Fletcher. 

James  W.  Grimes. 

Frederic  Hall,  founder  of  the  Hall  Professorship. 

Jeremiah  Kingman,  for  Scholarships. 

Aaron  Lawrence,  founder  of  the  Lawrence  Professorship. 

Joel  Parker,  for  the  Library. 

John  Phillips,  founder  of  the  Phillips  Professorship. 

William  Reed,  founder  of  Reed  Hall. 

George  C.  Shattuck,  founder  of  the  Shattuck  Observatory. 

Isaac  Spalding. 

Edward  S.  Tobey. 

John  Wentworth. 

Henry  Winkley  ($25,000). 

Miss  Mary  C.  Bryant,  for  the  Library. 


456  DAETMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Mrs.  Betsey  Whitehouse,  for  Scholarships. 
The  sums  given  by  the  above  average  perhaps  about  $15,000. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  a  majority  of  these  donations  were  made  or 
received  during  the  administration  of  President  Smith. 

There  are  at  present  ten  principal  edifices  erected  for  the  use  of  the  va- 
rious departments  of  the  College : 

Dartmouth  Hall  and  the  Medical  College,  erected  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Pres.  John  Wheelock ;  Thornton,  Wentworth,  and  Reed  Halls, 
Shattuck  Observatory,  and  the  Chandler  Building,  erected  or  completed 
during  the  administration  of  President  Lord  ;  Bissell,  Culver,  and  Conant 
Halls,  erected  during  the  administration  of  President  Smith. 

During  the  latter  period  the  President's  chair  received  an  endowment  of 
$30,000,  and  more  than  sixty  scholarships  an  endowment  of  $1,000  each. 

Recent  bequests  to  the  various  departments  from  Tappan  Wentworth, 
John  D.  Willard,  Richard  Fletcher,  John  S.  Woodman,  and  Joel  Parker 
will  amount,  when  available,  to  over  $700,000. 


CHARTER   OF   DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

GEORGE  THE  THIRD  BY  THE  GRACE  OF  GOD,  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
FRANCE  AND  IRELAND,  KING,  DEFENDER  OF  THE  FAITH,  ETC. 

To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come,  GREETING  : 

WHEREAS  it  hath  been  represented  to  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  John 
Wentworth,  Esq.,  Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief,  in  and  over  our 
province  of  New  Hampshire,  in  New  England  in  America,  that  the  Rev. 
Eleazar  Wheelock  of  Lebanon,  in  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  in  New 
England  aforesaid,  now  Doctor  in  Divinity,  did,  on  or  about  the  year  of 
our  Lord,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty-four,  at  his  own  expense, 
on  his  own  estate  and  plantation,  set  on  foot  an  Indian  Charity  School,  and 
for  several  years,  through  the  assistance  of  well  disposed  persons  in  Amer- 
ica, cloathed,  maintained  and  educated  a  number  of  the  children  of  the 
Indian  natives,  with  a  view  to  their  carrying  the  gospel  in  their  own  lan- 
guage, and  spreading  the  knowledge  of  the  great  Redeemer  among  their 
savage  tribes,  and  hath  actually  employed  a  number  of  them  as  Mission- 
aries and  School  Masters  in  the  wilderness  for  that  purpose,  and  by  the 
blessing  of  God  upon  the  endeavors  of  said  Wheelock,  the  design  became 
reputable  among  the  Indians,  insomuch  that  a  larger  number  desired  the 
education  of  their  children  in  said  School,  and  were  also  disposed  to  re- 
ceive missionaries  and  school  masters  in  the  wilderness,  more  than  could 
be  supported  by  the  charitable  contributions  in  these  American  colonies. 

Whereupon  the  said  Eleazar  Wheelock  thought  it  expedient  that  en- 
deavors should  be  used  to  raise  contributions  from  well  disposed  persons 
in  England,  for  the  carrying  on  and  extending  said  undertaking,  and  for 
that  purpose  said  Eleazar  Wheelock  requested  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Whita- 
ker,  now  Doctor  in  Divinity,  to  go  over  to  England  for  that  purpose,  and 
sent  over  with  him  the  Rev.  Sampson  Occom,  an  Indian  minister,  who 
had  been  educated  by  the  said  Wheelock.  And  to  enable  the  said  Whit- 
aker,  to  the  more  successful  performance  of  said  work  on  which  he  .was 
sent,  said  Wheelock  gave  him  a  full  power  of  attorney,  by  which  said 
Whitaker  solicited  those  worthy  and  generous  contributors  to  the  charity, 
viz.  the  Right  Hon.  William  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  the  Hon.  Sir  Sidney 
Stafford  Smythe,  Knight,  one  of  the  Barons  of  his  Majesty's  Court  of 
Exchequer,  John  Thornton,  of  Clapham,  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  Esq., 
Samuel  Roffey,  of  Lincoln's  Innfields,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  Esq., 
Charles  Hardey,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Mary-le-bonne,  in  said  county,  Esq., 
Daniel  West,  of  Christ's  Church,  Spitalfields,  in  the  county  aforesaid,  Esq., 
Samuel  Savage,  of  the  same  place,  gentleman ;  Josiah  Robarts,  of  the  par- 
ish of  St.  Edmund  the  King,  Lombard  Street,  London,  gentleman,  and 
Robert  Keen,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Botolph,  Aldgate,  London,  gentleman  ; 
to  receive  the  several  sums  of  money  which  should  be  contributed,  and 
to  be  trustees  to  the  contributors  to  such  charity  \  which  they  cheerfully 
agreed  to. 


458  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

Whereupon,  the  said  Whitaker  did,  by  virtue  of  said  power  of  attor- 
ney, constitute  and  appoint  the  said  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  Sir  Sidney  Staf- 
ford Smythe,  John  Thornton,  Samuel  Roffey,  Charles  Hardey,  and  Daniel 
West,  Esquires,  and  Samuel  Savage,  Josiah  Robarts,  and  Robert  Keen, 
gentlemen,  to  be  trustees  of  the  money  which  had  then  been  contributed, 
and  which  should  by  his  means  be  contributed  for  said  purpose  ;  which 
trust  they  have  accepted,  as  by  their  engrossed  declaration  of  the  same 
under  their  hands  and  seals,  well  executed  fully  appears,  and  the  same 
hath  also  been  ratified  by  a  deed  of  trust,  well  executed  by  said  Wheelock. 

And  the  said  Wheelock  further  represents,  that  he  has,  by  a  power  of 
attorney,  for  many  weighty  reasons,  given  full  power  to  the  said  trustees, 
to  fix  upon  and  determine  the  place  for  said  school,  most  subservient  to 
the  great  end  in  view.  And  to  enable  them  understandingly  to  give  the 
preference,  the  said  Wheelock  has  laid  before  the  said  trustees  the  several 
offers  which  have  been  generously  made  in  the  several  governments  in 
America  to  encourage  and  invite  the  settlement  of  said  school  among  them 
for  their  own  private  emolument,  and  for  the  increase  of  learning  in  their 
respective  places,  as  well  as  for  the  furtherance  of  the  general  design  in 
view. 

And  whereas  a  large  number  of  the  proprietors  of  lands  in  the  western 
part  of  this  our  province  of  New  Hampshire,  animated  and  excited  thereto 
by  the  generous  example  of  his  Excellency  their  Governor,  and  by  the  lib- 
eral contributions  of  many  noblemen  and  gentlemen  in  England,  and  es- 
pecially by  the  consideration  that  such  a  situation  would  be  as  convenient 
as  any  for  carrying  on  the  great  design  among  the  Indians  ;  and  also  con- 
sidering that  without  the  least  impediment  to  the  said  design,  the  same 
school  may  be  enlarged  and  improved  to  promote  learning  among  the  Eng- 
lish, and  be  a  means  to  suppjy  a  great  number  of  churches  and  congrega- 
tions which  are  likely  soon  to  be  formed  in  that  new  country,  with  a 
learned  and  orthodox  ministry,  they  the  said  proprietors  have  promised 
large  tracts  of  land  for  the  uses  aforesaid,  provided  the  school  shall  be  set- 
tled in  the  western  part  of  our  said  province. 

And  they  the  said  Right  Hon.  Hon.  and  worthy  trustees  before  men- 
tioned, having  maturely  considered  the  reasons  and  arguments  in  favor  of 
the  several  places  proposed,  have  given  the  preference  to  the  western  part 
of  our  said  province,  lying  on  Connecticut  river,  as  a  situation  most  con- 
venient for  said  school. 

And  the  said  Wheelock  has  further  represented  a  necessity  of  a  legal 
incorporation,  in  order  to  the  safety  and  well  being  of  said  seminary,  and 
its  being  capable  of  the  tenure  and  disposal  of  lands  and  bequests  for  the 
use  of  the  same.  And  the  said  Wheelock  has  also  represented,  that  for 
many  weighty  reasons,  it  will  be  expedient,  at  least  in  the  infancy  of  said 
institution,  or  till  it  can  be  accommodated  in  that  new  country,  and  he 
and  his  friends  be  able  to  remove  and  settle  by  and  round  about  it,  that 
the  gentlemen  whom  he  has  already  nominated  in  his  last  will  (which  he 
has  transmitted  to  the  aforesaid  gentlemen  of  the  trust  in  England)  to  be 
trustees  in  America,  should  be  of  the  corporation  now  proposed.  And  also 
as  there  are  already  large  collections  for  said  school  in  the  hands  of  the 
aforesaid  gentlemen  of  the  trust  in  England,  and  all  reason  to  believe  from 
their  signal  wisdom,  piety,  and  zeal,  to  promote  the  Redeemer's  cause 
(which  has  already  procured  for  them  the  utmost  confidence  of  the  king- 
dom) we  may  expect  they  will  appoint  successors  in  time  to  come,  who  will 
be  men  of  the  same  spirit,  whereby  great  good  may  and  will  accrue  many 
ways  to  the  institution,  and  much  be  done  by  their  example  and  influence 
to  encourage  and  facilitate  the  whole  design  in  view;  for  which  reasons 
said  Wheelock  desires  that  the  trustees  aforesaid,  may  be  vested  with 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  459 

all  that  power  therein  which  can  consist  with  their  distance  from  the 
same. 

Know  ye  therefore  that  We,  considering  the  premises  and  being  will- 
ing to  encourage  the  laudable  design  of  spreading  Christian  knowledge 
among  the  savages  of  our  American  wilderness.  And  also  that  the  best 
means  of  education  be  established  in  our  province  of  New  Hampshire,  for 
the  benefit  of  said  province,  do,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge 
and  mere  motion,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  our  council  for  said  province, 
by  these  presents  will,  ordain,  grant  and  constitute  that  there  be  a  college 
erected  in  our  said  province  of  New  Hampshire,  by  the  name  of  Dartmouth 
College,  for  the  education  and-instruction  of  youths  of  the  Indian  tribes  in 
,this  land,  in  reading,  writing,  and  all  parts  of  learning,  which  shall  ap- 
pear necessary  and  expedient,  for  civilizing  and  christianizing  the  chil- 
dren of  pagans,  as  well  as  in  all  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  and  also  of  Eng- 
lish youths,  and  any  others.  And  the  trustees  of  said  college  may,  and 
shall  be,  one  body  corporate  and  politic  in  deed,  action  and  name,  and 
shall  be  called,  named,  and  distinguished  by  the  name  of  The  Trustees  of 
Dartmouth  College. 

And  further,  We  have  willed,  given,  granted,  constituted  and  ordained, 
and  by  this  our  present  charter,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge 
and  mere  motion,  with  the  advice  aforesaid,  do  for  us,  our  heirs  and  suc- 
cessors forever,  will,  give,  grant,  constitute,  and  ordain,  that  there  shall 
from  henceforth  and  forever,  be  in  the  said  Dartmouth  College,  a  body 
politic,  consisting  of  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College.  And  for  the  more 
full  and  perfect  erection  of  said  Corporation  and  body  politic,  consisting 
of  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  We,  of  our  special  grace,  certain 
knowledge  and  mere  motion,  do,  by  these  presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and 
successors,  make,  ordain,  constitute  and  appoint,  our  trusty  and  well  be- 
loved John  AVentworth,  Esquire,  Governor  of  our  said  province,  and  the 
governor  of  our  said  province  of  New  Hampshire,  for  the  time  being,  and 
our  trusty  and  well  beloved  Theodore  Atkinson,  Esquire,  now  president  of 
our  council  of  our  said  province,  George  Jaffrey  and  Daniel  Pierce, 
Esqrs.,  both  of  our  said  council,  and  Peter  Gilman,  Esq.,  now  Speaker  of 
our  House  of  Representatives  in  said  province,  and  William  Pitkin,  Esq.. 
one  of  the  Assistants  of  our  colony  of  Connecticut,  and  our  trusty  and 
well  beloved  Eleazar  Wheelock,  of  Lebanon,  Doctor  in  Divinity,  Benja- 
min Pomeroy,  of  Hebron,  James  Lockwood,  of  Weathersfield,  Timothy 
Pitkin  and  John  Smalley,  of  Farmington,  and  William  Patten  of  Hart- 
ford, all  of  our  said  colony  of  Connecticut,  ministers  of  the  gospel  (the 
whole  number  of  said  trustees  consisting,  and  hereafter  forever  to  consist, 
of  twelve  and  no  more)  to  be  trustees  of  said  Dartmouth  College,  in  this 
our  province  of  New  Hampshire. 

And  We  do  further,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  mere 
motion,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  will,  give,  grant  and  appoint  that 
the  said  trustees  and  their  successors  shall,  forever  hereafter,  be  in  deed, 
act  and  name,  a  body  corporate  and  politic,  and  that  they  the  said  body 
corporate  and  politic,  shall  be  known  and  distinguished  in  all  deeds, 
grants,  bargains,  sales,  writings,  evidences  or  otherwise  however,  and  in 
all  courts  forever  hereafter  plead  and  be  impleaded  by  the  name  of  The 
Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College.  And  that  the  said  corporation  by  the 
name  aforesaid,  shall  be  able  and  in  law  capable  for  the  use  of  said  Dart- 
mouth College,  to  have,  get,  acquire,  purchase,  receive,  hold,  possess  and 
enjoy,  tenements,  hereditaments,  jurisdictions  and  franchises  for  them- 
selves and  their  successors,  in  fee  simple  or  otherwise  however,  and  to  pur- 
chase, receive,  or  build  any  house  or  houses,  or  any  other  buildings,  as 
they  shall  think  needful  and  convenient  for  the  use  of  said  Dartmouth 


460  DAKTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

College,  and  in  such  town  in  the  western  part  of  our  said  province  of  New 
Hampshire,  as  shall,  by  said  trustees,  or  the  major  part  of  them  be  agreed 
upon,  their  said  agreement  to  be  evidenced  by  an  instrument  in  writing 
under  their  hands  ascertaining  the  same.  And  also  to  receive  and  dispose 
of  any  lands,  goods,  chattels  and  other  things  of  what  nature  soever,  for 
the  use  aforesaid.  And  also  to  have,  accept  and  receive  any  rents,  profits, 
annuities,  gifts,  legacies,  donations  or  bequests  of  any  kind  whatsoever  for 
the  use  aforesaid  :  so  nevertheless,  that  the  yearly  value  of  the  premises 
do  not  exceed  the  sum  of  six  thousand  pounds  sterling.  And  therewith  or 
otherwise  to  support  and  pay,  as  the  said  trustees,  or  the  major  part  of 
such  of  them  as  are  regularly  convened  for  that  purpose,  shall  agree ;  the 
president,  tutors,  and  other  officers  and  ministers  of  said  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, and  also  to  pay  all  such  missionaries  and  school  masters  as  shall  be 
authorized,  appointed  and  employed  by  them  for  civilizing,  Christianizing, 
and  instructing  the  Indian  natives  of  this  land,  their  several  allowances, 
and  also  their  respective  annual  salaries  or  allowances,  and  also  such  nec- 
essary and  contingent  charges,  as  from  time  to  time  shall  arise  and  accrue, 
relating  to  said  Dartmouth  College.  And  also  to  bargain,  sell,  let  or  as- 
sign lands,  tenements,  hereditaments,  tgoods  or  chattels,  and  all  other 
things  whatsoever,  by  the  name  aforesaid,  in  as  full  and  ample  a  manner, 
to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  a  natural  person  or  other  body  corporate  or 
politic,  is  able  to  do  by  the  laws  of  our  realm  of  Great  Britain,  or  of  said 
province  of  New  Hampshire. 

And  further,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  mere  motion, 
to  the  intent  that  our  said  corporation  and  body  politic  may  answer  the 
end  of  their  erection  and  constitution,  and  may  have  perpetual  succession 
and  continuance  forever,  We  do  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  will,  give 
and  grant  unto  the  said  trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  to  their  suc- 
cessors forever,  that  there  shall  be  once  a  year,  and  every  year,  a  meeting 
of  said  trustees,  held  at  said  Dartmouth  College,  at  such  time'  as  by  said 
trustees,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  at  any  legal  meeting  of  said  trustees 
shall  be  agreed  on.  The  first  meeting  to  be  called  by  the  said  Eleazar 
Wheelock,  as  soon  as  conveniently  may  be,  within  one  year  next  after  the 
enrolment  of  these  our  letters  patent,  at  such  time  and  place  as  he  shall 
judge  proper.  And  the  said  trustees,  or  the  major  part  of  any  seven  or 
more  of  them,  shall  then  determine  on  the  time  for  holding  the  annual 
meeting  aforesaid,  which  may  be  altered  as  they  shall  hereafter  find  most 
convenient. 

And  We  do  further  ordain  and  direct,  that  the  said  Eleazar  Wheelock 
shall  notify  the  time  for  holding  the  first  meeting  to  be  called  as  aforesaid, 
by  sending  a  letter  to  each  of  said  trustees,  and  causing  an  advertisement 
thereof  to  be  printed  in  the  "  New  Hampshire  Gazette,"  and  in  some  pub- 
lic newspaper  printed  in  the  colony  of  Connecticut.  But  in  case  of  the 
death  or  incapacity  of  said  Wheelock,  then  such  meeting  to  be  notified  in 
manner  as  aforesaid,  by  the  Governor  or  Commander  in  Chief  of  our  said 
province  for  the  time  being. 

And  We  also,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  hereby  will,  give  and 
grant  unto  the  said  trustees  of  Dartmouth  College  aforesaid,  and  to  their 
successors  forever,  that  when  any  seven  or  more  of  the  said  trustees  or 
their  successors  are  convened  and  met  together  for  the  service  of  said 
Dartmouth  College,  at  any  time  or  times,  such  seven  or  more  shall  be  capa- 
ble to  act  as  fully  and  amply  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  if  all  the  trus- 
tees of  said  College  were  personally  present ;  and  all  affairs  and  actions 
whatsoever,  under  the  care  of  said  trustees,  shall  be  determined  by  the 
majority  or  greater  number  of  those  seven  or  more  trustees,  so  convened 
and  met  together. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  461 

And  we  do  further  will,  ordain  and  direct,  that  rthe  president,  trustees, 
professors,  and  tutors,  and  all  such  officers  as  shall  be  appointed  for  the 
public  instruction  and  government  of  said  College,  shall,  before  they  under- 
take the  execution  of  their  respective  offices  or  trusts,  or  within  one  year 
after,  take  the  oaths  and  subscribe  the  declaration,  provided  by  an  act  of 
Parliament,  made  in  the  first  year  of  King  George  the  First,  entitled, 
"  An  Act  for  the  further  security  of  his  Majesty's  person  and  government, 
and  the  succession  of  the  Crown  in  the  heirs  of  the  late  Princess  Sophia 
being  Protestants,  and  for  the  extinguishing  the  hopes  of  the  pretended 
Prince  of  Wales,  and  his  open  and  secret  abettors,"  that  is  to  say,  the 
president  before  the  governor  of  our  said  province  for  the  time  being,  or 
by  one  empowered  by  him  to  that  service,  or  by  the  president  of  our  coun- 
cil, and  the  trustees,  professors,  tutors  and  other  officers  before  the  presi- 
dent of  said  college,  for  the  time  being,  who  is  hereby  empowered  to  ad- 
minister the  same  :  an  entry  of  all  which  shall  be  made  in  the  records  of 
the  said  college. 

And  we  do  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  hereby  will,  give  and  grant 
full  power  and  authority  to  the  president,  hereafter  by  us  named,  and  to 
his  successors,  or  in  case  of  his  failure,  to  any  three  or  more  of  said  trus- 
tees, to  appoint  other  occasional  meetings,  from  time  to  time,  of  the  said 
seven  trustees,  or  any  greater  number  of  them,  to  transact  any  matter  or 
thing  necessary  to  be  done,  before  the  next  annual  meeting,  and  to  order 
notice  to  the  said  seven  or  any  greater  number  of  them,  of  the  times  and 
places  of  meetings  for  the  services  aforesaid,  by  a  letter  under  his  or  their 
hands  of  the  same,  one  month  before  said  meeting.  Provided  always,  that 
no  standing  rule  or  order  be  made  or  altered,  for  the  regulation  of  said 
college,  or  any  president  or  professor  be  chosen  or  displaced,  or  any  other 
matter  or  thing  transacted  or  done,  which  shall  continue  in  force  after  the 
then  next  annual  meeting  of  said  trustees  as  aforesaid. 

And  further,  We  do  by  these  presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors, 
create,  make,  constitute,  nominate  and  appoint  our  trusty  and  well  be- 
loved Eleazar  Wheelock,  Doctor  in  Divinity,  the  founder  of  said  college, 
to  be  president  of  said  Dartmouth  College,  and  to  have  the  immediate 
care  of  the  education  and  government  of  such  students,  as  shall  be  ad- 
mitted into  said  Dartmouth  College,  for  instruction  and  education  ;  and 
do  will,  give  and  grant  to  him  in  said  office,  full  power,  authority  and 
right  to  nominate,  appoint,  constitute  and  ordain  by  his  last  will,  such 
suitable  and  meet  person  or  persons  as  he  shall  choose,  to  succeed  him  in 
the  presidency  of  said  Dartmouth  College ;  and  the  person  so  appointed 
by  his  last  will,  to  continue  in  office,  vested  with  all  the  powers,  privileges, 
jurisdiction  and  authority  of  a  president  of  said  Dartmouth  College,  that 
is  to  say,  so  long  as  until  such  appointment,  by  said  last  will,  shall  be  dis- 
approved by  the  trustees  of  said  Dartmouth  College. 

And  We  do  also  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  will,  give  and  grant  to 
the  said  trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  to  their  successors  forever,  or 
any  seven  or  more  of  them,  convened  as  aforesaid,  that  in  case  of  the 
ceasing  or  failure  of  a  president,  by  any  means  whatsoever,  that  the  said 
trustees  do  elect,  nominate  and  appoint  such  qualified  person,  as  they,  or 
the  major  part  of  any  seven  or  more  of  them,  convened  for  that  purpose, 
as  above  directed,  shall  think  fit,  to  be  president  of  said  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, and  to  have  the  care  of  the  education  and  government  of  the  students 
as  aforesaid.  And  in  case  of  the  ceasing  of  a  president  as  aforesaid,  the 
senior  professor  or  tutor,  being  one  of  the  trustees,  shall  exercise  the  office 
of  a  president,  until  the  trustees  shall  make  choice  of,  and  appoint  a  pres- 
ident as  aforesaid;  and  such  professor  or  tutor,  or  any  three  or  more  of 
the  trustees,  shall  immediately  appoint  a  meeting  of  the*  body  of  the  trus- 


462  DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 

tees  for  the  purpose  aforesaid.  And  also,  We  do  will,  give  and  grant  to 
the  said  trustees,  convened  as  aforesaid,  that  they  elect,  nominate  and  ap- 
point, so  many  tutors  and  professors,  to  assist  the  president  in  the  educa- 
tion and  government  of  the  students  belonging  thereto  as  they  the  said 
trustees  shall,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  any  time  think  needful  and  serv- 
iceable to  the  interests  of  said  Dartmouth  College,  And  also  that  the 
said  trustees,  or  their  successors,  or  the  major  part  of  any  seven  or  more 
of  them,  convened  for  that  purpose  as  above  directed,  shall  at  any  time 
displace  and  discharge  from  the  service  of  said  Dartmouth  College,  any  or 
all  such  officers,  and  elect  others  in  their  room  and  stead  as  before  di- 
rected. And  also  that  the  said  trustees  or  their  successors,  or  the  major 
part  of  any  seven  of  them  which  shall  convene  for  that  purpose  as  above 
directed,  do  from  time  to  time  as  occasion  shall  require,  elect,  constitute 
and  appoint  a  treasurer,  a  clerk,  an  usher  and  a  steward,  for  the  said 
Dartmouth  College,  and  appoint  to  them,  and  each  of  them,  their  respect- 
ive businesses  and  trust ;  and  displace  and  discharge  from  the  service  of 
said  college,  such  treasurer,  clerk,  usher  or  steward,  and  elect  others  in 
their  room  and  stead;  which  officers  so  elected  as  before  directed,  We  do 
for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  by  these  presents  constitute  and  establish 
in  their  respective  offices,  and  do  give  to  each  and  every  of  them,  full 
power  and  authority,  to  exercise  the  same  in  said  Dartmouth  College,  ac- 
cording to  the  directions  and  during  the  pleasure  of  the  said  trustees,  as 
fully  and  freely  as  any  like  officers  in  any  of  OUF  universities,  colleges,  or 
seminaries  of  learning,  in  our  realm  of  Great  Britain,  lawfully  may  or 
ought  to  do. 

And  also,  that  the  said  trustees  or  their  successors,  or  the  major  part  of 
any  seven  or  more  of  them,  which  shall  convene  for  that  purpose,  as  is 
above  directed,  as  often  as  one  or  more  of  said  trustees  shall  die,  or  by  re- 
moval or  otherwise  shall,  according  to  their  judgment  become  unfit  or  in- 
capable to  serve  the  interests  of  said  college,  »do,  as  soon  as  may  be,  after 
the  death,  removal,  or  such  unfitness  or  incapacity  of  such  trustee  or  trus- 
tees, elect  and  appoint  such  trustee  or  trustees  as  shall  supply  the  place  of 
him  or  them  so  dying,  or  becoming  incapable  to  serve  the  interests  of  said 
college;  and  every  trustee  so  elected  and  appointed,  shall,  by  virtue  of 
these  presents,  and  such  election  and  appointment,  be  vested  with  all  the 
powers  and  privileges  which  any  of  the  other  trustees  of  said  college  are 
hereby  vested  with.  And  We  do  further  will,  ordain  and  direct,  that  from 
and  after  the  expiration  of  two  years  from  the  enrolment  of  these  pres- 
ents, such  vacancy  or  vacancies  shall  be  filled  up  unto  the  complete  num- 
ber of  twelve  Trustees,  eight  of  the  aforesaid  whole  number  of  the  body  of 
the  trustees  shall  be  resident  and  respectable  freeholders  of  our  said  Prov- 
ince of  New  Hampshire,  and  seven  of  said  whole  number  shall  be  laymen. 

And  We  do  further  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  mere 
motion,  will,  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  trustees  of  Dartmouth  College 
that  they  and  their  successors,  or  the  major  part  of  any  seven  of  them 
which  shall  convene  for  that  purpose  as  above  directed,  may  make,  and 
they  are  hereby  fully  empowered  from  time  to  time  fully  and  lawfully  to 
make  and  establish  such  ordinances,  orders  and  laws,  as  may  tend  to  the 
good  and  wholesome  government  of  the  said  College,  and  alfthe  students 
and  the  several  officers  and  ministers  thereof,  and  to  the  public  benefit  of 
the  same,  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  and  statutes  of  our  realm  of  Great 
Britain  or  of  this  our  province  of  New  Hampshire  (and  not  excluding  any 
person  of  any  religious  denomination  whatsoever  from  free  and  equal  lib- 
erty and  advantage  of  education,  or  from  any  of  the  liberties  and  privi- 
leges or  immunities  of  the  said  College  on  account  of  his  or  their  specula- 
tive sentiments  in  religion,  and  of  his  or  their  being  of  a  religious  profession 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.  463 

different  from  the  said  Trustees  of  the  said  Dartmouth  College),  and  such 
ordinances,  orders  and  laws  which  shall  as  aforesaid  be  made,  we  do  by 
these  presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  ratify,  allow  of  and  con- 
firm, as  good  and  effectual  to  oblige  and  bind  all  the  students  and  the 
several  officers  and  ministers  of  said  College.  And  We  do  hereby  au- 
thorize and  empower  the  said  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  the 
president,  tutors  and  professors  by  them  elected  and  appointed  as  afore- 
said, to  put  such  ordinances,  laws  and  orders  into  execution  to  all  intents 
and  purposes. 

And  We  do  further  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  mere 
motion,  will,  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  Trustees,  of  said  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, for  the  encouragement  of  learning  and  animating  the  students  of  said 
College  to  diligence  and  industry  and  a  laudable  progress  in  literature,  that 
they  and  their  successors,  or  the  major  part  of  any  seven  or  more  of  them 
convened  for  that  purpose  as  above  directed,  do  by  the  President  of  said 
College  for  the  time  being,  or  any  other  deputed  by  them,  give  and  grant 
any  such  degree  or  degrees  to  any  of  the  students  of  the  said  College,  or 
any  others  by  them  thought  worthy  thereof,  as  are  usually  granted  in  either 
of  the  Universities  or  any  other  College  in  our  realm  of  Great  Britain  ;  and 
that  they  sign  and  seal  diplomas  or  certificates  of  such  graduations  to  be 
kept  by  the  graduates  as  perpetual  memorials  and  testimonies  thereof. 

And  We  do  further  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  mere 
motion,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  by  these  presents  give  and  grant 
unto  the  Trustees  of  said  Dartmouth  College  and  to  their  successors,  that 
they  and  their  successors  shall  have  a  common  seal  under  which  they  may 
pass  all  diplomas  or  certificates  of  degrees,  and  all  other  affairs  of  business 
of  and  concerning  the  said  College,  which  shall  be  engraven  in  such  form 
and  with  such  an  inscription  as  shall  be  devised  by  the  said  Trustees  for 
the  time  being,  or  by  the  major  part  of  any  seven  or  more  of  them  con- 
vened for  the  service  of  said  College  as  is  above  directed. 

And  We  do  further  for  us  our  heirs  and  successors,  give  and  grant  unto 
the  Trustees  of  said  Dartmouth  College  and  their  successors,  or  to  the  major 
part  of  any  seven  or  more  of  them  convened  for  the  service  of  said  College, 
full  power  and  authority  from  time  to  time  to  nominate  and  appoint  all 
other  officers  and  ministers  which  they  shall  think  convenient  and  neces- 
sary for  the  service  of  the  said  College  not  herein  particularly  named  or 
mentioned;  which  officers  and  ministers  we  do  hereby  impower  to  execute 
their  offices  and  trusts  as  fully  and  freely  as  any  one  of  the  officers  and 
ministers  in  our  Universities  or  Colleges  in  our  realm  of  Great  Britain  law- 
fully may  or  ought  to  do. 

And  further,  that  the  generous  contributors  to  the  support  of  this  de- 
sign of  spreading  the  knowledge  of  the  only  true  God  and  Saviour  among 
the  American  savages,  may  from  time  to  time  be  satisfied  that  their  libera- 
tions are  faithfully  disposed  of  in  the  best  manner  for  that  purpose,  and 
that  others  may  in  future  time  be  encouraged  in  the  exercise  of  the  like 
liberality  for  promoting  the  same  pious  design  ;  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
President  of  said  Dartmouth  College  and  of  his  successors,  annually  or  as 
often  as  he  shall  be  thereunto  desired  or  requested,  to  transmit  to  the 
Right  Hon.,  Hon.  and  worthy  Gentlemen  of  the  trust  in  England  before 
mentioned,  a  faithful  account  of  the  improvements  and  disbursements  of 
the  several  sums  he  shall  receive  from  the  donations  and  bequests  made  in 
England  through  the  hands  of  the  said  Trustees,  and  also  advise  them  of 
the  general  plans  laid  and  prospects  exhibited,  as  well  as  a  faithful  account 
of  all  remarkable  occurrences,  in  order  if  they  shall  think  expedient  that 
they  may  be  published.  And  this  to  continue  so  long  as  they  shall  perpet- 
uate their  board  of  Trust,  and  there  shall  be  any  of  the  Indian  natives 
remaining  to  be  proper  objects  of  that  charity. 


464  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 

And  lastly,  our  express  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  We  do  by  these  pres- 
ents for  us  our  heirs  and  successors,  give  and  grant  unto  the  said  Trustees 
of  Dartmouth  College  and  to  their  successors  forever,  that  these  our  letters 
patent  or  the  enrolment  thereof  in  the  Secretary's  office  of  our  province 
of  New  Hampshire  aforesaid,  shall  be  good  and  effectual  in  law  to  all  in- 
tents and  purposes  against  us  our  heirs  and  successors,  without  any  other 
license,  grant  or  confirmation  from  us  our  heirs  and  successors  hereafter 
by  the  said  Trustees  to  be  had  and  obtained,  notwithstanding  the  not  writ- 
ing or  misrecital,  not  naming  or  misnaming  the  aforesaid  offices,  franchises, 
privileges,  immunities,  or  other  the  premises  or  any  of  them,  and  notwith- 
standing a  writ  of  ad  quod  damnum  hath  not  issued  forth  to  enquire  of  the 
premises  or  any  of  them  before  the  ensealing  hereof,  any  statute,  act,  or- 
dinance or  proviso,  or  any  other  matter  or  thing  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing. 

To  have  and  to  hold,  all  and  singular  the  privileges,  advantages,  lib- 
erties, immunities,  and  all  other  the  premises  herein  and  hereby  granted 
and  given,  or  which  are  meant,  mentioned,  or  intended  to  be  herein  and 
hereby  given  and  granted  unto  them  the  said  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege and  to  their  successors  forever. 

In  Testimony  whereof  We  have  caused  [these  our  letters  to  be  made 
patent,  and  the  public  seal  of  our  said  province  of  New  Hampshire  to  be 
hereunto  affixed. 

Witness  our  trusty  and  well  beloved  John  Wentworth,  Esq.,  Governor 
and  Commander  in  Chief  in  and  over  our  said  Province,  etc.,  this  thir- 
teenth day  of  December,  in  the  tenth  year  of  our  reign,  and  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty-nine. 

J.  WENTWORTH. 
By  his  Excellency's  command  ) 
with  the  advice  of  Council.  J 

THEODORE  ATKINSON,  Secretary. 

r  Locus  "1 
LSigilli.  J 


INDEX. 


Abbott,  276. 

Accum,  F.,  272. 

Adams,  D.,  405. 

Adams,  Ebenezer,  90,   112,  126,   235, 

239,  241,  243,  244,  287,  291,  295,  404. 
Adams,  Eliza,  291. 
Adams,  Ephraim,  241. 
Adams,  John,  77. 
Adams,  Joseph,  16,  17,  18. 
Adams,  J.  O.,  165,  166. 
Adams,  R.  L.,  241. 
Aiken,  C.  A.,  337. 
Aiken,  J.,  394. 
Aiken,  S.,  337,  370,  394. 
Akerman,  A.  T.,  401. 
Albany  Medical  School,  359. 
Alexander,  A.,  233. 
Allen,  D.  H.,  403. 
Allen,  E.  A.,  166. 
Allen,  H.,  400. 
Allen,  S.  C.,  97,  400. 
Allen,  Thomas,  35. 
Allen,  Timothy,  20. 
Allen,  W.,  72,  76. 
Alvord,  J.  C.,  401. 
Amherst  College,  247,  389,  402. 
Ambers t,  J.,  23. 
Anderson,  R.,  277,  396,  397. 
Andover  Theological   Seminary,   169, 

249,  277,  287,  304,  319,  321,  330,  389, 

396. 

Andral,  361. 
Andrews,  G.  L.,  378. 
Antietam,  407. 
Appleton,  J.,  119,  127,  169,  276,  396, 

402,  405. 

Appleton,  S.,  162,  391. 
Arnold,  L.  H.,  400. 
Arnold,  T.,  206. 
Atkinson,  G.  H.,  403. 
Atkinson,  T.,  51,  52. 
Auburn    Theological    Seminary,  330, 

331,  336. 
Austin,  222. 


Backus,  C.,  233,  245. 
Backus,  S.,  401. 


30 


Badger,  J.,  310. 

Bailey,  K.,  397. 

Bailey,  M.,  403. 

Bailey,  R.  W.,  337,  403. 

Baker,  W.  L.,  407. 

Bancroft,  C.  F.  P.,  404. 

Bancroft,  J.  P.,  406. 

Bangor  Theological  Seminary,  397. 

Bannister,  165. 

Barber,  J.,  20. 

Barker,  F.,  360. 

Barnard,  W.  E.,  403. 

Barrett,  J.,  186,  401. 

Barstow,  J.  W.,  354,  363. 

Barstow,  Z.  S.,  174. 

Bartlett,  E.,  345,  366. 

Bartlett,  I.,  114,  400. 

Bartlett,  S.  C.,  186,  190,  337,  358,  405, 

408. 

Bartlett,  W.  H.,  401. 
Barton,  B.  S.,  350. 
Bates  College,  402. 
Baylies,  N.,  401. 
Beattie,  380. 
Bedel,  76. 
Bell,  J.,  400. 
Bell,  L.  V.,  406. 
Bell,  S.,  394,  400,  406. 
Bell,  S.  N.,  400. 
Bellamy,  J.,  8,  89. 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  359, 

366. 

Berkeley,  G.,  3,  4,  9. 
Bermuda,  College  at,  3. 
Bernard,  361. 
Bernard,  Sir  F.,  49. 
Betton,  S.,  400. 
Bickmore,  A.  S.,  403. 
Bigelow,  A.,  400. 
Bigelow,  J.,  265. 
Bigelow,  T.,  107. 
Bingham,  220. 
Bingham,  A.,  13. 
Bingham,  C.,  338,  404,  405. 
Birney,  399. 
Bissell,  C.,  390. 
Bissell,  G.  H.,  390,  407. 


466 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Bissell,  W.  H.,  390. 

Blaisdell,  J.  J.,  403. 

Blanchard,  J.,  400. 

Blois,  79. 

Boardman,  B.,  20. 

Boardman,  H.  E.  J.,  403. 

Bond,  H.,  162,  337,  392,  405. 

Bonney,  B.  W.,  401. 

Bouton,  J.  B.,  405. 

Bouton,  N.,  171,  172,394. 

Bowdoin  College,  169,  276,  277,  278, 

351,  358,  362,  366,  402. 
Boyle,  R.,  2,  3,  4,  12. 
Bradford,  53. 
Bradford,  E.  P.,  100. 
Bradford,  W.,  8. 
Brainerd,  D.,  12. 
Brainerd,  J.,  12. 
Brant,  J.,  29. 
Breck,  D.,  400. 
Brewer,  F.  B.,  407. 
Briggs,  166. 
Brigham,  E.,  400. 
Brigham,  L.,  305. 
Brigham,  L.  F.,  401. 
Brigham,  M.,  305. 
Brown,  A.,  403,  407. 
Brown,  A.  H.,  403,  406. 
Brown,  B.,  117. 
Brown,  E.  G.,  120,260,262. 
Brown,  F.,  100,  108, 112, 117, 119,  120, 

121,  123,  124,  126,  127,  213,  242,  338, 

408. 

Brown,  J.,  337,  397. 
Brown,  J.  P.,  406. 
Brown,  P.  K.,  117. 
Brown,  S.  G.,  120,  186,  238,  248,  307, 

308,  313,315,  316,  321,336. 
Brown  University,  212. 
Brunson,  D.,  400. 
Buffum,  J.,  400. 
Bullen,  H.  L.,  403. 
Bull  Run,  407. 
Burleigh,  W.,  387. 
Burlingame,  184. 
Burnham,  A.,  392,  397. 
Burr,  A.,  8. 
Burroughs,  E.,  9,  212. 
Burton,   A.,  397,  405. 
Bush,  G.,  403,  405. 
Butler,  C.,  338,  404. 
Byles,  M.,  20. 
Byrd,  W.,  3. 

Caghnawaga  Chiefs,  67. 
Caldwell,  H.  M  ,  407. 
California,  College  of,  403. 
Calvin,  J.,  120. 
Carroll,  C.  W.,  407. 
Carter,  E.,  257,  404. 
Carter,  N.  H.,  257,  258,  405. 
Carteret,  3. 


Casey,  365. 

Centennial  Celebration,  183. 
Chamberlain,  J.  E.,  256. 
Chamberlain,  S.  L.  G.,  260,  262,  326. 
Chamberlain,  W.,  256,  257,  260,  261, 

262,  263,  280,  283,  326. 
Chamberlain,  W.  M.,  360. 
Chamberlin,  G.  E.,  407. 
Chandler,  30. 

Chandler,  A.,  367,  369,  381,  382. 
Chapman,  350. 

Chapman,  G.  T.,  189,  397,  403. 
Chase,  B.  P.,  298. 
Chase,  C.  C.,  285. 
Chase,  D.,  400. 
Chase,  E.,  349. 
Chase,  J.,  349. 
Chase,  M.  C.,  298. 
Chase,  P.,  397,  402. 
Chase,  Sarah,  349. 
Chase,  Stephen,  298,  299,300,301,302, 

303,  326,327,  371. 

Chase,  S.  P.,  139,  183,  186,  392,  399. 
Chenery,  6. 
Cheney,  0.  B.,  402. 
Chester,  M.  A.,  329. 
Chesley,  S.  P.,  329. 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  190. 
Chipman,  D.,  400. 
Chittenden,  M.,  400. 
Choate,  R.,  117, 123, 185, 193,  240,  287, 

337,  399,  405. 
Church,  J.  H.,  393. 
Churchill,  C.  H.,  403. 
Clap,  T.,  8,  41,  58,  88. 
Clare  Hall,  6. 
Clark,  A.,  31,  34. 
Clark,  Daniel,  186,  400. 
Clark,  Dorus,  247. 
Clark,  E.  W.,  397. 
Clarke,  A.  W.,  403. 
Clarke,  I.  L.,  407. 
Clay,  H.,  400. 

Cleaveland,  C.  D.,  403,  405. 
Cleaveland,  E.,  35,  37,  38,  217. 
Cleaveland,  M.,  217. 
Clyde,  79,  290. 
Cogswell,  F.,  407. 
Cogswell,  J.,  309. 
Cogswell,  J.  B.,  309. 
Cogswell,  J.  G.,  265. 
Cogswell,  W.,  298,  309,  311,  312,  313, 

315. 

Coke,  116. 
Colby,  J.  K.,  404. 
Cold  Harbor,  407. 
Collar,  289. 
Collins,  222. 
Collins'  Peerage,  380. 
Colman,  4. 

Colman,  H.,  405,  406. 
Columbia,  31. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


467 


Columbia  College,  281. 

Columbian  College,  376. 

Comings,  G.  P.,  403. 

Commerce,  Journal  of,  260. 

Conant,  J.,  382,  383. 

Conner,  P.  S.,  406. 

Converse,  A.,  405. 

Cook,  A.  J.,  404. 

Cooke,  G.,  403. 

Cooper,  Sir  A.,  352. 

Cotton,  1. 

Cotton,  W.,  17,  18. 

Craft,  J.,  6. 

Crane,  C.,  337. 

Crosby,  406. 

Crosby,  Alpheus,  141,  182,   276,  283, 

284,  285,  286,  287,  288,  289,  290,  316, 

317,  405. 

Crosby,  Asa,  283,  354. 
Crosby,  A.  B.,  339,  345,  349,  363,  364, 

366. 

Crosby,  A.  G.  J.  C.,  288. 
Crosby,  A.  R.,  283. 
Crosby,  D.,  339,  345,354,  355,356,357, 

363,  364. 

Crosby,  M.  J.  M.,  363. 
Crosby,  N.,  182,  258,  388,  405. 
Crosby,  T.  R.,  375. 
Culver,  D.,  374,  390,  391. 
Currier,  A.  N.,  403. 
Curtis,  A.,  167,  405. 
Cashing,  J.  P.,  402. 
Cushman,  43. 
Cutler,  A.  C.  G.  J.,  288. 
Cutler,  A.  G.  J.,  288. 
Cutler,  J.,  288. 
Cutting,  J.,  401. 

Daggett,  58. 

Dana,  C.  B.,  403. 

Dana,  D.,  126,  127,  129,  131,  132,  310, 

408. 

Dana,  E.  C.,  132. 
Dana,  James  F.,  256,  271, 272,  273,  274, 

275,  278,  279,  344,  345. 
Dana,  Jonathan  F.,  271. 
Dana,  Joseph,  403. 
Dana,  Judah,  338,  400. 
Dana,  L.,  271. 
Dana,  L.  G.,  271. 
Dana,  R.,  271. 
Dana,  S.,  271. 
Dana,  S.  E.,  132. 
Dana,  S.  L.,  271. 
Dartmouth  Controversy,  88. 
Dartmouth,  Earl  of,  4,  23,  25,  27,  28, 

31,  39,  41,  42,  47,  48,  72,  78,  380,381. 
Dartmouth  Hall,  Erection  of,  80. 
Davenport,  J.,  71. 
Davis,  272. 
Davis,  C.  A.,  407. 
Davis,  E.,  247,  248. 


Davis,  M.,  163,  164. 

Deaf  Mutes,  College  for,  402. 

Dean,  J.,  57,  219,  257,  258,  337,  403. 

DeBerdt,  41. 

Dedham,  6,  7,  55,  310,  313. 

Delamater,  J.,  345,  366. 

Delancey,  W.  H.,  282. 

Delano,  S.,  394. 

Dickinson,  A.,  397. 

Dickinson,  S.  F.,  402. 

Dimond,  D.,  403. 

Dimond,  E.  W.,  374,  375. 

Dingley,  N.,  401. 

Dinsmoor,  S.,  400,  401. 

Dixwell,  J.  J.,  368. 

Doddridge,  P.,  253. 

Doe,  C.,  401. 

Dorsey,  350. 

Douglass,  283. 

Dover  Town  Records,  15. 

Downer,  J.,  401. 

Draper,  G.,  403. 

Dresden,  167. 

Drury  College,  403. 

Drury,  P.,  246. 

Drury,  T.,  246. 

Dudley,  T.,  6. 

Dumas,  77. 

Duncan,  W.  H.,  167,  183,  186,  392. 

Dunham,  J.,  82,  338. 

Dunning,  B.,  20. 

Durell,  D.  M.,  400. 

Durkee,  S.,  405. 

Duvall,  114. 

Dyer,  E.,  41. 

Dyke,  H.  M.,  407. 

Eastman,  I.  A.,  171,  400. 

Eastman,  T.,  213. 

East  Tennessee,  College  of,  403. 

East  Windsor  Theological  Seminary, 

138,  397. 
Eaton,  J.,  404. 
Eaton,  S.,  6. 

Edinburgh,  University  of  35. 
Edwards,  J.,  5,  10,  75. 
Edwards,  T.  M.,  400,  407. 
Eells,  N.,  20. 
Eliot,  1. 

Eliot,  John,  7,  263. 
Ellis,  J.  M.,  403. 
Emerson,  C.  F.,  337. 
Emerson,  J.  S.,  338,  397. 
Emery,  N.,  401. 
Emmet,  T.  A.,  358,  360. 
Emmons,  N.,  397. 
Erskine,  41,  57,  71. 
Estabrook,  H.,  20. 
Estabrook,  J.,  403. 
Evans,  L,  82,  392. 
Evarts,  W.  M.,  399. 
Everett,  Alexander,  265. 


468 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Everett,  Augustus,  403. 
Everett,  D.,  405. 
Everett,  E.,  403. 
Exeter  Donation,  15. 

Fairbanks,  H.,  337. 

Fairfield  Medical  College,  351. 

Earnsworth,  B.  F.,  403. 

Farrar,  C.  S.,  403. 

Farrar,  T.,  108,  394. 

Fellows,  S.,  407. 

Felt,  J.  B.,  405. 

Fessenden,  T.  G.,  405,  407. 

Field,  H.  M.,  366. 

Field,  W.  A.,  400. 

Fillmore,  M.,  253. 

First  effort  to  found  a  College  in  Amer- 
ica, 2. 

Fish,  J.,  20. 

Fisk,  M.  H.,  403. 

Fiske,  J.,  397. 

Fiske,  M.,  337. 

Fiske,  N.  W.,  337,  397,  402,  405. 

Fitch,  41,  245. 

Fitch,  J.,  7. 

Flanders,  B.  F.,  400. 

Fletcher,  I.,  400. 

Fletcher,  Richard,  189,  386,  387,  393, 
394,  400. 

Fletcher,  Robert,  376,  377. 

Fletcher,  S.,  370,  394. 

Flint,  360. 

Fogg,  G.  G.,  400,  401. 

Folsom,  N.  S.,  136,  138,  253,  260,  330, 
403,  405. 

Forbes,  380. 

Forsythe,  79. 

Foster,  20. 

Foster,  A.,  397. 

Foster,  C.,  407. 

Foster,  C.  L.,  407. 

Foster,  D.,  407. 

Foster,  S.,  403. 

Fowler,  D.,  14. 

Fowler,  Jacob,  338. 

Fowler,  Joseph,  20. 

Fox,  J.,  258. 

Franklin,  B.,  58,  77. 

Fredericksburg,  407. 

Freeman,  E.,  53. 

Freeman,  J.,  53,  394. 

Frink,  A.,  241. 

Frost,  C.  P.,  366. 

Frost,  E.  B.,  407. 

Fuller,  6. 

Fuller,  H.  T.,  404. 

Furber,  D.  L.,  303,  322. 

Gale,  N.,  132. 
Gallup,  J.  A.,  406. 
Gardiner,  R.  H.,  278. 
Gates,  76. 


Geneva  College,  281,  282,  283. 

George  II.,  3. 

George  III.,  380. 

Gerrish,  A.,  387. 

Gifford,  A.,  14,  71. 

Gilbert,  Samuel,  50. 

Gilbert,  Sylvester,  400. 

Gillett,  E.,  397. 

Gil  man,  Joseph,  260. 

Gilman,  Josiah,  262. 

Gilman,  N.,  262. 

Gilman,  P.,  22,  51. 

Gilman,  T.,  120. 

Gilmanton  Theological  Seminary,  311, 

314. 

Gladstone,  193,  206. 
Goddard,  C.,  400. 
Godding,  W.  W.,  406. 
Gooch,  D.  W.,  400. 
Goodell,  W.,  397.    ' 
Goodhue,  A.  B.,  403. 
Goodrich,  C.  B.,  401. 
Goodwin,  I.,  303. 
Goodwin,  J.  N.,  400. 
Goodwin,  S.  T.,  303. 
Gookin,  N.,  17,  18. 
Gorham,  271. 
Grant,  U.  S.,  407. 
Graves,  M.,  20. 
Graves,  R.,  343,  402. 
Gray,  S.,  59. 
Greeley,  A.,  120. 
Greenleaf,  B.,  404,  405. 
Gregg,  J.,  330,  336,  337,  403. 
Grennell,  G.,  400. 
Griffith,  R.,  78. 
Grimes,  J.  W.,  400. 
Griswold,  280. 
Grosvenor,  C.  P.,  403. 
Grover,  J.,  57. 
Gurley,  E.,  57. 

Haddock,  A.  W.,  248. 

Haddock,  C.  B.,  117, 120, 140,  241,  248, 

249,  250,  251,  252,  253,  254,  255,269, 

329,  401,  405. 
Haddock,  W.  T.,  248. 
Hadley,  J.,  403,  406. 
Hagar,  287. 
Hale,  B.,  276,  277,  278,  279,  280,  281, 

282,  283,  345. 
Hale,  T.,  276. 
Halifax,  Lord,  41. 
Hall,  F.,  337,  392,  403. 
Hamilton  College,  73,  119,  120,  186. 
Hampden  Sidney  College,  402. 
Handel  Society,  318. 
Hanover,  Press  in,  163. 
Hardy,  14. 
Hardy,  C.,  39. 
Harris,  W.,  397. 
Hartford  Theological  Seminary,  397. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


469 


Harvard  College,  15,  48,  50,  73,  250, 
263,  271,  272,  275,  316,  381,  386,  389, 
390,  392,  393,  402. 

Harvey,  M.,  189,  400. 

Harwood,  T.,  12. 

Haskell,  F.  A.,  407. 

Haven,  N.  A.,  100. 

Haven,  S.,  17,  18,  20. 

Hayes,  F.  B.,  368. 

Hayes,  J.  L.,  405. 

Hayes,  J.  M.,  403. 

Hayes,  W.  A.,  338,  406. 

Hazen,  H.  A.,  167,  405. 

Heath,  R.  R.,  401. 

Hebron,  8,  12,  20,  31. 

Henry,  C.  S.,  403,  404. 

Hibbard,  A.,  57. 

Hibbard,  H.,  400. 

Hill,  L,  142. 

Hinckley,  O.  S.,  337,  403. 

Hitchcock,  C.  H.,  337. 

Hitchcock,  H.  0.,  406. 

Hobart  College,  282. 

Hoit,  354. 

Hoit,  B.,  354. 

Hollenbush,  C.  G.,  407. 

Holmes,  J.,  113. 

Holmes,  0.  W.,  345,  366. 

Holyoke,  266. 

Hood,  J.  E.,  165,  166,  167. 

Hooker,  T.,  7,  75. 

Hopkins,  E.,  407. 

Hopkins,  S.,  405. 

Hopkinson,  J.,  113. 

Hovey,  A.,  398,  405. 

Hovey,  C.  E.,  404. 

Hovey,  E.  O.,  403. 

How,  L.  B.,  345,  366. 

Howard,  382. 

Howard,  T.,  12. 

Howe,  350. 

Howe,  G.,  140,  336. 

Hubbard,  H.,  400. 

Hubbard,  H.  J.,  225. 

Hubbard,  J.,  225,  226,  228,  241,  401, 
404. 

Hubbard,  O.  P.,  336,  345,  366,  378. 

Hubbard,  S.,  393. 

Hubbard,  W.,  263. 

Hudnut,  J.  O.,  403. 

Hulbert,  C.  B.,  402. 

Hunt,  J.,  400. 

Huntington,  C.,  7. 

Huntington,  D.,  57. 

Huntington  Family  Memoir,  7. 

Huntington,  J.,  76. 

Huntington,  M.,  7. 

Huntington,  R.,  7. 

Kurd,  S.,  403. 

Hutchins,  A.  E.,  407. 

Hutchinson,  220. 

Hyde,  A.,  397,  402. 


Illinois  College,  403. 

Jackson,  L.,  230,  231. 

Jackson,  W.,  397,  402. 

Jacob,  S.,  394. 

Jaffrey,  G.,  51. 

James,  350. 

Jarvis,  R.,  405. 

Jefferson  Medical  College,  366. 

Jefferson,  T.,  101. 

Jewett,  D.,  20. 

Jewett,  L.,  400. 

Jewett,  M.  P.,  403. 

Johnson,  D.,  71. 

Johnson,  0.,  316,  338,  404. 

Johnson,  Sir  W.,  29,  30,  219. 

Joy,  J.  F.,  402,  407. 

Jubilee  College,  402. 

Judson,  222. 

Keen,  R.,  39,  42,  70,  222. 
Kelly,  J.,  370. 
Kendall,  A.,  401,  402. 
Kendall,  T.,  57. 
Kendrick,  J.,  403. 
Kendrick,  M.  T.,  362. 
Kendrick,  S.,  362. 
Kent,  G.,  186. 
Kenyon  College,  402. 
Kimball,  G.,  406. 
Kimball,  R.,  255. 
Kimball,  R.  B.,  186,405. 
King,  C.,  278. 
King,  M.  C.,  278. 
Kingman,  Jeremiah,  392. 
Kingman,  Joseph,  290. 
Kingman,  M.,  290. 
Kirkland,  J.  T.,  73. 
Kirkland,  S.,  72,  73. 
Kirtland,  D.,  20. 
Kirtland,  S.,  55. 
Kittredge,  G.  W.,  387. 
Knapp,  S.  L.,  405. 
Knox,  65. 

Labaree,  B.,  402. 

Laennec,  361. 

Lancaster,  D.,  257,  260,  309,  312. 

Landaff,  36,  70,  81,  83,  116. 

Lang,  R.,  255. 

Lang,  S.  S.,  255. 

Langdon,  S.,  17,  18,  20,  43,  65. 

Lansing,  A.  J.,  35. 

Lawrence,  A.,  392. 

Lebanon,  Conn.,  6,  9, 10, 12, 13,  14,  18, 

25,  31,  35,  43,  53,  59,  71,  76,  220, 

223. 

Ledyard,  45. 
Leeds,  S.  P.,  324. 
Library,  Origin  of,  70. 
Lincoln,  A.,  202. 
Lincoln,  N.  S.,  403,  406. 


470 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Little,  A.,  276. 

Little,  E.,  20. 

Little,  J.,  276. 

Little,  M.,  276. 

Lockwood,  J.,  52. 

Long,  C.,  228,  316,  329,  330,  331,  336, 

404. 

Long  Island  Medical  College,  366. 
Long,  M.  C.,  329. 
Long,  S.,  329. 
Lord,  E.  K.  L.,  176. 
Lord,  J.,  168,  405. 
Lord,  J.  K.,  337,  397. 
Lord,  M.  P.,  168. 
Lord,  N.,  131,  143,  157,  167,  168,  169, 

170,  175,  176,  256,  293,  298,  306,308, 

329,  331,  369,  391,  408. 
Lothian,  Marquis  of,  14. 
Lothrop,  E.,  20. 
Louis,  347,  361. 
Lowe,  A.  T.,  348. 
Lundy's  Lane,  407.- 
Luzerne,  Chevalier  de,  77. 
Lyman,  J.,  188. 
Lyman,  J.  S.,  400. 
Lyman,  P.,  41. 
Lyon,  A.,  400. 

Macclion,  78. 

Mack,  A.,  337,  404. 

Malgaigne,  361. 

Mann,  T.,  165. 

March,  C.,  22. 

Marsh,  9. 

Marsh,  C.,  90,  96,  107,  392,  400. 

Marsh,  G.  P.,  400,  401,  405. 

Marsh,  J.,  287,  337,  402,  404. 

Marsh,  L.,  403. 

Marshall,  J.,  113,  122,  189,  195. 

Marston,  G.,  400. 

Mason,  9. 

Mason,  D.,  217. 

Mason,  J.,  96,  114,  124,  125,  392,  400. 

Mason,  S.,  217. 

Mather,  A.,  37. 

Mattoon,  E.,  400,  407. 

May  hew,  1. 

McClure,  D.,  8,  58,  65,  221. 

McDowell,  E.,  359. 

McFarland,  A.,  105,  106, 107,  337,  394, 

397. 

Mclntire,  R.,  400. 
McKeen,  J.,  169,  402. 
Meadville  Theological  Seminary,  136. 
Medfield,  6. 
Mendon,  6. 

Merrill,  T.  A.,  337,  397,  402. 
Merton  College,  203. 
Metcalf,  K,  403. 
Metcalf,  R.,  401. 
Miami  Medical  College,  351. 
Michie,  P.  S.,  378. 


Michigan,  University  of,  366. 

Middlehury  College,  133,  241,  351,402. 

Miller,  407". 

Miller,  O.,  401. 

Mills,  C.,  403. 

Milton,  J.,  6. 

Minot,  B.,  241. 

Monthly  Anthology,  223. 

Moody,"  J.,  17,  20. 

Moody,  M.  J.,  357. 

Moody,  Samuel,  211,  214. 

Moody,  Stephen,  357. 

Moore,  J.,  244. 

Moore,  M.  S.,  244. 

Moore,  Z.  S.,  90,  241,  244,  246,  247,  248, 

256,  402. 

More,  J.,  6,  12,  13,  40. 
Morland,  W.  W.,  405. 
Morris,  G.,  40. 
Morris,  G.  S.,  403. 
Morrison,  N.  J.,  403. 
Morse,  6. 

Morse,  H.  B.,  306. 
Morse,  S.  F.  B.,  273,  274,  275. 
Morton,  304. 
Moseley,  S.,  12,  20. 
Murch,  E.,  403. 
Murch,  J.,  54. 
Mussey,  J.,  349. 
Mussey,  R.  D.,  127,  266,  267,  272,  278, 

339,343,  344,  345,  349,  350,  351,  352, 

353,  354,  356,  406. 

Narragansett  Fort,  13. 
Nason,  B.,  387. 
Nelson,  Jeremiah,  400. 
Nelson,  John,  308,  309. 
New  Jersey,  College  of,  13,  23. 
Newman,  M.,  404. 
Newton,  L,  58. 

New  York  Medical  College,  358. 
New  York,  University  of,  273,  366. 
Nicholl,  Sir  C.  G.,  380. 
Nicholl,  F.  C.,  380. 
Niebuhr,  199,  206,  207. 
Niles,  J.  B.,  403. 
Niles,  N.,  89,  394. 
Norris,  M.,  400. 

Northern  Academy,  Formation  of  So- 
ciety of,  161,  oil. 
Norton,  J.,  6,  20. 
Noyes,  D.  J.,  336 
Noyes,  E.  F.,  401. 
Noyes,  John,  337,  400. 
Noyes,  Josiah,  337,  403,  406. 
Nutting,  W.,  404. 

Oakes,  V.  B.,  407. 

Occom,  S.,  12,  13,  14,  23,  26,  27,  42. 

Odlin,  W.,  17. 

Ohio,  Medical  College  of,  268,  351. 

Olcott,  B.,  89. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


471 


Olcott,  Mills,  393. 
Oliver,  B.  L.,  265,  266. 
Oliver,  D.,  87,  256,  263,  266,  267,  268, 
269,  270,  272,  278,  279,  281,  345,  350. 
Oliver,  F.  E.,  405. 
Oliver,  H.  K.,  258. 
Oliver,  T.,  263. 
Oliver,  T.  F.,  263. 
Orange,  Prince  of,  78. 
Orcmt,  H.,  404. 
Ordronaux,  J.,  403,  406. 
Orr,  B.,  400. 
Osgood,  350. 
Osgood,  H.,  350. 

Pacific  University,  403. 

Packard,  277. 

Packard,  T.,  397. 

Packard,  W.  A.,  337. 

Paine,  E.,  105,  118,392. 

Palermo,  Academy  of,  270. 

Palfrey,  J.  C.,  378. 

Palmer,  B.  R.,  406. 

Pancoast,  366. 

Parish,  E.,  8,  225. 

Park,.J.,  404,  405. 

Parker,  E.,  162,  369,  384,  393. 

Parker,  E.  H.,  405. 

Parker,  H.  E.,  337,  365. 

Parker,  L,  162. 

Parker,  I.  A.,  403. 

Parker,  J.,  162,  369,  370,  384,  385,  386, 

394,  400. 
Parker,  W.,  46. 
Parkhurst,  J.  L.,  287. 
Parks,  B.,  404. 
Parris,  A.  K.,  189,400. 
Parsons,  S.,  18. 
Parsons,  U.,  345,  366. 
Patten,  W.,  10,  217. 
Patterson,  J.  W.,  186,  328,   336,  371, 

400. 

Payson,  E.,  241. 
Payson,  M.  P.,  393. 
Payson,  S.,  394. 
Peabody,  D.,  298,  304,  306,  307,  308, 

330,  331. 
Peabody,  J.,  304. 
Peabody,  L.  B.,  304. 
Peabody,  S.,  310. 
Peaslee,  C.  H.,  400. 
Peaslee,  E.  R.,  339,  345,  358,  359,  360, 

361,  362,  405,  406. 
Peck,  365. 
Pendexter,  E.,  329. 
Pendexter,  M.  A.,  329. 
Pennsylvania,  University  of,  266,  268, 

350. 

Perkins,  A.  C.,  404. 
Perkins,  C.,  272,  343,  344,  404,  406. 
Perley,  L,  186,  337,  401. 
Perry,  J.,  338. 


Peters,  A.,  405,  407. 

Phelps,  A.,  45,  46. 

Phelps,  E.  E.,  345,  366. 

Philbrick,  J.  D.,  404. 

Phillips,  J.,  71,  81,392. 

Philotechnic    Society,    Formation    of, 

182. 

Physic,  266,  350,  360. 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  College  of, 

273,  364. 

Pickering,  J.,  267. 
Pierce,  D.,  51. 
Pierce,  P.,  404. 
Pike,  J.,  16,  17,  18. 
Pinneo,  B.,  397.       . 
Pinneo,  J.,  31,  34. 
Pitkin,  T.,  52. 
Pitkin,  W.,  52. 
Plumer,  W.,  100,  101. 
Pomeroy,  B.,  8,  12,  20,  30,  50,  51. 
Poor,  D.,  397. 
Pope,  A.,  235. 
Pope,  J.,  235. 
Porter,  222. 
Porter,  A.  L.,  406. 
Porter,  E.,  132,  396,  405. 
Portsmouth,  Annals  of,  15. 
Potter,  222. 
Powers,  P.,  20. 
Preble,  W.  P.,  265. 
Prentiss,  S.,  394. 
Prescott,  B.  F.,  401. 
Preston,  J.,  228. 
Preston,  R.,  228. 
Price,  79. 
Prince,  53. 
Proctor,  J.  C.,  337. 
Pulling,  E.,  267. 
Pulling,  M.  R.,  267. 
Pumpshire,  J.,  12. 
Punchard,  G.,  136,  405. 
Putnam,  A.  B.  F.,  316. 
Putnam,  D.,  403. 
Putnam,  I.  W.,  393. 
Putnam,  J.  N.,  316,  317,  318,  319,  320, 

321,  322,  323,  324,  326. 
Putnam,  S.,  316. 
Pynchon,  W.,  263. 

Quimby,  E.  T.,  337,  375. 
Quimby,  G.  W.,  407. 
Quimby,  J.  H.,  403. 
Quint,  A.  H.,  405. 

Rand,  A.,  405. 
Rawden,  Lord,  79. 
Redfield,  I.  F.,  401,  405. 
Redfield,  T.  P.,  401. 
Reed,  E.  C.,  400. 
Reed  Hall,  Erection  of,  161. 
Reed,  W.,  388,  394. 
Rice,  J.  H.,  304. 


472 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE. 


Richards,  C.  S.,  404. 

Richards,  J.  D.  F.,  403. 

Richardson,  D.  P.,  403. 

Richardson,  J.,  400. 

Richardson,  W.  M.,  113. 

Ripley,  E.  W.,  401,  407. 

Ripley,  J.,  217. 

Ripley,  S.,  76,  211,  217,  218,  219,  220, 

222,  233. 
Robarts,  J.,  39. 
Robinson,  J.,  271. 
Roby,  J.,  345,  366. 
Rockwell,  A.,  336. 
Rockwell,  R.  E.,  336. 
Roffey,  S.,  39. 
Rogers,  J.,  18,  22. 
Rogers,  L.,  263. 
Rogers,  N.  P.,  405. 
Root,  E.,  400. 
Roots,  P.  P.,  397. 
Rose,  78. 
Rosetter,  A.,  20. 
Rosetter,  E.,  20. 
Ruggles,  E.  R.,  367,  371. 
Rush,  B.,  266,  350,  353,  354. 
Rush  Medical  College,  362. 
Ruter,  M.,  120. 

Salter,  R.,  20. 

Sanborn,  E.  D.,  163,  336,  405. 

Sanborn,  J.  S.,  401. 

Sandys,  Sir  E.,  2,  3. 

Sargent,  J.  E.,  401. 

Savage,  S.,  14,  39,  70. 

Sawyer,  211. 

Sawyer,  A.  W.,  403. 

Schuyler,  P.,  31. 

Scott,  C.  W.,  70. 

Scott,  T.,  381. 

Scott,  W.,  407. 

Scribner,  J.  W.,  404. 

Sedgwick,  365. 

Sergeant,  J.,  4,  5,  11. 

Sewall,  M.,  350. 

Shattuck,  B.,  389. 

Shattuck,  G.  C.,  162,  389,  406. 

Shattuck,  W.,  389. 

Shaw,  393. 

Shaw,  L.  S.,  407. 

Shepard,  M.,  397. 

Shepard,  T.,  6. 

Shepherd,  F.,  403. 

Shepley,  E.,  401. 

Shepley,  G.  F.,  401. 

Sherburne,  H.,  22. 

Sherburne,  J.  S.,  401,  407. 

Sherman,  W.  T.,  186,  189,  407. 

Shillaber,  B.  P.,  165. 

Shirley,  J.,  258. 

Shropshire,  6. 

Shurtleff,  A.  P.,  134. 

Shurtleff,  H.  C.,  228. 


Shurtleff,  R.,  89,  90,  112, 133,  135,  140, 

162,  213,  225,  228,  229,  230,  231,  232, 

233,  234,  235,  236,  237,  238,  239,  240, 

336. 

Shurtleff,  W.,  228. 
Silliman's  Journal,  272. 
Simmons,  G.  A.,  401. 
Sinclair,  J.  E.,  404. 
Sketches  of  the  History  of  Dartmouth 

College  and  Moor's  Charity  School, 

76,  90,  94,  95,  96. 
Smalley,  9. 
Smalley,  J.,  52,  73. 
Smith,  A.,  339,  345,  362,  363. 
Smith,  A.  D.,  135,  136,  177,  182,  189, 

377,  390,  408. 
Smith,  C.  J.,  24. 
Smith,  E.,  397. 
Smith,  E.  P.,  211. 
Smith,  Jeremiah,  114. 
Smith,  Jesse,  406. 
Smith,  John,  27,  211,  212,  213, '214, 

215,  216,  217,  223,  233,  397. 
Smith,  Joseph,  211. 
Smith,  L.  A.,  406. 
Smith,  M.  G.,  366. 
Smith,  N.,  339,  340,  341,  342,  344,  345, 

346,  347,  348,  349,  350. 
Smith,  N.  R.,  348. 
Smith,  S.  A.  A.,  189. 
Smith,  W.,  40,  41,  42. 
Smith,  W.  R.,  366. 
Smythe,  S.  S.,  39. 
Snell,  T.,  246. 
Social  Friends,  Formation  of   Society 

of,  85. 

Souther,  S.,  407. 
Spaulding,  L.,  397. 
Spear,  C.,  163,  164. 
Spooner,  A.,  167. 
Spooner,  J.  P.,  167. 
Spotswood,  78. 
Sprague's  Annals,  72,  117,  211,  244, 

303,  309,  398. 
Sprague,  P.,  401. 
Sprague,  Z.,  222. 
Spring,  277. 
Stacey,  67. 
Standish,  M.,  8. 
Stanley,  R.  C.,  403. 
Stanwix  Fort,  37. 
Stark,  J.,  76. 
St.  Clair,  166. 
Stearns,  F.,  363. 
Steele,  B.  H.,  401. 
Stevens,  G.,  286. 
Stevens,  S.,  30. 
Stevens,  T.,  398. 
Stiles,  E.,  58,  88. 
St.  Mary's  College,  268. 
Stone,  365. 
Stone,  S.,  6. 


DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE 


473 


Storrs,  J.,  53. 

Storrs,  S.,  53. 

Story,  D.,  397,  404. 

Story,  J.,  195,  264,  265,  385,  386. 

Stoughton,  E.  W.,  392. 

Stowe,  C.  E.,  10,  243,  283,  336. 

Straghn,  78. 

Strong,  Joanna,  313. 

Strong,  Jonathan,  313,  397. 

Strong,  N.,  58. 

Sturtevant,  J.  M.,  402. 

Suhm,  C.,  99. 

Sullivan,  80,  114. 

Sullivan,  G.,  394. 

Sumner,  C.,  385.' 

Swift,  Dean,  3. 

Taggart,«6.,  401. 

Tarbell,  67. 

Taylor,  S.  H.,  186,  337,  404. 

Taylor,  T.,  218. 

Temple,  D.,  397. 

Tenney,   C.  J.,  397. 

Tenney,  S.,  284. 

Thayer,  S.,  182,376,377,  383,384,407. 

Thayer,  T.,  316,  324. 

Thomas,  360. 

Thomas,  I.,  140. 

Thompson,  C.  0.,  404. 

Thompson,  J.,  352. 

Thompson,  T.  W.,  105,  106,  107,  394. 

Thornton  Hall,  Erection  of,  256. 

Thornton,  J.,  39,  78.  381. 

Throop,  B.,  20. 

Thurston,  165. 

Ticknor,  9. 

Ticknor,  E.,  338,  404. 

Ticknor,  G.,  402,  405. 

Tisdale,  9. 

Tisdale,  N.,  60. 

Torrey,  J.,  249,  253,  402,  405. 

Townsend,  L.  T.,  398,  405. 

Tracy,  C.,  403. 

Tracy,  E.  C.,  337,  405. 

Tracy,  J.,  405. 

Treat,  1. 

Trumbull,  9. 

Trumbull,  B.,  9,  73,  337. 

Tuck,  A.,  170,  171,  172,  401. 

Twitchell,  A.,  362,  406. 

Tyler,  B.,  126,  132,  133,  134,  135,  137, 

138,  139,  140,  141,  142,  168,  254,  260, 

393,  395,  408. 
Tyler,  E.  S.,  142. 
Tyler,  J.  E.,  133,  135,  136,  406. 
Tyler,  W.  S.,  402. 

Uncas,  I,  13. 

Union  Theological  Seminary,  304. 
United  Fraternity,  Formation  of  Soci- 
ety of,  85. 

Upham,  J.  B.,  186,  405. 
31 


Upham,  T.  C.,  402,  404. 

Varney,  J.  R.,  337. 
Velpeau,  361. 
Vergennes,  Count  de,  .77. 
Vermont  Medical  College,  362. 
Vermont,  University  of,  366,  393,  402. 
Vindication  by  Trustees,  94. 
Virginia,  Stith's  History  of,  2. 
Virginia,  University  of,  273. 
Vose,  J.,  117,404. 

Wabash  College,  403. 

Wainwright,  275. 

Waldron,  E.  Q.  S.,  403. 

Waldron,  T.  W.,  22. 

Walker,  C.  A.,  406. 

Walker,  J.,  384. 

Washburn,  P.  T.,  401. 

Washington,  G.,  77,  122,  354,  392. 

Weare,  M.,  22. 

Webber,  M.,  272. 

Webber,  S.,  272. 

Webster,  D.,  113,  114,  124,  163,  164, 
185,  189,  202,  248,  254,  258,  386,  393, 
397,  398,  399,  400,  401. 

Webster,  Ebenezer,  80. 

Webster,  Ezekiel,  138,  248,  393,  400. 

Webster,  Josiah,  310. 

Webster,  J.  C.,  403. 

Webster,  J.  D.,  407. 

Wellman,  M.,  13. 

Wentworth,  B.,  16,  22,  29. 

Wentworth  Hall,  Erection  of,  256. 

Wentworth,  I.,  387. 

Wentworth,  J.,  22,  28,  35,  38,  39,  42, 
43,  45,  46,  47,  51,  63,  65,  70,  79,  81, 
184,  211,  218,  380,  387,  392,  401. 

Wentworth,  M.  H.,  27. 

Wentworth,  P.,  78. 

Wentworth,  T.,  387,  388. 

West,  D.,  39. 

Western  Reserve  College,  330,  331. 

Weston,  N.,  189,  401. 

West  Point  Military  Academy,  273, 
378,  383,  407. 

West  Point  Military  Academy,  Boyn- 
ton's  History  of,  383. 

Wheeler,  J.,  393,  402. 

Wheelock,  222. 

Wheelock,  A.,  220. 

Wheelock,  E.,  6,  8,9,  10,  12,  13,  14,  15, 
18,  19,  21,  22,  23,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29, 
30,  31,  35,  36,  37,  40,  41,  42,  43,  45, 
46,  47,  49,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57, 
58,  59,  60,  61,  65,  67,  68,  69,  70,  71, 
72,  73,  74,  75,  83,  115,  116,  209,  212, 
217,  219,  220,  224,  395,  408. 
i  Wheelock,  J.,  76,  77,  79,  80,  81,  82,  83, 
88,  89,  94,  96,  97,  99,  100,  116,  118, 
214,  233,  392,  408. 

Wheelock,  M.,  224. 


474 


DARTMOUTH   COLLEGE. 


Wheelock,  Memoirs  of,  8,  10,  68,  84, 

214,  219,  223. 
Wheelock,  M.  B.,  71. 
Wheelock,  M.  S.,  79,  99. 
Wheelock,  Ralph,  6,  7,  35,  337. 
Wheelock,  Rebecca,  6. 
Wheelock,  S.  D.  M.,  71. 
Wheelock,  Vt.,  80. 
Whitaker,  N.,  20,  23,  26,  27,  35,  42,  45, 

221. 

White,  C.,  403. 
White,  D.  A.,  100. 
White,  J.  H.,  387. 
White,  P.,  401. 
White,  S.,  20. 
White,  W.,  337. 

Whitefield,  G.,  25,  26,  27,  30,  56,  222. 
Whitehouse,  B.,  392. 
Whiting,  36. 
Whiting,  S.,  8. 
Wight,  J.,  20. 
Wilberforce,  W.,  381. 
Wilcox,  L.,  401. 
Wilde,  S.  S.,  400. 
Wilderness,  407. 
Willard,  30. 
Willard,  C.  W.,  401. 
Willard,  J.  D.,  337,  392. 
Willey,  S.  H.,  403. 
William  and  Mary's  College,  3. 
Williams  College,  120,  245,  247,  311, 

402. 

Williams,  E.,  4,  8,  12,  40. 
Williams,  H.,  401. 
Williams,  J.,  67. 
Williams,  S.,  60- 
Williams,  S.  W.,  345,  366. 
Wilson,  W.,  401. 
Windham,  7,  8,  12,  13,  20,  31. 
Wines,  A.,  397. 
Winthrop,  263. 
Wirt,  W.,  113. 


Wistar,  266,  350. 

Wood,  A.,  405. 

Wood,  H.,  337,  405. 

Wood,  S.,  397. 

Woodbridge,  T.,  35. 

Woodbury,  B.,  397. 

Woodbury,  L.,  398. 

Woodhouse,  350. 

Woodman,  A.  H.  C.,  326. 

Woodman,  J.    S.,  316,  326,  327,   328, 

329,  371. 

Woodman,  N.,  326. 
Woods,  A.  S.,  401. 
Woods,  L.,  135. 
Woodward,  B.,  58,  80,  211,  220,  222, 

223,  224,  225,  226. 
Woodward,  D.,  53. 
Woodward,  H.,  220. 
Woodward,  I.,  31,  34,  220. 
Woodward,  M.  S.,  220. 
Woodward,  W.  G.,  401. 
Woodward,  W.  H.,  112,  114. 
Woolley,  J.,  12,  13. 
Worcester,  E.,  337. 
Worcester,  N.,  406. 
Worcester,  S.,  233,  310,  396. 
Wright,  A.  H.,  397. 
Wright,  J.,  37,  53,  54. 
Wright,  N.,  53. 
Wvllis.  45. 
Wyllis,  G.,  42. 

Yale  College,  4,  8,  12,  41,  48,  50,  58,  59, 
88,  220,  223,  250,  349,  358,  371. 

Young,  C.  A.,  337. 

Young,  C.  K,  255. 

Young,  I.,  276,  290,  291,  293,  294,  295, 
296,  298,  329,  330. 

Young,  J.  K.,  387. 

Young,  R.  B.,  290. 

Young,  S.,  290. 


ERRATA. 

Page  22,  for  Mishech,  read  Mesliecli. 
"    53,  for  relation,  read  relative. 
"    60,  for  Simeon,  read  Simon. 
"    65,  for  M' Clare,  read  AFClure. 

"  136,  for  Meadville  College,  read  MeadeUle  Theological  Seminary. 
li  182,  for  Alphceus,  read  Alplieus. 
"  222,  for  consideratio,  read  consideratis. 
"  241,  for  nineteen,  read  fifteen. 
"  303,  for  Furbur,  read  Purler. 
"349,  for  Elizabeth,  read  Elisabeth. 
"  420,  for  Brompton,  read  Brampton. 
"  420,  for  Calumpton,  read  Columpton. 
"  439,  for  Bultell,  read  BuUeel. 


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